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Volume 2009, Article ID 946569,17pages doi:10.1155/2009/946569

Research Article

On Interpolation Functions of the Generalized

Twisted

h, q

-Euler Polynomials

Kyoung Ho Park

Department of Mathematics, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, South Korea

Correspondence should be addressed to Kyoung Ho Park,[email protected]

Received 5 November 2008; Accepted 14 January 2009

Recommended by Vijay Gupta

The aim of this paper is to constructp-adic twisted two-variable Euler-h,q-L-functions, which interpolate generalized twistedh,q-Euler polynomials at negative integers. In this paper, we treat twistedh,q-Euler numbers and polynomials associated withp-adic invariant integral onZp. We will construct two-variable twistedh,q-Euler-zeta function and two-variableh,q-L-function in Complexs-plane.

Copyrightq2009 Kyoung Ho Park. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

1. Introduction

Tsumura and Young treated the interpolation functions of the Bernoulli and Euler polynomials in 1,2. Kim and Simsek studied onp-adic interpolation functions of these numbers and polynomials3–48. In49, Carlitz originally constructedq-Bernoulli numbers and polynomials. Many authors studied these numbers and polynomials 4, 28, 38, 41,

50. After that, twistedh, q-Bernoulli and Euler numberspolynomials were studied by several authors 1–32, 32–65. In 62, Whashington constructed one-variable p-adic-L -function which interpolates generalized classical Bernoulli numbers at negative integers. Fox introduced the two-variable p-adi L-functions 53. Young defined p-adic integral representation for the two-variable p-adicL-functions64. Furthermore, Kim constructed

the two-variable p-adic q-L-function, which is interpolation function of the generalized q-Bernoulli polynomials 8. This function is the q-extension of the two-variable p-adic L-function. Kim constructed q-extension of the generalized formula for two-variable of Diamond and Ferrero and Greenberg formula for two-variablep-adicL-function in the terms of thep-adic gamma and log-gamma functions8. Kim and Rim introduced twistedq-Euler numbers and polynomials associated with basic twistedq--functions28. Also, Jang et al.

(2)

q-Euler numbers En,q,ξ,χ attached to Dirichlet’s character χ 55. Kim et al. have studied

two-variablep-adicL-functions, which interpolate the generalized Bernoulli polynomials at negative integers. In this paper, we will construct two-variale p-adic twisted Euler h, q -L-functions. This functions interpolation functions of the generalized twisted h, q-Euler polynomials.

Let p be a fixed odd prime number. Throughout this paper Z,Zp,Qp and Cp will

respectively denote the ring of rational integers, the ring ofp-adic rational integers, the field ofp-adic rational numbers and the completion of the algebraic closure ofQp. Letvp be the

normalized exponential valuation ofCp such that|p|p pvpp p−1. Ifs ∈ C, then|q| <1.

If q ∈ Cp, we normally assume |1 −q|p < p−1/p−1, so that qx explogq for|x|p ≤ 1.

Throughout this paper we use the following notationscf.1–32,32–48,50,51,54–65:

xq x:q

1−qx

1−q, xq

1−−qx

1q . 1.1

Hence, limq→1xqx, for anyxwith|x|p≤1 in the presentp-adic case.

Forda fixed positive integer withp, d 1, set

X Xd lim N

Z

dpNZ, X1Zp,

X

0<a<dp,

a,p1

adpZp

,

adpNZ p

xX |xamod dpN,

1.2

wherea∈Zsatisfies the condition 0≤a < dpN. The distribution is defined by

μq

adpNZ p

qa dpN

q

. 1.3

We say thatf is uniformly differential function at a pointa∈ Zp, and we writef

UDZp, if the difference quotients, Ffx, y fxfy/xyhave a limitfaas

x, ya, a.

ForfUDZp, thep-adic invariantq-integral onZpis defined as4,18

Iqf

Zpfxdμqx Nlim→ ∞

1 pN

q pN1

x0

fxqx. 1.4

The fermionicp-adicq-measures onZpis defined ascf.14–16,18,22,28

μq

adpNZp

qa dpN

q

(3)

forfUDZp. ForfUDZp, the ferminoicp-adic invariantq-integral onZpis defined

as

Iqf

Zpfxdμqx Nlim→ ∞

1 pN

q pN1

x0

fxqx, 1.6

which has a sense as we see readily that the limit is convergent. ForfUDZp,Cp, we note

thatcf.14,16,18,22,28

Zpfxdμ−1x

X

fxdμ−1x. 1.7

From the fermionic invariant integral onZp, we derive the following integral equation

cf.14,35:

I−1

f1

I−1f 2f0, 1.8

wheref1x fx1.

2. Twisted

h, q

-Euler Numbers and Polynomials

In this section, we will treat some properties of twistedh, q-Euler numbers and polynomials associated withp-adic invariant integral onZp. From now on, we takeh∈Zandq∈Cpwith

|q−1|p< p−1/p−1. LetCpn be the space of primitivepnth root of unity,

Cpn w∈Cpn |wp n

1. 2.1

Then, we denote

Tp lim n→ ∞Cpn

n≥0

Cpn. 2.2

HenceTpis ap-adic locally constant space. ForξTp, we denote byφξ :Zp → Cpdefined by

φξx ξx, the locally constant function. If we takefx ξxext, then we havecf.35

En,ξ

Zpx

nξn

−1x. 2.3

By induction in1.8, Kim constructed the following useful identitycf.14,28:

I−1

fn

−1n−1I

−1f 2

n−1

0

(4)

wheren∈N, fnfxn. From2.4, ifnis odd, then we have

I−1

fn

I−1f 2

n−1

0 −1

f. 2.5

If we replacenbydoddinto2.5, we obtain

I−1

fd

I−1f 2

d−1

0 −1

f. 2.6

LetξTp. Letχbe a Dirichlet’s character of conductord, whichdis any multiple ofp

withp≡1mod 2. By substitutingfx χxξxextinto2.6, we have

I−1

χxξxext

n0 En,ξ,χt

n

n!. 2.7

Remark 2.1. In complex case, the generating function of the Euler numbersEn,ξ,χ is given by

cf.28

2 d01−1χξet

ξdedt1

n0 En,ξ,χt

n

n!, |t|< π

d. 2.8

By using Taylor series ofext, then we can define the generalized twisted Euler numbersEn,ξ,χ

attached toχas followscf.55:

En,ξ,χ

X

ξnxnχxdμ−1x. 2.9

In8,h, q-Euler numbers were defined by

En,qh,1x

Zpq

h−1yxyn

qdμqy, 2.10

whereh∈Zandx∈Zp. In particular, if we takex0, thenEn,qh,10 En,qh,1. These numbers

are calledh, q-Euler numbers.

By using iterative method ofp-adic invariant integral onZpin the sense of fermionic,

we define twistedh, q-Euler numbers as followscf.55:

En,q,ξh,1x

Zpq

h−1yφ

(5)

Forh∈Zandn∈N, we have thatcf.55

En,q,ξh,1x 1q 1−qn

n

i0

n i

−1i

qxi 1

1ξqhi, 2.12

En,q,ξh,1x 1q 1qd

d−1

a0 −1a

qhaξaEh,1 n,ξd,qd

xa d

dnq, 2.13

whered∈Nwithd≡1mod 2.

LetFq,ξh,1t, xbe the generating function ofEn,q,ξh,1xin complex plane as followscf. 55:

Fq,ξh,1t, x 1q

n0 −1n

qhnξnetnxq

n0

En,q,ξh,1xt

n

n!.

2.14

Letχbe the Dirichlet’s character with conductord∈Nwithd≡1 mod 2. Then the generalized twistedh, q-Euler polynomials attached toχis given by as follows:

Forn∈ZN∪ {0},

En,q,ξ,χh,1 x

X

χyqh−1yξyxyn

qdμqy, 2.15

whereh∈Z, dis any multiple ofpwithp≡1mod 2andx∈Cp.

Then the distribution relation of the generalized twistedh, q-Euler polynomials is given by as followscf.14:

En,q,ξ,χh,1 x 1q 1qd

d

a1

χa−1aqhaξaEn,qh,1dd

xa d

dnq. 2.16

3. Two-Variable Twisted

h, q

-Euler-Zeta Function and

h, q

-

L

-Function

In this section, we will construct two-variable twisted h, q-Euler-zeta function and two-variableh, q-L-function in Complexs-plane. We assumeq∈Cwith|q|<1.

Firstly, we consider twisted q-Euler numbers and polynomials in C as followscf. 55:

Fq,ξh,1t, x 1q

n0

−1nqhnξnetnxq

n0

En,q,ξh,1xt

n

n!,

(6)

whereq, x ∈ C, r ∈ Z N∪ {0}andξ isrth root of unity. In particular, if we takex 0, then we haveEn,q,ξh,10 En,q,ξh,1. These numbers are called twisted Euler numbers. By using derivative operator, we havedk/dtkF

q,ξt, x|t0En,q,ξh,1x.

From3.1, we can define Hurwitz-type twistedh, q-Euler-zeta function as follows cf.55:

ζE,q,ξh,1s, x 1q

k0

−1kqhkξk

xksq

, 3.2

whereq∈C,|q|<1, s∈C, h∈Zandx∈R,0< x≤1. Note that ifx1 in3.2, then we see

that the twistedh, q-Euler-zeta function is defined bycf.28,55

ζE,q,ξh,1s 1q

k1

−1kqhkξk

ksq

, s∈C,Res>1. 3.3

Forn∈N, we knowcf.28

ζE,q,ξh,1−n, x En,q,ξh,1x. 3.4

From now on, we will define the two-variableh, q-L-functionsLE,q,ξh,1s, x :χwhich interpolates the generalizedh, q-Euler polynomials.

Definition 3.1. Let χbe the Dirichlet’s character with conductor dwith d ≡ 1 mod 2. For

s∈C, h∈Zandx∈R,0< x≤1, we define

LE,q,ξh,1s, x:χ 1q

n0

χn−1nqhnξn

nxsq

. 3.5

By substitutingnajd, d≡1mod 2,1≤adandn0,1,2, . . .into3.5, then

using3.2, we have

LE,q,ξh,1s, x:χ1q

d

a1

j0

χajd−1ajdqhajdξajd

ajdxsq

1q

d

a1

χa−1aqhaξa

dsq

j0

−1jd

qhjd

j ax/dsqd

1q 1qd

d

a1

χa−1aqhaξaζh,1

E,qdd

s,ax d

dqs.

3.6

(7)

Theorem 3.2. For s ∈ C, h ∈ Z, letχ be the Dirichlet’s character with conductor dwith d ≡ 1mod 2. Then one has

LE,q,ξh,1s, x:χ 1q 1qd

d

a1

χa−1aqhaξaζE,qh,1dd

s,ax d

dqs. 3.7

By substitutingsnwithn >0, into3.7, we obtain

LE,q,ξh,1−n, x:χ 1q 1qd

d

a1

χa−1aqhaξaζE,qh,1dd

n,ax d

dnq

1q 1qd

d

a1

χa−1aqhaξaEn,qh,1dd

ax d

dnq

En,q,ξ,χh,1 x,

3.8

whered≡1 mod 2, d∈N.

Thus, we have the following theorem.

Theorem 3.3. Forn ∈N, letχbe the Dirichlet’s character with conductordwithd ≡ 1mod 2. Then one has

LE,q,ξh,1−n, x:χ En,q,ξ,χh,1 x. 3.9

Remark 3.4. If we takex1 in3.5, then we havecf.28,55

LE,q,ξh,1s, χ 1q

n1

χn−1nqhnξn

nsq

, fors∈C. 3.10

From3.9and3.10, we have the following corollary.

Corollary 3.5. Letχbe the Dirichlet’s character with conductordwithd ≡ 1mod 2. Then one has

En,q,ξ,χh,1 x 1q 1qd

d

a1

χa−1aqhaξaEn,qh,1dd

ax d

dnq. 3.11

Secondly, we will define two-variable twisted Eulerh, q-L-function as follows.

Definition 3.6. Letχbe the Dirichlet’s character with conductordwithd≡1 mod 2, d∈N.

Fors∈C, h∈Z, x∈R,0< x≤1 andξr 1 withξ /1, we define

LE,q,ξh,1s, x:χ 1q

k0

χk−1kqhkξk

(8)

We consider the well-known identitycf.44,65

1 1−xs

j0

sj−1 j

xj. 3.13

By using3.12, we define two-variable twisted Eulerh, q-L-function as follows:

LE,q,ξh,1s, x:χ 1q1−qs

j0

k0

sj−1 j

χk−1kξkqhkjkx. 3.14

We will investigate the relations betweenLE,q,ξh,1s, x:χandLE,q,ξh,1s, χas follows. Substitutingk ajd, a 1,2, . . . , dwithd ≡1 mod 2, j 0,1,2, . . . ,into3.12,

we have

LE,q,ξh,1s, x:χ 1q

d

a1

j0

χajd−1ajdqhajdξajd

ajdxsq , 3.15

Thus we obtain the following theorem.

Theorem 3.7. Fors ∈ Cwithh ∈ Z, letχbe the Dirichlet character with conductordwithd ≡ 1mod 2andx∈R,0< x≤1, ξr 1withξ /1. Then one has

LE,q,ξh,1s, x:χ 1q 1qd

d

a1

χa−1aqhaξaζE,qh,1dd

s,ax d

dqs. 3.16

By substitutingsnwithn∈Ninto3.16and using3.4, we can obtain

LE,q,ξh,1−n, x:χ 1q 1qd

d

a1

χa−1aqhaξaζE,qh,1dd

n,ax d

dnq

1q 1qd

d

a1

χa−1aqhaξaEn,qh,1dd

ax d

dnq

En,q,ξ,χh,1 x.

3.17

Thus, we see that the functionLE,q,wh,1s, x:χinterpolates generalizedh, q-Euler polynomi-als attached toχat negative integer values ofsas followings.

Theorem 3.8. Forn∈N, letχbe the Dirichlet’s character with odd conductord. Then one has

LE,q,ξh,1−n, x:χ En,q,ξ,χh,1 x. 3.18

(9)

LetaandFbe integers withF≡1mod 2and 0< a < F. Fors∈C, we define partial h, q-Hurwitz type zeta functionHE,q,ξh,1s, a, x|Fas follows:

HE,q,ξh,1s, a, x|F

mamodF, m>0

−1mqhmξm

mxsq

. 3.19

By substitutingmajF, we have

HE,q,ξh,1s, a, x|F

j0

−1ajFqhajFξajF

ajFxsq

−1aqhaξaFs q

j0

−1jFqFhjξFj

ax/F jsqF

Fqs−1aqhaξa

1 1qF

j0

−1jFqFhjξFj

ax/F jsqF

Fqs

−1aqhaξa

1qF ζ

h,1

E,qFF

s,ax F

.

3.20

By substituting3.2, forsn, we get

HE,q,ξh,1s, a, x|F Fnq

−1a

qhaξa

1qF E

h,1

n,qFF

ax F

. 3.21

Equation 3.20 means that the function HE,q,ξh,1s, a, x | F interpolates En,q,ξh,1s, a, x | F polynomials at negative integers.

From3.16and3.20, we have the following theorem.

Theorem 3.9. Fors∈C, ξr 1withξ /1, letχbe the Dirichlet’s character with conductordN

withd≡1mod 2andx∈R,0< x≤1, Fis any multiple ofd. Then one has

LE,q,ξh,1s, x:χ 1q

F

a1

χa−1aHE,q,ξh,1s, a, x|F. 3.22

Remark 3.10. If we takes0 in3.22, then we have

LE,q,ξh,10, x:χ 1q

F

a1

χaHE,q,ξh,10, a, x|F

1q 1qF

F

a1

χa−1aqhaξaEh,1

0,qFF

ax F

.

3.23

(10)

Corollary 3.11. Fors∈C, ξr 1withξ /1, letχbe the Dirichlet’s character with conductordN

withd≡1 mod 2andx∈R,0< x≤1,Fis any multiple ofd. Then one has

LE,q,ξh,10, x:χ 1q 2

1qF1ξqh F

a1

χa−1aqhaξa. 3.24

4.

p

-Adic Twisted Two-Variable Euler

h, q

-

L

-Functions

In 62, Washington constructed one-variable p-adic-L-function which interpolates gen-eralized classical Bernoulli numbers negative integers. Kim 22 investigated the p-adic analogues of two-variables Euler q-L-function. In this section, we will construct p-adic twisted two-variable Euler-h, q-L-functions, which interpolate generalized twisted h, q -Euler polynomials at negative integers. Our notations and methods are essentially due to Kim and Washingtoncf.22,62.

We assume thatq ∈ Cpwith |1−q|p < p−1/p−1, so thatqx expxlogq. Letpbe

an odd prime number. Let ωdenote the Teichm ¨uller character having conductorp. For an arbitrary character χ, we define χn χωn, wheren ∈ Z, in the sense of the product of

characters. Let a a : q ω−1aa

q aq/ωa. Thena ≡ 1modp11/p−1.

Hence we see that

aptω−1aptaptq

ω−1aaqω−1aqaptq

≡1mod p11/p−1,

4.1

wheret∈Cpwith|t|p≤1,a, p 1.

We denote the subsetDofC∗pbycf.62

D{s∈Cp:|s|pp1−1/p−1}. 4.2

Let

Ajx

j0

an,jxn, an,j ∈Cp, j0,1,2, . . . , 4.3

be a sequence of power series, each of which converges in a fixed subsetDsuch that

1an,jan,0asj → ∞for alln, jand

2for eachsDandε >0, there existsn0n0s, εsuch that

nn0

an,jsn

p

< ε, for∀j. 4.4

(11)

Letχbe the Dirichlet’s character with conductordwithd≡1 mod 2and letF be a positive multiple ofpandd.

Now we set

LE,p,q,ξh,1 s, x:χ 1q 1qF

F

a1, pa

χa−1aξaapts

·∞

j0

s j

Ej,qh,F1Fqjapt

F apt

j

qapt .

4.5

ThenLE,p,q,ξh,1 s, x:χis analytic fort∈Cpwith|t|p ≤1, whensD. Fort∈Cpwith|t|p ≤1,

we have

j0

s j

Ej,qh,F1Fqjapt

F apt

j

qapt

4.6

is analytic forsD. It readily follows that

aptsωsaaptsqas

m0

s

m q

aa−1

q ptq

m

4.7

is analytic fors∈Cpwith|t|p≤1 whensD. Thus we see that

LE,p,q,ξh,1 0, x:χ 1q 2

F

a1 −1aχ

naξa. 4.8

Letn∈Zand fixedt∈Cpwith|t|p≤1. Then we have that

En,q,ξ,χh,1

npt F

n q

1q 1qF

F

a0

χna−1aξaEn,qh,1FF

apt F

. 4.9

Ifχnp/0, thenp, dχn 1, soF/pis a multiple ofdχn. Therefore, we have

χnppnqE h,1

n,qFF nt

χnppnq

F p

n

qp 1qp 1qpF/p

F/p−1

a0

χna−1aξaEn,h,q1pF/p,ξpF/p

at F/p

Fnq

1qp

1qF F

a0

pa

χna−1aξaEn,qh,1FF

apt F

.

(12)

Then we note that

1q

1qpχnpp n qE

h,1

n,qFF nt

1q 1qFF

n q

F

a0

p|a

χna−1aξaEn,qh,1FF

apt F

. 4.11

The difference of these equations yields

En,q,ξ,χh,1 npt

1q

1qpχnpp n

qEn,qh,1FFnt

1q 1qFF

n q

F

a0

pa

χna−1aξaEn,qh,1FF

apt F

.

4.12

Using distribution forh, q-Euler polynomials, we easily see that

En,qh,1FF

apt F

Fqnaptnq n

k0

n k

qaptkξa

F apt

k

qapt

Ek,qh,1FF. 4.13

Sinceχna χaωna, fora, p 1, andt∈Cp, with|t|p≤1, we have

En,q,ξ,χh,1 npt

1q

1qpχnpp n

qEn,qh,1FFnt

1q 1qF

F−1

a0

χna−1aξaEn,qh,1FF

apt F

1q 1qp

F−1

a0, pa

χna−1aξaaptn n

k0

n k

qaptk

F apt

k

qapt Ek,qh,1FF.

4.14

From4.5–4.14, we can derive that

En,q,ξ,χh,1 npt− 1q

1qpχnpp n

qEn,qh,1ppnt L

h,1

E,p,q,ξn, t:χ. 4.15

Therefore we obtain the following theorem.

Theorem 4.1. LetFbe a positive integral multiple ofpandddχwithF≡1mod 2, and let

LE,p,q,ξh,1 s, t:χ 1q 1qd

F

a1, pa

χa−1aξaapts

m0

s m

qaptm

F apt

m

qapt

Em,qh,1FF.

(13)

ThenLE,p,q,ξh,1 s, t : χis analytic for t ∈ Cp,|t|p ≤ 1, provides sD when χ 1.

Furthermore, for eachn∈Z, we have

LE,p,q,ξh,1 −n, t:χ En,q,ξ,χh,1 npt− 1q

1qpχnpp n qE

h,1

n,qpp

nt. 4.17

Thus we note thatLE,p,q,ξh,1 s,0 : χ LE,p,q,ξh,1 s, χfor allsD, whereLE,p,q,ξh,1 s, χis twisted p-adic Eulerh, q-L-function,cf.15,22.

We now generalized to two-variable p-adic Euler h, q-L-function, LE,p,q,ξh,1 s, t : χ which is first defined by the interpolation function

HE,p,q,ξh,1 s, a, x|F −1

a

1qFq

haξaapts

·∞

j0

s j

qjapt

F

q

aptq

j

Ej,qh,F1F,

4.18

fors∈Zp.

From4.18, we have that

HE,p,q,ξh,1 −n, a, x|F −1

a

1qFξ

aqhaaptna

j0

n j

qaptj

Fq

aq

j

Ej,qh,F1F

−1a 1qFq

haξaωnaFn qEn,qFF

a F

ωnaHE,q,ξh,1−n, a, x|F.

4.19

By using the definition of HE,p,q,ξh,1 s, a, x | F, we can express LE,p,q,ξh,1 s, t : χ for all a

Z,a, p 1 andt∈Cpwith|t| ≤1 as follows:

LE,p,q,ξh,1 s, t:χ

F

a1, pa

χaHE,p,q,ξh,1 s, apt|F. 4.20

We know thatHE,p,q,ξh,1 s, apt |Fis analytic fort ∈ Cp,|t| ≤1, whensD. The value of

∂/∂sLE,p,q,ξh,1 s, t:χis the coefficients ofsin the expansion ofLE,p,q,ξh,1 s, t:χats0. Using the Taylor expansion ats0, we see that

apts1−slogapt· · ·,

s m

−1m

(14)

Thep-adic logarithmic function, logp, is the unique functionC∗p → Cpthat satisfies

logp1x

n1 −1n

n x

n, |x| p<1,

logpxy logpx logpy,x, y∈C∗p,

logpp 0.

4.22

By employing these expansion and some algebraic manipulations, we evaluate the derivative ∂/∂sLE,p,q,ξh,1 0, t:χ. It follows from the definition ofLE,p,q,ξs, t:χthat

LE,p,q,ξh,1 s, t:χ 1q 1qF

F

a1, pa

χa−1aξaapts

·∞

m0

s m

qaptm

F apt

m

qapt

Em,qh,1FF.

4.23

Thus, we have

∂sL

h,1

E,p,q,ξs, t:χ|s0 1q 1qF

F

a1, pa

χa−1aξa

·

−logaptE0h,,q1FF

m1 −1m

m q

aptm

F apt

m

qapt Em,qh,1FF

.

4.24

Sinceωais a root of unity fora, p 1, we have

logpaptlogpapt logpω−1a logpapt. 4.25

Thus we have the following theorem.

Theorem 4.2. Letχbe a primitive Dirichlet’s character with odd conductord, d∈Nand letFbe a odd positive integral multiple ofpandd. Then for anyt∈Cpwith|t| ≤1, one has

∂sL

h,1

E,p,q,ξs, t:χ

1q 1qF

F

a1, pa

χa−1aξa

m1 −1m

m q

aptm

F

q

aptq

m

Em,qh,1FF

−1q

2

F

a1

pa

χa−1aξalogapt.

(15)

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References

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