T h e K V A L G r o u p b i d s y o u w e l c o m e t o S w e d e n .
T h e n e x t f e w p a g e s w i l l g i v e y o u t h e m a i n f a c t s a b o u t w h a t y o u c a n d o d u r i n g y o u r v i s i t . I t a l s o c o n t a i n s a f o r e - c a s t a b o u t s o m e e v e n t s w h i c h , w i t h n e a r - c e r t i t u d e , w i l l h a p p e n t o y o u a s a g r o u p ; f o r o t h e r a n d n o l e s s i m p o r t a n t e v e n t s - s u c h a s h u m a n - t o - h u m a n d i s c u s s i o n s a n d f a m i l i a r - i z a t i o n s - n o n e b u t a s t o c h a s t i c a p p r o a c h s e e m s f r u i t f u l , a n d w e c o u l d b u t t r y t o p l a n s o t h a t u n e x p e c t e d e v e n t s c a n b e e x p e c t e d t o b e p l e a s a n t m o r e o f t e n t h a n u n p l e a s a n t .
S o m e o f y o u h a v e s e n t u s s u g g e s t i o n s t o a r r a n g e s p e - c i a l s e s s i o n s for particular issues, organizational, practical, o r scientific. It is for the p r o g r a m c o m m i t t e e to d e c i d e o n s u c h detours, a n d that c o m m i t t e e will m e e t for the last a n d decisive t i m e o n S u n d a y , A u g u s t 31st. C o r r e s p o n d e n c e in
s u c h m a t t e r s s h o u l d p r e f e r r a b l y b e sent directly to p r o f e s - s o r H e l m u t h Schnelle. A s o r g a n i z e r s , h o w e v e r , w e c a n p r o m i s e localities a n d all possible s u p p o r t to a n y a u t h o r i z e d fraction m e e t i n g .
T h o s e of y o u w h o h a v e p e n e t r a t e d the p r e p r i n t s w e h a v e b e e n distributing to y o u at the s a m e rate a s m a n u s c r i p t s h a v e r e a c h e d u s - I h a v e collected a large s u p p l y of e x c u s e - t h e - d e l a y letters, p r o v i d i n g m e w i t h a r a n g e of f o r m u l a t i o n s w h i c h will c o v e r m y p e r s o n a l n e e d s for quite a t i m e - will, n o doubt, h a v e f o r m e d d i v e r g e n t or possibly, c o n v e r g e n t , but d i f f e r e n t , o p i n i o n s o n s o m e i s s u e s . I w a n t t o r e p e a t o u r o f f e r t o p r i n t m e t a - p r i n t s w i t h c o m m e n t s , t o r a t i o n a l i z e d e b a t e .
N o d e c i s i o n h a s b e e n m a d e a s t o t h e f a t e o f f u t u r e p u b - l i c a t i o n o f t h e p a p e r s p r e s e n t e d , n o r c o u l d a n y d e c i s i o n b e m a d e w i t h o u t t h e a u t h o r I s c o n s e n t . I w o u l d r e c o m m e n d t h r e e a l t e r n a t i v e s f o r c o n s i d e r a t i o n :
2. P a p e r s a r e published t h r o u g h usual channels, possibly after joint negotiations with pertinent journal editors. 3. Restricted a m o u n t s of corrections, additions, a n d c o m -
m e n t s are published in post-prints in the s h a p e of p a m - phlets of the s a m e type as the preprints, a n d authors are a s k e d to authorize us to provide w h o l e sets of pre- a n d post-prints to those w h o m i g h t w a n t to b u y t h e m .
Alternatives Z a n d 3 are not exclusive.
T h o s e w h o c a n specify a r g u m e n t s or funds for a n y one of these lines of action are invited to d o so at the conference.
M a n y enquiries, suggestions, a n d requests, not to s p e a k of challenging statements in m a n u s c r i p t s , a r e s u c h that I w o u l d h a v e b e e n p l e a s e d to c o m m e n t u p o n t h e m in p e r s o n a l c o r r e s p o n d e n c e . I h o p e you d o u n d e r s t a n d that it is not an i m p e r s o n a l or collectivistic attitude but practical necessity that m a k e s m e give several a n s w e r s in the s h a p e of printed m e s s a g e s s u c h as the p r e s e n t one. If y o u think that y o u r p r o p o s a l s h a v e not b e e n p r o p e r l y a n s w e r e d or attended to, I w o u l d appreciate it if y o u w o u l d repeat y o u r wishes.
A r r i v a l
T h e c o n f e r e n c e b e g i n s o n S u n d a y a f t e r n o o n , A u g u s t 3 t s t . S i n c e p a r t i c i p a n t s a r r i v e a t d i f f e r e n t t i m e s of t h e d a y a t d i f f e r e n t p l a c e s , w e c a n n o t p r o m i s e t o o r g a n i z e e v e r y b o d y ' s t r a n s p o r t , b u t w e w i l l t r y . S o p l e a s e l o o k o u t f o r p o s t e r s i n s c r i b e d C O L I N G a t e v e r y n o d e of t h e n e t w o r k a s s h o w n i n t h e d i a g r a m .
W e h a v e o r g a n i z e d o u r o f f i c e i n t h e m i d s t o f S t o c k h o l m a s a n a c c u m u l a t o r w i t h r e g u l a r t a k e - o f f s . U n l e s s y o u a r r i v e b y a i r a n d w a n t t o s k i r t c e n t r a l S t o c k h o l m , t h e m o s t c o n v e - n i e n t f o r y o u i s p r o b a b l y to t u r n u p t h e r e a n d j o i n t h e s t r o n g f l o w f r o m t h e r e t o w a r d s t h e s i n k s . Y o u a r e n a t u r a l l y w e l - c o m e t o l e a v e y o u r l u g g a g e i n o u r o f f i c e i f y o u a r r i v e e a r l y a n d w a n t t o m a k e a s t r o l l i n t h e c i t y w i t h y o u r h a n d s f r e e . L a c k i n g e q u i p m e n t f o r m u l t i - b o o k i n g , h o w e v e r , r e g i s t r a t i o n p r o p e r w i l l h a v e t o t a k e p l a c e a t S ~ L n g a - S ~ b y , p r e f e r r a b l y d u r i n g S u n d a y .
E x p l a n a t i o n o f t h e d i a g r a m
E a c h c o n n e c t i o n l i n e i s m a r k e d b y a n a r r o w s y m b o l , m e a n i n g r e g u l a r b u s o r t r a i n l i n e
t a x i
C o l i n g c h a r t e r
T h e m o d e o f c o m m u n i c a t i o n i s i n d i c a t e d b y T f o r ( u n d e r g r o u n d ) t r a i n , S h i p f o r s h i p , P l a n e f o r p l a n e ; u n - m a r k e d r e p r e s e n t s b u s o r c a r .
A b o v e e a c h l i n e t h e r e i s a p a i r of n u m b e r s , i n d i c a t i n g t h e d i s t a n c e i n S w e d i s h c r o w n s a n d i n m i n u t e s , r e s p e c t i v e l y . T h u s , (0, Z0) m e a n s a Z0 m i n u t e t r i p a t z e r o c o s t .
B e l o w e a c h l i n e i s g i v e n t h e t i m e ( s ) o f d e p a r t u r e ; t h e s y m b o l & m e a n s ' c o n t i n u o u s ' f l o w , i . e . l e s s t h a n | 5 m a x . w a i t i n g t i m e a t a n a r b i t r a r y p o i n t of t i m e ( o r , f o r a i r p o r t b u s e s , f r o m t h e a r r i v a l o f a n y p l a n e ) .
I n e x p r e s s i o n s l i k e ( 1 0 k , 30), k i s a c o n s t a n t d e p e n d i n g o n t h e n u m b e r o f p e r s o n s t r a v e l l i n g i n t h e s a m e v e h i c l e . k ~ I , 0 . 6 , 0 . 4 , 0 . 3 f o r l , Z, 3, a n d > 3 p e r s o n s , r e s p e c t - i v e l y .
A l l d i s t a n c e s a r e v e r y r o u g h e s t i m a t e s . T a x i s a r e p a i d a c c o r d i n g t o t a x a m e t e r p l u s 10 p e r c e n t .
C o m m e n t s o n s o m e n o d e s
K V A L . T h e s t r e e t a d d r e s s o f K V A L t s o f f i c e i s " S 0 d e r m a l m s t o r g 8 " , Znd f l o o r . T e l e p h o n e s : 4Z 3B 24, 4 4 Z Z 60, a n d 41 43 SO.
It i s s i t u a t e d a b o u t 150 m e t e r s f r o m t h e u n d e r g r o u n d s t a t i o n ( S w e d i s h : I t u n n e l b a n a I., a b b r e v i a t e d T " S l u s s e n ' . T o f i n d t h e o f f i c e f r o m t h a t T - s t a t i o n , w a l k o u t o f t h e e x i t ~ S l u s s e n ' , c o n t i n u e s t r a i g h t a b o u t 100 m t o t h e n e a r e s t t r a f f i c f i l e , t u r n 90 ° t o y o u r l e f t , f o l l o w i n g c u r b s t o n e t o n e a r e s t s t r e e t c o r n e r , l o o k d i a g o n a l l y a c r o s s t h e c r o s s i n g a n d y o u w i l l s e e o u r
posters. Cross (not diagonally.l).
Slussen is khe Znd T-stop (destination included) f r o m the
central railway station.
K V A L i s w i t h i n e a s y w a l k i n g d i s t a n c e (3 r a i n ) f r o m S k e p p s - b r o n , w h e r e s h i p s f r o m F i n l a n d a r r i v e .
O u r c h a r t e r e d s h i p l e a v e s f r o m t h e q u a y a f e w s t e p s f r o m K V A L . T h e s h i p , of c o u r s e , i s the o n l y t r u e g e n t l e m a n l y w a y o f a r r i v i n g a t m a n o r s on M ~ l a r e n .
A r l a n d a I n t e r n a t i o n a l A i r p o r t i s a g l o o m y a f f a i r c l o s e r t o U p p s a l a t h a n t o S t o c k h o l m . U n l e s s y o u h a v e a p e r f e c t l y s h o c k - a b s o r b i n g s p o n s o r , d o n o t o u t o f o l d h a b i t t h r o w y o u r s e l f i n t o a t a x i t o d r i v e y o u i n t o t o w n b e f o r e l o o k i n g u p a l t e r n a t i v e s i n o u r d i a g r a m .
B r o m m a D o m e s t i c A i r p o r t , c l o s e t o B r o m m a p l a n a n d n o t f a r f r o m t h e c e n t e r . You w i l l a r r i v e t h e r e i f f y o u t r a v e l v i a s o m e o t h e r S w e d i s h a i r p o r t ( w h i c h i s a g o o d w a y o f d o d g i n g A r l a n d a ) .
C e n t r a l r a i l w a y s t a t i o n , w h e r e a l l l o n g - d i s t a n c e t r a i n s a r r i v e , i s c o n n e c t e d b y a s h o r t p e d e s t r i a n t u n n e l d i r e c t l y t o t h e T - s t a t i o n " T - c e n t r a l e n ' .
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A l l t h e c o n f e r e n c e m e e t i n g s w i l l b e h e l d a t S ~ n g a - S ~ b y i n p a r a l l e l s e s s i o n s i n d i f f e r e n t r o o m s of t h e s a m e b u i l d i n g .
P a r t i c i p a n t s w i l l b e l o d g e d e i t h e r i n t h e s u r r o u n d i n g b u i l d i n g s o f S ~ n g a - S ~ b y M a n s i o n , i n t h e S k y t t e h o l m M a n o r a c r o s s t h e n a r r o w s t r a i t , o r a t B r o m m a H o t e l . C a r s w i l l c o m m u t e t o a n d f r o m B r o m m a , b o a t s t o a n d f r o m S k y t t e h o l m .
L u n c h w i l l b e s e r v e d a t S ~ n g a - S ~ b y a n d S k F t t e h o l m . B r e a k f a s t a n d d i n n e r w i l l b e s e r v e d a t S ~ n g a - S ~ b y a n d S k y t t e h o l m t o t h e r e s i d e n t s .
A b e a c h , p a r k , a n d a b a r w i l l b e a v a i l a b l e a t S ~ n g a - S ~ b y , to
s a y nothing of a sauna. T h e r e is a s a u n a at S k y t t e h o l m too.
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F o r b o a r d , l o d g i n g , a n d e x c u r s i o n s
r e s i d e n t s ( a c t i v e p a r t i c i p a n t s a s w e l l a s s p u t n i k s ) a t S ~ n g a - S ~ b y o r S k y t t e h o l m p a y S w k r 2 6 0 : - e a c h ( 3 0 0 : - f o r
s i n g l e r o o m ) . L o d g i n g , m e a l s , e x c u r s i o n s , a n d b a n q u e t a r e i n c l u d e d , b u t n o t d r i n k s .
r e s i d e n t s a t B r o m m a H o t e l o r e l s e w h e r e p a y , i f t h e y a r e c o n f e r e n c e p a r t i c i p a n t s , S w k r 2 0 0 : - i w h i c h i n c l u d e s l u n c h e v e r y d a y a t S ~ n g a - S ~ b y o r S k y t t e h o l m , e x c u r s i o n s , b a n q u e t , c o m m u t a t i o n t r a n s p o r t b e t w e e n B r o m m a a n d c o n - f e r e n c e s i t e , b u t e x c l u d e s d r i n k s a n d h o t e l r o o m .
e l s e S w k r 1 0 0 : - e a c h , i n c l u d i n g e x c u r s i o n s , l u n c h a t G r i p s h o l m C a s t l e , b a n q u e t , b u t e x c l u d i n g d r i n k s a n d h o t e l r o o m .
T o s p e e d u p r e g i s t r a t i o n , w e m u s t a s k y o u t o m a k e a l l p a y m e n t s i n S w e d i s h k r o n o r . T h e r e i s a b a n k o f f i c e a v a i l a b l e b o t h a t A r l a n d a A i r p o r t a n d a t S ~ n g a - S ~ b y .
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A d d r e s s of c o n f e r e n c e : K V A L , F a c k , S t o c k h o l m 40.
T e l e p h o n e s t o S A n g a - S a b y M a n s i o n : 0 7 5 6 / 4 2 162 a n d
0 7 5 6 / 4 2 163
t o S k y t t e h o l m M a n o r : 0 7 5 6 / 2 3 087,
w h e r e 0 7 5 6 i s t h e n u m b e r of t h e d i s t r i c t " M ~ l a r 6 a r n a "
t o B r o m m a H o t e l : 0 8 / 2 5 Z9 Z0
w h e r e 08 i s t h e n u m b e r of t h e S t o c k h o l m d i s t r i c t .
T e l e x t o c o n f e r e n c e s i t e d u r i n g c o n f e r e n c e :
C O L I N G 1 0 9 0 0
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N e a r e s t p h y s i c i a n : 90 000 " j o u r h a v a n d e l ~ k a r e "
N e a r e s t d e n t i s t : 90 000 " j o u r h a v a n d e t a n d l a k a r e "
N e a r e s t h o s p i t a l : K a r o l i n s k a H o s p i t a l , S t o c k h o l m 60
t e l e p h o n e : 3 4 05 00
N e a r e s t c h e m i s t : S t . G 6 r a n , F r i d h e m s p l a n
t e l e p h o n e 5 4 09 90
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H i g h e s t 24 h t e m p . 17
L o w e s t 24 h t e m p . 11
H i g h e s t t e m p . s i n c e 1 9 0 i 2 7 . 9 (1968)
L o w e s t t e m p . s i n c e 1901 5. I
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m o s t l y i n l a t e S e p t e m b e r . A u t o - c o r r e l a t i o n i s h i g h .
S o f a r , t h e s u m m e r of 1969 h a s b e e n e x c e p t i o n a l l y f i n e . . .
No b e t s a c c e p t e d b y t h e h o u s e .
B u s t i m e t a b l e - N o 17
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O n M o n d a y a concert will be given at S ~ n g a - S ~ b y , c o m - prising N o r d i c ballads.
O n T u e s d a y , a visit will be a r r a n g e d to the authentic i8th c e n t u r y theatre at D r o t t n i n g h o l m ' s Castle to attend the p e r f o r m a n c e of H a y d n ' s Ii m o n d o de la luna. (The price for the entrance fee is not included).
O n W e d n e s d a y , a n e x c u r s i o n will be m a d e b y s/s M a r i e - fred to the city of Mariefred, w h e r e a visit to the G r i p s h o l m Castle, a ride on the m u s e u m railway, a n d a " s m O r g ~ s b o r d " lunch will be our m o s t serious items.
O n T h u r s d a y , the c o n f e r e n c e banquet will be held at H a s s e l b a c k e n , a w e l l - k n o w n S t o c k h o l m restaurant on D j u r - g~rden, close to S k a n s e n . T r a n s p o r t a t i o n will b e a r r a n g e d .
A variety of local e x c u r s i o n s c a n be m a d e b y b u s or boat. W e shall h a v e both available a n d a r r a n g e trips for sputniks during business h o u r s w h e n w e h e a r y o u r w i s h e s . T h e r e are b u s connections to the center of S t o c k h o l m , but n o collective a r r a n g e m e n t s will be m a d e during the confer- e n c e d a y s for sightseeing or shopping there.
C O L I N G
1 9 6 9
LIST ()F PARTICIPANTS
l AFENDRAS
7. AHLGREN
3 ALLEN
4 ARSENT'EVA
5 BAILLE
6 BAR-HILLEL
7 BATES
8
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9 BAERENTZEN
i 0 BECKMAN
I l BELLERT
Evangelos A
Inger
Stare
NG
Alain
Yehoshua
Reed
I n t v ~
P e r
Bengt
Irena
International Center for R e s e a r c h on B t l i n g u a l i s m Citer U n i v e r s i t a i r e
Quebec 10 CANADA
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6 4 K i e f e r A L 3 . 4 23 W u n d e r l i c h - S 1.5
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3Algebraic and Theoretical .Linguistics
Al_gebraic Ling~i__s
tic._s
- M a r c u s , S . : C o n t e x t u a l G r a m m a r s (48) P a r s i n g _ Th_e o_ri_es _ a n d P r o c e d u r e s
- P e t e r s , S. : T h e U s e of C o n t e x t - s e n s i t i v e R u l e s i n I m m e d i a t e C o n s t i t u e n t A n a l y s i s (45) - P e t 6 f i , J . S . : O n t h e P r o b l e m s o f C o - t e x t u a l A n a l y s i s
o f T e x t s (50)
S c h a n k , R . C . , L . G . T e s l e r : A C o n c e p t u a l D e p e n d e n c y P a r s e r f o r N a t u r a l L a n g u a g e (Z)
- V a r g a , D . : P r o b l e m s o f I m p r o v i n g t h e E f f i c i e n c y o f P a r s i n g S y s t e m s (61)
- K a r l g r e n , H . : M u l t i - I n d e x S y n t a c t i c a l C a l c u l u s {68) - s e e a l s o : Su, S . Y . W . , K . E . H a r p e r ( C A 4. Z)
_Th_.e_or.y
o fG r a m m a r s
- B i r b t L n e s c u , A . : N e t w o r k s o f B i n a r y R e l a t i o n s i n N a t u - r a l L a n g u a g e s . E l e c t r i c a l A n a l o g u e s (54) G l a d k y , A . V . , I . i . M e l ~ u k : T r e e G r a m m a r s { A - G r a m -
mars) (1)
J o s h i , A . K . : P r o p e r t i e s o f F o r m a l G r a m m a r s w i t h M i x e d T y p e s of R u l e s a n d t h e i r L i n g u i s t i c R e l e v a n c e (47)
- K i e f e r , F . : A P r o g r e s s R e p o r t on t h e U s e o f S l a n t G r a m m a r C a l c u l u s f o r A u t o m a t i c A n a l y s i s (64)
- M e y , J . : O n t h e P r e s e r v a t i o n o f C o n t e x t - f r e e L a n - g u a g e s i n a L e v e l - b a s e d S y s t e m (20) - K a l m a r , L . : A n I n t u i t i v e R e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f C o n t e x t -
f r e e L a n g u a g e s (66)
T G T G 1
T r a n s f o r m a t i o n a l G r a m m a r s _Gr_aphemic s
- F u j i m u r a , O., R. K a g a y a : Structural Patterns of C h i n e s e
C h a r a c t e r s ( I 0 )
- Yang, S . C . , C . W . Y a n g : A Universal G r a p h i c C h a r a c t e r
W r i t e r (4Z)
T G Z ,. Phonolo_~y B r a u n , S. :
F r o m k i n , V . A . ,
S o m e F o r m a l Properties of Phonological R e d u n d a n c y R u l e s (6)
D . L . Rice: A n Interactive Phonological Rule Testing S y s t e m (53)
T G 3 T r a n s f o r m a t i o n a l G r a m m a r
- Binnick, R . I . : A n Application of an E x t e n d e d G e n e r a t i v e S e m a n t i c M o d e l of L a n g u a g e to M a n - M a c h i n e Interaction (18)
- F r i e d m a n , J.: Applications of a C o m p u t e r S y s t e m for T r a n s f o r m a t i o n a l G r a m m a r (14)
- Querido, A . A . M . : G r a m m a i r e I. Description T r a n s f o r m a - tionnelle d lun S o u s - e n s e m b l e d u F r a n c a i s ( 4 3 )
- s e e a l s o W a l k e r , D . E . ( I R 1 . 4 )
T G 4 T r a n s f o r m a t i o n a l G r a m m a r a n d P r o b l e m s o f R e f e r e n c e - K a r t t u n e n , L . : D i s c o u r s e R e f e r e n t s
S
S t
S e m a n t i c s
S y n t a x a n d L o ~ c a l S e m a n t i c s I
- B e l l e r t , I. : O n t h e U s e of L i n g u i s t i c Q u a n t i f y l n g O p e r a t o r s i n t h e L o g i c o - S e m a n t i c S t r u c - t u r e R e p r e s e n t a t i o n of U t t e r a n c e s (Z8)
S c h w a r c z , R . M . : T o w a r d s a C o m p u t a t i o n a l F o r m a l i z a t i o n o f N a t u r a l - L a n g u a g e S e m a n t i c s (Z9)
- V a s i l i u , E . : T h e t T i m e - C a t e g o r y ~ i n N a t u r a l L a n g u a - g e s a n d i t s S e m a n t i c I n t e r p r e t a t i o n (60)
- W u n d e r l i c h , D . - U e b e r Z e i t r e f e r e n z u n d T e m p u s ( O n t i m e r e f e r e n c e a n d t e n s e ) (23)
S 2 S . y n t a x a n d L o ~ c a l S e m a n t i c s 2
- D u g a s , A . , M . G o p n i k , B . H a r r i s , J . P . P a i l l e t : L e P r o j e t d e T r a d u c t i o n A u t o m a t i q u e I t U n i v e r s i t e d e M o n t r e a l (55)
- N e d o b e j k i n e , N . , B . V a u q u o i s , G . V e i l l o n , C . B o u r g u i g - n o n : Une n o t a t i o n d e s t e x t e s h o r s d e s c o n t r a i n t e s m o r p h o l o g i q u e s e t s y n t a x i q u e s " de l J e x p r e s s i o n (17)
- R o u a u l t , J . : Q u e l q u e s a p p l i c a t i o n s d e l a I o g i q u e ~ l a s e m a n t i q u e d e s l a n g u e s n a t u r e l l e s (Z7)
C A
C A I
C o m p u t a t i o n a l A n a l y s i s
-An_.aI_ysis of W o r d s
- B f l n t i n g , K . D . : E m p i r i c a l I n v e s t i g a t i o n of G e r m a n W o r d D e r i v a t i o n w i t h t h e A i d of a C o m p u t e r (30)
G a m m o n , E . : Q u a n t i t a t i v e A p p r o x i m a t i o n t o t h e W o r d (12)
Z o l t a n , S. : S o m e P r o b l e m s of W o r d - F o r m a t i o n w i t h i n t h e F r a m e w o r k of a G e n e r a t i v e G r a m m a r (59)
C A 2 - A n a l y s i s of S e n t e n c e s a n d M T I
- G l a s e r s f e l d , E . v . : S e m a n t i c s a n d t h e S y n t a c t i c C l a s s i - f i c a t i o n of W o r d s (22)
- P i s a n i , P . P . : O r g a n i z a t i o n a n d P r o g r a m m i n g of t h e M u l t i s t o r e P a r s e r (25)
- H o p p e , A . : D i e s e m a n t i s c h e S y n t a x d e r K o m m u n i k a - r i v e n G r a m m a t i k a u f E D V - A n l a g e n (67)
C A 3 A n a l y s i s of S e n t e n c e s a n d M T 2
- B ~ t o r i , I. : D i s a m b i g u a t i n g V e r b s w i t h M u l t i p l e M e a n i n g i n t h e M T - S y s t e m of I B M G e r m a n y (31)
- B u j a s , Z . : C o m p u t e r s i n t h e Y u g o s l a v S e r b o - C r o a t / E n g l i s h C o n t r a s t i v e A n a l y s i s P r o j e c t (26)
- L e u n b a c h , G. : S y n t a c t i c A n a l y s i s b y A l t e r n a t i n g G o m p u t a - t i o n a n d I n s p e c t i o n (15)
E g g e r s , H . , A . R o t h k e g e l - S c h r a m m , W. K l e i n , H - J . W e b e r , H . Z i m m e r m a n n : D i s k o n t i n u i e r - l i c h e K o n s t i t u e n t e n (65)
- W o y n a , A . G . : S e m a n t i c s of P r e p o s i t i o n a l C o n s t r u c t s i n R u s s i a n : T e n t a t i v e A p p r o a c h (32)
C A 4 A n a l y s i s o f T e x t s
- M o n t g o m e r y , C . A . : L i n g u i s t i c s a n d A u t o m a t e d L a n g u a g e P r o c e s s i n g (41)
- Su, S . Y . W . , K . E . H a r p e r : A D i r e c t e d R a n d o m P a r a - g r a p h G e n e r a t o r (13)
- s e e a l s o P e t O f i , J . S . ( A L Z . 2 ) - s e e a l s o W a l k e r , D . E . (IB. 1 . 4 )
C A 5 L e x i c o n
J o s s e l s o n , H . H . : T h e L e x i c o n : A S y s t e m o f M a t r i c e s o f L e x i e a l U n i t s a n d t h e i r P r o p e r t i e s
(36)
- D o u g h e r t y , C h i n g - Y i : A P r a g m a t i c A p p r o a c h t o M a c h i n e T r a n s l a t i o n f r o m C h i n e s e t o E n g l i s h
(38)
C A 6 A u t o m a t i c R e c o ~ i t i o n o f S p e e c h
- I i v o n e n , A . : A u t o m a t i c R e c o g n i t i o n o f S p e e c h S o u n d s b y a D i g i t a l C o m p u t e r (33)
P h i l o s o p h y of C o m p u t a t i o n a l L i n g u i s t i c s - V e r b u r g , P . A . : H o b b e s t C a l c u l u s o f W o r d s
D
D 1
Ladefoged, P.
Smith, R . N . :
Sankoff, D. :
- see also T G Z
Diachronics, C o m p a r a t i v e Linguistics, D i a l e c t o l o g y
- A f e n d r a s , E . A . : M a t h e m a t i c a l M o d e l s f o r B a l k a n P h o n o l o g i c a l C o n v e r g e n c e (56)
- D u r h a m , S . P . , D . E . R o g e r s : A n A p p l i c a t i o n of
C o m p u t e r P r o g r a m m i n g to the reconst- ruction of a Proto-language (5)
: T h e M e a s u r e m e n t of Phonetic Similarity (57)
A u t o m a t i c Simulation of Historical C h a n g e (9)
Simulation of W o r d - m e a n i n g Stochastic P r o c e s s e s (49)
D 2 _Comparative Linguistics, Dialectolo~y__
- Francis, W . N . , J. Svartvik, G . M . Rubin: C o m p u t e r - p r o d u c e d Representation of Dialectal Variation: Initial Fricatives in Southern British English (5Z)
- Klein, S., M . A . Kuppin, K . A . Meives: M o n t e Carlo
Simulation "of L a n g u a g e C h a n g e in Tiko- pia & M a o r i (Zi)
S k a l m o w s k i , W., M . van O v e r b e k e : Computational Analysis of Interference on the Lexical Level (16)
- W o o d , G . R . : Dialectology by C o m p u t e r (19)
IR
IR t
I R 2
I n f o r m a t i o n R e t r i e v a l
._La_n~u_ages a n d _ S y s t e m s f o r I n f o r m a t i o n R e t r i e v a l
- D o s t e r t , B . H . , F . B . T h o m p s o n : R e h A R a p i d l y E x - t e n s i b l e L a n g u a g e S y s t e m . II. R e l
English (35)
- L o c k e m a n n , P . C . , F . B . T h o m p s o n : Rel: A Rapidly Extensible L a n g u a g e S y s t e m . I. T h e Rel L a n g u a g e P r o c e s s o r (34)
M o y n e , J.A. : A P r o g r e s s R e p o r t on the U s e of English in Information Retrieval (40) W a l k e r , D . E . : Computational Linguistic T e c h n i q u e s in
an O n - L i n e S y s t e m for Textual Analysis
(63)
Woolley, G . H . : A u t o m a t i c Text Generation (37) - Yang, S o C . : S e a r c h A l g o r i t h m and D a t a Structure
for a n Efficient Information S y s t e m (51)
- Salton, G. :
- Wilks, Y. :
Indexiu~u _Id entifi cati on I
- B e n s o n , R . A , : N e x u s : A Linguistic T e c h n i q u e for Precoordination (3)
• d m u n d s o n , H . P . , M . N . Epstein: C o m p u t e r - a i d e d R e s e a r c h on S y n o n y m y and A n t o n y m y
(58)
A u t o m a t i c P r o c e s s i n g of F o r e i g n L a n g u - age D o c u m e n t s (4)
Interactive S e m a n t i c Analysis of English
P a r a g r a p h s (8)
IK 3 Inde x i n ~ _I_de_nt~fication II
- B o r k o w s k i , C.: Structure, Effectiveness, a n d U s e s of
the Citation Identifier, an Operational
C o m p u t e r P r o g r a m f o r A u t o m a t i c I d e n - t i f i c a t i o n of C a s e Citations in Legal Literature (46)
- Laffal, J. : Total or Selected Content Analysis (24) - Pratt, A , W . , M . G . P a c a k : A u t o m a t e d P r o c e s s i n g of
M e d i c a l English (II)
- Streeter, V.J.: Syntactia Patterns in a S a m p l e of
Technical English (44)
IK 4 D o c u m e n t a t i o n
- Szanser, A . J . : A u t o m a t i c E r r o r - c o r r e c t i o n in Natural
L a n g u a g e s (7)
A S h o r t G u i d e t o t h e L a k e M ~ l a r I s l a n d s
G e n e r a l i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t t h e a r e a
W h e n a S t o c k h o l m e r s p e a k s of " M ~ i l a r 6 a r n a " ( t h e
M ~ l a r I s l a n d s ) h e r e f e r s to t h e i s l a n d s on t h e e n c l o s e d m a p ;
L a k e M ~ l a r c o n t a i n s , h o w e v e r , t h o u s a n d s of i s l a n d s a n d e x -
t e n d s a b o u t 70 m i l e s w e s t o f S t o c k h o l m , w i t h a n a r e a of a b o u t
400 s q u a r e m i l e s . I n e a r l y t i m e s , L a k e M ~ l a r w a s p a r t of
t h e B a l t i c S e a . A s a r e s u l t of l a n d e m e r g i n g o u t of t h e s e a
e v e r s i n c e t h e e n d o f t h e I c e A g e ( a t a r a t e of a b o u t t e n
i n c h e s i n a h u n d r e d y e a r s ) i t b e c a m e a l a k e d u r i n g t h e 1Zth
c e n t u r y w i t h o u t l e t s to t h e s e a on b o t h s i d e s o f t h e O l d T o w n
o f S t o c k h o l m . A t t h a t t i m e t h e w a t e r l e v e l w a s m o r e t h a n t e n
f e e t h i g h e r t h a n n o w , a n d i n t h e V i k i n g A g e ( 9 t h to 10th c e n -
t u r y ) s i x t e e n f e e t h i g h e r t h a n a t p r e s e n t . T h e w h o l e a r e a
b e t w e e n S t o c k h o l m a n d U p p s a l a w a s c r o s s e d b y m a n y w a t e r -
w a y s i n t h o s e d a y s , a n d t h e B a l t i c S e a c o u l d a l s o b e r e a c h e d
t h r o u g h t h e s t r a i t s a t S 6 d e r t ~ l j e . N o w a d a y s t h e l a k e i s t r a f -
f i c a b l e f o r l a r g e v e s s e l s o n l y b e c a u s e of c a n a l s a n d l o c k s
b u i l t i n S t o c k h o l m a n d S 6 d e r t ~ i l j e a n d w h i c h a r e c o n s t a n t l y
d r e d g e d . V e s s e l s w i t h a d r a u g h t of l e s s t h a n 18 f e e t c a n
r e a c h V ~ i s t e r ~ s a n d K 6 p i n g i n t h e w e s t p a r t o f L a k e M ~ i l a r .
I n 1820, r e g u l a r s t e a m s h i p p a s s e n g e r t r a f f i c b e g a n b e t w e e n
a l l t o w n s on t h e l a k e ; t h e s e s t e a m s h i p s h a v e a l m o s t d i s -
a p p e a r e d t h r o u g h t h e d e v e l o p m e n t of a u t o m o b i l e a n d b u s t r a f -
f i c , b u t s o m e a r e s t i l l k e p t r u n n i n g t h r o u g h c u l t u r a l o r g a n i -
z a t i o n s .
T h e M~[lar Islands w e r e early a flourishing a r e a thanks
to agriculture a n d trade on the Baltic a n d the N o r t h Seas.
This is e v i d e n c e d f r o m m a n y m o n u m e n t s f r o m the G e r m a n i c
Migration, the Viking A g e a n d the early M i d d l e A g e s : burial
m o u n d s , r u n e stones, a n d rich archeological findings h a v e
b e e n discovered, especially on the t w o trading places B i r k a
a n d H e l g ~ ( N o s 18 a n d Z3 on the map), both situated on snaall
islands. A b o u t 1300, king M a g n u s Ladui~[s resided for a while
o n A d e l s 6 , t h e w e s t e r n - m o s t i s l a n d o n t h e m a p . A l r e a d y i n t h e M i d d l e - A g e s l a r g e e s t a t e o w n e r s , m o s t l y n o b i l i t y , d o m i - n a t e d t h e i s l a n d s , a n d m a n y s m a l l c a s t l e s o r l a r g e m a n o r s c a n b e f o u n d i n t h e i s l a n d s . N o w a d a y s , t h e s t a t e o r e c o n o m i c o r g a n i z a t i o n s o w n t h e l a n d i n m a n y p l a c e s . A g r i c u l t u r e i s
t
s t i l l i m p o r t a n t : t h e M ~ i l a r I s l a n d s a r e a b o v e a l l f a m o u s f o r f r u i t f a r m i n g . A f t e r t h e k i n g s o f t h e W a s a f a m i l y h a d t a k e n u p p e r m a n e n t r e s i d e n c e i n S t o c k h o l m , t h e y a c q u i r e d l a n d h e r e . T h e p a l a c e o f S v a r t s j 6 ( N o 10) c a m e t o b e r o y a l p r o p e r t y a n d i n t h e s a m e c e n t u r y t h e f i r s t p a l a c e a t D r o t t n i n g h o l r n (No 26; d r o t t n i n g = q u e e n ) w a s b u i l t .
T h e o l d e s t r e m a i n i n g b u i l d i n g s i n t h e i s l a n d s , h o w e v e r , a r e c h u r c h e s . O n F g r i n g s 6 i s l a n d , a l s o c a l l e d S v a r t s j O l a n d e t , w h e r e S ~ n g a - S ~ i b y i s s i t u a t e d , t h e r e a r e f o u r c h u r c h e s : Sk~, S A n g a , H i l l e s h O g , a n d F ~ i r e n t u n a ( N o s 12, 9, 8, a n d 5, r e s - p e c t i v e i y ) . T h e r e a r e M e d i e v a l p a i n t i n g s i n t h e v a u l t s of t h e l a t t e r t h r e e . T h e c h u r c h of L o v 6 l i e s n e a r D r o t t n i n g h o l m . T h e c h u r c h o f E k e r 6 (No Z1) i s a l o n g t h e r o a d b e t w e e n D r o t t - n i n g h o l m a n d S k y t t e h o l m . F u r t h e r a l o n g t h e s a m e r o a d o n e f i n d s t h e c h u r c h o f M u n s 6 ( N o 31) a n d , f i n a l l y , t h e c h u r c h o f A d e l s 6 . A l l t h e s e c h u r c h e s w e r e a l r e a d y i n e x i s t e n c e w h e n t h e b a y o f M ~ i l a r e n b e c a m e a l a k e i n t h e I Z t h c e n t u r y . T h e r e - f o r e , m a n y o f t h e m w e r e a l s o b u i l t a s f o r t r e s s e s t o p r o t e c t t h e p o p u l a t i o n , f o r t h e d i s t r i c t o f M g l a r e n w a s o f t e n r a v a g e d b y p i r a t e s a n d o r g a n i z e d w a r f l e e t s f r o m F i n l a n d a n d E s t o n i a w h i c h , f o r i n s t a n c e , d e s t r o y e d t h e t o w n s o f B i r k a a n d S i g t u n a . T o s e r v e a s " l o c k a n d b o l t o f L a k e M ~ i l a r e n " , t h e c i t y o f S t o c k h o l m w a s f o u n d e d i n t h e 1 3 t h c e n t u r y , t a k i n g o v e r t h e
r o l e o f t r a d i n g p l a c e w h i c h h a d p r e v i o u s l y b e e n p l a y e d b y t h e M Y l a r I s l a n d s , S i g t u n a , a n d U p p s a l a . S i n c e t h a t t i m e t h e h i s - t o r y o f t h e M~ilai: I s l a n d s h a s b e e n p e a c e f u l . M a n y l e a d i n g s t a t e s m e n o w n e d l a n d h e r e , f¢,: i n s t a n c e S k y t t e h o l m , d u r i n g t h e 1 7 t h a n d 1 8 t h c e n t u r i e s , w h e n S w e d e n w a s a G r e a t P o w e r .
N o w a d a y s , t h e b e a u t i f u l i s l a n d s a r e p o p u l a r g o a l s f o r e x c u r s i o n s - o n b i k e , b y c a r , b y b u s , o r b y s a i l o r m o t o r b o a t s .
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L e s e n d s of' t h e m a p
A = Island o£ F~irings0 or SvartsjSlandet B = Island of L o v 0
C = Island of E k e r 6
D = Island of Lill6 or H e l g 0
E = Island of IVlunsO ( n o w g r o w n together w i t h E k e r 6 ) F
