Ʉɨɪɨɥɺɜ ɂ. Ɋ. əɞɟɪɧɨ-ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɣɧɚɹ ɬɚɤɫɨɧɨɦɢɹ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɰɟɜ
ɧɚɫɬɢɦɭɥɵ ‘cooperativity’ ɢ ‘cooperative language personality’.
ȼɫɬɚɬɶɟɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɚɹɞɟɪɧɨ-ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɣɧɚɹɬɚɤɫɨɧɨɦɿɹɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɧɵɯɪɟɚɤɰɢɣɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɰɟɜ ɧɚ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɵ ‘cooperativity’ ɢ ‘cooperative language personality’. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɰɢɨ-, ɩɫɢɯɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɧɵɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɵ ‘cooperativity’ ɢ ‘cooperative language personality’, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɬɢɩɨɥɨɝɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɧɚ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɵ ‘cooperativity’ ɢ ‘cooperative language personality’, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɨɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɞɟɪɧɨ-ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɬɚɤɫɨɧɨɦɢɢ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɧɵɯɪɟɚɤɰɢɣɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɰɟɜɧɚɫɬɢɦɭɥɵ ‘cooperativity’ ɢ ‘cooperative language personality’.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɹɞɟɪɧɨ-ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɣɧɚɹ ɬɚɤɫɨɧɨɦɢɹ, ‘cooperativity’ ɢ ‘cooperative language personality’, ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɧɵɟɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ, ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɰɟɜ, ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬ.
Korolyov I. R. Nuclear-Peripheral Taxonomy of Stereotyped Reactions to Stimuli ‘Cooperativity’ and ‘Cooperative Language Personality’ in Communicative Consciousness of Americans.
The article deals with the nuclear-peripheral organization of stereotyped reactions to stimuli 'cooperativeness' and 'cooperative language personality' in the communicative consciousness of Americans. The analysis of the empirical material obtained as a result of the social and psycholanguage experiments made it possible to identify individual and collective stereotyped reactions to stimuli ‘cooperativity’ and ‘cooperative language personality’, to systematize and typify the associative fields of individual and collective stereotyped reactions to stimuli ‘cooperativity’ and ‘cooperative language personality’, and also to establish a nuclear-peripheral organization of stereotyped reactions to stimuli ‘cooperativity’ and ‘cooperative language personality’ in the communicative consciousness of Americans.
Keywords: nuclear-peripheral organization, ‘cooperativity’ and ‘cooperative language personality’, stereotyped reactions, communicative consciousness of Americans, experiment.
ɍȾɄ 81'42:81'115
Ʌɟɦɿɲɇ. ȯ.
ɇɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɣɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɣɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
ɿɦɟɧɿɆ. ɉ. Ⱦɪɚɝɨɦɚɧɨɜɚ
ɋ
ɋɂɂɇɇɌɌȺȺɄɄɋɋɂɂɑɑɇɇɂɂɃɃɄɄɈɈɇɇɐɐȿȿɉɉɌɌəəɄɄɈɈɋɋɇɇɈɈȼȼȺȺɁɁȱȱɋɋɌɌȺȺȼȼɅɅȿȿɇɇɇɇəə ȼ
ȼ ɋɋɍɍɑɑȺȺɋɋɇɇɂɂɏɏɅɅȱȱɇɇȽȽȼȼɈɈɄɄɈɈȽȽɇɇȱȱɌɌɂɂȼȼɇɇɂɂɏɏȾȾɈɈɋɋɅɅȱȱȾȾɀɀȿȿɇɇɇɇəəɏɏ
ɍɫɬɚɬɬɿɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɢɣɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɹɤɨɫɧɨɜɭɡɿɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɫɭɱɚɫɧɢɯɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹɯɡ ɤɨɝɧɿɬɢɜɧɨ-ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫɭ. ɉɪɨɚɧɚɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɫɬɭɞɿʀ ɳɨɞɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɬɹ “ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɢɣɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ” ɿɣɨɝɨɜɢɬɥɭɦɚɱɟɧɧɹɜɡɿɫɬɚɜɧɨ-ɬɢɩɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯɩɪɚɰɹɯ. ȼɢɹɜɥɟɧɨɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɶɧɭ ɫɩɪɨɦɨɠɧɿɫɬɶ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭ ɛɭɬɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɸ ɡɿɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɡɦɿɫɬɨɜɨʀ ɿ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨʀ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɢɯ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɿɣ ɭ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɬɢɩɚɯ ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɭ. Ɍɚɤɢɣ ɩɿɞɯɿɞ ɞɚɫɬɶ ɡɦɨɝɭ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɢɜɱɚɬɢ ɧɟ ɥɢɲɟ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɿ ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɧɿ ɩɨɧɹɬɬɹ, ɚ ɣ ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɿ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɝɟɧɧɿ ɹɜɢɳɚ ɬɚ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɿʀ.
Ʉɥɸɱɨɜɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɢɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɡɿɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ, ɤɨɝɧɿɬɢɜɧɨ-ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɧɢɣ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫ, ɡɦɿɫɬɨɜɚ ɿ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭ.
Ɂɦɿɧɚ ɜ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɭɤɨɡɧɚɜɫɬɜɿ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɰɟɧɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭ ɧɚ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɤɨɫɦɿɱɧɢɣ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɽ ɩɿɞɜɚɥɢɧɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɹ ɥɿɧɝɜɨɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɟɡɭ ɭ ɏɏȱ ɫɬ.,
ɹɤɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɦɢɨɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɥɿɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢ, ɹɤ ɝɭɦɚɧɿɫɬɢɱɧɿɫɬɶ,
ɜɢɫɯɿɞɧɚɟɜɨɥɸɰɿɹ (ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɿɫɬɶɰɿɥɟɩɨɤɥɚɞɚɧɧɹ), ɰɿɥɿɫɧɿɫɬɶ ɫɜɿɬɨɝɥɹɞɭ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ – ɬɟɤɫɬɭ – ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɿɞɟɣɧɚ ɧɨɜɢɡɧɚ, ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɦɢɧɭɥɨɝɨ ɡ ʀɯɧɿɦɢ ɩɨɯɿɞɧɢɦɢ [1, ɫ. 103–104]. ɍ
ɰɶɨɦɭ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿʀ ɬɚ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɡɜ’ɹɡɨɤ ɥɿɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢ ɬɚ ɧɨɨɫɮɟɪɢ
ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɿ ɥɿɧɝɜɿɫɬɢɱɧɨʀ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢ. Ɍɚɤɚ ɟɤɫɩɥɿɤɚɰɿɹ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɚ ɡɚɜɞɹɤɢ “ɫɚɦɨɜɞɨɫɤɨɧɚɥɟɧɧɸ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɨɫɬɿ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɦɨɜɥɟɧɧɽɜɨ-ɦɢɫɥɟɧɧɽɜɿ ɤɚɧɚɥɢ”
[1, ɫ. 99], ɳɨ ɧɚɞɚɽ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨʀ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɸ ɪɿɡɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɭ ɨɞɢɧɢɰɶ, ɹɜɢɳ ɿ
ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɿɣ, ɞɨɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɞɨ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɿɣ, ɭ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɿ ɡ ɩɨɡɢɰɿɣ
ɤɨɝɧɿɬɢɜɧɨʀɥɿɧɝɜɿɫɬɢɤɢɭɡɿɫɬɚɜɧɨɦɭɚɫɩɟɤɬɿ.
ɉɟɪɲɨɱɟɪɝɨɜɢɦ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹɦ ɭ ɦɟɠɚɯ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨʀ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɽ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɢɜɧɨʀ ɨɫɧɨɜɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɿɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɹɤ ɧɚ ɤɨɝɧɿɬɢɜɧɨ-ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɧɨɦɭ (ɝɥɢɛɢɧɧɚ
ɟɤɫɩɥɿɤɚɰɿɹ), ɬɚɤ ɿ ɤɨɝɧɿɬɢɜɧɨ-ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɨɦɭ (ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɟɜɚ ɟɤɫɩɥɿɤɚɰɿɹ) ɪɿɜɧɹɯ.
ɉɨɱɢɧɚɸɱɢ ɡ ɤɿɧɰɹ ɏɏ ɫɬ. (1999 ɪ.), ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɢ ȼɨɪɨɧɟɡɶɤɨʀ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɤɨ
-ɥɿɧɝɜɿɫɬɢɱɧɨʀ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨʀ ɲɤɨɥɢ ɧɚ ɱɨɥɿ ɡ Ɂ. Ⱦ. ɉɨɩɨɜɨɸ [11, c. 27] ɜɜɨɞɹɬɶ ɭ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɢɣ
ɨɛɿɝɩɨɧɹɬɬɹ “ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɢɣɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ” ɧɚɩɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɨɞɢɧɢɰɿɤɨɝɧɿɬɢɜɧɨ-ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫɭ, ɹɤɚ ɡɚɣɦɚɽ ɩɪɨɦɿɠɧɢɣ ɪɿɜɟɧɶ ɦɿɠ ɫɭɬɨ ɦɢɫɥɟɧɧɽɜɢɦ ɬɚ ɥɿɧɝɜɚɥɶɧɢɦ,
ɜɢɯɨɞɹɱɢɧɚ ɤɨɝɧɿɬɢɜɧɿɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɢɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɬɚɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɡɚɰɿʀ (ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɿʀ
ɮɨɪɦɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɤɨɝɧɿɬɢɜɧɢɦɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɦɢ, ɡɚ Ⱦɠ. Ʌɚɤɨɮɮɨɦ [17]). ɉɪɚɜɨɦɿɪɧɿɫɬɶ
ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɡɿɫɬɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɭ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɿ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭ ɡɭɦɨɜɥɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢɬɚɦɚɧɧɿɫɬɸ ɣɨɦɭ ɝɥɢɛɢɧɧɨʀ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ ɡ ɩɥɚɧɨɦ ɡɦɿɫɬɭ ɬɚ ɩɥɚɧɨɦ ɜɢɪɚɠɟɧɧɹ [4, ɫ. 70–71; 8, ɫ. 107–108].
Ɇɟɬɚ ɫɬɚɬɬɿ – ɪɨɡɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɿɤɢ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭ ɹɤ ɨɞɢɧɢɰɿ
ɡɿɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɥɿɧɝɜɨɤɨɝɧɿɬɢɜɧɢɯɫɬɭɞɿɹɯ.
Ɂɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ:
– ɭɬɨɱɧɢɬɢɩɨɧɹɬɬɹ “ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɢɣɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ”;
– ɜɢɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭ, ɹɤɿ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɿɧɭɸɬɶ ɣɨɝɨ
ɨɛɪɚɧɧɹ ɹɤ ɨɞɢɧɢɰɿ ɡɿɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɜ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɢɯ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹɯ ɡ ɤɨɝɧɿɬɢɜɧɨ-ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫɭ;
– ɩɪɨɿɥɸɫɬɪɭɜɚɬɢ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭ ɜ ɪɨɥɿ tertium
comparationis ɧɚɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɿɞɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿɣɧɢɯɩɪɚɰɶɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɢɯɞɨɫɥɿɞɧɢɤɿɜ.
ȼɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɬɹ “ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ” ɿ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɣɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɨɥɨɝɿʀ ɡɚ ɪɿɡɧɢɦɢ
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɿɹɦɢ ɞɨɬɟɩɟɪ ɽ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ ɛɚɝɚɬɶɨɯ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɿɣ. ɇɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɘ. ȼ. Ȼɨɝɨɹɜɥɟɧɫɶɤɚ
ɡɚɡɧɚɱɚɽ, ɳɨ “ɫɤɥɚɞɧɢɣ, ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɿɜ ɡɭɦɨɜɥɸɽ ɧɚɹɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɟɥɢɤɨʀ
ɤɿɥɶɤɨɫɬɿ ɪɿɡɧɢɯɬɢɩɨɥɨɝɿɣ, ɹɤɿɜɪɚɯɨɜɭɸɬɶʀɯɧɸɩɪɢɪɨɞɭ, ɡɦɿɫɬ, ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɭɜɚɧɧɹɿɬ.ɞ.”
[2, ɫ. 8]. ȼɿɞɬɚɤ, ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɢ ɤɥɚɫɢɮɿɤɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɟɤɫɩɥɿɤɚɰɿʀ (ɧɚɩɪ.,
ɜɟɪɛɚɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɿ / ɩɪɢɯɨɜɚɧɿ – ɭ Ɂ. ɉɨɩɨɜɨʀɬɚɃ. ɋɬɟɪɧɿɧɚ), ɡɚɩɪɢɧɚɥɟɠɧɿɫɬɸɞɨɨɤɪɟɦɢɯ
ɝɪɭɩ ɧɨɫɿʀɜ (ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɿ, ɟɬɧɿɱɧɿ, ɰɢɜɿɥɿɡɚɰɿɣɧɿ, ɝɪɭɩɨɜɿ, ɿɧɞɢɜɿɞɭɚɥɶɧɿ ɬɨɳɨ), ɡɚ
ɫɮɤɪɨɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ (ɩɨɛɭɬɨɜɿ, ɧɚɭɤɨɜɿ, ɯɭɞɨɠɧɿ – Ɉ. ɘ. ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɶɨɜɚ), ɡɚ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɦ ɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɸ ɚɫɨɰɿɚɰɿɣ (ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɿɣɧɿ, ɫɮɨɪɦɨɜɚɧɿ, ɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ,
ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɿ, ɪɭɞɢɦɟɧɬɧɿ – Ƚ. ɋɥɢɲɤɿɧ), ɡɚɤɪɢɬɟɪɿɽɦ ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɿʀ ɜɦɨɜɿ (ɫɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɥɢɲɟ
ɥɟɤɫɢɱɧɿ, ɚɩɿɡɧɿɲɟɳɟɣɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɿ, ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɿ ɬɚɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɿ [2, ɫ. 9]) ɬɨɳɨ.
ȱɧɬɟɪɟɫɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɽɤɥɚɫɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɹɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɿɜ Ɇ. Ɇ. Ȼɨɥɞɢɪɽɜɚ, ɹɤɢɣɜɢɞɿɥɹɽɬɚɤɡɜɚɧɿ “ɦɢɫɥɟɧɧɽɜɿ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɤɢ”, ɫɯɟɦɢ, ɜɥɚɫɧɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɬɹ, ɩɪɨɬɨɬɢɩɢ, ɩɪɨɩɨɡɢɰɿʀ, ɮɪɟɣɦɢ,
ɫɰɟɧɚɪɿʀ (ɫɤɪɢɩɬɢ), ɝɟɲɬɚɥɶɬɢ [3, c. 36–38]. ɇɚ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɡɚɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɽ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɶɤɚ –
ɬɪɢɱɥɟɧɧɚ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɚ ɤɥɚɫɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɿɜ Ɇ. ȼ. ɉɿɦɟɧɨɜɨʀ, ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɹɤɨʀ
ɜɫɿ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɢ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɩɨɞɿɥɢɬɢ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɨɜɿ (ɤɨɫɦɿɱɧɿ, ɫɨɰɿɚɥɶɧɿ, ɩɫɢɯɿɱɧɿ / ɞɭɯɨɜɧɿ),
ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɢ-ɞɟɫɤɪɢɩɬɨɪɢ (ɞɢɦɟɧɫɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɿ, ɤɜɚɥɿɬɚɬɢɜɧɿ, ɤɜɚɧɬɢɬɚɬɢɜɧɿ) ɿ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɢ
-ɪɟɥɹɬɢɜɢ (ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɢ-ɨɰɿɧɤɢ, ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɢ-ɩɨɡɢɰɿʀ, ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɢ-ɩɪɢɜɚɬɢɜɢ) [10, c. 128–129].
Ɂɜɿɫɧɨ, ɳɨ ɦɟɠɿ ɫɬɚɬɬɿ ɧɟ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬɶ ɡɪɨɛɢɬɢ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɨɝɥɹɞ ɭɫɿɯ ɤɥɚɫɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɣ
ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɿɜ, ɬɨɠ ɧɚɩɪɹɦ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ, ɹɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɡɭɦɨɜɥɸɽ ɚɧɚɥɿɡ ɩɟɜɧɨɝɨ
ɬɢɩɭ / ɬɢɩɿɜɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭ.
əɤ ɭɠɟ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɚɥɨɫɹ, ɩɨɧɹɬɬɹ “ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɢɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ” ɡ’ɹɜɢɥɨɫɶ ɧɚɩɪɢɤɿɧɰɿ
ɋ. ȯ. Ʉɭɡɶɦɿɧɚ ɬɥɭɦɚɱɢɬɶ “ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɢɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ” ɹɤ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɸ “ɩɪɨ ɬɢɩ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɿʀ (ɫɭɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɿɜ ɿ ɜɿɞɧɨɲɟɧɧɹ, ɹɤɟ ʀɯ ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɭɽ)”, ɳɨ ɜɢɪɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɸ
ɫɯɟɦɨɸ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɜɢɝɥɹɞɿ ɬɢɩɨɜɨʀ ɩɪɨɩɨɡɢɰɿʀ (ɬɨɛɬɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɜɚɧɨʀ
ɫɭɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɿ ɫɦɢɫɥɿɜ) [5, ɫ. 90]. ɉɨɝɨɞɠɭɸɱɢɫɶ ɭ ɰɿɥɨɦɭ ɡ ɬɚɤɨɸ ɞɟɮɿɧɿɰɿɽɸ, ɩɿɞ “ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɢɦ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɨɦ” ɪɨɡɭɦɿɽɦɨ “ɚɦɛɿɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɭ ɿɞɟɚɥɶɧɭ ɨɞɢɧɢɰɸ (ɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɭ
ɫɭɬɧɿɫɬɶ) ɡ ɩɥɚɧɨɦ ɡɦɿɫɬɭ, ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɬɢɩɿɡɨɜɚɧɨɸ ɩɪɨɩɨɡɢɰɿɽɸ, ɿ ɩɥɚɧɨɦ
ɜɢɪɚɠɟɧɧɹɭɜɢɝɥɹɞɿɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨʀɫɯɟɦɢ” [7, ɫ. 12] (ɞɟɬɚɥ. ɞɢɜ. [8]).
Ɂɚɭɜɚɠɢɦɨ, ɳɨ, ɩɨɩɪɢ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɫɸɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɬɹ “ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɢɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ” ɜ
ɪɨɫɿɣɫɶɤɿɣ ɤɨɝɧɿɬɢɜɧɿɣ ɥɿɧɝɜɿɫɬɢɰɿ, ɭ ɡɚɯɿɞɧɿɣ ȯɜɪɨɩɿ, ɋɒȺ, ɧɚ ɋɯɨɞɿ ɜɨɧɨ ɳɟ ɧɟ ɽ
ɜɢɡɧɚɧɢɦ. Ɉɞɧɿɽɸ ɡ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɿʀ, ɧɚ ɧɚɲ ɪɨɡɫɭɞ, ɽ ɿɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɿɹ
ɚɧɝɥɿɣɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɚ concept ɹɤ notion, ɬɨɛɬɨ ɨɬɨɬɨɠɧɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭ ɡ ɩɨɧɹɬɬɹɦ. Ⱥ
ɬɨɦɭ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɢ “ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɢɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ” ɿ “ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɬɹ” ɧɟ ɪɨɡɪɿɡɧɹɸɬɶɫɹ, ɚ
ɨɬɠɟ, ɞɨ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɿɜ / ɩɨɧɹɬɶ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɹɬɶ ɜɫɟ, ɳɨ ɽ ɜ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫɿ, ɤɪɿɦ “ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭ” ɭ ɧɚɲɨɦɭ ɬɥɭɦɚɱɟɧɧɿ. Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɜɢɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɰɿɽʀ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ
ɦɨɠɥɢɜɟɡɚɭɦɨɜɭɩɨɪɹɞɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ / ɭɧɿɮɿɤɚɰɿʀɥɿɧɝɜɿɫɬɢɱɧɨʀɬɟɪɦɿɧɨɥɨɝɿʀ.
ɉɚɪɚɞɨɤɫɚɥɶɧɨ, ɳɨ ɬɟɨɪɿɹ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɿɜ ɛɚɡɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɭɥɚɬɚɯ
ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɨʀɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɢɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ 90-ɯɪɨɤɿɜɏɏɫɬ. Ɋ. Ⱦɠɟɤɟɧɞɨɮɮɚ, ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɶɤɨɝɨ
ɥɿɧɝɜɿɫɬɚɿ ɮɿɥɨɫɨɮɚ. ɋɚɦɟ Ɋ. Ⱦɠɟɤɟɧɞɨɮɮɩɪɢɩɭɫɬɢɜ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɫɬɶɨɩɢɫɭ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɿɜ, ɳɨ
ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɰɿɥɢɦɢ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹɦɢ, ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɤɨɦɛɿɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɢɯ
ɩɪɢɦɿɬɢɜɿɜ [12; 16]. Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɿɱɧɨʀ ɞɭɦɤɢ ɞɨɬɪɢɦɭɽɬɶɫɹ Ɇɚɣɤɥ Ƚɥɟɧɡɛɟɪɝ, ɞɨɯɨɞɹɱɢ
ɜɢɫɧɨɜɤɭ, ɳɨ “ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɿ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɢ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨɧɭ ɞɿɣɫɧɨ ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬɶ ɲɢɪɲɿ ɤɨɝɧɿɬɢɜɧɿ
ɡɞɿɛɧɨɫɬɿ” [15, ɫɥ. 52]. Ɋɨɡɜɢɜɚɸɱɢ ɰɸ ɿɞɟɸ, ɘ. ȼ. Ȼɨɝɨɹɜɥɟɧɶɫɤɚ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɚɽ, ɳɨ “ɫɥɨɜɧɢɤ ɩɪɨɩɨɧɭɽ ɿɧɞɢɜɿɞɭ-ɦɨɜɰɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ, ɚ ɡɚ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫɨɦ ɡɚɤɪɿɩɥɟɧɚ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɤɨɧɮɿɝɭɪɚɰɿɣ, ɹɤɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɭɸɬɶ ɰɿ ɩɨɧɹɬɬɹ ɜ ɤɨɦɭɧɿɤɚɬɢɜɧɿ ɮɨɪɦɢ” [2, ɫ. 12].
ɋɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɿ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɢ, ɡɚ Ɂ. Ⱦ. ɉɨɩɨɜɨɸ [11, ɫ. 27], ɿ ɽ ɬɢɩɨɜɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɩɨɡɢɰɿɹɦɢ, ɳɨ
ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɭɸɬɶ ɨɤɪɟɦɿ ɩɨɧɹɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɝɥɢɛɢɧɧɨ-ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɪɿɜɧɿ, ɡɚɤɪɿɩɥɸɸɱɢɫɶ
ɫɬɿɣɤɢɦɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɢɦɢ ɫɯɟɦɚɦɢ ɜ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɦɨɜɚɯ. əɤɳɨ ɜɜɚɠɚɬɢ (ɫɥɿɞɨɦ ɡɚ
Ɇ. Ɇ. Ȼɨɥɞɢɪɽɜɢɦ), ɳɨ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɢɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ ɜɢɧɢɤ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɝɪɚɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɜ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿ ɭɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɟɧɧɹ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ ɩɪɨ ɦɨɜɧɿ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɢ, ʀɯ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɬɚ ɜɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ, ɬɨ “ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɢɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ” ɦɨɠɧɚ ɿɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɭɜɚɬɢ ɹɤ ɛɚɝɚɬɨɜɢɦɿɪɧɢɣ ɪɿɡɧɨɜɢɞ
ɝɪɚɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭ ɧɚ ɩɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɬɢɩɨɜɢɯ ɩɪɨɩɨɡɢɰɿɣ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɧɨ-ɩɪɟɞɢɤɚɬɧɢɯ
ɜɿɞɧɨɲɟɧɶ, ɹɤ-ɨɬ: ȻɍɌɌə ɈȻ’ȯɄɌȺ ɌȺ ɃɈȽɈ ɈɁɇȺɄɂ, ɉȿɊȿȻɍȼȺɇɇə ɍ
ɉȿȼɇɈɆɍ ɋɌȺɇȱ, ȼɉɅɂȼ ɇȺ ɈȻ’ȯɄɌ ɬɨɳɨ. Ⱦɜɨɩɥɚɧɨɜɿɫɬɶ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɽɦɨɜɧɿ (ɩɪɨɩɨɡɢɰɿɣɧɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɡ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɨɸɦɨɞɟɥɥɸ) ɬɚ ɧɟɦɨɜɧɿ (ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɡɦɿɫɬ ɭ ɜɢɝɥɹɞɿ ɫɭɞɠɟɧɶ ɩɪɨ ɫɜɿɬ) ɡɧɚɧɧɹ, ɬɨɛɬɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɢɦɢ
ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭ ɽ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɿ ɫɯɟɦɢ, ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɿ ɩɨɡɢɰɿʀ ɬɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɿʀ ɨɤɪɟɦɢɯ
ɥɟɤɫɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɞɢɧɢɰɶ, ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɢɣ ɡɜ’ɹɡɨɤ, ɣɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɢ, ɳɨ ɰɿɥɿɫɧɨ ɮɿɤɫɭɸɬɶ ɩɟɜɧɢɣ
ɮɚɤɬɞɿɣɫɧɨɫɬɿɜɩɪɨɩɨɡɢɰɿʀɹɤɨɞɢɧɢɰɿɫɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ.
Ɉɬɠɟ, ɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭ ɛɭɬɢ ɪɨɡɤɥɚɞɟɧɢɦ ɧɚ ɡɦɿɫɬɨɜɭ ɬɚ
ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɿ ɿ ɽ ɬɿɽɸ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɿɱɧɨɸ ɪɢɫɨɸ, ɳɨ ɡɭɦɨɜɥɸɽ ɞɨɰɿɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɣɨɝɨ
ɨɛɪɚɧɧɹ ɹɤ ɨɞɢɧɢɰɿ ɡɿɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ / tertium comparationis ɜ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɢɯ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹɯ ɡ
ɤɨɝɧɿɬɢɜɧɨʀ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫɭ. Tertium comparationis – ɬɚɤ ɡɜɚɧɢɣ “ɬɪɟɬɿɣ ɱɥɟɧ
ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɧɹ”, ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɤɨɪɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɿ ɞɨɬɟɩɟɪ ɡɚɥɢɲɚɽɬɶɫɹ
ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɢɦɞɥɹɡɿɫɬɚɜɧɨʀɥɿɧɝɜɿɫɬɢɤɢɫɶɨɝɨɞɟɧɧɹ [14, ɫ. 153].
ɍ ɜɿɬɱɢɡɧɹɧɨɦɭ ɦɨɜɨɡɧɚɜɫɬɜɿ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɹ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭ ɹɤ ɚɦɛɿɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨʀ ɨɞɢɧɢɰɿ, ɫɩɪɨɦɨɠɧɨʀ ɫɥɭɝɭɜɚɬɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɸ ɡɿɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɨɡɜɿɞɨɤ ɡ
ɤɨɝɧɿɬɢɜɧɨʀ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫɭ, ɽ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɧɨɜɨɸ. ȼɨɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɪɨɡɪɨɛɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ
ɜɢɯɨɜɚɧɰɹɦɢ ɬɚ ɩɨɫɥɿɞɨɜɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨʀ ɲɤɨɥɢ ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚ ɮɿɥɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ,
Ɉ. ȼ. ɒɜɟɰɶ). Ⱦɚɧɿ, ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɿ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɯ ɩɨɲɭɤɿɜ, ɫɜɿɞɱɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɶ
ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɯɨɞɭ, ɜɿɞɤɪɢɜɚɸɱɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɢ ɞɥɹ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ.
ɉɪɨɿɥɸɫɬɪɭɽɦɨɧɚɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɿɞɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿɣɧɢɯɪɨɛɿɬɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɯɞɨɫɥɿɞɧɢɤɿɜ.
ȼɢɜɱɚɸɱɢɤɨɦɭɧɿɤɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɧɿ ɬɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɧɿ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ
ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ ɜ ɚɧɝɥɿɣɫɶɤɿɣ, ɧɿɞɟɪɥɚɧɞɫɶɤɿɣ, ɿɫɩɚɧɫɶɤɿɣ, ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɿɣ ɬɚ
ɪɨɫɿɣɫɶɤɿɣ ɦɨɜɚɯ, ɞɥɹɿɧɬɪɚ- ɬɚ ɤɪɨɫɥɿɧɝɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɿɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɧɢɯ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɚ, ɳɨ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɜɚɜɫɹ (ɬɨɛɬɨ ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ), ɡɚ tertium
comparationis ɇ. ȯ. Ʌɟɦɿɲ ɛɭɥɨ ɨɛɪɚɧɨ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɢɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ – ɭ ɜɢɝɥɹɞɿ ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɨʀ
ɫɟɦɟɦɢ ɧɚ ɤɨɝɧɿɬɢɜɧɨ-ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɪɿɜɧɿ ɬɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨʀ ɫɯɟɦɢ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɦɭ.
ɇɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, (ɚɧɝɥ.) ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɢɣɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɉɊɂɁȼȿȾȿɇɇə:SMB TO LEAD TO SMTH –
ɩɪɨɩɨɡɢɰɿɣɧɨ-ɡɦɿɫɬɨɜɚɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɚ (ɜɥɚɫɧɟ ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɚ ɫɟɦɟɦɚ); Nanim1 ++ Vact + Ninan3 – ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɚɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɚ (ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɫɯɟɦɚ) [7, ɫ. 12].
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɩɪɨɩɨɡɢɰɿɣɧɨ-ɡɦɿɫɬɨɜɨʀ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɨʀ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɿɜ
ɜɢɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɯɜɪɨɛɨɬɿ ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɢɯɞɨɦɿɧɚɧɬ (ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ, ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɢ, ɭɦɨɜɢ, ɞɨɩɭɫɬɭ, ɦɟɬɢ,
ɟɮɟɤɬɭ, ɜɢɫɧɨɜɤɭ, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɭ, ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɭ, ɡɚɫɨɛɭ) ɛɭɥɨ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɩɪɨɬɨɬɢɩɢ
ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭ ɄȺɍɁȺɅɖɇȱɋɌɖ. Ⱦɨɿɧɬɪɚɥɿɧɝɜɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɟɫɟɧɨɬɚɤɿ: (ɚɧɝɥ.)
ɋɄ (=ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɢɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ) ɇȺəȼɇɈɋɌȱ ɊȿɁɍɅɖɌȺɌɍ, ɳɨ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɢɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ
5 ɞɨɦɿɧɚɧɬɚɦɢ, ɋɄ ɉɊɂɁȼȿȾȿɇɇə, ɋɄ ȾɈɋəȽɇȿɇɇə, ɋɄ ȼȱȾȻɍɌɌə –
4 ɞɨɦɿɧɚɧɬɚɦɢ, (ɧɿɞ.) ɋɄ ɇȺəȼɇɈɋɌȱ ɉɊɂɑɂɇɂ, ɋɄ ɍɆɈɀɅɂȼɅɘȼȺɇɇə, ɋɄ
ȾɈɋəȽɇȿɇɇə, ɋɄ ɇȺəȼɇɈɋɌȱ ɇȺɋɅȱȾɄɍ, ɋɄ ɋɅȱȾɍȼȺɇɇə, ɋɄ ɇȺəȼɇɈɋɌȱ
ɊȿɁɍɅɖɌȺɌɍ – 3 ɞɨɦɿɧɚɧɬɚɦɢɜɤɨɠɧɨɦɭ ɡ 6 ɬɢɩɿɜ, (ɿɫɩ.) ɋɄɇȺəȼɇɈɋɌȱ ȿɎȿɄɌɍ –
5 ɞɨɦɿɧɚɧɬɚɦɢ, ɋɄ ɇȺəȼɇɈɋɌȱ ɉɊɂɑɂɇɂ, ɋɄ ɇȺəȼɇɈɋɌȱ ȾɀȿɊȿɅȺ
ɉɈɏɈȾɀȿɇɇə, ɋɄ ɇȺəȼɇɈɋɌȱ ɊȿɁɍɅɖɌȺɌɍ, ȾȱȲ – 4 ɞɨɦɿɧɚɧɬɚɦɢ, (ɭɤɪ.) ɋɄ
ɇȺəȼɇɈɋɌȱ ɊȿɁɍɅɖɌȺɌɍ – 4 ɞɨɦɿɧɚɧɬɚɦɢ, ɋɄ ɇȺəȼɇɈɋɌȱ ɉɊɂɑɂɇɂ, ɋɄ
ȼɉɅɂȼɍ, ɋɄ ȼɂɄɅɂɄȺɇɇə, ɋɄ ȼɂɉɊȺȼȾɈȼɍȼȺɇɇə, ɋɄ ȾȱȲ, ɋɄ ɇȺəȼɇɈɋɌȱ
ɇȺɋɅȱȾɄɍ – 3 ɞɨɦɿɧɚɧɬɚɦɢ, (ɪɨɫ.) ɋɄ ȼɉɅɂȼɍ, ɋɄ ɇȺəȼɇɈɋɌȱ ɇȺɋɅȱȾɄɍ – 4 ɞɨɦɿɧɚɧɬɚɦɢ, ɋɄȼɂȼȿȾȿɇɇə – 3 ɞɨɦɿɧɚɧɬɚɦɢ [7, ɫ. 28].
Ɂɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɹ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɨʀ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭ ɄȺɍɁȺɅɖɇȱɋɌɖ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɚ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɢɯ ɫɯɟɦ ɣɨɝɨ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɢɜɚɰɿʀ ɛɭɥɚ
ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɝɥɿɣɫɶɤɨʀ ɦɨɜɢ (102 ɨɞɢɧɢɰɿ), ɧɚɣɦɟɧɲɚ – ɞɥɹɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɨʀ (61), ɳɨ
ɩɪɹɦɨ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɿɣɧɨ ɞɚɧɢɦ ɫɬɨɫɨɜɧɨ ɩɪɨɩɨɡɢɰɿɣɧɨ-ɡɦɿɫɬɨɜɨʀ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɨʀ (ɚɧɝɥ. – 256,
ɭɤɪ. – 156).
Ɉɬɪɢɦɚɧɿ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭ ɞɚɧɿ ɞɚɥɢ ɡɦɨɝɭ ɡɦɨɞɟɥɸɜɚɬɢ 50 ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɢɯ ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɮɪɟɣɦɿɜ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɠɧɨʀ ɡ ɦɨɜ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ, ɡ
ɹɤɢɯ ɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɨ ɟɤɜɿɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɿ ɨɞɢɧɢɰɿ, ɡɨɤɪɟɦɚ ȼɂȾ / ɊɈɅɖ ɽ ɓɈɋɖ / ɏɌɈɋɖ ɞɿɽ
ɓɈɋɖ ɽ ɟɤɜɿɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɢɦ ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɮɪɟɣɦɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɦɿɧɚɧɬ ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ
(ɿɫɩ.) conclusión, resulta / resultado, consecuencia. ɍ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɨɦɭ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɿ ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɿ
ɮɪɟɣɦɢ ɛɭɥɨ ɨɛ’ɽɞɧɚɧɨ ɭ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɢ ɄȺɍɁȺɅɖɇȱɋɌɖ ɡ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɹɦ
ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɨɝɨɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɚɄȺɍɁȺɅɖɇȱɋɌɖ [ɬɚɦɫɚɦɨ].
Ɉɛɪɚɧɧɹ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭ ɡɚ tertium comparationis ɞɥɹ ɿɧɬɪɚ- ɬɚ
ɤɪɨɫɥɿɧɝɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɡɿɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɹɭ ɫɩɨɪɿɞɧɟɧɢɯ ɦɨɜɚɯɞɚɥɨɡɦɨɝɭɇ. ȯ. Ʌɟɦɿɲɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢ
ɧɟ ɥɢɲɟ ɩɟɜɧɿ ɩɪɨɬɨɬɢɩɢ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭ ɄȺɍɁȺɅɖɇȱɋɌɖ (ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɢɜɚɰɿʀ
ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ), ɳɨ ɭɬɜɨɪɢɥɢɫɹ ɜ ɳɟ ɜ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɨʀ ɿɧɞɨɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɨʀ
ɩɪɚɦɨɜɢ, ʀɯɚɩɪɨɬɨɬɢɩɿɱɧɿ ɬɢɩɢ (ɫɮɨɪɦɨɜɚɧɿ ɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɿɧɞɢɜɿɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɦɨɜ, ɫɨɰɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɚɞɭ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɢɯ ɩɪɿɨɪɢɬɟɬɿɜ), ɚ ɣ
ɡɦɨɞɟɥɸɜɚɬɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɿ ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɿ ɮɪɟɣɦɢ ɬɚ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɢ ɄȺɍɁȺɅɖɇȱɋɌɖ ɜ
ɚɧɝɥɿɣɫɶɤɿɣ, ɧɿɞɟɪɥɚɧɞɫɶɤɿɣ, ɿɫɩɚɧɫɶɤɿɣ, ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɿɣ ɬɚ ɪɨɫɿɣɫɶɤɿɣ ɦɨɜɚɯ, ɳɨ
ɇɚɭɜɚɝɭ ɡɚɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɽ ɣ ɪɨɡɜɿɞɤɚ ȱ. ȼ. ɇɨɜɨɫɟɥɶɰɟɜɨʀ, ɹɤɚ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɽ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɢɣ
ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɜɚɫɩɟɤɬɿɬɟɨɪɿʀɥɿɧɝɜɚɥɶɧɢɯɝɟɲɬɚɥɶɬɿɜ.
Ɂɚɡɧɚɱɚɸɱɢ, ɳɨ ɥɿɧɝɜɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɝɟɲɬɚɥɶɬ (ɭɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɞɨ ɤɨɝɧɿɬɢɜɧɨʀ ɥɿɧɝɜɿɫɬɢɤɢ
Ⱦɠ. Ʌɚɤɨɮɮɨɦ [6]), ɦɚɽ ɛɚɝɚɬɨ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɿɡɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɨɦ, ɞɨɫɥɿɞɧɢɰɹ ɫɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɽ (ɫɥɿɞɨɦ
ɡɚɈ. ɋ. Ʉɭɛɪɹɤɨɜɨɸ), ɳɨ “ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ – ɰɟɬɟɪɦɿɧɬɟɨɪɿʀɦɨɜɢ, ɬɨɞɿɹɤɝɟɲɬɚɥɶɬ – ɩɨɧɹɬɬɹ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ, ɹɤɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɿʀ ɬɚ ɨɯɨɩɥɸɽ
ɚɤɬɭɚɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɿ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ɨɡɧɚɤɢ” [9, ɫ. 5]. Ʌɿɧɝɜɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɝɟɲɬɚɥɶɬ ɭ ɪɨɛɨɬɿ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɭ ɜɢɝɥɹɞɿ ɞɜɨɯ ɩɨɥɿɜ – ɡ ɞɢɧɚɦɿɱɧɢɦɢ ɬɚ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɧɢɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ, ɹɤɿ
ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɝɟɲɬɚɥɶɬɭ ɧɚ ɦɚɤɪɨɪɿɜɧɿ. Ⱦɢɧɚɦɿɱɧɿ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɢ
ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɨɜɚɧɿ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɧɢɦɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚɦɢ ɹɤ ɮɿɝɭɪɚɦɢ ɥɿɧɝɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɟɲɬɚɥɶɬɭ, ɚ
ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɧɿ – ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɢɦɢɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ, ɫɤɥɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɣɭɫɤɥɚɞɧɟɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɱɟɧɶ,
ɳɨɭɬɜɨɪɸɸɬɶɮɨɧɥɿɧɝɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɝɟɲɬɚɥɶɬɭ.
ɋɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɢɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ, ɧɚ ɞɭɦɤɭ ȱ. ȼ. ɇɨɜɨɫɟɥɶɰɟɜɨʀ, – “ɰɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɟɜɚ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ (ɩɪɟɞɢɤɚɬɧɿ, ɫɭɪɹɞɧɿɬɚɩɿɞɪɹɞɧɿ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɿɡɜ’ɹɡɤɢ), ɹɤɚɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɚɽɫɩɨɫɿɛ
ɦɢɫɥɟɧɧɹ ɬɚɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɞɭɦɨɤ ɥɸɞɢɧɢɡɚ ɩɟɜɧɢɯɨɛɫɬɚɜɢɧ” [9, ɫ. 6] ɿ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɢɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɭ
ɜɢɝɥɹɞɿ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ, ɫɤɥɚɞɧɨɩɿɞɪɹɞɧɢɯ / ɫɤɥɚɞɧɨɫɭɪɹɞɧɢɯ
ɡɜ’ɹɡɤɿɜɬɚ ɭɫɤɥɚɞɧɟɧɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ. ȼɨɧɚ ɜɜɚɠɚɽ, ɳɨɩɪɨɩɨɡɢɰɿɹ ɬɚ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɢɣ
ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ – ɰɟ ɫɚɦ ɫɩɨɫɿɛ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɢɜɚɰɿʀ ɦɢɫɥɟɧɧɹ ɥɸɞɢɧɢ ɭ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɿɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɿʀ ɬɚ ɡɚ
ɩɟɜɧɢɯ ɨɛɫɬɚɜɢɧ. Ɍɚɤ, ɥɿɧɝɜɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɝɟɲɬɚɥɶɬ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɫɭɞɠɟɧɶ ɬɚ ɭɦɨɜɢɜɟɞɟɧɶ,
ɳɨ ɛɭɞɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɿɡ ɩɟɜɧɢɦ ɬɢɩɨɦ ɡɜ’ɹɡɤɭ (ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɢɦ
ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɨɦ). ɋɭɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɭɦɨɜɢɜɨɞɢ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɡɦɿɧɸɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɚ
ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹ, ɬɨɦɭ ɜɨɧɢ ɽ ɞɢɧɚɦɿɱɧɢɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɩɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɝɟɲɬɚɥɶɬɭ, ɚ ɫɩɨɫɿɛ
ʀɯɜɢɪɚɠɟɧɧɹ – ɣɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɧɢɣɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ, ɬɨɛɬɨɮɨɧ.
ɍ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɿ ɥɿɧɝɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɟɲɬɚɥɶɬɭ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɧɢɰɹ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɟɜɭ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɞɥɹ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢ ɩɪɨɩɨɡɢɰɿʀ, ɚ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɧɭ ɿɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɿɸ – ɩɪɢ
ɪɨɡɤɥɚɞɚɧɧɿɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɢɯɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɿɜɧɚɩɿɞɜɢɞɢ / ɦɿɤɪɨɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɢ.
Ɂɿɫɬɚɜɧɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɿɡ ɿɡ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭ ɭ ɪɨɥɿ ɨɫɧɨɜɢ ɡɿɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ (ɬɢɩɨɜɢɯ ɫɯɟɦ ɿ ɩɪɨɩɨɡɢɰɿɣ – ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɿɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ) ɞɥɹ ɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɹ
ɮɨɧɿɜ ɥɿɧɝɜɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɝɟɲɬɚɥɶɬɿɜ INVESTING / INVESTIERUNG / ȱɇȼȿɋɌɍȼȺɇɇə
/ ɂɇȼȿɋɌɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ vs. ECONOMY / WIRTSCHAFT / ȿɄɈɇɈɆȱɄȺ
/ ɗɄɈɇɈɆɂɄȺ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɢɜ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɿ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɿɪɧɢɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿɜ.
ɇɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɚɧɚɥɿɡ ɬɢɩɨɜɢɯ ɫɯɟɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɚɯ ɡ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɢ ɜɢɹɜɢɜ ɬɚɤɿ
ɿɧɜɚɪɿɚɧɬɧɿ / ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬɧɿ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɢɤɚɬɧɨ-ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɧɨʀ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ, ɹɤ-ɨɬ: (ɚɧɝɥ.)
ɿɧɜɚɪɿɚɧɬ – V + N, ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬɢ – V + prep + N, ɚɛɨ MV + V + N ɬɨɳɨ [9, ɫ. 11]. ɓɨɞɨ
ɩɪɨɩɨɡɢɰɿɣɧɨ-ɡɦɿɫɬɨɜɨʀ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɨʀ, ɬɨ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɿ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɜ
ɱɨɬɢɪɶɨɯ ɦɨɜɚɯ (ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɿ ɨɪɢɝɿɧɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɚɧɝɥɨ-, ɧɿɦɟɰɶɤɨ-, ɭɤɪɚʀɧɨ- ɿ
ɪɨɫɿɣɫɶɤɨɦɨɜɧɢɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɿɜ ɡɿ ɫɮɟɪɢ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɢ) ɭɬɜɨɪɸɸɬɶ ɞɜɚ ɦɚɤɪɨɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɢ:
ȺɄɐȱɈɇȺɅɖɇȱɋɌɖ ɬɚ ȿɄɁɂɋɌȿɇɐȱȺɅɖɇȱɋɌɖ, ɦɿɤɪɨɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɫɤɥɚɞ ɹɤɢɯ
ɜɢɹɜɥɹɽ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɧɿɠ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɢɯ ɪɢɫ. əɤɳɨ ɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɿ ɦɚɤɪɨɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭ
ȺɄɐȱɈɇȺɅɖɇȱɋɌɖ ɭ ɜɿɫɶɦɨɯ ɝɟɲɬɚɥɶɬɚɯ ɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɨ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɢɣ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɢɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɈȻ’ȯɄɌɇȱɋɌɖ, ɬɨ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɧɿ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɢ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭ
ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɸɬɶɫɹɜɤɨɠɧɨɦɭɨɤɪɟɦɨɦɭɝɟɲɬɚɥɶɬɿ (ɞɢɜ. ɬɚɛɥ. 5 ɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɟɪɚɬɭ [9, ɫ. 12].)
Ɉɬɠɟ, ɧɟɡɜɚɠɚɸɱɢ ɧɚ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɚɜɬɨɪɤɨɸ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨʀ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɭ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ
ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ 10.02.15 – ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɟ ɦɨɜɨɡɧɚɜɫɬɜɨ, ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞ ɥɿɧɝɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɟɲɬɚɥɶɬɭ ɹɤ
ɫɤɥɚɞɧɢɤɚ ɟɬɧɨɦɨɜɧɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɢ ɫɜɿɬɭ ɬɚ ɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɧɹ ɣɨɝɨ ɬɪɶɨɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɯ ɬɢɩɿɜ
(ɩɪɨɰɟɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ, ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɚ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨɜɿɞ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ ɪɟɮɟɪɟɧɰɿʀ ɫɜɿɬɭ
ɜ ɦɨɜɿ) ɜɿɞɤɪɢɜɚɽ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɡɿɫɬɚɜɧɢɯ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɿɜ
ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɢɜɚɰɿʀ ɥɿɧɝɜɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɝɟɲɬɚɥɶɬɿɜ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɫɮɟɪ ɠɢɬɬɹ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɿ ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɨʀ ɨɞɧɿɽʀ
comparationis ɭɦɨɠɥɢɜɥɸɽ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɫɨɛɿɜ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɢɜɚɰɿʀ ɥɿɧɝɜɚɥɶɧɢɯ
ɝɟɲɬɚɥɶɬɿɜ ɹɤ ɧɚ ɦɚɤɪɨ-, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɧɚ ɦɿɤɪɨɪɿɜɧɿ ɭ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚɯ ɜ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɨ
-ɞɿɚɯɪɨɧɧɨɦɭɚɫɩɟɤɬɿ.
ȱɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɽ ɣ ɞɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿɣɧɚ ɩɪɚɰɹ Ɉ. ȼ. ɒɜɟɰɹ, ɹɤɢɣ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɜɚɜ ɬɢɩɢ
ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɿɜ, ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɧɨɦɿɧɚɬɢɜɧɢɦɢ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹɦɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɧɿ ɬɚ ɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɧɿ ɬɢɩɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɜ ɚɧɝɥɿɣɫɶɤɿɣ, ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɶɤɿɣ
ɬɚɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɿɣɦɨɜɚɯ.
ɋɩɢɪɚɸɱɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɶ Ɋ. Ⱦɠɟɤɟɧɞɨɮɮɚ,
Ɇ. Ɇ. Ȼɨɥɞɢɪɽɜɚ, Ƚ. Ⱥ. ȼɨɥɨɯɿɧɨʀ, Ɂ. Ⱦ. ɉɨɩɨɜɨʀ, Ʌ. Ɉ. Ɏɭɪɫɬɚɿɧɲɢɯ, ɚɜɬɨɪ ɿɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɭɽ
ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɿ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɢ ɹɤ ɭɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɟɧɿ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɿ ɨɛɪɚɡɢ ɫɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɥɸɞɢɧɨɸɞɿɣɫɧɨɫɬɿ,
ɬɨɛɬɨ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɿ ɫɯɟɦɢ ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɿʀ ɧɨɦɿɧɚɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɪɟɱɟɧɶ, ɳɨ ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬɶ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɿɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀɞɿɣɫɧɨɫɬɿɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɚɦɢɪɿɡɧɢɯɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ.
Ɉɛɪɚɧɧɹ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭ ɡɚ tertium comparationis ɩɪɢ ɡɿɫɬɚɜɧɨɦɭ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɿ
ɧɨɦɿɧɚɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɧɚ ɤɨɝɧɿɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɿɜɧɿ e ɬɪɶɨɯ ɦɨɜɚɯ ɞɚɥɨ ɡɦɨɝɭ Ɉ. ȼ. ɒɜɟɰɸ
ɜɢɹɜɢɬɢ 6 ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɬɢɩɿɜ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɿɜ, ɹɤɿ “ɦɨɞɟɥɸɸɬɶ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɸ
ɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɭ ɩɪɨ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɢ (ȻɍɌɌə ɈȻ’ȯɄɌȺ [ɏɌɈ / ɓɈ ȱɋɇɍȯ]; ȼɈɅɈȾȱɇɇə
ɈȻ’ȯɄɌɈɆ [ɏɌɈ / ɓɈ ɇȺɅȿɀɂɌɖ ɄɈɆɍ]; ɇȿȻɍɌɌə ɈȻ’ȯɄɌȺ [ɏɌɈ / ɓɈ ɇȿ
ȱɋɇɍȯ]), ʀɯɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ (ȻɍɌɌəɈɁɇȺɄɂ ɈȻ’ȯɄɌȺ [ɏɌɈ / ɓɈȯəɄɂɆ]), ɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɨɜɭ
ɬɚ ɱɚɫɨɜɭ ɜɿɞɧɟɫɟɧɿɫɬɶɨɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ (ȻɍɌɌə ɈȻ’ȯɄɌȺɍ ɉɊɈɋɌɈɊȱȺȻɈ ɑȺɋȱ [ɏɌɈ / ɓɈ
ȱɋɇɍȯ Ⱦȿ ȺȻɈ ɄɈɅɂ]), ɫɬɚɧ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ (ȻɍɌɌə ɋɌȺɇɍ ɈȻ’ȯɄɌȺ ɌȺ ɋɌȺɇɍ
ɉɊɂɊɈȾɂ [ɏɌɈ / ɓɈ ɉȿɊȿȻɍȼȺȯ ȼ əɄɈɆɍ ɋɌȺɇȱ]) (ɪɢɫ. 1)” [13, ɫ. 7–8].) Ɉɞɧɚɤ,
ɚɜɬɨɪ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɚɽ, ɳɨ ɚɧɝɥɿɣɫɶɤɚ ɬɚ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɶɤɚ ɦɨɜɢ “ɬɹɠɿɸɬɶ ɞɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ
ɧɨɦɿɧɚɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɧɚ ɩɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ȻɍɌɌə ɈȻ’ȯɄɌȺ (43,60% ɚɧɝɥ., 25,67% ɮɪ.);
ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɚ – ȻɍɌɌə ɋɌȺɇɍ ɈȻ’ȯɄɌȺ ɌȺ ɋɌȺɇɍ ɉɊɂɊɈȾɂ (26,0%), ȻɍɌɌə
ɈȻ’ȯɄɌȺɍɉɊɈɋɌɈɊȱɌȺɑȺɋȱ (24,40%)” [13, c. 3].
ȼ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɿɣ ɪɨɛɨɬɿ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɨ, ɳɨ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɿ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɢ ɜɟɪɛɚɥɿɡɭɸɬɶɫɹ
ɧɨɦɿɧɚɬɢɜɧɢɦɢ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹɦɢ, ɹɤɢɦ ɩɪɢɬɚɦɚɧɧɿ ɹɤ ɝɪɚɦɚɬɢɱɧɿ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ
-ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɧɿɦɨɞɢɮɿɤɚɰɿʀ.
Ɉɬɠɟ, ɫɩɿɥɶɧɿ ɬɚ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɿ ɨɡɧɚɤɢ ɧɨɦɿɧɚɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɧɚ ɤɨɝɧɿɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɿɜɧɿ ɭ
ɬɪɶɨɯ ɦɨɜɚɯ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ (ɚɧɝɥɿɣɫɶɤɿɣ, ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɶɤɿɣ ɬɚ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɿɣ) ɛɭɥɨ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ
ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɿɜ, ɨɛɪɚɧɢɯ ɡɚ tertium comparationis ɞɥɹ ɡɿɫɬɚɜɧɨʀ
ɿɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɿʀɦɨɜɧɨɝɨɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɭ.
ɉɿɞɫɭɦɨɜɭɸɱɢ, ɡɚɡɧɚɱɢɦɨ, ɳɨ ɨɝɥɹɞ ɬɪɶɨɯ ɞɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɩɪɚɰɶ: ɞɨɤɬɨɪɫɶɤɨʀ,
ɡɚɯɢɳɟɧɨʀ ɭ 2015 ɪ., ɿ ɞɜɨɯ ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɫɶɤɢɯ, ɡɚɯɢɳɟɧɢɯ ɭ 2016 ɪ., ɬɚ ɚɧɚɥɿɡ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿɜ,
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɯ ɭ ɰɢɯ ɪɨɛɨɬɚɯ ɡ ɨɩɨɪɨɸ ɧɚ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɢɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ, ɫɜɿɞɱɚɬɶ ɩɪɨ
ɛɟɡɭɦɨɜɧɭ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɣɨɝɨ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɡɿɫɬɚɜɧɨ-ɬɢɩɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹɯ
ɫɶɨɝɨɞɟɧɧɹ ɭ ɪɨɥɿ tertium comparationis. ɋɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɢɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɽ ɫɚɦɟɬɿɽɸ ɨɞɢɧɢɰɟɸ,
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɹɤɨʀ ɭɦɨɠɥɢɜɥɸɽ ɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɹ ɡɦɿɫɬɨɜɨʀ ɿ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨʀ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɢɯ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɨɞɢɧɢɰɶ, ɹɜɢɳ, ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɿɣ ɧɟ ɥɢɲɟ ɭ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɬɢɩɚɯ ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɭ, ɚ ɣ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɿ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ
ɦɨɜ. Ɂɿɫɬɚɜɧɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɿɡ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɿɜ ɞɚɽ ɡɦɨɝɭ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɜɚɬɢ ɧɟ
ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɿ ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɧɿ ɩɨɧɹɬɬɹ, ɚ ɣ ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɿ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɝɟɧɧɿ ɹɜɢɳɚ ɬɚ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɿʀ.
Ɍɚɤɢɣ ɩɿɞɯɿɞ ɜ ɥɿɧɝɜɿɫɬɢɰɿ ɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɦɟ ɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɸ ɥɿɧɝɜɨɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɟɡɭ ɭ ɏɏȱ ɫɬ. ɜ
ɚɫɩɟɤɬɿ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɢɫɜɿɞɨɦɿɫɬɶ – ɦɢɫɥɟɧɧɽɜɨ-ɦɨɜɥɟɧɧɽɜɿɤɚɧɚɥɢ.
Ʌ ɿ ɬ ɟ ɪ ɚ ɬ ɭ ɪ ɚ:
2. Ȼɨɝɨɹɜɥɟɧɫɤɚɹɘ. ȼ.ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɢɩɨɥɨɝɢɢɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɨɜɜɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɟ / ɘ. ȼ. Ȼɨɝɨɹɜɥɟɧɫɤɚɹ // Ʌɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɹ. – 2013. – ʋ 7. – ɋ. 6–16.
3. Ȼɨɥɞɵɪɟɜɇ. ɇ.Ʉɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɚɹɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɚ / ɇɢɤɨɥɚɣɇɢɤɨɥɚɟɜɢɱȻɨɥɞɵɪɟɜ. – Ɍɚɦɛɨɜ : ɂɡɞ-ɜɨɌɚɦɛ. ɝɨɫ. ɭɧ-ɬɚ, 2000. – 140 ɫ.
4. ȻɭɥɵɧɢɧɚɆ. Ɇ.ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚ / Ɇ. Ɇ. Ȼɭɥɵɧɢɧɚ // Rhema. Ɋɟɦɚ. – 2012. – ʋ 4. – ɋ. 67–73.
5. Ʉɭɡɶɦɢɧɚɋ. ȿ.ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ “ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ” ɜɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ / ɋ. ȿ. Ʉɭɡɶɦɢɧɚ // ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ. ɋɟɪɢɹɎɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɹ. ɂɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ. – 2012. – ȼɵɩ. 66. – ʋ 17 (271) – ɋ. 87–90.
6. ɅɚɤɨɮɮȾɠ.Ʌɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɝɟɲɬɚɥɶɬɵ / Ⱦɠ. Ʌɚɤɨɮɮ // ɇɨɜɨɟɜɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɨɣɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɟ. ȼɵɩ. 10. – Ɇ. : ɉɪɨɝɪɟɫɫ, 1981. – ɋ. 350–368.
7. Ʌɟɦɿɲ ɇ. ȯ. Ʉɨɦɭɧɿɤɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɧɿ ɬɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɧɿ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭɜɫɭɱɚɫɧɢɯɝɟɪɦɚɧɫɶɤɢɯ, ɪɨɦɚɧɫɶɤɢɯɬɚɫɥɨɜ’ɹɧɫɶɤɢɯɦɨɜɚɯ : ɡɿɫɬɚɜɧɨ-ɬɢɩɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɣɚɫɩɟɤɬ : ɚɜɬɨɪɟɮ. ɞɢɫ. … ɞɨɤɬ. ɮɿɥɨɥ. ɧɚɭɤ : ɫɩɟɰ. 10.02.17 “ɉɨɪɿɜɧɹɥɶɧɨ-ɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɟɿɬɢɩɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɟɦɨɜɨɡɧɚɜɫɬɜɨ” / ɇɚɬɚɥɿɹȯɜɝɟɧɿɜɧɚɅɟɦɿɲ. – Ʉ., 2015. – 36 c.
8. Ʌɟɦɿɲ ɇ. ȯ. ɋɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɢɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ ɹɤ tertium comparationis ɩɪɢ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɿ ɬɢɩɨɥɨɝɿʀ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɤɚɭɡɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ (ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɿ ɧɿɞɟɪɥɚɧɞɫɶɤɨʀ ɬɚ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɦɨɜ) // ȼɿɫɧɢɤ Ʉɢʀɜɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɥɿɧɝɜɿɫɬɢɱɧɨɝɨɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭ. ɋɟɪɿɹɎɿɥɨɥɨɝɿɹ. – Ʉ. : ȼɢɞ. ɰɟɧɬɪɄɇɅɍ, 2014. – Ɍ. 17. – ʋ 1. – ɋ. 107–114.
9. ɇɨɜɨɫɟɥɶɰɟɜɚ ȱ. ȼ. ɋɩɨɫɨɛɢ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɢɜɚɰɿʀ ɥɿɧɝɜɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɝɟɲɬɚɥɶɬɿɜ ɫɮɟɪɢ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɢ (ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɿ ɝɟɪɦɚɧɫɶɤɢɯɿɫɥɨɜ’ɹɧɫɶɤɢɯɦɨɜ) : ɚɜɬɨɪɟɮ. ɞɢɫ. … ɤɚɧɞ. ɮɿɥɨɥ. ɧɚɭɤ : 10.02.15 / ȱ. ȼ. ɇɨɜɨɫɟɥɶɰɟɜɚ. – Ʉ., 2016. – 19 ɫ.
10. ɉɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɆ. ȼ.Ɍɢɩɵ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɨɜɢɷɬɚɩɵɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ / Ɇ. ȼ. ɉɢɦɟɧɨɜɚ // ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɄɟɦȽɍ. – 2013. – Ɍ. 2. – ʋ 2 (54). – ɋ. 127–131.
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13. ɒɜɟɰɶɈ. ȼ. Ɍɢɩɨɥɨɝɿɹɧɨɦɿɧɚɬɢɜɧɢɯɪɟɱɟɧɶɜɚɧɝɥɿɣɫɶɤɿɣ, ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɶɤɿɣɬɚɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɿɣɦɨɜɚɯ : ɚɜɬɨɪɟɮ. ɞɢɫ. … ɤɚɧɞ. ɮɿɥɨɥ. ɧɚɭɤ : 10.02.17 / Ɉ. ȼ. ɒɜɟɰɶ. – Ʉ., 2016. – 20 ɫ.
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13. Shvetsү O. V. Typolohiya nominatyvnykh rechenމ v anhliysމkiy, frantsuzމkiy ta ukrayinsމkiy movakh [Typology of nominative sentences in English, French and Ukrainian languages] : avtoref. dys. … kand. filol. nauk : 10.02.17 / O. V. Shvetsމ. – K., 2016. – 20 s.
14. Connor U. Tertium Comparationis : A vital component in contrastive research methodology / U. Connor, A. Moreno // Directions in Applied Linguistics : Essays in Honor of Robert B. Kaplan / [eds P. Bruthiaux, D. Atkinson, W. G. Eggington, W. Grabe, V. Ramanathan]. – Clevedon, 2005. – P. 153–164. – (England: Multilingual Matters).
15. Glanzberg M. Concepts, Meaning, and the Lexicon : Philosophy of Language Meets the Syntax-Lexical Semantic Interface [Electronic Resource] / Michael Glanzberg. – 2010. – Mode of Access : https://cognition.lu.lv/symp/6-call-materials/slides/Michael_Concepts MeaningLexpresentation.pdf
16. Jackendoff R. S. Semantic Structures / Ray S. Jackendoff. – Cambridge, MA : MIT Press, 1990. – 336 p. 17. Lakoff G. Women, Fire and Dangerous Things. What categories reveal about the mind / George Lakoff. –
Chicago : L. : The University of Chicago Press, 1987. – 614 p.
Ʌɟɦɢɲ ɇ. ȿ. ɋɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ ɤɚɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ
ɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɯɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ.
ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ ɤɚɤ ɷɬɚɥɨɧ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɩɨ ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨ-ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫɭ. ɉɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɨ ɩɨɜɨɞɭ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ “ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ” ɢ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ -ɬɢɩɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣ ɜɪɚɡɧɵɯɬɢɩɚɯ ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚ. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɞɚɫɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ, ɚ ɢ ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɵɟɝɟɬɟɪɨɝɟɧɧɵɟɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɢɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ, ɷɬɚɥɨɧ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨ-ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚ.
to establish the basis for comparison in the study of syntactic categories in different types of discourse has been established. This approach will provide an opportunity to examine in detail not only specific homogeneous concepts, but also abstract heterogeneous phenomena and categories.
Keywords: syntactic concept, reference of comparison, cognitive-semantic syntax, meaningful and structural organization of the concept.
ɍȾɄ 81’42:165.72
ɆɨɫɤɚɥɶɱɭɤɆ. Ɇ.
ɇɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɣɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɣɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
ɿɦɟɧɿɆ. ɉ. Ⱦɪɚɝɨɦɚɧɨɜɚ
Ʌ
ɅȱȱɇɇȽȽȼȼɈɈɄɄɈɈȽȽɇɇȱȱɌɌɂɂȼȼɇɇȱȱɉɉȱȱȾȾɏɏɈɈȾȾɂɂ Ⱦ
ȾɈɈɌɌȿȿɊɊɆɆȱȱɇɇɈɈɅɅɈɈȽȽȱȱɑɑɇɇɈɈȲȲȼȼȿȿɊɊɂɂɎɎȱȱɄɄȺȺɐɐȱȱȲȲ ɋ
ɋɍɍɑɑȺȺɋɋɇɇɈɈȽȽɈɈɋɋȼȼȱȱɌɌɋɋɖɖɄɄɈɈȽȽɈɈȽȽɍɍɆɆȺȺɇɇȱȱɁɁɆɆɍɍ
ɍ ɫɬɚɬɬɿ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ɥɿɧɝɜɨɤɨɝɧɿɬɢɜɧɿ ɩɿɞɯɨɞɢ ɞɨ ɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ, ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɧɢɯ ɭ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɨɦɭ ɫɜɿɬɫɶɤɨɦɭ ɝɭɦɚɧɿɡɦɿ. ɉɪɨɚɧɚɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɡɦɿɫɬ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ, ɹɤ “ɽɜɩɪɚɤɫɨɮɿɹ”, “dasein”, “ɦɚɫɫɚ/ɧɚɬɨɜɩ”, “ɥɸɞɢɧɚ ɦɚɫɢ/ɧɚɬɨɜɩɭ”, ɫɜɨɛɨɞɚ “freedom” ɿ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɚ “liberty”ɜ ʀɯɧɿɣ ɤɨɪɟɥɹɰɿʀ ɡ ɤɨɝɧɿɬɢɜɧɢɦ ɬɚɥɿɧɝɜɨɮɿɥɨɫɨɮɫɶɤɢɦɜɢɬɥɭɦɚɱɟɧɧɹɦ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɳɨɰɿ ɩɨɧɹɬɬɹɽɞɨɦɿɧɚɧɬɧɢɦɢɭ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɿ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɿɜ ɿ ɩɨɝɥɹɞɿɜ ɧɚ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧ ɥɸɞɢɧɢ, ɧɚ ʀʀ ɫɨɰɿɚɥɶɧɟ ɠɢɬɬɹ, ɹɤɿ ɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɦɭɬɶ ɪɨɡɤɪɢɬɬɸɩɪɢɪɨɞɢɅɸɞɢɧɢɏɏȱɫɬ.
Ʉɥɸɱɨɜɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɽɜɩɪɚɤɫɨɮɿɹ, ɝɭɦɚɧɿɡɦ, ɫɜɿɬɫɶɤɢɣ ɝɭɦɚɧɿɡɦ, ɫɜɨɛɨɞɚ “freedom”, ɫɜɨɛɨɞɚ “liberty”, ɦɚɫɚ/ɧɚɬɨɜɩ, ɥɸɞɢɧɚ ɦɚɫɢ/ɧɚɬɨɜɩɭ, ɫɜɨɛɨɞɚ ɜɨɥɿ.
ɍ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɨɦɭ ɪɿɡɧɨɦɚɧɿɬɧɨɦɭ ɬɚ ɛɚɝɚɬɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɦɭ ɫɜɿɬɿ ɜɫɟ ɛɿɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɧɚɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ ɞɨɫɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɜ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɿɣ ɫɮɟɪɿ, ɡɚɜɞɹɤɢ ɹɤɢɦ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ
ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɧɟɨɫɦɢɫɥɟɧɧɹ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɫɬɿ, ɩɟɪɟɨɫɦɢɫɥɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɫɚɦɟɛɭɬɬɹ ɥɸɞɢɧɢ, ɚ
ɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɦɢɫɥɟɧɧɹ (ȼ. ɉ. Ʉɨɯɚɧɨɜɫɶɤɢɣ, Ɍ. Ʉɭɧ ɬɚ ɿɧ.) ɞɟ ɮɿɥɨɫɨɮɿɹ
ɜɢɫɬɭɩɚɽ ɹɤ ɿɧɬɟɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨ-ɞɭɯɨɜɧɚ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ, ɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ
ɦɢɫɥɟɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ ɠɢɬɬɹ (ȱ. Ʌɚɤɚɬɨɫ, Ɏ. Ⱥ. Ƚɚɽɤ ɬɚ ɿɧ.), ɚ ɥɿɧɝɜɿɫɬɢɤɚ ɫɩɪɢɹɽ
ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɬɚ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɫɩɟɰɢɮɿɱɧɨɦɭ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɦɭ ɣ ɦɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ
ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɚ (Ɇ. Ⱥɥɟɮɿɪɟɧɤɨ, Ɉ. Ȼɟɪɟɡɨɜɢɱ, Ɉ. Ʉɭɛɪɹɤɨɜɚ, ȼ. Ɇɚɫɥɨɜɚɬɚɿɧ.).
Ɂɦɿɧɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɧɟ ɥɢɲɟ ɩɨɝɥɹɞɢ ɧɚ ɥɸɞɢɧɭ ɬɚ ʀʀ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ɜ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɿ, ɚ ɣ
ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɽɬɶɫɹɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɨɜɨɝɨɫɨɰɿɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɚ, ɹɤɟ ɬɿɫɧɨɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɟ
ɡ ɨɞɧɿɽɸ ɿɡ ɬɟɱɿɣ ɭ ɮɿɥɨɫɨɮɿʀ – ɫɜɿɬɫɶɤɢɦ ɝɭɦɚɧɿɡɦɨɦ (ɉ. Ʉɭɪɬɰ). ɇɢɧɿ ɝɭɦɚɧɿɡɦ – ɰɟ
ɧɚɣɜɚɠɥɢɜɿɲɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɚ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢ, ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɧɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ,
ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɥɸɞɢɧɨɸ ɫɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɞɨ ɫɜɿɬɭ ɿ ɩɪɢɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɞɨ ɧɚɜɤɨɥɢɲɧɶɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɚ (Ƚ. ȼ. Ƚɿɜɿɲɜɿɥɿ, ȼ. Ʉɭɜɚɤɿɧɬɚ ɿɧ.).
Ɇɟɬɚ ɫɬɚɬɬɿ – ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɿɡɭɜɚɬɢ ɥɿɧɝɜɨɤɨɝɧɿɬɢɜɧɿ ɩɿɞɯɨɞɢ ɞɨ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɨʀ
ɜɟɪɢɮɿɤɚɰɿʀɫɭɱɚɫɧɨɝɨɫɜɿɬɫɶɤɨɝɨɝɭɦɚɧɿɡɦɭ.
ȱɡ ɧɿɜɟɥɸɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɝɭɦɚɧɿɫɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɰɿɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨɫɬɚɽ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿʀ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿɜ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ ɞɥɹ ɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɜɿɞɪɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɧɨɜɨʀ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɫɬɿ, ɧɚ
ɡɚɫɚɞɚɯɹɤɨʀɛɭɞɟɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɬɪɚɧɫɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɥɸɞɫɶɤɨʀɰɢɜɿɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ.
ɍ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɿ ɧɨɜɿ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɸɬɶ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɬɹɦɢ, ɳɨ
ɜɢɯɨɞɹɬɶ ɡɚ ɦɟɠɿ ɡɜɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɚ ɿ ɧɚɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ ɿɧɲɨɝɨ ɡɦɿɫɬɭ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɱɢ
ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɟ ɿɛɭɬɬɹ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɨʀ ɥɸɞɢɧɢ. ȼɿɞɨɦɨ, ɳɨ ɠɨɞɧɚ ɧɚɭɤɚɧɟ ɫɬɨʀɬɶ ɧɚ ɦɿɫɰɿ, ɜɨɧɚ
ɩɪɨɞɨɜɠɭɽ ɫɜɿɣ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤ, ɜɜɨɞɹɱɢ ɜ ɨɛɿɝ ɧɨɜɿ ɩɨɧɹɬɬɹ, ɱɨɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɧɨ
