l!.og BOOK l Wm. C. Noble National Museum of Canada Ju 1 y s ; A\u«f:"i,,;;t :i '/ It c Ottawa 4, Ontario. - assisted by P.J.

l!.OG BOOK l

Wm. C. Noble

National Museum of Canada Ju 1 y s ; 6 6 -

A\u«f:"i,,;;t

It

- assisted by P.J. Carruthers

Mr. T. A. Russell Administrator

National Museum of Canada Ottawa 4.

992-4123 Area Code 613

Tuesday, July 5₁ 1966

- left Toronto International airport at 10:25 EST -- jet DC-8

- 2 males one way -- $178.00 - to Edmonton

- arrived in Edmonton 11:15 MT

- taxi from Edmonton airport to the Industrial airport and Pacific Western Airlines -- $6.70

- went over to Edmonton Inn across street.

PWA to Hay River at 10:30 Wed. July 6 -- made reservations - Room at Edmonton Inn for 2 males -- $16.50.

-· very expensive and not elegant; very close to airport.

- dinner: 2 males - $7.10.

Wednesday, July 6₁ 1966

• • •

- breakfast: 2 males - $3.00

- taxi across to Industrial Airport - $.60.

- tickets to Hay River from Edmonton - $104.00 - 2 males one way.

- airplane late - fly out time 1:00 p.m. MT

•

Wed. July 6/66 Cont'd

- 1:15 flew out of Edmonton to Peace River by PWA - arrived in Peace River - 3:30 PM

- held up until 4:30 and informed the dry dirt field at Hay River had been rained out and was a sea of mud.

- PWA then took us into Peace River by bus, fed us, and drove us to Hay River by bus charter.

- Mr. Nuttall of Northward Airways, Edmonton, had informed me that an otter was being flown from Yellowknife to Hay River by either Smokey Hornby or Willey Laserich. This plane would be at Hay River 6:00 p.m. July 6, 1966.

- arrived by bus at Hay River 3:30 a.m. July 7₁ 1966.

- phoned Northward Aviation and got Willey Laserich. No accommodation at Hay River hotel or 2 motels.

- slept 4 hours at home of Mrs. Cathy Van Tuyl - very generous and hospitable.

(Northward Aviation, Hay River, phone 2598 )

� Edmonton, phone 454-9661)

Thursday, July 7/66

• • •

- arose at 8:00 a.m. and went to get gear from Grimshaw Tvucking Compound.

- they only had the shovels and tent poles. Northern

Transportation had the remaining gear except the freight canoe. The canoe had been shipped into Waterways, Alta • -- no roads to this place, and all equipment is barged out -- next barge load, if lucky, will arrive in a week and a half.

- told Willey Laserick we could not fly to Snowdrift with him without the canoe.

- phoned Mr. T.A. Russell to explain the situation and get clearance to rent a truck for road survey around beaches at SW end of Great Slave.

- breakfast: 2 males - $3.30.

- waiting for wire from Ottawa.

- walked around northeastern end of Hay River Is,where eastern channel flows into Great Slave.

- all sand.

July 7/66 Cont'd

Mouth Site

'row;,

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\C\.ui'e,,

r;rei..'t S\a.v

e /1

3

- picked up 2 pieces of thick white historic porcelain and one ummmmmmmm�memmmm fine grained quartzite core.

- surface mtls. found in direct line across from mission church

- on property belonging to barge dock.

- ground all bulldozed exposing sand which normally under- lies 6'' - 9'' black topsoil.

would expect sites across the river near the mission.

received wire from Mr. Russell giving OK to rent truck.

- rented a 1965 GMC ½ ton from Avis Co. - mileage upon receiving was 45452.

- lunch: 2 males - $2.90,

- consolidated gear from Grimshaw compound and Northern Transportation warehouse.

sorted and loaded it into truck.

- took chest with engine down to Northward Aviation dock and left it in small building under care of Mrs. C. Van Tuyl.

- drove around to estuary on northeastern end of Hay River island -- Fly site here.

- drove to juncture of eastern and western channel around Hay River Is. -- Flood site here.

- received phone call from Yellowknife from Northward Aviation Co. confirming change in charters.

- Room $8.00.

Page 4 of 64

July 7/66 Cont'd

Fly Site

- on Indian porperty at Hay River -- near dead end channel of Hay River island

- 700 yds. west from juncture of MacKenzie Drive and 102nd Street -- past Fisheries bldgs. near estuary bank.

- back from bank 30^1•

- water tumbled ovoid biface

)l"-·----

- surface find on bank 8' above present water level.

- lot of flies.

- poor exposure.

- Indian cabins all around.

Flood Site

at juncture of Hay River prior to encirclement of Hay River Island.

- 2 flakes and one polished portion of basalt.

July 7/66 Cont'd Flood Site

- on southern side of undistrubed island of high ground

36/ feet above present river level and back from river 150'.

- interesting alluvial flood lenses in soil on both sides of Hay River at this juncture.

old channel c. 12' wide and filled in, visible immediately across the river from the Flood site.

- Flood site not very rich

- is located on south side of West Channel of Hay River.

- Jim Wright and I had checked this site area in summer of 1964.

- couple of small hearths present.

- Dinner: 2 males - $6.70.

Friday, July 8, 1966 - Breakfast: $2.30.

• • •

Top. map of Providence - $.50.

- Truck mileage 45558.2

- Groceries HBCo. Hay River - $39.73.

- B&W film - 4 rolls at $1.10 - $4.40 - Naptha - 2 gals. - $1.10.

- Reg. Car Gas 15 gals - $7.97.

- Working down the MacKenzie Hwy. from Hay River. Made several unprofitable stops.

- passed Paradise Gardens where Jim Wright and I had pre­

viously checked without any results.

NA and NR Site

- turned in at NA and NR gravel pit on east side of MacKenzie Hwy. bordering the Hay River.

small site, likely Archaic, concentrated on small rise at east end of gravel pit, where bush road starts. The

bulldozed road has skimmed the upper turf off exposing various flkaes and end scrapers.

- very thin site though and probably most of it has been re-

July 8/66 Cont'd NA and Nr Site

moved in the gravel pit area proper.

- .2 miles in to site from junction of MacKenzie Hwy. and NA and NR service road •

•

- complex gravel and sand, with overlying till stratigraphy in the gravel pit.

- site is on top of bluff c. 100 feet above River level.

- the NA and' NR gravel pit is 4.5 miles north of the MacKenzie Hwy. junction with the Yellowknife cut off.

Sink Hole Site

- located on _north side of road 23;7 miles toward Kakisa Lake.

small rivei crosses the ro�d and plunges downward in a large deep sink hole.

site is located on ridge bordering east side of river just south of the sink hole.

July 8/66 Cont'd Sink Hole Site

material distributed in an area 30' x 25' square just under present pine needle and leaf mould.

- gravel underlies this�mould, with reddish soil intermixed.

- very small chipping detritus of black and grey chert flakes, - lot of fire cracked rock.

- moved on and drove into Park on Hart Lake.

- set up camp for night on high ground at NW end of lake.

Hart Lake Site

site here -- flakes and cores, side scraper.

- at point on NE corner of lake.

Gov•t. camp grounds here, and bulldozed road cuts right through the site.

material is thin but widely distributed around the point.

point is 8 to 10 feet above present lake level, and com­

posed of gravelly sand,

- good exposure from the bulldozing.

Saturday, July 9, 1966.

- breakfast.

- did more surface collecting and testing.

- richest part of site is east of the gov't. camping bldg.

go some 50 feet.

- site extends 250' eastward along shore bank from the gov•t.

bldg.

- truck mileage 45618.

Hart River Site

this site is located on a sand ridge running northeast to southwest on the east side of the Hart River.

- the highway bisects the ridge and bulldozing activity has exposed a good portion of the ridge.

- artifacts were not numerous but were found all along the top of the ridge.

- fire-cracked rock was sparse.

- mainly flakes found. 1,a11,s�

'-"\(€_ \

- stopped at Lady Evelyn Falls.

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r"' ^i,,

- picked up some problematical specimens from highest

'--\Slc�S,5

plateau on east side of Kakisa River, back from the falls.

- pieces of slate in vicinity of probable items.

July 9/66 Cont' d.

Kakisa River Site

- located 1/8 mile below mouth of Kakisa River and Kakisa Lake.

- on point, c. 15' above water level, situated on east bank of river at end of present gravel road.

- modern Indian settlement with newly constructed gov•t.

houses for them.

- biface, drill, and flakes coming out on surface.

- site stretches sparsly for 600 feet along bank.

- from fish dock landing to grave marker of Crosbie McNaught 1903 - 1962.

- Kakisa is a Slave word roughly meaning "between the willows".

- f �� J 'c

w-1� �

�/ow

'" C\

\z :,

Le-.\-< E:

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-;,'\�^---

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-�----

Road \-⁰ Lcvc\1 [= �e \ i ^I\

\=o.,\\e;

July 9/66 Cont'd.

Kakisa Rapids Site

go in small road between Evelyn Falls and juncture of Kakisa Lake road and Yellowknife road.

- site is on bluff::&O• above 2nd rapids in the lower end of Kakisa River.

- flakes, chopper.

I

- s::opped for air in truck tires at Myhren's BA station and Ferry to Fort Providence.

- learned there are burials on Dory Point, and that that area used to be a meeting place for Chips and Slave.

- set up camp at Dory Point.

the MacKenzie at this point is slightly muddy and about

/¾

- the above burials are historic c. 1920.

Sunday, July 10/66 Dory Point beautiful sunny morning.

- lots of mosq., black flies, and shad flies.

- picked up some material behind gov•t. park bldgs. at Dory Point. . ,�

- quite rich, scrapers;'�ate ub6(, scraper plane and flakes.

- the area has had a mat of forest moss etc. stripped off it by bulldozer.

July 10/66 Cont'd.

Dory Point

- site is located on south side of MacKenzie River at Dory Point, 15 to 18 feet above the river.

- the site area covers a flat plateau 150' deep by 200' w.ide.

- Dory Point is 2.1 miles east of the Ferry to Providence, on the south side of the MacKenzie.

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c\ecwed

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- Gas 8.5 gals. - $4.25; mileage 45698.9.

- at point just before juncture of Hwy. 3 to Yellowknife and road to Fort Providence.

- drove into Fort Providence.

Nurses' Site

- Catholic nurses and nuns have a hospital and potato garden in Fort Providence. The Nurses' site is located west of the hospital on the eastern slope of a ravine, in the immediate area -- 25' above present River level.

- slate flakes, scrapers and some historic mtls. mixed together.

- not too rich.

July 10/66 Cont' d

PROVIDENCE SITE - at Fort Providence.

30 J

- on bluff at west end of Ft. Providence••• feet above present River level.

(/,;v�, 14N�)

- material of slate and chert.

- found in road and back from River bank 15'.

- stretches around bluff to face island immediately to west.

- R.C. cemetery off to NW.

- Providence site is extensive. j clc.,il

µ

- lot of' slili'lc art.ifacts.

- on R.C. mission property.

- Father Desy in charge - got his permission to excavate.

- put in two adjacent 5' x 10¹ squares, making a trench 5' x 20'

= 100 sq. feet.

�-;;:-- _{,,., J} ^---'= �---

'f'J

July 10.66 Cont'd Providence Site

opened up 2 squares, A & B.

- flakes, etc. on surface, and in sod.

- also some historic mtls. mixed in upper 3¹¹ level.

- the field immediately behind has been ploughed several times.

-��,1)� � ^c;, ��ei_

Monday, July 112 1966 Providence Site

• • •

- beautiful sunny morning.

- more flakes and a scraper coming out of square B than in square A.

- material from both squares down to 5¹¹ depth.

- mainly slate flakes, some chert.

- sparse fish bone; some bird longbone fragments also.

- historic mtls. on top ( 2"-3" ) include button, clay pipe stem portion and nails.

- impressions: mtl. is late - in top 2½¹¹ of ploughed area.

- soil has taken some time to buili up its 5½" to 7" depth.

- Soil measurements at NW corner of Square A;

- depth of top soil = depth of plough zone = 5½".

- max. depth of excavation at this corner 1'2" into clay with limonite.

- depth of present sod R 2^11•

- SE corner of Square B:

- max. depth 1'6".

- depth of sod 2''•

- depth of plough 7^11•

- lens of mixed black-brown ashy clay silt with carbonized wood.frags. - bottom 4½" top is 4" below present field ltevel.

- sod consistent across top.

- Level l = plough zone i.e., depth of top soil.

_ 17 pieces of fire-broken rock in square B. Page 14 of 64

Tuesday, July 12₁ 1966 - clear sunny morning.

- breaking up camp and heading to Rae.

- mileage on truck 45704.2.

- checked east side of Frank Channel just southwest of Rae.

- one quartz flake.\ . ₎

.)�

- no real site.

- area is flat; in Shield Country, but heavily bulldozed.

- stopped at ptagg River and walked to mouth on western side -- all marsh at entrance.

Dogrib Indians from Rae hunt muskrat here each spring.

- Food at Ra!f - $16.1 7.

- gas at Yellowknife - 11.4 gals. - $5.60.

- mileage 45920.5

- dinner: 2 males - $6.65.

- set up camp at Long Lake park just outside Yellowknife.

- park is on sand ridges bordering the eastern side of Long Lake.

- walked these ridges but found no artifacts.

- examined gravel

portion of pit and_contents and found one biface

�� � � � 2f ft�).

• • •

Wednesday, July 13, 1966 - beautiful morning.

- mileage on truck - 45924.9 Airport Pit - water elevation

- beach elevation

618.3¹

(oj � /�)

59.4 - 59.6 above water.

(L.e c,

70

�...,,.,J!,,,._)

Al Stevens - prospector ,found., a cache of points up near Great Bear.

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rfl ^.e fr--c-<JJ/c-:c.

) ,

Bill Kehoe of DOT, Yellowknife.

July 13/66 Cont' d Airport Pit

one biface portion found on surface of old beach gravel at NW end of DOT gravel pit near airport - in off Hwy. 20' - this is at c. 60' above present Long Lake water level.

site is on topmost beach in this area.

- checked the sand beaches at McNiven beach at Yellowknife.

- nothing found - very disappointing,

- beaches stretch up into the bush - 8 tiers.

- drove up to narrows between Yellowknife Bay and Prosperous Lake at point where bridge crosses.

- Up Giant Mines road. . ,1(! 1 . .'i

y.efiJ::ff,,rfvry---<- /1'--f/V...ilA. }'vcv'V'l,er1,, �

- only historic European goods found here.

- much of what looked like good site location had been bulldozed out.

- decided to turn back and camp at Long Lake for the night.

Thursday, July 14₁ 1966 - another sunny morning.

• • •

- heading back to Hay River.

- met 74 year old John Kaiser and 100% Joe at Long Lake -- both old time trappers and prospectors.

July 14/66 Cont'd.

borrowed 2 small single seat canoes from the DOT at Stagg River and set out downriver from the swif� �t the Hwy.

campsite - soon got into mass of horse

'T�

- old Fort Rae is reputed to be at the mouth.

- best to survey this site from the Lake and not this river.

- stopped at Frank Channel again to check area northeast of bridge.

hit a rich site; flakes, proj. pt., blade, etc.

- site.

Frank Channel Site

- situated on northeast bank of channel between Great Slave Lake and Marian Lake.

- extends back from channel 300¹ eastward and is spread from the Hwy. north to the Frank Channel Forest Ranger Station, - heaviest concentration is in immediate vicinity of the

Hwy. looking westward towards the double span bridge.

- had rare opportunity to go to Rae Point -- location of one of the old Fort Rae's and Indian village.

- taken by boat by Mr. Mervin Busch, chief Forest Ranger at Frank Channel, his wife Elise and Len Ireland.

- only the old HBC building in good shape and collected a number of ethnological specimens.

- this post and the village mm■ vacated in the 1930's.

- found one newspaper dating 1938.

- possible cemetery at top of hill . - bench mark E*l6.

- 1923 Dominion Land Surveys.

- two possible graves, at top of hill behind old Fort Rae at Rae Point.

- 2 structures showing, marked with rocks on top.

- gravelly earth underneath.

- from bench mark possible grave #:f, is 12'6".

- tested structure 1 to depth of l '7".

July 14/66 Cont'd

- gravel highly compacted -- got finer in lower levels.

- black soil for first 9'' then got reddish.

not graves, but not natural mounds.

/

�'"<'l /1N,,.J!Jb1

fragmented limestone - gov't cache cairns?

- stone foundation c. 60' long by 24' wide in measurement.

foundation of limestone and is 2' thick.

two well defined and deep cellar pits.

Bay House?

basement pits or refuse pits all over.

common for caribou skulls etc. to be in bottom of these pits -- not deer, as are no deer in this region.

this site is very extensiveand heavily grown over with ragweed, raspberry canes, fireweed.

- the specimens collected come from the bldg. believed to be the HBC post.

- none of the other bldgs. remain intact and it would appear that most of the bldgs. have been dismantled and the mtls. taken elsewhere.

- used to be a sand beach in front of the village.

- wild parsnips and rubbarb around camped at Frank Channel.

old gardens.

Friday, July 15, 1966. Frank Channel Site - sunny hot morning.

- decided to excavate an undisturbed portion of the Frank Channel site.

r'7 ,

two units, A & B, each 10' x 5'.

- immediately below moss over top of site (moss is l" to l½"

thick) the chipping detritus and smashed up bone begins to appear.

- this area is midden -- like refuse -- dark black soil also.

burned wood in upper levels of the soil horizon.

- one fire through this region 24 years ago, and another 60 years ago (Merv Busch: personal communication)

- northern ends of squares A and B are richest.

- projectile point - quartz - side notched - from NW corner of square A, l' from west wall and l½' from north wall.

Depth 2"

Besant?

Level 1 = top 3''

- trace historic mtls. in the top l½'' - 2'' depth.

- these historic goods appear to be a thin veneer over the Indian mtls. and hearths.

- hearths are small and not usually surrounded by rock as were the ones uncovered at South Indian Lake, Man.

- bone is extremely fragmented but includes a wide range:

bear, fish, beaver, birds.

Level 2 = 3" -

- found base of side-notched projectile pt. at 4" depth of northern end of Unit B.

·-r;

1::--

July 15/66 Cont'd Frank Channel Site:

- rechecked bank south of Frank Channel bridge and found another concentration of mtl. farther downstream than we had first checked on Tue. July 12/66.

again the artifacts and chipping detritus is ^.Q!l or along the sides of exposed bedrock.

- the bedrock has been glaciated as evidenced by smoothing and grooves.

- modern Dogrib fires are to be seen along the above rocks also.

- is a This east

Dominion Land Surveys peg put into bedrock in 1961.

is located c. 143 feet south of the bridge on the side of the channel. R l l

\)L\;2..,

- one portion of the site south of the bridge looks very

R.

promising in terms of possible excavation -- all undisturbed

•- . .

Saturday, July 16, 1966

Gene_ral Overall Map of Frank Channel

\) l _R

p \ G E:

July 16/66 Cont'd Frank Channel:

- cloudy and overcast.

- in Unit B a small hearth 17" in diameter, 19" west of east wall of square and 37'' south of north corner.

- this hearth lies directly over subsoil and is at 5" depth.

- no rocks around it but fire-cracked stone is very broken up into small portions.

- this hearth is in the soil horizon which immediately

overlies a grey clay gumbo till with small rocks embedded within the matrix.

- notably the gumbo matrix shows desication cracks in octagonal pattern and the cracks have since been filled with the overlying black humic soil. i.e. -- soil horizon has built up after a period of drying up in this region.

- very clear quartz chips are a feature of the mtl. coming from the lower level of the soil horizon. Also there are several reddish coloured chips of a mtl. not noted in the upper soil levels.

<::

✓

f""f-suspect several continued occupations by the same people.

- the cultural mtl. is relatively homogeneous and the same throughout.

Sunday, July 17₁ 1966

• • •

- another sunny morning and plan to finish the test units.

- they have been very rich and productive so far.

- at south end of Unit B the cultural horizon dips downward quite sharply.

- horizon is 2½" thick and is overlain by a sterile 8"

layer of fine gravelly sand.

- a small charcoal sample was extracted from lower level of cultural. horizon in Unit B - most of the carbon came from an

assoc. hearth with depth 11½"

below present sod level and having artifacts within it.

July 17/66 Cont'd Frank Channel:

pit referred to above in Unit B has a max. diameter of 26". Max. depth is 13½" below top of present sod. The pit is round bottomed and contains a small hearth at its bottom within a 2'' cultural zone.

- sterile gravel and fist-size rocks underly the pit.

- the cultural zone in the pit grades upward at the sides and joins the cultural zone over the remainder of the square. There is no discontinuity.

- Overlying the cultural zone in the Unit B pit is a thick 9'' layer of fine sand. This appears to have washed in over the low southern end of both Units A & B. -- source is most probably flooding from the small stream and marsh immediately behind the site rather than from the Channel which is 10' - 15' below the excavated area.

Profile of Pit in south end of Unit 8 - Frank Channel Site.

� - Moss layer

(!;:- Fine sand

ll\llll - Cultural zone

□

carbon includes pieces of softwood.

- no pottery at this site.

- very dry therefore good preservation.

water is milky white with clay fines in suspension.

N

,1t

Sov-f/..

-Pf

t ^r-o/_J,,

July 17/66 Cont'd Frank Channel Site:

Unit A

- depth of cultura1·mtl. NW corner Unit A 3½" to top of clay.

- NE corner of Unit A - depth cultural mtl. 4" to top of clay -- fire-cracked rock and hearth here.

SE corner very little mtl. Rxs at 2" below present sod level.

- SW corner mtl. to 6^{11 --} odd flakes in black soil.

Unit B

- NE corner -- depth of cultural layer to 5½" then clay.

- SE corner - upper black level 4" devoid of mtl,· - underlain by layer of sand 4¹¹

cultural layer is 2" thick and extends to 10" depth.

- underlain by rocks.

Monday, July 18₁ 1966 - another sunny morning.

- broke camp.

• • •

- grub getting low and water just about out -- will refill at Mosquito Creek.

very hot and dry in this country.

- mileage on truck 46016.5.

- checked NWT campsite 8 miles south of Frank Channel -- nothing found.

Mr. Carl Holm - at Mosquito Creek has found 3 pieces.

- one is a bifacial quartzite knife -- other 2 specimens have been missing for several years.

""

quartzite -not diamond

shaped in cross­

section.

Page 23 of 64

July 18/66 Cont'd.

- also had a large double pointed knife or point c. 9¹¹-10¹¹ long.

- found on top of gravelly sand which was at top.

- quartz and quartzite the mtls. used.

- Mr. Holm' s artifacts were found in and around Mosquito Creek as a cache. He would not divulge the location, but may in future years. He also was not readily willing to donate his remaining specimen but would like to in the future.

- we walked to mouth of Mosquito Creek -- the creek is very clear water, and very shallow in upper reaches -- then gets muddy and flows into lowland marsh at mouth to Great Slave.

About a l½ mile walk to mouth and through a hell of a bush.

-- tough going.

Mosquito Creek Site - mtls. found by Mr. Carl Holm.

- may have been found on sandy beach ridge just ½ mile southeast of Carl's place.

- good hard water and

£21..£

- spring fed.

Grader Site

- this site is located on the sand bluff immediately north of mile 125 of the Yellowknife Hwy. -- artifacts were also found in the bush but along this same ridge.

- mainly cores and one flake scraper.

- from the site area to grader and gravel yard on west side of road and north of the site it is ½ mile.

Mile 12

sh roads Page 24 of 64

{;k�

July 18/66 Cont' d.

,,,,,.�

- reputedly some natural caves (not faults) just west of Grader Site. We walked inland

c. ½

- dinner: 2 males Fort Providence $4.50.

- camped at Providence site for the night.

spatial plotting of sites on our maps is evidently a direct function of where the highways run.

Tuesday1 July 191 1966.

• • •

- hot, humid, and overcast.

- phone call to Hay River from Fort Providence $.85.

- food at Fort Providence - $14.13.

- name of ferry: Johnny Berens -- across MacKenzie River -- takes 5 minutes to go c. 1 mile.

- stopped at Dory Point Site again and picked up two artifacts.

This is not too rich a site.

- checked area along east side of Kakisa River at Hwy.

bridge -- nothing.

Hart River Site

- this site is located - on a high sand ridge traversed by the MacKenzie Hwy. (see notes for July 9/66).

- decided to put in a 10' x 10' square on the southernmost tip overlooking the river to the immediate south.

\

'

\

\

July 19/66 Cont'd Hart River Site:

- the Hart River site is c. 55' - 60' above the present river level.

- has an early man flavour to it.

- upon excavation encountered black chert flakes in the sand between 3" to

4½"

- there were also some pieces of battered (s1ate,f·c:,;,,.,c;te - these artifacts lay directly below a l½'' deep grey podsol

layer which in turn underlies a l''-1½" thick present moss and forest build up layer.

- the artifacts are buried in� sand.

- heavy rain at c. 7:30 p.m.

- cold front moving in.

Wednesday, July 20₁ 1966 - cold, damp and overcast.

• • •

high wind, fog and blowing rain make the work very un­

pleasant.

- also turning colder -- down to low 50¹s or middle 40¹s.

- finished Unit A of Hart River Site -- this produced a good number of chert flakes -- I lr!bag"'l!!i:se.

- should be other artifacts in view of amt. of chipping detritus excavated.

Thursday, July 21, 1966

• • •

- bright sunny and cool after high winds last night.

- will excavate another unit at Hart River site.

- would like to recover one point.

- artifacts (diorite flakes ) coming out in SE part of Unit B. These mtls. were also found with the chert flakes in Unit A at depth 3" -

4½"

July 21/66 Cont'd Hart River Site:

'-

I ^/

tl/4,t¼

_

C't ,�-

l&vt,�

- again mtls. are buried in top of sand and lower podsol below moss covering and soil horizon.

- it is apparent that large areas must be opened up to re­

cover artifacts.

- portions of Unit B have been disturbed by bulldozing.

- one chert scraper, a chopper and other flakes came from the central portion of this square.

- max. depth of excavation was 6¹¹-9^11•

- opened up Unit

c,

Friday, July 22, 1966 Hart River Site:

• • •

- intermittent clouds -- cool.

- Unit C virtually sterile.

- most of the artifacts have come from Unit B.

July 22/66 Cont'd Hart River Site:

- west of Unit B the hill top has been disturbed by bull­

dozing.

- backfilled the excavation.

- 250 sq. feet excavated. _{t '} ' t ' ' �ll't

',; >

Hwy.

broke camp and set up at Hart Lake site for a days exca­

vation.

- put in a 5' x 20' test trench at Hart Lake.

Hart Lake Site

T

15 I 13

�_Lf\Ki:; ¹

kL.LJ-

1' N

- Unit A produced a biface of the same mtl. (diorite?) as many of the flakes found at the Hart River site. This would tend to make the Hart Lake site earlier than I first believed.

- all cultural mtls. at Hart Lake are excavated from the top of a red sandy soil just under a thin moss and humus top layer.

- many evidences of forest fire.

- scrapers made from flakes are common.

- no points so far.

• • •

Saturday, July 231 1966 Hart Lake Site:

- overcast and quite cool.

- soil profile at Hart Lake site is as follows:

1 ) top l" and l½" humus and dark black soil.

2 ) red sandy soil l½'' thick.

3 ) red sandy soil with small gravel-like a till.

Unit A ^& B remarks:

produced one biface and number of flakes and core pieces.

- no features.

- all cultural mtls. were homogeneous in terms of strati- graphy -- no natural stratigraphic demarcation.

- all artifacts came from the top of the red sandy soil below the humus layer.

- no podsol at this site of definite nature.

- the sandy soil is red, either naturally, by fire, or both.

- the bulldozing of the camp road has ruined a good part of the site, but other undisturbed areas are present.

- hard trowelling.

- Unit A max. depth of excavation: NW corner SW ^II NE SE

II

"

- broke camp and left Hart Lake at 3:00 p.m.

- 5"

6½"

- 4½"

- mileage on truck at Hay River 46291.2 upon turning over to Mr. Ed. Robertson who works at Phillips 66 Bulk Plant,

Hay River.

- gas - $4.00 for truck - Box 153 Hay River.

- groceries at Bay $5.29. Voucher No. 11 of Travel and Supplies.

- camped at the public beach at the mouth of Hay River.

• • •

Sunday, July 24₁ 1966

bright and sunny morning.

- Great Slave is calm.

in process of making up accounts and reorganizing the gear.

- freight canoe has arrived and I expect to fly into Fort Reliance tomorrow.

- no HBC now at Reliance.

- will have to stock up here at Hay River.

Monday, July 25₁ 1966

• • •

- another bright and sunny morning -- broke camp.

- flight confirmed at 10:30 a.m. for 1: 00 p.m.

- groceries HBC - $103.64.

- left 2: 00 p.m. by Otter with Willey Laserick for Fort Reliance.

from the air, a couple of spots near Pehanotui Pt. look good.

- lot of rock from this point on until

cabin at north end of Basile Bay looks good -- it is deserted and in ruins.

cabin at W end of Murky Channel certainly is constrictive -- Lake Superior knobs and hills.

- few good camp spots.

- entrance to Murky Lake is all rk.

- shallow rapids at Snowdrift.

- keep left -- hop canoe.

- outboard gas and oil - $22.43.

- gas can and curley kates - $3.45.

- groceries at Independant trader (canned butter, matches, bulley beef ) all unavailable at HBC - $14.19

Grimshaw Trucking & Distributing Hay River to Ottawa -­

one carton of archaeological specimens.

July 25/66 Cont'd.

flew into Fort Reliance to Gus and Dauphine's place -- he is an old timer here, nearly blind and she is Chipeyan.

Mr. Eugene Rasminsky of DOT also there and very helpful -­

had tea with old Gus, then packed canoe and set out along Fairchild Point.

Tuesday, July 26, 1966.

• • •

Cache Site -- Belle Isle intermittent sun this morning.

- good clear water and beautiful country.

- �amped on a beach point across from and SE of Fairchild Point. The DOT radio poles are in sight 105^° west of our magnetic N.

- there are the remains of a recent historic camp site here -- c. 14 rectangular tent rings and tin cans etc. dating c. 1930's -- likely an old Chipewyan setup.

- surface collecting reveals a lot of caribou bone, slate scraper and various European articles such as a screwdriver with ><. Defiance.,.,_ on it.

CJ �

- also a Borden's Eagle Brand condensed milk can and a Castle Royal 14 oz. mushroom can with the bottom punched out in 4 directions.

m

- plan to map this site for the settlement pattern -- calling it the Cache site as there are old rock cache pits to south end of settlement and we are caching half our grub here.

- just too much weight for the 18 footer which behaves well, but hasn't been tested in rough water.

- this morning Peter separated the food and I dug a cache pit near and in the Indian ones.

- hit an old cache pit - description: moss covered rocks on top -- large boulders 6¹¹ to 10¹¹ round on top; these are piled c. l' high -- smaller boulders 5^{11 -} 3¹¹ and gravelly sand underly for depth of 14^11• The cache extended down to the top of a fine fine sand layer devoid of large rocks -- max. depth 31".

July 26/66 Cont'd Cache Site:

the site is fairly extensive and includes flat rectangular areas demarcated by boulders -- presumably for summer tents -- one has fallen frames -- tied together with string and spruce bows inside.

- there are other swctures which are semi-subterrainean and may represent winter lodges.

- no artifacts made of quartz or fluorite, both of which occur naturally in pebble form.

lot of slate around.

- found a 44-40 cartridge and an old Winchester 16 guage shot gun cartridge.

- picked up one caribou splinter punch and a toggle (both cut wi�h a metal knife}.

- other interesting can tops include:

1) Copenhagen Snuff

2) Gillets 100% Perfumed and Powdered Lye.

3) Digestible Crisco Shortening.

- notice a lack of fishbones of any type, but fair amount of caribou.

- caribou portions include blades, skulls, longbones and articulated vertebrae.

- many of the longbones are fragmented and many of the skulls have been split open probably to extract brains.

- splitting of skulls involves two methods:

1) cutting straight through the skull's base c. 2" above

the occiput in a line horizontal with the Frankfort plane.

2) vertical slicing down the middle of the skull through the sagittal suture.

- not much birch in this region; mainly spruce, cottonwoods and ground juniper, blueberries and spagnum moss.

- Peter caught an 8 lb. lake trout just off point to north of site -- fine dinner.

- removed one thwart from the canoe to allow loading of the long and heavy food chest.

• • •

Wednesday, July 27₁ 1966

- continual rain and blowing fog sheets last night and this morning,

- stopped raining c. 9:00 a.m.

- huge rollers on the lake coming directly out of the west.

- will finish the mapping of the settlement pattern at the historic Cache site.

we are temporarily wind-bound today -- decided to give site the full treatment,

- the Cache site is located on an open point on the 2nd and 3rd beaches above the present storm beach of the NW tip of

Belle Isle.

- these 2nd and 3rd beaches are at elevations 6' - 8' above present water level.

- in the following map the grid is oriented 4^° west of magnetic north.

the distance between each pin on the central grid line is 20' .

Structure #1 - 26' west of pin 10 to 40' N-S

- central stones 8' in from N wall.

14' wide x 14.5

- this is a circular structure demarcated by large boulders 10'' - 12' in diameter and 2' apart.

- spruce bows on floor.

- 3 central flat rocks (to hold stove).

- central pole? 10'4" long

ends. jack pine -- pointed at both

- tin can and smashed caribou bones inside.

- small stakes 18" - 20" long around outside of stone ring.

Structure #2 -- rectangular 16' SW-NE x 14' NW-SE - definitely historic.

- stone ... pipes, cloth, Gillets Lye, old pans, broken caribou bones

'J1',

July 27/66 Cont'd Cache Site:

Structure #3 -- rectangular log frame nailed at corners.

- oriented NW to SE (9^{1 )} by (8^{1 )} SW-NE.

most northerly corner is 30 east of grid line, pin 2.

Structure #4 -- rectangular, central flat stones grouped in tight circle 15'' diam.

- or.iented N-S

- NW wall corner .is 7' E of pin 2 11' E-W x 14' N-S - spruce boughs on floor.

- tin cans and one 40-44 cartridge found here -- wood chips all around (axe cut).

Structure #5 rectangular oriented NS-SW -6' north of 0 peg and east 24' to 38'

- rectang. 14' E-W by 8½'.

- stove pipes.

Structure #6 -- circular diam. is 12' -- t.ight cluster of flat rocks in center 15¹¹ diam.

- outs.ide ring of large rocks 8"-12" diam. are 2' to 2½tf apart.

- caribou bones.

Structure #7 -- rectangular and sub-terranean.

- W of pin 7, 35'₁ the measure hits front of structure at 13' N of 35¹ mark.

- structure oriented NNW-SSE 15' x 9'.

- rotted poles along sides on mounds of piled up gravel and stones.

- depth of structure c. 20".

- rotted clothing in center.

July 27/66 Cont' d - S true ture #8

- rectangular -- oriented N-S.

- 47' from pin 16 (west) to the NW corner of the structure.

- 13¹ N-S x 13' E-W.

- 3 flat rocks in center between 5' and 9' . spruce bows on floor.

- rocks demarcating peripheries are 8¹¹-10" diam. and tightly spaced adjacent to one another.

- tin cans inside.

Structure #9

- rectangular - oriented N-S. E-W diam. of 13' ; N-S - 13^{1 •} - 4 flat central rocks.

- spruce bows on floor.

- burned and smashed bone.

- 7' to center of hearth from N wall.

- rocks 10'' - 12" diam. tightly spaced 4¹¹-6¹¹ apart demarcate peripheries.

Structure #10

- rectangular -- very few demarcating rocks.

- 11' east of pin 13 the west wall of the structure begins.

Max. E-W width is 10' ; N-S width is 10' . - oriented N-S.

- an old 3 rung pack board frame lying outside with nails -- snuff can lid also present inside.

- no recognizable hearth rocks.

- one child' s boat (shaped like a canoe) found and kept.

---�---

^----=- --�

no sites.

- The Belle Ile (Cache) site is strictly late historic there are no evidences of an earlier occupation.

- beautiful cool sunny morning -- like a day out of early September.

- broke camp and headed to Pike's Portage -- rained on the way over.

- beached at Pike's Portage and set up camp.

- located a recent historic Chip. settlement on the lower ridges of the northernmost channel of Glacier River.

- above this settlement on a path leading to Pike's Portage we encountered a site with many slate chips.

Glacier Creek Site

- this site is concentrated in the nooks and open spaces lying between exposures of glaciated rock.

- the elevation of the site above present lake level is 54'.

- the glaciated rocks are extremely grooved and have had subsequent outwash sands washed over them.

- the result being high polish on the rocks and deposition of sand in the glacial grooves which are as much as 9" deep.

- artifacts were found on the surface of exposed sand and also in and under a moss layer where present.

- several areas were excavated in the intact areas of glacial grooving. Typical soil profile is:

Jo,k \,We h,,�,;;,e u1'£°�,'�'j�

- the slate artifacts are always found in the upper part of the dark black humic sand and even penetrate into the overlying moss.

- i.e.: some type of forest cover has developed and cer­

tainly the site is post glacial and post glacial lake at this height.

- the material looks like Lockhart.

no basal or lateral grinding.

July 28₁ Cont'd

Pike's Portage

- walked up the beaches behind our tent at Pike's portage -- amazing number of them and found mtl. on some but not all of them.

- slate is on nearly all and would perhaps indicate a long time persistence in its usage.

- Peter found a clear quartz microblade on one of the higher beaches (this is marked and will be tied in at the time of our survey of these beaches) .

- we missed the turn in Pike's Portage and continued up the south bank of the small creek which empties at the north end of the sand bar at Pike's Portage.

- continually finding mtl. in the exposed sections.

- noticed one set of large wolf tracks (5'' across) fol lowing a single caribou.

- decided to cal l the creek, Lobo creek.

passed a small Xⁿ Chip. cemetery with grave fences and offeriⁿgs.

- wil l give this a better description later.

- in about 2 miles, found a proj. pt. and scraper of non- slate mtl. -- in an open clearing where the

sand was exposed.

Lobo Site

side-notched

Friday, July 29, 1966

L

- beautiful sunny day (very cool l ast night) .

- beginning to map the beach lines (elevations) at Pike's Portage.

- fashioned a 10' stadia rod and 100' chaining line.

- set up Brunton compass on tripod at foot of main portage track on present wave beach.

July 29₁ Cont'd Pike's Portage:

- initial setting on present wave beach ( Note ! : all readings taken to wave beach crests � ,,,;,. ^��_--<J c/J a fuv'<I ' / ^,J_

- Mag. N is 40^° NE of base line across beach.

To Beach #2

- 71' from water's edge elev. 5•8^✓•

- on beach 2 purely recent mtl. and one quartzite chopper found.

To Beach #3

- 25' from pin on 2nd beach 4•1' elevation.

To Flat Between Beach #3 and next major crest there are 3 sub beaches -- #' s 4, 5, 6.

- 96' length - 5' 9" elev .

- still recent historic mtl. on beaches 4, 5, and 6.

To Top of Beach 7 (major crest)

- 22' beyond last reading and elevation 3¹7¹¹

- mtls. from beaches 4, 5 ^& 6 have been lumped -- all recent historic.

- oval tent ring on SE end of beach 6 c. 50' from Rock ridge.

- it is oval 13' x 16¹ with rocks 10¹¹-12¹¹ in dia. spaced 6¹¹ to 12" apart around the circumference.

- oriented N-S.

- 3 flat rocks in center along with old caribou portions and pieces of historic tin.

- Beach 7 is earlier historic

- box lid for percussion caps , bubbled glass, 40-44 cartridge, piece of worked slate.

- To next pronounced crest, Beach #8 -- 97' - elevation 9^{1 •}

- total elevation to 8th beach so far is:

71 25 96 22 97 311'

To Beach #9 another 60' -- elevation 71 2^✓

- Beach 8 poorly exposed but still producing gun shell cartridges and a slate scraper.

- Beach 9 very poorly exposed, but many hearths present.

- slate flakes, chert scraper and flake -- little historic crap still.

To Beach #10 - 46' - elevation 6t4�.

- make a turn to follow portage trail.

To Beach #11

- elevation 5' 1'' 45' distant from pin 10, To Beach #12

a L dV\

- elevation 6 •5^{11 - -} 57' distant from pin 11.

tf ^{2 I} J

- Elevation of Beach 10 is 4J:'' 8'' .{,28·'�"" ·+· ·T^L2^JL.JJ_6.!_4_t_f_.),--,

- Beach 10 has produced the first big concentration of slate ships,

- major concentration was found 100'SE of pin 10 along the beach.

- chips exposed on the surface have been brought up from under the moss.

- corresponds somewhat to the Glacier River site set-up.

.luly 291 Cont ' d

Pike ' s Portage Series:

- one slate biface found at north end of

➔

beach 10.

- interesting old screwdriver handle found on top of moss on this beach.

- will excavate here.

Beach 11 -- picked up a chert scraper right at pin 11 on the portage tmi.l -­

very fine nibbling.

- one slate flake and bleached femur head of young child found at N end of beach 11.

Beach 12 -- produced a chert core-scraper, quartzite flake, slate chips.

one Ely's percussion cap box top on trail by pin 12 (dropped along the way).

- caught a Greyling for dinner

Saturday, July 30₁ 1966

• • •

- clouded over, but warmer.

quite 900d.

To Beach 13 from pin 12 on south side of trail.

- distance 44^{1 --} elevation 3b3✓

- pin 13 on N side of trail.

To Beach 14 on S side of trail.

distance : 36' Elevation 4 ' 2"

To Beach 15 on S side of trail.

- distance 72'

' 1•1

l""

July 30, Cont'd

Pike' s Portage Series :

- Beach 13 produced a few slate chips and quartzite chips exposure poor south of the portage trail.

- Beach 14 produced a rich concentration of mtl. -- north of the portage in blow out and exposed areas near Lobo Creek.

- several side scrapers, a snub-nose and part of a projectile point of pinkish chert with beautiful collateral flaking.

lanceolate

soft elliptical cross-section.

� lots of diff. types of mtl. being used in addition to

the common slate -- e.g. , green quartzite, bluishish chert, red chert, speckled quartzite.

tr, I, 1-.

- beach 14 is

g-:�r.�•

surface mtl. on beach 14.

- beach 14 is 599' back from present water (311' + 60' + 46' + 45' + 57' + 44' + �36' = 599 •�

- beach 15 produced a heavy concentration of green quartzite flakes, scrapers, etc. and one portion of a slate biface.

- this found in sand blown pocket in 40-50 feet at rt. angles to pin 15 on N side of trail.

seems obvious that mtl. on beach 14 is of same occupation with waters edge at beach 13.

- weak development of beaches on N side of trail -- better on SE side.

- headland to NW protecting inner beach areas N of portage trail -- correlation with the locations of artifact con­

centrations.

To Beach 16 on S side of trail -- is a sub beach. ""' 1S

- distance ^82½ '

elevation 3 t7^1' I le <l 1

"""Dfi �

- the stretch between beach 15 and 16 is low

foreshore and backshore deposits, therefore, 16

is a subbeach Page 43 of 64

July 30₁ Cont'd

Pike's Port. Series:

To Beach 17 on N side of trail - .distance 93'

elevation 1'7"

To Beach 18 on S side of trail ,

l"rl<l I\)

distance 84^1• - elevation 4'1''

on trail at sub-beach #16 marker pin several slate flakes -­

nothing else exposed on the beach.

Beach 17 not exposed at all -- one piece of trade copper found on the trail at pin 17,

- Beach 18 -- again poorly exposed but found one quarts scraper, a quartzite flake and a piece of slate to the

N of the portage trail.

To Beach 19 on S side of trail , - distance 115'

- elevation 4'8�

- Beach 19 is a wide beach and fantastically rich.

- bifaces out of quartz.

- scrapers of many varieties and types of mtl.

- slate still strong.

- milky white blade (very small) and 1st indication of microblade.

- elevation of beach 1� is 8�' above present lake level.

distance back from lake is 1065½' (¼ mile ) 60'7"

6' 5"

3' 7"

1 ' 7"

4' l"

4 ' 8" 78 ' 35¹¹

599 72 93 82½

84

lo{[iS½

Sunday, July 31₁ 1966 Pike's Port. Series:

- light rain last night .

bright and sunny this morning.

- beginning a series of photographs up the portage . - on beach 19 found the base of a chert lanceolate

point -- collateral flaking and no basal or lateral grinding.

- this point fragment, and the quartz and slate biface all found in radius of 15' on river bank edge of beach 19 .

To intermediate pin in middle of beach 19 - parallel to line in which artifacts were foun

t

d 11�o be concentrated.

- distance 118'

I . � \'oM .\.)

""ft'tt \ . --<l

- elevation 4' 8''

rv/, h,\\

---- -

1 1"\'\€� - ��(\'l'\,i. �1,;,\-$

- Beach 19 is a long gentle which may account for the To Beach 20

- elevation 5'1'' - distance 104'

slope (stable beach for richness of artifacts,

l'l ,,�'1-E<·WI

hu.i \ ) 16' \\) •"'�

)..Q

some time )

- no artifacts at beach 20 pin proper, but are at inter 20 , 1065½ + 118 + 104 ^C 1287½ , 1287½ - 579 = 708 .

To intermed. beach 20 reading on S side of trail - beach 20 is a long gentle stable beach .

- at inter beach 20 pin slate chips appear on the trail .

- distance 75' - elevation 3'8''•

To beach 21 - distance 65' - elevation 2'6''

July 31₁ Cont'd

- beach 20 -- found no artifacts on foreshore segment of the beach.

- only slate chips and fire-stone on the back portion.

- very hard to find artifacts -- not overly rich.

- (104 + 75 = 179) Sand exposures across Lobo River opposite beaches 20 and 21.

- 50' northeast of pin 21 and 28' to south is the edge of a push feature of rk. and sand caused by fall of rk. from cliff side -- noticeable scarp.

- feature looks like an esker, is 5' high at highest point, by 15' wide -- but is composed of rk. with sand shoved up at the NW perimeter. Wffls. 'll!h is eyRarii! Led.

beach 21 is a long flat stretch.

Inter 21 is in middle of portage.

- elevation 2'2'' · - distance 100' .

on line 85' from pin 21 to inter 21, one large piece of slate found 39' at rt. angles toward the river -- also

large pieces of firestone and other slate and quartz flakes -- a small concentration on and in the sand.

Inter 21 #2

- distance 99½ ' from inter 21 #1 . - elevation 2'9".

. ^iv.\·e, :J.1 � t

(., ... l\i �d.!)

� ·,'nC<u i'V ..J ^J

\,.-\e ,. t,l. l ^It-?-. ( o,-

<;

- Historic Chipewyan cemetery on left (north) side of por­

tage trail directly in from midpoint between Inter 21 pins

#1 and 2.

- it is Christian and has crosses.

- total recognizable graves 22.

- all single interments , - at least 4 are children.

- area covers 128' NE-SW. x 89'.

- cemetery overlooks small cascade below sand bluff ,

July 31, Cont'd.

- at the extreme NE end of the cemetery are 3 recent graves without picket fences around them. All other graves have or have had wooden picket fence frameworks around them with a cross at one end. Many of these are in ruins.

- in one case square nails have been used but all others have mmmmmmmmm rusted round ones.

- evidences of red and blue paint on the fence slats etc. are present but only upon minute inspection.

- all graves are oriented N-S overlooking the bluff.

2 hatchets, tins and plates (unkilled ) have been left in the crotches of trees and two rosaries are draped around the pickets of what appears to be a family grouping.

- no artifacts on this cemetery knoll.

To inter beach 21 pin #3 on S edge of - distance 100'

- elevation 3'6"

To Beach 22 - pin on S side of trail.

- distance 109^{1 •} - elevation 51 3�.

- The back portion of beach 21 produced a few slate flakes and a piece of chert very thin and poorly exposed.

beach 22 produced slate flakes and firestone along river bank, but again poor exposure and very thin cultural de­

posits in and below the moss covering underlying sand.

To Beach 22 Intermediate pin 1 on trail.

- distance 99' - elevation 2'9"

Inter 22 beach pin #2 on trail - distance 96'.

- elevation 3¹2'' •

July 311 Cont ' d

To Beach 2 3 on S side of trail from Inter 2 2 #2 .

�':, - dis tance 48 '

- elevation 2 ' 7''

. I )

(; ² I. I ..

- hearth and quartz flake 7 ' beyond pin 2 3 on the S side of trai l .

- thi s beach also produc ed a quartz mic robl ade on exposed sand bluff overl ooking Lobo River, Al so found two bifaces and several s la te chips -- slate appears to be dying .

- this cache found on forebeach of beach 2 3 ,

- walked over the bluff trying to fol low Pike ' s old portage trai l -- i t is unused today .

- found a site high up in the rocks a quarry and habitation s i te -- calling i t the Quarry s i te .

- on Glacier Creek side of the divide.

- many quartz , quartzi te flake s .

- an anvi l s tone and quarried quartzite one point -- wide side notches l ike that picked up at Lobo Creek site .

basal notching al so . ^\

Monday, August 1 , 1966

- clear beautiful sunny day.

- arti fac ts thinning out as we go higher on the Pike ' s Portage beache s .

- beach 2 3 i s 1 1 9 ' above present l ake l evel . - beach 2 3 i s long and gradual .

Aug. 1₁ Cont' d

To Inter Beach 23 #1 on N side of trail - distance 95'

- elevation 4¹6^11•

To Inter Beach 23 #2 on trail - distance 74'

- elevation 4' 5"

To Beach 24 on s side of trail. \,,;\H ,,_. " 'I-

-

\0 � . elevation 3 ' 9"

-

- on forebeach of beach 24 slate and quartz chips found.

- not much firestone.

- seems to be part of the beach 23 finds.

- concentration on river bank and bluff.

To Inter 24 #1 on S side of trail.

- distance 90' - elevation 2'

To Inter 24 #2 on N side of trail.

- distance 80'.

- elevation 1'6'' •

To Beach 25 foreshore on S side of trail.

- distance 57' . - elevation 2' 8".

\"t. er ,'.l-4 tt- 1

Q..4