MAAT HERU:
MAAT HERU:
THE SYMBOLISM OF
THE SYMBOLISM OF
THE EYES OF HORUS
THE EYES OF HORUS
By Frater LVX/NOX
By Frater LVX/NOX
The Eye as an Occult
The Eye as an Occult SymbolSymbol The eye
The eye itself is a common symbol in various occult traditions. Note itself is a common symbol in various occult traditions. Note thethe Masonic tradition, where the eye of God appears within the triangle of the trinity. Masonic tradition, where the eye of God appears within the triangle of the trinity. This may be compared with the Northern tradition sigil of the ‘eye Valknut’, an This may be compared with the Northern tradition sigil of the ‘eye Valknut’, an
occasional modified version of the
signifying the triadic nature of existence. (Pennick, p. 179). Also the Eye of Shiva. signifying the triadic nature of existence. (Pennick, p. 179). Also the Eye of Shiva. The general symbol of the Eye in the
The general symbol of the Eye in the Triangle etc.Triangle etc.
The original creator God of Egypt, Ra, the Sun God, was known as The original creator God of Egypt, Ra, the Sun God, was known as ‘the Eye of Day’. Mankind was made at a glance of his all-seeing ‘the Eye of Day’. Mankind was made at a glance of his all-seeing Eye. (Often it is said men were formed from the tears of the Eye. (Often it is said men were formed from the tears of the sun-god, since the old Egyptian word for men and women ‘remt’ closely god, since the old Egyptian word for men and women ‘remt’ closely resembles in sound that of the word for tear ‘‘remt’).
resembles in sound that of the word for tear ‘‘remt’).
His glance had the power to slay. (This sums the fierce burning power of the Sun’s His glance had the power to slay. (This sums the fierce burning power of the Sun’s heat). The dual life-giving and life-taking ability of the sun is further outlined when heat). The dual life-giving and life-taking ability of the sun is further outlined when Ra, observing that men are doing evil, decides to create and send out Sekhmet the Ra, observing that men are doing evil, decides to create and send out Sekhmet the Slayer, the lion-shaped devouring goddess to slaughter them, and she is eventually Slayer, the lion-shaped devouring goddess to slaughter them, and she is eventually becomes Hathor, the Lady of Love.
becomes Hathor, the Lady of Love.
Egyptian words for eye include ‘aarret’, ‘maat’ ‘maati’, ‘shesui’, ‘kemhet’. The word Egyptian words for eye include ‘aarret’, ‘maat’ ‘maati’, ‘shesui’, ‘kemhet’. The word for ‘eye of Horus’ is ‘maat Heru’. (Budge, HEIROGLYPHIC VOCABULARY). See p. 321 for ‘eye of Horus’ is ‘maat Heru’. (Budge, HEIROGLYPHIC VOCABULARY). See p. 321 for heiro for ‘things of the eye of Horus’. The eyeball is ‘beqsu’. There was a god for heiro for ‘things of the eye of Horus’. The eyeball is ‘beqsu’. There was a god ‘amam-arit’ whose name means ‘Eater of the Eye’. (To eat for the Egyptians similar ‘amam-arit’ whose name means ‘Eater of the Eye’. (To eat for the Egyptians similar to comprehending or understanding).
to comprehending or understanding). The Udjat: Eye of Horus as T
The Udjat: Eye of Horus as Talismanalisman
The Udjat was used by the priest in the Opening of the Mouth The Udjat was used by the priest in the Opening of the Mouth Ceremony. “I have opened thy mouth with the Eye of Horus” (see Ceremony. “I have opened thy mouth with the Eye of Horus” (see Budge INTRO p. 15)
Budge INTRO p. 15)
In the Liturgy of Funerary Offerings, it is said, “thou hast taken In the Liturgy of Funerary Offerings, it is said, “thou hast taken possession of
possession of the two eyes of Horus, the white and the black the two eyes of Horus, the white and the black , and when they, and when they are in thy face, they illumine it”. (Here offer two jugs of wine, one white, one are in thy face, they illumine it”. (Here offer two jugs of wine, one white, one bla
black)ck).” .” NotNote e thathat t aboabout ut 150 150 kinkinds ds of of foofood, d, floflowerwers, s, vegvegetaetablebles, s, oiointmntmentents s anandd wines were presented to the spirit of the king, which was present in his statue in wines were presented to the spirit of the king, which was present in his statue in thethe Tuat chamber of the tomb. “Every object was called ‘the eye of Horus’ in allusion to Tuat chamber of the tomb. “Every object was called ‘the eye of Horus’ in allusion to
its life-giving qualities” (Budge, INTRO p. 17). its life-giving qualities” (Budge, INTRO p. 17).
In a hymn to Ra the Sun God, it is said “Hail to thee, Eye of Horus” which Budge In a hymn to Ra the Sun God, it is said “Hail to thee, Eye of Horus” which Budge notes as “here a name of Egypt” (Budge, INTRO, P. 19).
notes as “here a name of Egypt” (Budge, INTRO, P. 19).
In the embalmment ceremony, two pieces of linen bandage applied to the sides of In the embalmment ceremony, two pieces of linen bandage applied to the sides of the skull were known as “the two eyes of
the skull were known as “the two eyes of Ra in their fullness”, (Budge, Intro p. 248.)Ra in their fullness”, (Budge, Intro p. 248.) Budge on the Uchat: “This amulet was made of faience, glazed in various colours, Budge on the Uchat: “This amulet was made of faience, glazed in various colours, wood, granite, haematite, carnelian, lapis-lazuli, gold, silver, copper and many other wood, granite, haematite, carnelian, lapis-lazuli, gold, silver, copper and many other mate
materialrials. Its name is deris. Its name is derived from “utved from “utcha” cha” (see boo(see book for heiro) “to be in goodk for heiro) “to be in good health”, “sound and comfortable in mind and body”. The reason why this amulet health”, “sound and comfortable in mind and body”. The reason why this amulet was so popular is obvious. The source of all health and happiness was the right Eye was so popular is obvious. The source of all health and happiness was the right Eye of Horus the Elder, and later the right Eye of Ra, which was able to protect both the of Horus the Elder, and later the right Eye of Ra, which was able to protect both the living and the dead. The two Utchats, one facing to the right and the other to the living and the dead. The two Utchats, one facing to the right and the other to the left, represented the two eyes of Horus, i.e. the sun and the moon, or, as late texts left, represented the two eyes of Horus, i.e. the sun and the moon, or, as late texts seem to indicate, the southern and northern halves of the sun’s daily course. The seem to indicate, the southern and northern halves of the sun’s daily course. The twin Utchats (see book for heiro), appear on coffins as early as the VIth dynasty, twin Utchats (see book for heiro), appear on coffins as early as the VIth dynasty, and indicate that the dead were under the protection of the Eyes of the Sun and and indicate that the dead were under the protection of the Eyes of the Sun and Moo
Moon. On n. On sepsepululchrchral boxeal boxes s we oftewe often n finfind d thethem with a m with a trtripliple e () betw() between (). Theeen (). The Utchat amulet is made both as a solid plaque and in hollow-work, and when made of Utchat amulet is made both as a solid plaque and in hollow-work, and when made of carnelian the eyebrow is carefully marked. Sometimes a
carnelian the eyebrow is carefully marked. Sometimes a uraeus wearing a solar diskuraeus wearing a solar disk is attached (), and sometimes it is provided with the wing and the leg and claw of a is attached (), and sometimes it is provided with the wing and the leg and claw of a bird (hawk?). (etc etc). Egyptian tradition told the story of how the Eye of Ra had bird (hawk?). (etc etc). Egyptian tradition told the story of how the Eye of Ra had suffered injury and eclipse through a mighty storm which had been stirred up by suffered injury and eclipse through a mighty storm which had been stirred up by
Set, and also of how the Eye of the Moon had been swallowed up by the same Set, and also of how the Eye of the Moon had been swallowed up by the same monster, but in each case the Eye was “brought back”. I.e. restored to its original monster, but in each case the Eye was “brought back”. I.e. restored to its original state, by Thoth. The Book of the Dead (Chapter LXVII) provides a heka or spell, state, by Thoth. The Book of the Dead (Chapter LXVII) provides a heka or spell, which the deceased can use to prevent himself from suffering a similar calamity. which the deceased can use to prevent himself from suffering a similar calamity. (See book for heiros).
(See book for heiros).
The Egyptians celebrated a great festival in honour of the “Filling of the Utchat” on The Egyptians celebrated a great festival in honour of the “Filling of the Utchat” on the last day of the sixth month of their year, on which day the Sun-God Ra was the last day of the sixth month of their year, on which day the Sun-God Ra was believed to obtain his maximum strength. .(further details)…The day of the filling of believed to obtain his maximum strength. .(further details)…The day of the filling of th
the e UtUtchchat at wawas s ththe e lolongngesest t daday y of of ththe e EgEgypyptitian an yeyearar. . (B(Bududgege, , MUMUMMMMY, Y, pp pp 31317- 7-18).
18).
The Myth of the Blinding of Horus The Myth of the Blinding of Horus
The myths of Isis, Osiris, Horus and Set are nowhere written down The myths of Isis, Osiris, Horus and Set are nowhere written down
complete in Egyptian sources. What we
complete in Egyptian sources. What we have is a have is a composite accountcomposite account brought together from various
brought together from various different sources, primarily carvingsdifferent sources, primarily carvings and inscriptions in the pyramid of Zoser, the tombs of Seti I and and inscriptions in the pyramid of Zoser, the tombs of Seti I and Rameses II and III, the temple of Horus at
Rameses II and III, the temple of Horus at Edfu,Edfu, the Book of the Dead the Book of the Dead and other papyrus sources. One of the first to bring these sources together was the and other papyrus sources. One of the first to bring these sources together was the Greek historian and essayist Plutarch, who travelled in
Greek historian and essayist Plutarch, who travelled in Egypt in the first Egypt in the first century AD,century AD, and who told the whole legend after talking to the
and who told the whole legend after talking to the Egyptian people, in his treatiseEgyptian people, in his treatise Concerning Isis and Osiris
Concerning Isis and Osiris..
A simple account of the myths may be found in Roger Lancelyn Green (see
A simple account of the myths may be found in Roger Lancelyn Green (see ChaptersChapters 2 and 3 of
2 and 3 of TALES OF ANCIENT EGYPTTALES OF ANCIENT EGYPT). Cashford is only a portion of the myth ). Cashford is only a portion of the myth andand doesn’t include all the battles with Set. Note that in Cashford, when Horus goes doesn’t include all the battles with Set. Note that in Cashford, when Horus goes down to the Underworld to tell Osiris that justice has been done, “he gave him a down to the Underworld to tell Osiris that justice has been done, “he gave him a gift, the Eye
gift, the Eye of Eternity, which would always protect of Eternity, which would always protect him”.him”. It is only to
It is only to be expected that be expected that some inconsistencies may arise from this situation.some inconsistencies may arise from this situation. The Horus eye is the symbol of the eye lost by the god Horus the Elder/Avenger in The Horus eye is the symbol of the eye lost by the god Horus the Elder/Avenger in his battle to avenge the death of his father, Osiris. Seth, the uncle of his battle to avenge the death of his father, Osiris. Seth, the uncle of Ho
Horurus, s, cacausused ed ththe e loloss ss of of ththis is eyeye, e, anand d ththe e sysymbmbol ol wawass considered one of the most powerful in Egypt. The eye was considered one of the most powerful in Egypt. The eye was restored by Isis and was called the
restored by Isis and was called the wadjet wadjet or “healthy eye”or “healthy eye” (or Restored Eye).
(or Restored Eye). As the fal
As the falcon-headed god, Hocon-headed god, Horus can be serus can be seen as the sky en as the sky god. god. His left eyeHis left eye was traditionally considered to be lunar and
was traditionally considered to be lunar and the right eye was the right eye was solar.solar.
In some versions of the myth, Horus lost both eyes. Seth, in the form of a black In some versions of the myth, Horus lost both eyes. Seth, in the form of a black boar, crept up on him and ripped out his (left) eye and flung it beyond the edge of boar, crept up on him and ripped out his (left) eye and flung it beyond the edge of the world (or into the sky). Horus later, in retaliation emasculated Seth by ripping the world (or into the sky). Horus later, in retaliation emasculated Seth by ripping off his testicles. The left eye of the sky god being ripped out means the sky was off his testicles. The left eye of the sky god being ripped out means the sky was depri
deprived of ved of its moon, so the its moon, so the nighnight t sky sank into blacknessky sank into blackness. See s. See also the version inalso the version in Spence, pp 96-97.
Spence, pp 96-97.
In Lancelyn Green, Horus has
In Lancelyn Green, Horus has consulted Harmachis, the god of the rising sun, consulted Harmachis, the god of the rising sun, for aidfor aid in the battle against Set. Harmachis makes a spell and gazes into the eyes of Horus in the battle against Set. Harmachis makes a spell and gazes into the eyes of Horus which “began to shine like the sun at noontide…at first they were like the Great which “began to shine like the sun at noontide…at first they were like the Great green Sea, clouded like lapis lazuli; but soon they began to grow clear like glass, green Sea, clouded like lapis lazuli; but soon they began to grow clear like glass,
and Harmachis knew that in a moment he
and Harmachis knew that in a moment he would see through them to the would see through them to the very endsvery ends of the earth.” Then Set as boar attacks, He “aimed a blow of fire like a lightning of the earth.” Then Set as boar attacks, He “aimed a blow of fire like a lightning flash at the eyes of Horus. And Horus covered his eyes with his hands, crying, ‘It is flash at the eyes of Horus. And Horus covered his eyes with his hands, crying, ‘It is Set! And he has smitten me in the eyes with fire!’” (Green p. 45/56). In green, Set! And he has smitten me in the eyes with fire!’” (Green p. 45/56). In green, although “they eyes of Horus were darkened for a little while as the
although “they eyes of Horus were darkened for a little while as the sun is darkenedsun is darkened when the thunderclouds speed over the Delta”, “they soon grew bright once more”. when the thunderclouds speed over the Delta”, “they soon grew bright once more”. Green leaves out the healing of the eyes
Green leaves out the healing of the eyes by Hathor.by Hathor.
Seth buried both eyes in the desert, where they took root and grew into two fine Seth buried both eyes in the desert, where they took root and grew into two fine lo
lotus tus floflowerwers. s. (Th(This is is is difdifferferent ent frofrom m the the ‘sh‘shattattereered d eyeeye’ ’ verversiosion). n). ThThe e lotlotus us isis regarded as a symbol of
regarded as a symbol of rebirth.rebirth.
It was the lunar eye that was damaged by Seth, and restored (in some versions) by It was the lunar eye that was damaged by Seth, and restored (in some versions) by the goddess Hathor, the wife or wet-nurse of Horus. Hathor found the eyeless god, the goddess Hathor, the wife or wet-nurse of Horus. Hathor found the eyeless god, and with milk taken from a passing gazelle, anointed the bleeding sockets and and with milk taken from a passing gazelle, anointed the bleeding sockets and rest
restored Horus’ sight. The ored Horus’ sight. The restorestoratiration on of of the eye the eye or or eyes symboleyes symbolises restorises restoratioation n of of the cosmic order.
the cosmic order.
But it was the solar eye that was brought back from Nubia by Thoth. Note that But it was the solar eye that was brought back from Nubia by Thoth. Note that perhaps Nubia was considered ‘beyond the world’s confines’ for that is where Thoth perhaps Nubia was considered ‘beyond the world’s confines’ for that is where Thoth found the eye, which had shattered when it fell. (Of course Nubia was outside the found the eye, which had shattered when it fell. (Of course Nubia was outside the ‘world’ of Egypt itself). Thoth pieced it together and restored it to its owner. (So the ‘world’ of Egypt itself). Thoth pieced it together and restored it to its owner. (So the Sun
Sun shattered and was pieced back together – significance?) But note that one tinyshattered and was pieced back together – significance?) But note that one tiny piece went missing. (The fact the eye was restored to health despite the missing piece went missing. (The fact the eye was restored to health despite the missing piece highlights the synergetic function of the whole, and perhaps the influence of piece highlights the synergetic function of the whole, and perhaps the influence of wisdom/T
wisdom/Thoth in hoth in the actual the actual restorative process).restorative process).
[This may be perhaps compared with the cutting into pieces [This may be perhaps compared with the cutting into pieces of the body of Osiris by his brother Seth, who scatters the of the body of Osiris by his brother Seth, who scatters the
parts – 14
parts – 14 in all, according to Plutarch’s accountin all, according to Plutarch’s account - throughout Egypt, and their
- throughout Egypt, and their reassembly by Isisreassembly by Isis an
and d heher sisr sisteter Nepr Nephththyhys s – – exexcecept fopt for r ththee phallus. The phallus had been thrown into the phallus. The phallus had been thrown into the
Nile immediately upon being severed from the body and Nile immediately upon being severed from the body and had been
had been devdevouroured ed by by varvarioious us fisfish h ininclucludiding ng the the OxyOxyrynrynchuchus. s. HoHoww then did Isis impregnate herself when she revived Osiris by making wind with her then did Isis impregnate herself when she revived Osiris by making wind with her wings? (Johnson is equally puzzled, saying “ somehow Isis managed to conceive and wings? (Johnson is equally puzzled, saying “ somehow Isis managed to conceive and bear Horus” (Johnson p. 127)
bear Horus” (Johnson p. 127)
Let us compare the body of Osiris, rent into pieces and scattered, with an eye Let us compare the body of Osiris, rent into pieces and scattered, with an eye shattered. Both are restored, except for a missing piece. Osiris then becomes Lord shattered. Both are restored, except for a missing piece. Osiris then becomes Lord of the Underworld, and judge of the souls of the dead? How does this correlate with of the Underworld, and judge of the souls of the dead? How does this correlate with the eye becoming restored? Sir JG Fraser in THE GOLDEN BOUGH has seen the the eye becoming restored? Sir JG Fraser in THE GOLDEN BOUGH has seen the scattering of the body parts of Osiris up and down the land as a mythical way of scattering of the body parts of Osiris up and down the land as a mythical way of expressing either the sowing or winnowing of the grain (for Osiris was a deity of expressing either the sowing or winnowing of the grain (for Osiris was a deity of vegetation, a personificatio
vegetation, a personification of the n of the corn). (Paraphrased in Spence p. 71).corn). (Paraphrased in Spence p. 71).
Note also that when Horus finally conquered Set, he rent Set’s body into fourteen Note also that when Horus finally conquered Set, he rent Set’s body into fourteen pieces, even as Set had torn the body of Osiris. (Green p. 49) He did this after pieces, even as Set had torn the body of Osiris. (Green p. 49) He did this after dragging the body of Set up and
dragging the body of Set up and down Egypt.down Egypt.
There are notable similarities between the Code of Hammurabi and certain There are notable similarities between the Code of Hammurabi and certain Israelite legal materials, especially the Book of the Covenant. For
Israelite legal materials, especially the Book of the Covenant. For instance, as in Israelite law, the Code of
retribution in kind (
retribution in kind (lex talionislex talionis), which prescribes proportional), which prescribes proportional
punishment: an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth. punishment: an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.
If a man has destroyed the eye
If a man has destroyed the eye of another man, they shallof another man, they shall
destroy his eye. If he
destroy his eye. If he has broken another man's bone, they shallhas broken another man's bone, they shall
break his bone.
break his bone. (196-97)(196-97)
Symbolism of the Eyes Symbolism of the Eyes
According to Nelson, “the sun and the moon are the eyes of the falcon According to Nelson, “the sun and the moon are the eyes of the falcon god Horus. The right eye is the sun, the left the moon. The right eye god Horus. The right eye is the sun, the left the moon. The right eye stands for activity, and the future; the left for passivity, and the past. stands for activity, and the future; the left for passivity, and the past. Both eyes together stand for clear-sightedness at day or night. This is Both eyes together stand for clear-sightedness at day or night. This is the reason the Horus eye has been associated with omnipotence. Invulnerability the reason the Horus eye has been associated with omnipotence. Invulnerability and eternal fruition are also linked to the eye. They were often placed on the and eternal fruition are also linked to the eye. They were often placed on the left-hand side of the sarcophagus so that the dead
hand side of the sarcophagus so that the dead could find their way.could find their way.
Ozaniec refers to the symbolism of the fight between Set and Horus as a cosmic Ozaniec refers to the symbolism of the fight between Set and Horus as a cosmic battle between light and dark, possibly in reference to a series of total eclipses battle between light and dark, possibly in reference to a series of total eclipses which occurred in Egypt between 4867 and 4787 BC. (Ozaniec pp. 12-13). This which occurred in Egypt between 4867 and 4787 BC. (Ozaniec pp. 12-13). This relates to Spence’s view of the encounter where Set blinds Horus as representative relates to Spence’s view of the encounter where Set blinds Horus as representative of an eclipse.
of an eclipse.
T
Thhe e FFrraaccttiioonnaatteed d EEyyee
Wilson (p. 165) points out that “ The ‘Horus Eye fractions’ were the reciprocals of Wilson (p. 165) points out that “ The ‘Horus Eye fractions’ were the reciprocals of the powers of two: a half, a
the powers of two: a half, a quarter, an eighth, and so on down to quarter, an eighth, and so on down to one sixty-fourthone sixty-fourth part of a
part of a heqat. [A heqat heqat. [A heqat was the standard sack or basket used for measuring drywas the standard sack or basket used for measuring dry goods, especially grain, and has been calculated to be the equivalent of slightly goods, especially grain, and has been calculated to be the equivalent of slightly more than a gallon (4.5 litres). One-tenth part of heqat was called a
more than a gallon (4.5 litres). One-tenth part of heqat was called a hinhin (about half (about half a litre, held in a jar of
British Museum includes tables of the ‘Horus Eye
British Museum includes tables of the ‘Horus Eye fractions’ and their equivalents infractions’ and their equivalents in terms of
terms of hinu.hinu.
Hm
Hmm m – – ththe e SoSolalar r eyeye e shshatatteterered d ininto to frfragagmementnts, s, bubut t …i…it t wawas s ththe e anancicienentt Egyptians for writing the fractional parts of the grain measure used the various Egyptians for writing the fractional parts of the grain measure used the various sep
separaarate elemte elementents s of the of the MooMoon n EyeEye. . WhWhen the en the indindivividuidual fractal fractioions were addedns were added together they made up 63/64ths falling just short of unity. However, when they are together they made up 63/64ths falling just short of unity. However, when they are set in the Wedjat-eye, they form a totality in which nothing is missing. In other set in the Wedjat-eye, they form a totality in which nothing is missing. In other words, the whole is shown to be greater than the sum of the individual parts. The words, the whole is shown to be greater than the sum of the individual parts. The eye
eyebrobrow = w = 1/81/8. . The eyeThe eyebalball = l = ¼. The out¼. The outsidside smale small part of the eye = ½. Thel part of the eye = ½. The out
outsiside de lolong ng parpart t of of the eye the eye = = 1/1/16. 16. The The ververtictical al liline ne desdescencendiding ng benbeneateath h thethe eyeball = 1/64. And the curled line descending away from the eyeball = 1/32.
eyeball = 1/64. And the curled line descending away from the eyeball = 1/32.
John Anthony West explains this as “the sum of successive division will always fall John Anthony West explains this as “the sum of successive division will always fall short of unity except at infinity, which is perfectly consonant with Egyptian thought: short of unity except at infinity, which is perfectly consonant with Egyptian thought: only the Absolute is one) (West p. 71)
only the Absolute is one) (West p. 71)
It seems there is some inconsistency in whether the Solar or the Lunar eye was It seems there is some inconsistency in whether the Solar or the Lunar eye was shattered. Indeed, the
shattered. Indeed, the wedjat wedjat oror Utchat Utchat eventually came to symbolise the healingeventually came to symbolise the healing powers of both the lunar and the solar eye. The important point may be that it is an powers of both the lunar and the solar eye. The important point may be that it is an eye (any eye) that was made non-functional by the intervention of Set, and which eye (any eye) that was made non-functional by the intervention of Set, and which was
was rerestostored red to to itits s nornormal mal funfunctictionioning. ng. The The resrestotoratration ion is is indindicaicated ted by by varvarianiantt symbols – the flowering of the lotuses, and the regaining of sight by Horus himself. symbols – the flowering of the lotuses, and the regaining of sight by Horus himself. Note that in the version where the lotuses flower, no God has intervened to bring Note that in the version where the lotuses flower, no God has intervened to bring this healing – it seems that the eyes of Horus by themselves have the power to this healing – it seems that the eyes of Horus by themselves have the power to bring new life to the land, despite being severed from Horus’ body by Set. In the bring new life to the land, despite being severed from Horus’ body by Set. In the other versions, it is the intervention of another God in actually bringing the eye other versions, it is the intervention of another God in actually bringing the eye back to Horus that
back to Horus that enables the Restoration.enables the Restoration.
Note that in the creation myth of Heliopolis, man is created by the tears that fall Note that in the creation myth of Heliopolis, man is created by the tears that fall from the Eye of Atum, which he had previously removed from his face and from the Eye of Atum, which he had previously removed from his face and filled with his own power, elevated to the status of the daughter goddess filled with his own power, elevated to the status of the daughter goddess Hathor/Sekhmet. After this goddess brought back Shu and Tefnut to their Hathor/Sekhmet. After this goddess brought back Shu and Tefnut to their father, Atum wept for joy, and later placed the Eye on his forehead in the father, Atum wept for joy, and later placed the Eye on his forehead in the form of a cobra
form of a cobra (wadjet (wadjet ). In one version of the myth Atum thus places the). In one version of the myth Atum thus places the ‘first’ Eye there because when he had sent the first Eye to find his children, ‘first’ Eye there because when he had sent the first Eye to find his children, he had to create another Eye to enable him to see. The first eye became jealous of he had to create another Eye to enable him to see. The first eye became jealous of this second eye, and Re had to
this second eye, and Re had to console it by placing it upon his head like a console it by placing it upon his head like a diadem.diadem. Later in the myth of the Contests of Seth and Horus, as pointed out by Alison Later in the myth of the Contests of Seth and Horus, as pointed out by Alison Roberts, “the re-emergence of light from Seth’s head, in the form of the crescent Roberts, “the re-emergence of light from Seth’s head, in the form of the crescent moon-disk, is interpreted in texts as the birth both of Thoth, ‘the cutter’, and of moon-disk, is interpreted in texts as the birth both of Thoth, ‘the cutter’, and of each month’s new moon. It is also the rebirth of the sound Eye of Horus – the each month’s new moon. It is also the rebirth of the sound Eye of Horus – the Wedjat-Eye – which has passed through Seth’s body and been restored into a new Wedjat-Eye – which has passed through Seth’s body and been restored into a new and fuller life”. (Roberts p.
and fuller life”. (Roberts p. 110).110).
The restoration of Horus as the ultimate inheritor of the lordship of the Earth was The restoration of Horus as the ultimate inheritor of the lordship of the Earth was regularly enacted as a ritual drama in temple ceremonies so that Egypt remained regularly enacted as a ritual drama in temple ceremonies so that Egypt remained
united: “The white crown (Upper Egypt) is the Eye of Horus, united: “The white crown (Upper Egypt) is the Eye of Horus,
the red cr
the red crown (Delta) own (Delta) is the Eyis the Eye of Hore of Horus”. us”. NoteNote that due to this equation of the White and Red that due to this equation of the White and Red Cr
speculate that one crown is the solar eye, and the other equates to the Lunar eye. speculate that one crown is the solar eye, and the other equates to the Lunar eye. But which equates to which?
But which equates to which?
The White Crown is the Wadjet (Cobra) and also the Eye of Atum (Hathor/Sekhmet). The White Crown is the Wadjet (Cobra) and also the Eye of Atum (Hathor/Sekhmet). T
The he ReRed d CrCrowown n is is ththat at of of NeNekhkhebebet et (V(Vulultuturere) ) . . NeNeititheher r of of ththesese e gogods ds seseememss particularly solar or lunar? If
particularly solar or lunar? If Wadjet Wadjet equates toequates to Wedjat Wedjat one could posit that theone could posit that the White Crown equates to the Lunar Eye, and by extension the Red Crown would be White Crown equates to the Lunar Eye, and by extension the Red Crown would be the Sol
the Solar Eye. ar Eye. CerCertaitainlnly y the Solthe Solar symbar symbololism wouism would fit ld fit UppUpper Egypt in er Egypt in thathat t thethe So
Soututh h is is ththe e reregigion on of of fifiererce ce heheatat, , wiwind nd etetc c whwhicich h cocoululd d be be sosolalarr ass
associociatiationsons. . LiLikewkewiseise, , LunLunar ar symsymbolbolism ism relrelateates s to to watwater, er, and and thethe Lunar Eye being placed in the North (i.e. Lower Egypt)
Lunar Eye being placed in the North (i.e. Lower Egypt)
Fits well with the expansive nature of the Nile Delta in that region. Fits well with the expansive nature of the Nile Delta in that region.
Th
The e EyEyes es of of HoHorurus s anand d BBicicamamereral al CoConsnsciciouousnsnesesss
Now consider modern-day right-brain/left-brain theory. Can this be allocated to the Now consider modern-day right-brain/left-brain theory. Can this be allocated to the Sun/Moon, Left Eye/Right Eye? Firstly, each side of the brain controls the
Sun/Moon, Left Eye/Right Eye? Firstly, each side of the brain controls the oppositeopposite si
side de oof f ththe e hhumuman an bobodydy. . ThThe e llefeft t hhalalf f oof f ththe e bbraraiin n iis s llogogiic c anand d llanangguauagge,e, concentrated, analytic, serial and controls the right side of the body. The right half concentrated, analytic, serial and controls the right side of the body. The right half of
of the the brbrainain, , whiwhich ch is is inintuituitiotion n and and patpattertern n recrecognognitiition, on, gloglobalbal, , spaspatiotiotemtemporporal,al, controls the left half of the
controls the left half of the body. The right brain helps us enjoy body. The right brain helps us enjoy music but accordingmusic but according to Wilson, “where language is concerned this other person is almost an imbecile…. to Wilson, “where language is concerned this other person is almost an imbecile…. In effect the
In effect the left-brain person is a scientist, the right-brain an artist”. Wilson equatesleft-brain person is a scientist, the right-brain an artist”. Wilson equates the Left Brain with the normal sense of self, and self-consciousness, in fact what he the Left Brain with the normal sense of self, and self-consciousness, in fact what he calls “the false me” whereas the Right Brain is where the sense of identity “moves calls “the false me” whereas the Right Brain is where the sense of identity “moves to” when enjoying music or poetry. Also “the business of the left is to ‘cope’ with to” when enjoying music or poetry. Also “the business of the left is to ‘cope’ with everyday problems. The business of the right is to deal with our inner-states and everyday problems. The business of the right is to deal with our inner-states and feelings”. (Wilson p. 25) Wilson considers that the Right half gives us more energy, feelings”. (Wilson p. 25) Wilson considers that the Right half gives us more energy, …
…
One could call the left Brain the Objective (or Phenomenal) mind, and the Right One could call the left Brain the Objective (or Phenomenal) mind, and the Right Brain the Subjective (or Noumenal) Mind. “For all practical purposes, we shall not Brain the Subjective (or Noumenal) Mind. “For all practical purposes, we shall not gogo far wrong is we
far wrong is we treat ‘unconscious’ as a synonym for treat ‘unconscious’ as a synonym for ‘right-brain’.” (Wil‘right-brain’.” (Wilson p. 104)son p. 104) The Left Eye is passive/lunar, the right eye active/solar. This would fit. The left eye The Left Eye is passive/lunar, the right eye active/solar. This would fit. The left eye of Horus (as in the human body) would be controlled (along with all other functions of Horus (as in the human body) would be controlled (along with all other functions of the left side, eg
The Right eye then, would be controlled (along with all other functions of the right The Right eye then, would be controlled (along with all other functions of the right
side, eg right arm, right leg etc), by the
side, eg right arm, right leg etc), by the Left Brain.Left Brain.
To which eye would the Fractionated Eye be equated? If one takes the mathematics To which eye would the Fractionated Eye be equated? If one takes the mathematics represented by the measuring function as logical/scientific and therefore as typical represented by the measuring function as logical/scientific and therefore as typical of Left Brain activity, then it
of Left Brain activity, then it would seem right to equate the Fractionated Eye would seem right to equate the Fractionated Eye to theto the Right/Solar Eye. However, fractions may be more related to pattern recognition (i.e. Right/Solar Eye. However, fractions may be more related to pattern recognition (i.e. typical of Right Brain activity), in that it involves recognition of the parts that go to typical of Right Brain activity), in that it involves recognition of the parts that go to make up a whole, and in that case it would make sense to equate the Fractionated make up a whole, and in that case it would make sense to equate the Fractionated Eye to the Left/Lunar Eye. This seems to me also to fit in with the missing 64
Eye to the Left/Lunar Eye. This seems to me also to fit in with the missing 64thth part,part,
for the “whole being more than the sum of the parts” (or synergy) is an for the “whole being more than the sum of the parts” (or synergy) is an intuitive-type insight. Thus it seems “intuitively” right to assign the Fractionated Eye to the type insight. Thus it seems “intuitively” right to assign the Fractionated Eye to the Wedjat-eye, which seems to highlight the
Wedjat-eye, which seems to highlight the Wedjat Eye as symbolising the Synergy Wedjat Eye as symbolising the Synergy of of the Whole. [The Right/Solar Eye then would be more a symbol of language and the Whole. [The Right/Solar Eye then would be more a symbol of language and logic].
logic].
Could it be that in the Myth of the Eyes of Horus the Egyptians anticipated (or Could it be that in the Myth of the Eyes of Horus the Egyptians anticipated (or expressed) knowledge of
expressed) knowledge of bicameral consciousness?bicameral consciousness?
The Left (Wedjat) Eye then would actually represent the typical functions of the The Left (Wedjat) Eye then would actually represent the typical functions of the Right Brain – intuitive etc. Could it be that the stress the Egyptians laid on the Right Brain – intuitive etc. Could it be that the stress the Egyptians laid on the restoration of the Left Eye, its importance as the “restored” or “healthy” eye, was restoration of the Left Eye, its importance as the “restored” or “healthy” eye, was their way of stressing the
their way of stressing the importance of the intuitive functions of the importance of the intuitive functions of the Right Brain???Right Brain??? Th
The e RiRight ght Eye Eye wowould uld reprepresresent ent the the typtypicaical l funfunctictionons s of of the the LefLeft-bt-brairain n – – lologicgical,al, language-orient
language-oriented. This orientation would fit with the ed. This orientation would fit with the fact it is Thoth fact it is Thoth (god of writing,(god of writing, represented as a scribe) who restores the Right Eye.
represented as a scribe) who restores the Right Eye. In
In terterms ms of of brabrain in phyphysiosiologlogy, y, the the equequivivalealence nce proproposposed ed aboabove ve betbetweeween n WhiWhitete Crow
Crown/Lon/Lower wer EgyptEgypt/Left /Left Eye/Eye/Lunar Lunar and and Red Red CrowCrown/Uppn/Upper er EgypEgypt/Rit/Right ght Eye/SEye/Solarolar would imply that Lower Egypt had
would imply that Lower Egypt had an emphasis on right-brained intuitive thinking oran emphasis on right-brained intuitive thinking or behaviour? And likewise that in the North, the left-brain tended to predominate? behaviour? And likewise that in the North, the left-brain tended to predominate? This is tenuous.
This is tenuous.
Now, the bridge or link in the human brain between the two separate halves is the Now, the bridge or link in the human brain between the two separate halves is the Corp
Corpus us CallCallosum (or osum (or commcommissuissure). re). The The corpcorpus us callcallosum provideosum provides s neuroneurologilogical cal ““ wiring”, a mass of millions of nerve fibres between the two separate hemispheres. wiring”, a mass of millions of nerve fibres between the two separate hemispheres. Supposedly the brain to be “whole” requires the corpus callosum to be operating. Supposedly the brain to be “whole” requires the corpus callosum to be operating. Wilson compares this good level of operation to the co-operation of two tennis Wilson compares this good level of operation to the co-operation of two tennis players spurring each on to
players spurring each on to play more brilliantly (p. 25).play more brilliantly (p. 25).
If the Eyes of Horus represented separate brain halves, or even the two separate If the Eyes of Horus represented separate brain halves, or even the two separate minds we now know to exist within man, then how did the Egyptians account for the minds we now know to exist within man, then how did the Egyptians account for the Corpus Callosum?
Corpus Callosum?
Colin Wilson seems to say that “not many thousands of years ago, the modern Colin Wilson seems to say that “not many thousands of years ago, the modern ‘bi
‘bicamcameraeral l mimind’ nd’ ememergerged. ed. TheThen n maman’s n’s rereal al trotroublubles es begbegan: an: losloss s of of dirdirectectioion,n, alienation, the ‘divided self’, neurosis, self-mistrust. In fact, it could be argued that alienation, the ‘divided self’, neurosis, self-mistrust. In fact, it could be argued that this partitioning of consciousness was a disaster”. (p. 127). ‘We literally have two this partitioning of consciousness was a disaster”. (p. 127). ‘We literally have two brains” (p. 20).
brains” (p. 20).
We know that the Egyptians were able to perform skilled brain surgery. Whether or We know that the Egyptians were able to perform skilled brain surgery. Whether or not they were actually knowledgeable about t neurophysiology, it seems to me a not they were actually knowledgeable about t neurophysiology, it seems to me a valid exercise to look at the symbolism along these lines. It is quite compatible with valid exercise to look at the symbolism along these lines. It is quite compatible with
th
the e HiHindndu/u/yoyogigic c sysyststem em whwherereiein n ththe e IdIda a anand d PiPingngalala a nanadidis s of of ththe e susubtbtle le bobodydy represent Sun and Moon energies, and esoteric correlations of a similar nature that represent Sun and Moon energies, and esoteric correlations of a similar nature that can be made between Sun and Moon energies in alchemy, the Tree of life and the can be made between Sun and Moon energies in alchemy, the Tree of life and the structure of the subtle body. By understanding better the symbolism of the Solar structure of the subtle body. By understanding better the symbolism of the Solar and Lunar Eyes of Horus, light can be cast on these energetic polarities, and given and Lunar Eyes of Horus, light can be cast on these energetic polarities, and given the
the comcompleplex x mymystesteriries es thathat t stistill ll stastand nd at at the the dawdawninning g of of the the thithird rd mimillllennenniumium reg
regardardining g brabrain in funfunctiction, on, thethese se eneenergirgies es may may helhelp p us us undunderserstantand d somsome e of of thethe potentialiti
potentialities of es of the human brain.the human brain.
Note the connection between the eyes and the visual cortex. The latter is a region Note the connection between the eyes and the visual cortex. The latter is a region to the rear of the cerebral cortex (the wrinkled outer layer of the brain). Damage to to the rear of the cerebral cortex (the wrinkled outer layer of the brain). Damage to this area will produce blindness as much as
this area will produce blindness as much as damage to the eyes damage to the eyes themselves.themselves.
Dualities abound in Egyptian mythology, for Horus and Set themselves are poles of Dualities abound in Egyptian mythology, for Horus and Set themselves are poles of a duality, as their wives Isis and Nephthys.
a duality, as their wives Isis and Nephthys. Sexual/Yogic Energy and Polarities
Sexual/Yogic Energy and Polarities A basic theorem of the
A basic theorem of the Brotherhood of Eulis (aka the Hermetic Brotherhood of Light)Brotherhood of Eulis (aka the Hermetic Brotherhood of Light) fo
founundeded d ararouound nd 181881 81 by by PaPascscal al BeBeveverlrly y RaRandndololph ph (1(182825-15-187875) 5) wawas s ththat at “t“thehe Lingam (the male sexual organ) is positive, but
Lingam (the male sexual organ) is positive, but the human male brain is negative; the human male brain is negative; inin the same way is the Yoni (the female sexual organ) negative, and the female brain the same way is the Yoni (the female sexual organ) negative, and the female brain positive.
positive.
The Third Eye and the
The Third Eye and the Pineal GlandPineal Gland And
And whawhat t pospossisible ble conconnecnectitions ons doedoes s the the EgyEgyptiptianan my
myth th hahave ve wiwith th ththe e soso-c-calalleled d “t“thihird rd eyeye”e”, , ofoftetenn eq
equuatated ed wwiith th ththe e ppiineneal al ggllanand? d? ThThe e ththiirrd d eyeye e iis s an an oorrgagan n oof f spi
spirirituatual vl visisioion. n. The The pipineaneal l is is a a tintiny y ororgan gan ththat at weiweighs ghs leless ss thathan n aa tenth of a gram, and is found in modern human brains in the mid-brain, between tenth of a gram, and is found in modern human brains in the mid-brain, between the cerebellum and the thalamus. It is the only organ of the brain that doesn’t have the cerebellum and the thalamus. It is the only organ of the brain that doesn’t have ‘double’ (the two halves of the brain otherwise ‘mirror’ each other). The pineal ‘double’ (the two halves of the brain otherwise ‘mirror’ each other). The pineal pr
prododucuces es mmelelatatononinin. . AjAjna na chchakakra ra rerelalatetess
EYE
EYE OF OF HORUS HORUS ARTICLE: ARTICLE: MORE MORE NOTESNOTES Cit
Cite e de de LubLubiczicz, , SchSchwalwallerler. . TEMTEMPLE PLE OF OF MANMAN. . RocRocheshesterter, , VT:VT: Inner Traditions, 1998 (orig French as Te Temple de l’homme, Inner Traditions, 1998 (orig French as Te Temple de l’homme, 1957, 1993, 1998 Editions Deny).
1957, 1993, 1998 Editions Deny). p. 108-09 The
p. 108-09 The Symbol of Symbol of the Eye the Eye [irt = [irt = eye]eye] p. 429/30: Horus as neter of the eye
p. 429/30: Horus as neter of the eye
p. 896note that de L calls restoring and recovering the eye ‘counting’ the p. 896note that de L calls restoring and recovering the eye ‘counting’ the eye
eye
p. 896 (bottom) (also p 997) divine cloth as Eye of Horus that is in Tayt p. 896 (bottom) (also p 997) divine cloth as Eye of Horus that is in Tayt (neter of weaving)
(neter of weaving) p. 897 Eye
p. 897 Eye of Horus coming from Nekhebetof Horus coming from Nekhebet p. 253 Wedjat/musical harmony
p.899 oils that come out of the E
p.899 oils that come out of the Eye of Horusye of Horus p. 900 Eye
p. 900 Eye as ‘third state’as ‘third state’ p. 464 Brain pic
p. 464 Brain pic
p. 464/65 re: wadjet cobra p. 464/65 re: wadjet cobra p. 998 note 4 – see especially p. 998 note 4 – see especially p. 1013 and n.9
p. 1013 and n.9 same page – perfume that comes from the Eyesame page – perfume that comes from the Eye
p. 108, p. 110ff – the nekat = 3oth part of the cubic cubit, now cf the 64 p. 108, p. 110ff – the nekat = 3oth part of the cubic cubit, now cf the 64 parts to the 64 squares of chess!
parts to the 64 squares of chess! Aha!Aha! p. 1015 The Fractionated Eye
p. 1015 The Fractionated Eye
p.1016 – important – meaning of gazelle p.1016 – important – meaning of gazelle etcetc p.1018 (top) reconstitution of the eye
p.1018 (top) reconstitution of the eye p. 1020 –
p. 1020 – note ‘sundered parts rediscover one another’note ‘sundered parts rediscover one another’
Solar/lunar correlation left brain/right brain – what evidence for gender Solar/lunar correlation left brain/right brain – what evidence for gender connection eg female is rightbrain dominant, male is left-brain dominant connection eg female is rightbrain dominant, male is left-brain dominant How does ideal alchemical androgyne tie in
How does ideal alchemical androgyne tie in with whole-brain?with whole-brain?
Egyptian worldview is internally consistent, even if individual aspects are Egyptian worldview is internally consistent, even if individual aspects are mutable/seemingly contradictory.
mutable/seemingly contradictory. Bibliography
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TEXTS AND PAPYRI TEXTS AND PAPYRI
Pyramid Texts: Westcar Papyrus (text from Old Kingdom).
Pyramid Texts: Westcar Papyrus (text from Old Kingdom). The Pyramid textsThe Pyramid texts areare texts from royal tombs in the 5
texts from royal tombs in the 5thth and 6and 6thth Dynasties (2465-2150 BC). These are theDynasties (2465-2150 BC). These are the
texts of the Book of Coming Forth by Day or the Book of Coming into Light. They texts of the Book of Coming Forth by Day or the Book of Coming into Light. They lat
later er devdeveloeloped ped ininto to thethe CoffCoffin in texttextss, , whwhicich h wewere re usused ed by by alall l EgEgypyptitianans s asas inscriptions inside coffins of spells and incantations intended to help the deceased inscriptions inside coffins of spells and incantations intended to help the deceased on the journey to the hereafter. They developed about the First Intermediate Period on the journey to the hereafter. They developed about the First Intermediate Period and onward.
and onward.
STARS & STELLAR ASPECTS TO EGYPTIAN RELIGION STARS & STELLAR ASPECTS TO EGYPTIAN RELIGION
The stars were seen as the children of re, the Sun god. At some points, Hathor was The stars were seen as the children of re, the Sun god. At some points, Hathor was assimilated with the stars and known as the daughter of Re. Hathor sometimes (in assimilated with the stars and known as the daughter of Re. Hathor sometimes (in her benign aspect) depicted as a cow with stars in her
Stars and celestial lights also form the garb of Nut, the goddess depicted as a Stars and celestial lights also form the garb of Nut, the goddess depicted as a woman stretched over the horizon. She was
woman stretched over the horizon. She was supposed to eat the stars supposed to eat the stars each morningeach morning an
and d ththen en gigive ve bibirtrth h to to ththem em at at twtwililigightht. . WhWhen en huhumamans ns didie, e, acaccocordrdining g to to ththee mortuary rituals
mortuary rituals, they ascend to Nut as , they ascend to Nut as stars in her heavenly abode.stars in her heavenly abode.
SIRIUS. = The Greek name for the Dogstar known to Egyptians as Spodu or Sopdet. SIRIUS. = The Greek name for the Dogstar known to Egyptians as Spodu or Sopdet. (Sothis?) .
(Sothis?) .
OGDOAD OGDOAD
Deities in the creation myth of Hermopolis (Khemnu) – main site of worship of Deities in the creation myth of Hermopolis (Khemnu) – main site of worship of THOTH.
THOTH.
Water = Nun and Naunet, Water = Nun and Naunet, Darkness = Kek and Kauket, Darkness = Kek and Kauket, Infinity = Heh and Hauhet, Infinity = Heh and Hauhet, Hidden p
Hidden power = ower = Amun Amun and Amand Amaunet.aunet. Th
The e mamale le memmemberbers s of of the the OgOgdoadoad d werwere e alwalways ays depdepicticted ed as as frofrog-hg-headeaded. ed. TheThe female divinities were serpent-headed.
female divinities were serpent-headed.
RE: HADIT RE: HADIT T
The he “H“Hududetet” ” wawas s a a wiwingnged ed foform rm of of ththe e anancicienent t EgEgypyptitian an gogod d ReRe’, ’, cacalllled ed ththee “
“SpSpllenendodourur””. . TThe he HHuudedet t wwas as iincncoorrpoporratated ed iinnto to ththe e cucullttiic c ririttuaualls s at at EEdfdfuu,, commemorating the traditional myths about Horus. That falcon deity soared into commemorating the traditional myths about Horus. That falcon deity soared into the heavens to scout for
the heavens to scout for the enemies of the king in the enemies of the king in these tales, becoming athese tales, becoming a wingedwinged disk
disk in order to strike at the demons of evil.in order to strike at the demons of evil.
THE HOUSE OF LIFE (PER-ANKH) THE HOUSE OF LIFE (PER-ANKH)
The Egyptian Per-Ankh (House of life) was an institution that served as a depository The Egyptian Per-Ankh (House of life) was an institution that served as a depository
or
or scscririptptororiuium m fofor r tetextxts. s. ReReseseararch ch wwas as cocondnducucteted d ththerere e bebecacaususe e memedidicacal,l, astronomi
astronomical and mathematical texts perhaps were maintained there and cal and mathematical texts perhaps were maintained there and copied bycopied by scribes. The institution served as a workshop where sacred books were composed scribes. The institution served as a workshop where sacred books were composed and written by the ranking scholars of the times.
