CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide

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The

CAESAR IIQuick Reference Guide

is intended to aid users in quickly identifying

needed information and to resolve common questions and problems. This

Reference Guide is distributed with each copy of the software and users are urged

to copy the Reference Guide as necessary.

Comments and suggestions concerning

CAESAR II

, the User Guide, or the Quick

Reference Guide are always welcome. Users with problems, questions, or

suggestions can contact the

COADE

Development/Support staff at:

[email protected]

.

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide Table of Contents

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide Version 5.10...1

CAESAR II Software ...2

CAESAR II Pipe Stress Seminars ...2

System Requirements ...3

Troubleshooting...3

CAESAR II Interfaces ...3

Piping Codes...4

Restraints ...5

Setup File Directives List ...6

List of Materials...11

CAESAR II Intersection Types ...12

Code Stresses ...13

Node Locations on Bends...24

CAESAR II Quality Assurance Manual ...26

Mechanical Engineering News ...26

Additional COADE Software Programs...26

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CAESAR II Software

CAESAR II

is an advanced PC based tool for the engineer who designs or analyzes

piping systems.

CAESAR II

uses input spreadsheets, on-line help, graphics, and

extensive error detection procedures to facilitate timely operation and solution.

CAESAR II

is capable of analyzing large piping models, structural steel models, or

combined models, both statically and dynamically. ASME, B31, WRC, and

rotating equipment reports combine to provide the analyst with a complete

description of the piping system’s behavior under the applied loading conditions.

Additional technical capabilities such as out-of-core solvers, force spectrum

analysis (for water hammer and relief valve solutions), time history, and large

rotation rod hangers provide the pipe stress engineer with the most advanced

computer based piping program available today.

CAESAR II

is continuously enhanced to incorporate new technical abilities, to

provide additional functionality, and to modify existing computation procedures as

the piping codes are updated. A complete list of the most recent changes to

CAESAR II

can be found in the Chapter 1 of the User Guide. Users wanting

software sales are urged to contact the

COADE

Sales staff at:

Phone:281-890-4566 E-mail: [email protected]

FAX: 281-890-3301 Web: http://www.coade.com/product_overview.asp?varflag=CAESARII

CAESAR II Pipe Stress Seminars

COADE

offers seminars periodically to augment the Engineers knowledge of

CAESAR II

and Pipe Stress Analysis. The general seminar is held in our Houston

office and covers five days of Statics. Twice yearly we also cover five days of

Statics and three days of Dynamics. These seminars emphasize the piping codes,

static analysis, dynamic analysis, and problem solving.

Custom seminars held at client locations are also available. For additional seminar

details, please contact the

COADE

Support staff at:

seminars @coade.com

.

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System Requirements

CAESAR II

requires Windows 2000, or Windows XP Professional, with a

minimum graphic card capability of 1024x768 resolution. However, for more

efficient usage of the software, higher graphics resolutions are necessary. Usually

any hardware capable of running these operating systems will be sufficient to run

CAESAR II.

For effective use of

CAESAR II

,

COADE

recommends as a minimum

configuration:

2+ Ghz processor 1+ Gbytes of RAM

1280x1024 graphics resolution or better 256+ Mbytes of video RAM

Windows 2000 or Windows XP Professional

Please note that Windows XP Home Edition, Windows Vista Professional and Windows Vista Home Edition are not supported.

Troubleshooting

For troubleshooting and problem solving issues, refer to the

CAESAR II

Frequently

Asked Questions (FAQ) located on the

COADE

Website. To access the FAQ:

(http://www.coade.com/product_faq.asp?varflag=CAESARII&varflagmaster=)

.

CAESAR II Interfaces

There are several external interfaces which allow data transfer between

CAESAR II

and other software packages. Users can access these interfaces via the Tools menu

on the

CAESAR II Main Menu

.

CADWorx requires AUTOCAD

AUTOCAD DXF Output

COMPUTER VISION mainframe

INTERGRAPH mainframe

CADPIPE requires AUTOCAD

ISOMET mainframe PDMS mainframe

PCF Alias format

Users interested in these interfaces should contact

COADE

for further information.

We anticipate other interfaces in the future keep users updated via the newsletter or

revised documentation.

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Piping Codes

The table below displays the Piping Code, publication and/or revision date.

PIPING CODE PUBLICATION REVISION

ANSI B31.1 (2004) December 15, 2006

ANSI B31.3 (2006) May 31, 2007

ANSI B31.4 (2006) October 20, 2006

ANSI B31.4 Chapter IX (2006) October 20, 2006

ANSI B31.5 (2001) May 30, 2005

ANSI B31.8 (2003) February 6, 2004

ANSI B31.8 Chapter VIII (2003) February 6, 2004

ANSI B31.11 (2002) May 30, 2003

ASME SECT III CLASS 2 (2004) July 1, 2005

ASME SECT III CLASS 3 (2004) July 1, 2005

U.S. NAVY 505 (1984) N/A

CANADIAN Z662 (6/2003) N/A

CANADIAN Z662 Ch 11 (6/2003) N/A

BS 806 1993, ISSUE 1, SEPTEMBER 1993 N/A

SWEDISH METHOD 1 2ND EDITION STOCKHOLM 1979 N/A SWEDISH METHOD 2 2ND EDITION STOCKHOLM 1979 N/A

ANSI B31.1 (1967) N/A STOOMWEZEN (1989) N/A RCC-M C (1988) N/A RCC-M D (1988) N/A CODETI (2001) June 2004 NORWEGIAN (1999) N/A FDBR (1995) N/A BS7159 (1989) N/A UKOOA (1994) N/A IGE/TD/12 (2003) N/A DnV (1996) N/A EN-13480 (12/2006) Issue 9 GPTC/192 (1998) N/A

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Restraints

No. Restraint Type Abbreviation

1 Anchor A

2 Translational Double Acting X,Y, or Z

3 Rotational Double Acting RX, RY, or RZ

4 Guide, Double Acting GUI

5 Double Acting Limit Stop LIM

6 Translational Double Acting Snubber XSNB, YSNB, ZSNB

7 Translational Directional +X, -X, +Y, -Y, +Z, -Z

8 Rotational Directional +RX, -RX, +RY, etc.

9 Directional Limit Stop +LIM, -LIM

10 Large Rotation Rod XROD, YROD, ZROD

11 Translational Double Acting Bilinear X2, Y2, Z2 12 Rotational Double Acting Bilinear RX2, RY2, RZ2 13 Translational Directional Bilinear -X2, +Y2, -Y2, etc. 14 Rotational Double Acting Bilinear -RX2, +RY2, - RY2, etc.

15 Bottom Out Spring XSPR, YSPR, ZSPR

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Setup File Directives List

The following list represents the possible directives which can be controlled by the

user via the

CAESAR II

configuration file CAESAR.CFG. These directives can be

changed by the user through the use of the CONFIGURE-SETUP program,

accessed via Main Menu option #9. Directives are listed in groups corresponding

to the configuration program's menu options.

Geometry Directives

GEOMETRY DIRECTIVES

CONNECT GEOMETRY THRU CNODES = YES 34

MIN ALLOWED BEND ANGLE = .5000000E+01 36

MAX ALLOWED BEND ANGLE = .9500000E+02 37

BEND LENGTH ATTACHMENT PERCENT = .1000000E+01 38

MIN ANGLE TO ADJACENT BEND PT = .5000000E+01 39

LOOP CLOSURE TOLERANCE = .1000000E+01 42

THERMAL BOWING HORIZONTAL TOLERANCE = .1000000E-03 92

AUTO NODE NUMBER INCREMENT= 1000000E+02 109

Z AXIS UP NO 129

Computation Control

COMPUTATION CONTROL

USE PRESSURE STIFFENING = DEFAULT 65

ALPHA TOLERANCE = .5000000E-01 33

HANGER DEFAULT RESTRAINT STIFFNESS = .1000000E+13 49

DECOMPOSITION SINGULARITY TOLERANCE = .1000000E+11 50

BEND AXIAL SHAPE = YES 51

FRICTION STIFFNESS = .1000000E+07 45

FRICTION NORMAL FORCE VARIATION = .1500000E+00 47

FRICTION ANGLE VARIATION = .1500000E+02 48

FRICTION SLIDE MULTIPLIER = .1000000E+01 46

ROD TOLERANCE = .1000000E+01 59

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COMPUTATION CONTROL

INCORE NUMERICAL CHECK = NO 60

DEFAULT TRANSLATIONAL RESTRAINT STIFFNESS .1000000E+13 98

DEFAULT ROTATIONAL RESTRAINT STIFFNESS = .1000000E+13 99

IGNORE SPRING HANGER STIFFNESS = NO 100

MISSING MASS ZPA = EXTRACTED 101

MINIMUM WALL MILL TOLERANCE = .1200000E+02 107

WRC-107 VERSION = MAR 79 1B1/2B1 119

WRC-107 INTERPOLATION = LAST VALUE 120

INCLUDE_INSULATION_IN_HYDROTEST= NO 147

AMBIENT TEMPERATURE = 70.00 135

BORDER PRESSURE = NONE 136

COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION = 0. 140

INCLUDE SPRING STIFFNESS IN FREE THERMAL

CASES = NO 141

SIFS and Stresses

SIFS AND STRESSES

REDUCED INTERSECTION = B31.1 POST1980 32

USE WRC329 = NO 62

NO REDUCED SIF FOR RFT AND WLT NO 53

B31.1 REDUCED Z FIX = YES 54

CLASS 1 BRANCH FLEXIBILITY NO 55

ALL STRESS CASES CORRODED = NO 35

ADD TORSION IN SL STRESS = DEFAULT 66

ADD F/A IN STRESS = DEFAULT 67

OCCASIONAL LOAD FACTOR = .000000E+00 41

DEFAULT CODE = B31.3 43

B31.3 SUSTAINED CASE SIF FACTOR = 100000E+01 40

ALLOW USERS BEND SIF = NO 52

USE SCHNEIDER = NO 63

YIELD CRITERION STRESS = MAX 3D SHEAR 108

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SIFS AND STRESSES

BASE HOOP STRESS ON = NO 57

EN-13480 use in-plane/out-plane SIF NO 133

LIBERAL ALLOWANCE = YES 137

STREE STIFFENING DUE TO PRESS = NO 138

B31.3 WELDING/CONTOUR TEE MEET B16.9 = NO 139

IMPLEMENT _B31.3_APPENDIX_P NO 144

IMPLEMENT_B31.3_CODECASE NO 145

B31.3 Sec 319.2.3(c), Saxial NO 146

PRESSURE VARIATION IN EXPANSION CASE DEFAULT =

DEFAULT 143

FRP Properties

FRP PROPERTIES

USE FRP SIF = YES 110

USE FRP FLEXIBILITY = YES 11

BS 7159 PRESSURE STIFFENING = DESIGN STRAIN 121

FRP PROPERTY DATA FILE = CAESAR.FRP 122

AXIAL MODULUS OF ELASTICITY 3200000E+07 113

RATIO SHEAR MOD : AXIAL MOD = 2500000E+00 114

AXIAL STRAIN : HOOP STRESS 1527272E+00 115

FRP LAMINATE TYPE = THREE 116

FRP ALPHA = .1200000E+02 117

FRP DENSITY = .6000000E-01 118

EXCLUDE F2 FROM BENDING STRESS (UKOOA) NO 134

Plot Colors

PLOT COLORS PIPES LIGHTCYAN 1 HIGHLIGHTS GREEN 2 LABELS GREEN 3 BACKGROUND BLACK 5 AXES LIGHTRED 15

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PLOT COLORS

HANGER/NOZZLES BROWN 16

RIGID/BENDS LIGHTGREEN 17

NODES YELLOW YELLOW 18

STRUCTURE LIGHTRED 31

DISPLACED SHAPE BROWN 30

STRESS > LEVEL 5 RED 24

STRESS > LEVEL 4 YELLOW 25

STRESS > LEVEL 3 GREEN 26

STRESS > LEVEL 2 LIGHTCYAN 27

STRESS > LEVEL 1 BLUE 28

STRESS < LEVEL 1 DARKBLUE 29

STRESS LEVEL 5 .3000000E+05 19

Database Definitions

DATABASE DEFINITIONS

STRCT DBASE = AISC89.BIN 70

VALVE & FLANGE = CADWORX.VHD 90

EXPANSION JT DATABASE = PATHWAY.JHD 91

PIPING SIZE SPECIFICATION = ANSI 88

DEFAULT SPRING HANGER TABLE = 1 112

SYSTEM DIRECTORY NAME = SYSTEM 123

UNITS FILE NAME = .ENGLISH.FIL 124

LOAD CASE TEMPLATE = .LOAD.TPL 142

ENABLE ODBC OUTPUT NO 128

APPEND RE-RUNS TO EXISTING DATA NO 126

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Miscellaneous Computations

MISCELLANEOUS COMPUTATIONS

OUTPUT REPORTS BY LOAD CASE YES 87

DISPLACEMENT NODAL SORTING YES 89

DYNAMIC INPUT EXAMPLE TEXT MAX 94

TIME HIST ANIMATE YES 104

OUTPUT TABLE OF CONTENTS ON 105

INPUT FUNCTION KEYS DISPLAYED YES 106

MEMORY ALLOCATED 12 NA

USER ID " " NA

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List of Materials

The CAESAR II Material Table contains 17 different isotropic materials.

Properties and allowed temperature ranges for each isotropic material are listed

below.

Material

No. Material Name Elastic Modulus Poisson's Ratio Pipe Density (lb./cu.in) Temperature Range (deg. F)

1 Low Carbon Steel 29.5 E6 0.292 0.28993 -325 1400

2 High Carbon Steel 29.3 E6 0.289 0.28009 -325 1400

3 Carbon Moly Steel 29.2 E6 0.289 0.28935 -325 1400

4 Low Chrome Moly Steel 29.7 E6 0.289 0.28935 -325 1400

5 Med Chrome Moly Steel 30.9 E6 0.289 0.28935 -325 1400

6 Austenitic Stainless 28.3 E6 0.292 0.28930 -325 1400

7 Straight Chromium 29.2 E6 0.305 0.28010 -325 1400

8 Type 310 Stainless 28. 3 E6 0.305 0.28990 -325 1400

9 Wrought Iron 29.5 E6 0.300 0.28070 -325 1400

10 Grey Cast Iron 13.4 E6 0.211 0.25580 70 1000

11 Monel 67% Ni/30% Cu 26.0 E6 0.315 0.31870 -325 1400 12 K-Monel 26.0 E6 0.315 0.30610 -325 1400 13 Copper Nickel 22.0 E6 0.330 0.33850 -325 1400 14 Aluminum 10.2 E6 0.330 0.10130 -325 600 15 Copper 99.8% Cu 16.0 E6 0.355 0.32270 70 400 16 Commercial Brass 17.0 E6 0.331 0.30610 -325 1200

17 Leaded Tin Bronze 1 14.0 E6 0.330 0.31890 -325 1200

In addition

CAESAR II

supports material types 18 or 19 for cut short and cut long

cold spring elements.

Material number 20 activates the CAESAR II Orthotropic Material Model (i.e.,

Fiber-glass reinforced plastic pipe); the default coefficient of expansion is 12.0 E-6

in./in./

°

F. Material 21 indicates user-defined properties.

Material numbers over 100 are from the Material Database and include the

allowable stress and other piping code data.

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CAESAR II Intersection Types

CAESAR II Type B31.3 Type Notes Sketch 1 Reinforced Reinforced Fabricated Tee Used to lower SIFs

Not a fitting Modified pipe

2 Unreinforced Unreinforced Fabricated Tee _{Routine intersection}

Not a fitting Modified pipe Usually the cheapest

3 Welded Tee Welding Tee Usually size-on-size

Governed by B16.9 Usually the lowest SIF Usually expensive

4 Sweepolet Welded-in Contour Insert Sit-in" fitting

Forged fittings on a pipe

5 Weldolet Branch Welded on Fitting "Sit-on" fitting

Forged fittings on a pipe

6 Extruded Extruded Welding Tee Seldom used

Used for thick wall manifolds Extruded from straight pipe

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Code Stresses

Listed below are the Code Stress equations for the actual and allowable stresses

used by

CAESARII

. For the listed codes, the actual stress is defined by the left

hand side of the equation and the allowable stress is defined by the right hand side.

The

CAESARII

load case label is also listed after the equation.

Typically the load case recommendations made by

CAESARII

are sufficient for

code compliance. However,

CAESARII

does not recommend occasional load

cases. Occasional loads are unknown in origin and must be specified by the user.

US Codes

Longitudinal Pressure Stress - Slp

Slp = PD0/4tn code approximation

Slp = PDi2/(D02- Di2) code exact equation, CAESAR II default

Operating Stress - unless otherwise specified

S = Slp + Fax/A + Sb < NA (OPE) B31.1 Sl = Slp + 0.75 i Ma / Z < Sh (SUS) i Mc / Z < f [ 1.25 (Sc+Sh) - Sl ] (EXP) Slp + 0.75 i Ma / Z + 0.75 i Mb / Z < k Sh (OCC) B31.3 Sl = Slp + Fax/A + Sb < Sh (SUS) sqrt (Sb2_{+ 4 St}2₎ _< _{f [ 1.25 (Sc+Sh) - Sl ]} _(EXP) Fax/A + Sb + Slp < k Sh (OCC) Sb = [sqrt ( (iiMi)2+ (i0M0)2)]/Z

ASME SECT III CLASS 2 & 3

< 1.5 Sh (SUS)

i Mc / Z < f (1.25 Sc + 0.25 Sh) + Sh -Sl (EXP)

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B31.1 (1967) and Navy Section 505

Sl = Slp + sqrt (Sb2_{+ 4 St}2₎ _< _{Sh (SUS)}

sqrt ( Sb2_{+ 4 St}2₎ _< _{f (1.25Sc + 0.25Sh + (Sh-Sl))} _(EXP)

Slp + sqrt (Sb2_{+ 4 St}2₎ _< _{k Sh} _(OCC)

B31.4

If FAC = 1.0 (fully restrained pipe)

FAC | E dT - SHOOP| + SHOOP < 0.9 (Syield) (OPE)

If FAC = 0.001 (buried, but soil restraints modeled)

Fax/A - SHOOP + Sb + SHOOP < 0.9 (Syield) (OPE)

(If Slp + Fax/A is compressive) If FAC = 0.0 (fully above ground)

Slp + Fax/A + Sb + SHOOP < 0.9 (Syield) (OPE)

(If Slp + Fax/A is compressive)

(Slp + Sb + Fax/A) (1.0 - FAC) < (0.75) (0.72) (Syield) (SUS)

sqrt ( Sb2_{+ 4 St}2₎ _< _{0.72 (Syield)}_(EXP)

(Slp + Sb + Fax/A) (1.0 - FAC) < 0.8 (Syield) (OCC)

B31.4 Chapter IX

Hoop Stress: Sh F1Sy (OPE, SUS, OCC)

Longitudinal Stress: |SL| 0.8 Sy (OPE, SUS, OCC)

Equivalent Stress: Se 0.9 Sy (OPE, SUS, OCC)

Where:

Sy= specified minimum yield strength

F1= hoop stress design factor (0.60 or 0.72, see Table A402.3.5(a) of B31.4) Sh= (Pi– Pe) D / 2t

SL= Sa+ Sbor Sa- Sb, whichever results in greater stress value Se = 2[((SL- Sh)/2)2+ St2]1/2

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B31.5 Sl = Slp + Fax/A + Sb < Sh (SUS) sqrt (Sb2_{+ 4 St}2₎ _< _{f [ 1.25 (Sc+Sh) - Sl ]} _(EXP) Fax/A + Sb + Slp < k Sh (OCC) Sb = [sqrt ( (iiMi)2+ (i0M0)2)]/Z B31.8

B31.8 For Restrained Pipe (as defined in Section 833.1):

For Straight Pipe:

Max(SL, SC) < 0.9ST (OPE)

Max(SL, SC) < 0.9ST (SUS)

SL < 0.9ST (OCC)*

and

SC < ST (OCC) *

CAESAR II prints the controlling stress of the two

SL= SP+ SX+ SB

For All Other Components

SL < 0.9ST (OPE, SUS, OCC)

B31.8 For Unrestrained Pipe (as defined in Section 833.1):

SL < 0.75ST (SUS, OCC)

SE < f[1.25(SC+ SH) – SL] (EXP)

Where:

SL = SP+ SX+ SB

SP = 0.3SHoop (for restrained pipe) = 0.5SHoop (for unrestrained pipe)

SX = R/A

SB = MB/Z (for straight pipe/bends with SIF = 1.0) = MR/Z (for other components)

SC = Max (|SHoop – SL|, sqrt[SL2– SLSHoop + SHoop2]) MR = sqrt[(0.75iiMi)2+ (0.75ioMo)2+

Mt2]

SE = ME/Z

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B31.8 For Unrestrained Pipe (as defined in Section 833.1): Continued…

S = Specified Minimum Yield Stress T = Temperature Derating Factor SH = 0.33SUT

SC = 0.33SU

SU = Specified Minimum Ultimate Tensile Stress

B31.8 Chapter VIII

Hoop Stress: Sh F1S T (OPE, SUS, OCC)

Longitudinal Stress: |SL| 0.8 S (OPE, SUS, OCC)

Equivalent Stress: Se 0.9 S (OPE, SUS, OCC)

Where:

S = Specified Minimum Yield Strength

F1= Hoop Stress Design Factor (0.50 or 0.72, see Table A842.22 of the B31.8 Code) T= Temperature Derating Factor (see Table 841.116A of the B31.8 Code)

Note: The product of S and T (i.e. the yield stress at operating temperature) is required in SH of the CAESAR II Input. Sh= (Pi– Pe) D / 2t

SL= maximum longitudinal stress (positive tensile, negative compressive) Se = 2[((SL- Sh)/2)2+ Ss2]1/2

Ss= tangential shear stress

GPTC

Slp + 0.75i Ma/Z < Syield (OPE)

Sl = Slp+Sb < 0.75(Sy)Ft (SUS)

Se = sqrt(Sb2_+4St2₎ _< _{0.72 (Syield) (EXP)}

Note: GPTC is similar to B31.8 with noted changes.

B31.11

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B31.11 Continued …

sqrt ( Sb2_{+ 4 St}2₎ _< _{0.72 (Syield)} _(EXP)

International Codes

Canadian Z662

|E dT - Sh| + Sh < 0.9 S * T (OPE)

|Fax / A - Sh| + Sb+ Sh < S * T (OPE)

(If Fax / A - Shis compressive) If FAC = 0.0 (fully above ground)

|Slp + Fax / A| + Sb+ Sh < S * T (OPE)

(If Slp + Fax / A is compressive)

Sl= 0.5Sh+ Sb < S * F * L * T (SUS, OCC)

SE= sqrt [Sb2+ 4St2] < 0.72 S * T (EXP)

RCC-M C & D

Slp + 0.75i Ma/Z < Sh (SUS)

iMc/Z < f (1.25 Sc + .25 Sh) + Sh - Sl (EXP)

Slpmax + 0.75i (Ma + Mb)/Z < 1.2 Sh (OCC)

Stoomwezen

Slp + 0.75i Ma/Z < f (SUS)

iMc/Z < fe (EXP)

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CODETI

Sl = Slp + Fax/A + Sb < Sh (SUS)

sqrt (Sb2_{+ 4St}2₎ _< _{f [1.25 (Sl + Sh)] - Sl} _(EXP)

Slp + Fax/A + iMa/Z + iMb/Z < Ksh (OCC)

Sb = [ Sqrt ((iiMi)2+ (i0M0)2] /Z Norwegian 2 PDi .75Ma SI = ₂ ₂ Z Eff(D₀ D )₁ + (SUS) iMc/Z < Sh + Sr - Sl (EXP) 2 _{.75i (Ma + Mb)} PmaxDi + ₂ ₂ Z Eff(D -D ) ₀ _i (OCC) M = sqrt (Mx2+ My2+ Mz2) Sr= Minimum of 1.25 Sc + 0.25 Sh; FrRs-F2; or Fr(1.25R1+ 0.25R2)

The latter applies to temperatures over 370°C; 425°C for Austenitic stainless steel Fr= Cyclic reduction factor

Rs= Permissible extent of stress for 7000 cycles R1= Minimum of Sc and 0.267 Rm

R2= Minimum of Sh and 0.367 Rm

Rm= Ultimate tensile strength at room temperature

FDBR

Sl = Slp + 0.75 i Ma / Z < Sh (SUS)

i Mc / Z < f [ 1.25 (Sc+Sh) - Sl ] (EXP)

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BS 7159 If Sxis tensile: < Sh (OPE) 2 2 sqrt (S_x +4S )_s and 2 2 sqrt (S +4S )_s < Sh*EH/EA (OPE) or, if Sxis compressive: S + _x_Sx < Sh*EH/EA (OPE) and Sx < 1.25Sh (OPE)

( )

2 2 P D_m [sqrt((i M ) +(i_{xi i} _{xo o}M ) )] S = +_x 4t Z

( )

2 2 P D_m [sqrt((i M ) +(i_{xi i} _{xo o}_{M ) )] F}_x - - _A 4t Z

(If Fx/A > P(Dm)/(4t), and it is compressive)

( )

MP Dm

S = 2t

for straight pipes

( )

2 2 [sqrt((i M ) +(i M ) )] MP D_m _{i i} _{o o} + 2t Z = for bends

( )

2 2 MP D_m [sqrt((i M ) +(i_{i i} _{o o}M ) )] + 2t Z x x = for tees

Dmand t are always for the Run Pipe Eff = Ratio of E to Ex

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UKOOA

ab_(f

2/r) + PDm/ (4t) < (f1f2LTHS) / 2.0 Where:

P = design pressure Dm = pipe mean diameter t = pipe wall thickness

f1 = factor of safety for 97.5% lower confidence limit, usually 0.85 f2= system factory of safety, usually 0.67

ab _{= axial bending stress due to mechanical loads} r = a(0:1) / a(2:1)

a(0:1) = long term axial tensile strength in absence of pressure load a(2:1) = long term axial tensile strength in under only pressure loading LTHS = long term hydrostatic strength (hoop stress allowable)

BS 806 Straight Pipe < SAOPE fc = sqrt(F2+ 4fs2) < SASUS < SAEXP fs = Mt(d + 2t) / 4I F = max (ft, fL) ft = pd/2t + 0.5p fL = pd2/[4t(d + t)] + (d + 2t)[sqrt(mi2+ mo2)] / 2I Bends < SAOPE fc = sqrt (F2+ 4 fs2) < SASUS < SAEXP fs = Mt (d + 2t) /4I F = max (ft, fL) ft = r/I * sqrt[(miFTi)2+ (m0FTo)2] fs = r/I * sqrt[(miFLi)2+ (m0FLo)2]

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BS 806 Continued … Branch Junctions < SAOPE fcb = q * sqrt[fb2+ 4fsb2] < SASUS < SAEXP fb = (d + t)*p*m/(2t) + r/I*sqrt[(miFTL)2+ (moFTO)2] Fsb = Mt (d + 2t) / 4I

q = 1.0 except for operating cases = 5 or .44 bases on d2/d1ratio in operating cases

m = geometric parameter

EXP SA= min[(H*Sproof ambient + H*Sproof design); (H*Sproof ambient + F)]

OPE SA= Savg rupture at design temperature

SUS SA= min[.8*Sproof, Screep rupture]

Det Norske Veritas (DNV)

Hoop Stress: Sh nsSMYS Hoop Stress: Sh nuSMTS

Longitudinal Stress: SL n SMYS Equivalent Stress: Se n SMYS Where:

Sh = (Pi– Pe) (D – t) / 2t

ns = hoop stress yield usage factor Tables C1 and C2 of DNV

SMYS = specified minimum yield strength, at operating temperature

nu = hoop stress bursting usage factor Tables C1 and C2 of DNV

SMTS = specified minimum tensile strength, at operating temperature

SL = maximum longitudinal stress

n = equivalent stress usage factor Table C4 of

DNV

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EN-13480

< Kfn (SUS)

< fn+ fh (EXP)

< Kfn (OCC)

EN-13480 Alternate Option

due to primary loads

< Kfn (SUS)

< fn+ fh (EXP)

< Kfn (OCC)

due to occasional loads

PD8010 Part 1

Hoop Stress Sh< aeSy (OPE, SUS, OCC)

Equivalent Stress Se< 0.9Sy (OPE, SUS, OCC)

Where:

Sy = specified minimum yield strength

e = weld joint factor

a = design factor

Sh

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PD8010 Part 1 Continued …

Shl hoop stress using nominal dimensions

ST=

SL Based on restrained/unrestrained status

SLfor unrestrained piping SLfor restrained piping

Fax/A - SHOOP + Sb + SHOOP < 0.9 (Syield) (OPE)

sqrt ( Sb2_{+ 4 St}2₎ _< _{0.72 (Syield)}_(EXP)

PD8010 Part 2

Hoop Stress Sh< fdhSy (OPE, SUS, OCC)

Equivalent Stress Se< fdeSy (OPE, SUS, OCC)

Where:

Sy specified minimum yield strength

fdh hoop stress design factor (See Table 2)

fde equivalent stress design factor (See Table 2)

Sh=

Se=

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Node Locations on Bends

Bends are defined by the element entering the bend and the element leaving the bend. The actual bend curvature is always physically at the TO end of the element entering the bend.

The element leaving a bend must appear immediately after the element defining (entering) the bend.

The default bend radius is 1.5 times the pipe nominal OD.

For stress and displacement output the TO node of the element entering the bend is located geometrically at the FAR point on the bend. The FAR point is at the weld line of the bend, and adjacent to the straight element leaving the bend.

The NEAR point on the bend is at the weld line of the bend, and adjacent to the straight element entering the bend.

The FROM point on the element is located at the NEAR point of the bend if the total length of the element as specified in the DX, DY and DZ fields is equal to: Radius * tan( Beta / 2 ) where “Beta” is the bend angle, and Radius is the bend radius of curvature to the bend centerline. Nodes defined in the Angle # and Node # fields are placed at the given angle on the bend curvature. The angle starts with zero degrees at the NEAR point on the bend and goes to “Beta” degrees at the FAR point of the bend.

Angles are always entered in degrees.

By default, nodes on the bend curvature cannot be specified within five (5) degrees of one another or within five degrees of the nearest end point. This and other bend settings may be changed through the Main Menu, Configure-Setup processor.

When the FROM node on the element entering the bend is not at the bend NEAR point a node may be placed at the near point of the bend by entering an Angle # on the bend spreadsheet equal to 0.0 degrees. For more information see the following figure.

When defining a bend element for the first time in the pipe spreadsheet, nodes are automatically placed at the near and mid point of the bend. The generated midpoint node number is one less than the TO node number on the element, and the generated near point node number is two less than the TO node number on the element. A near point should always be included in the model in tight, highly formed piping systems. The top-left figure below shows the points on the bend as they would be input. The top-right figure shows the actual geometric location of the points on the bend. The bottom-left figure shows the same geometry except that two nodes are defined on the bend curvature at angles of zero and forty-five degrees.

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For an animated tutorial on modeling bends, select the ANIMATED TUTORIALS option on the Help

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CAESAR II Quality Assurance Manual

The

CAESAR II

Quality Assurance Manual is intended to serve as a publicly

available verification document. This manual discusses (briefly) the current

industry QA standards, the

COADE

QA standard, a series of benchmark jobs, and

instructions for users implementing QA procedures on their own hardware.

The benchmark jobs consist of comparisons to published data by ASME and the

NRC. Additional test jobs compare

CAESAR II

results to other industry programs.

For additional information on the Quality Assurance Manual, please contact the

sales department at [email protected].

Mechanical Engineering News

As an aid to the users of

COADE

software products,

COADE

publishes Mechanical

Engineering News several times a year. This publication contains discussions on

recent developments that affect users, and technical features illustrating modeling

techniques and software applications.

This newsletter is sent to all users of

COADE

software at the time of publication.

Back issues can be acquired by contacting the

COADE

sales staff.

Additional COADE Software Programs

CADWorx Plant

- An AutoCAD based plant design/drafting program with a

bi-directional data transfer link to

CAESAR II

.

CADWorx

allows models to be created

in ortho, iso, 2D or 3D modes.

CADWorx

template specifications, contained with

built in auto routing, auto iso, stress iso, auto dimensioning, complete libraries,

center of gravity calculations, and bill of materials, provides the most complete

plant design package to designers.

CodeCalc

- A program for the design or analysis of pressure vessel components.

CodeCalc

capabilities include: analysis of tubesheets, rectangular vessels, flanges,

nozzles, Zick Analysis, and the standard internal/external thickness and pressure

computations on heads, shells, and cones. API 579 calculations are also included.

PV Elite

- A comprehensive program for the design or analysis of vertical and

horizontal vessels. Pressure Vessel Codes include ASME VIII-1 and VIII-2,

PD:5500 and EN-13445.

PVElite

includes all of the

CodeCalc

functionality.

TANK

- A program for the design or rerating of API-650/653 storage tanks. The

program includes API 650 Appendices A, E, F, M, P, and S, as well as API 653

Appendix B. Computations address: winds girders, conical roof design, allowed

fluid heights, and remaining corrosion allowance.

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A

Additional COADE Software Programs • 26 ASME SECT III CLASS 2 & 3 • 13

B

B31.1 • 13

B31.1 (1967) and Navy Section 505 • 14 B31.11 • 16, 17 B31.3 • 13 B31.4 • 14 B31.4 Chapter IX • 14 B31.5 • 15 B31.8 • 15 B31.8 Chapter VIII • 16 Bends • 20 Branch Junctions • 21 BS 7159 • 19 BS 806 • 20, 21 C CAESAR II Interfaces • 3

CAESAR II Intersection Types • 12 CAESAR II Pipe Stress Seminars • 2

CAESAR II Quality Assurance Manual • 26 CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide Version

5.10 • 1 CAESAR II Software • 2 Canadian Z662 • 17 Code Stresses • 13 CODETI • 18 Computation Control • 6 D Database Definitions • 9

Det Norske Veritas (DNV) • 21

E EN-13480 • 22 F FDBR • 18 G Geometry Directives • 6 GPTC • 16 I International Stresses • 17 L List of Materials • 11 M

Mechanical Engineering News • 26 Miscellaneous Computations • 10

N

Node Locations on Bends • 24 Norwegian • 18 P Piping Codes • 4 Plot Colors • 8 R RCC-M C & D • 17 Restraints • 5 S

Setup File Directives List • 6 SIFS and Stresses • 7

Stoomwezen • 17 System Requirements • 3 T Troubleshooting • 3 U UKOOA • 20 US Codes • 13

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12777 Jones Road Suite 480

Houston, Texas 77070

Phone: (281)890-4566

Fax: (281)890-3301

Email:

[email protected]

Web:

www.coade.com

CAESAR II

Quick Reference Guide Version 5.10