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Welcome to Course 350, Arguing About Slavery 1776 to 1860.

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Welcome to Course 350, Arguing About Slavery 1776 to 1860 .

I am sending a few handouts in advance of the first class.

 The course outline,(1 page) just FYI

 Acts of Abolition, (1 page)

 Admission of States (1 page)

 Jefferson’s letter regarding the Missouri Compromise. (1 page)

Please take some time to look at this before we discuss it in class. While much of it seems fairly straightforward, I find other parts puzzling and would like to hear others’ thoughts on Jefferson’s meaning, particularly the sentence that I have underlined.

 Biblical References to slavery (2 pages)

Just FYI but it shows how both sides could use religion to defend their positions. How might you see these if you were a slaveholder, or a pastor who was dependent on the finances of plantation owners?

 1789 map of states and territories

 Map to illustrate Missouri Compromise

There will be a few more handouts during the course.

See you all at noon Nov. 8 Jack Royer

Rev. 10/30/16

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Course # 350 Arguing About Slavery - Course Outline

PRELUDE:

The Colonial Period

SO CONCEIVED AND SO DEDICATED:

Founding Documents and Principles

WINDS OF CHANGE – 1788 to 1819:

Subtle and Not so Subtle Developments

A FIREBELL IN THE NIGHT:

The Missouri Compromise

AGITATION AND DIVISION:

Abolitionists and Gag Rules

CONQUEST AND EXPANSION:

Mexico and Texas

THE GRAND BARGAIN:

The Compromise of 1850

SENATOR DOUGLAS’S MODEST PROPOSAL:

Kansas/Nebraska and Popular Sovereignty

THE COURT WEIGHS IN:

Dred Scott’s Case

LAYING OUT THE OPTIONS:

The Lincoln/Douglas Debates

EASTERNERS, MEET MR. LINCOLN:

Speech at the Cooper Union, February 1860

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ACTS OF ABOLITION

Northern Colonies and States:

1777 Vermont – Banned in the original constitution

1780 Massachusetts – Banned by constitution

1780 Pennsylvania – Gradual emancipation

1783 New Hampshire – Banned by constitution

1784 Connecticut – Gradual emancipation

1784 Rhode Island – Gradual emancipation

1799 New York – Gradual emancipation.

1804 New Jersey – Gradual emancipation

1808 Slave trade banned by the U.S.

Great Britain:

1808 Slave trade outlawed

1833 Slavery banned in all British colonies

Note: There was a period of more than fifty years in which slaves fled from Canada to the U.S.

Mexico:

1829 Slavery banned but Texas given one year exemption

1830 Slavery banned in Texas

(Many Texans re-name slaves as indentured servants for life.)

1836 Texas legalizes slavery

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ADMISSION OF FREE AND SLAVE STATES

FREE STATES SLAVE STATES

THE ORIGINAL THIRTEEN

2. Pennsylvania 3. New Jersey 5. Connecticut 6. Massachusetts 9. New Hampshire 11. New York

13. Rhode Island (May 1790)

1. Delaware * 4. Georgia 7. Maryland * 8. South Carolina 10. Virginia 12. North Carolina

TOTALS 1790 7 6

14. Vermont (1791) 15. Kentucky (1792) *

16. Tennessee (1796)

TOTALS 1800 8 8

17. Ohio (1803) 19. Indiana (1816) 21. Illinois (1818) 23. Maine (1820)

18. Louisiana (1812) 20. Mississippi (1817) 22. Alabama (1819) 24. Missouri (1821) *

TOTALS 1821 12 12

26. Michigan (1837)

25. Arkansas (1836)

TOTALS 1840 13 13

27. Florida (1845) 28. Texas (1845)

TOTALS 1845 13 15

29. Iowa (1846) 30. Wisconsin (1848) 31. California (1850) 32. Minnesota (1858) 33. Oregon (1859)

TOTALS 1860 18 15

* Slave states that did not secede STATES.CW 07/05/99

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Thomas Jefferson, on the Missouri Compromise

Letter to John Holmes in Apr. 1820.

I thank you, Dear Sir, for the copy you have been so kind as to send me of the letter to your constituents on the Missouri question. it is a perfect justification to them. I had for a long time ceased to read the newspapers or pay any attention to public affairs, confident they were in good hands, and content to be a passenger in our bark to the shore from which I am not distant. But this momentous question, like a fire bell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror. I considered it at once as the knell of the Union. It is hushed indeed for the moment. But this is a reprieve only, not a final sentence. A geographical line, coinciding with a marked principle, moral and political, once conceived and held up to the angry passions of men, will never be obliterated; and every new irritation will mark it deeper and deeper. I can say with conscious truth that there is not a man on earth who would sacrifice more than I would, to relieve us from this heavy reproach, in any

practicable way. the cession of that kind of property, for so it is misnamed, is a bagatelle which would not cost me in a second thought, if, in that way, a general emancipation and expatriation could be effected: and, gradually, and with due sacrifices, I think it might be. But, as it is, we have the wolf by the ear, and we can neither hold him, nor safely let him go. Justice is in one scale, and self-preservation in the other. Of one thing I am certain, that as the passage of slaves from one state to another would not make a slave of a single human being who would not be so without it, so their diffusion over a greater surface would make them individually happier and proportionally facilitate the accomplishment of their emancipation, by dividing the burthen on a greater number of co-adjutors. An abstinence too from this act of power would remove the jealousy excited by the undertaking of

Congress, to regulate the condition of the different descriptions of men composing a state. This certainly is the exclusive right of every state, which nothing in the constitution has taken from them and given to the general government. Could congress, for example say that the Non-freemen of Connecticut shall be freemen, or that they shall not emigrate into any other state?

I regret that I am now to die in the belief that the useless sacrifice of themselves, by the generation of 76, to acquire self government and happiness to their

country, is to be thrown away by the unwise and unworthy passions of their sons, and that my only consolation is to be that I live not to weep over it. If they would but dispassionately weigh the blessings they will throw away against an abstract principle more likely to be effected by union than by scission, they would pause before they would perpetrate this act of suicide on themselves and of treason against the hopes of the world.

To yourself as the faithful advocate of union I tender the offering of my high

esteem and respect. Th. Jefferson

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SLAVERY - BIBLICAL REFERENCES (From Concordia Bible, New Intl Version)

There are numerous references to slavery in the new testament and some in the old where slavery is used allegorically, e.g. “Become a slave to God” or “Do not be a slave to worldly

passions.”etc.

There are also several New Testament references (mostly Pauline) which emphasizes that God does not favor slaves or masters but all are equal in his sight. These references are often parallel with similar sentiments about God’s evenhandedness regarding races, nationalities, etc.

There are several references which can be used to support the views of slavery’s defenders:

1 Timothy 6:1-2 All those who are under the yoke of slavery should consider their masters worthy of full respect, so that God’s name and our teaching may not be slandered. Those who have believing masters are not to show less respect for them because they are brothers. Instead, they are to serve them even better because those who receive their service are believers and dear to them.

Ephesians 6:5-9 and Colossians 3:22-25 (Same text) Slaves obey your earthly masters with respect and fear, and with sincerity of heart, just as you would obey Christ. Obey them not only to win their favor when their eye is on you, but like slaves of Christ doing the will of God from your heart. Serve wholeheartedly as if you were serving the Lord, not men.

And masters, treat your slaves in the same way. Do not threaten them since you know that he who is both their master and yours is in heaven and there is no favoritism in him.

Titus 2:9-10 Teach slaves to be subject to their masters in everything, to try to please them, not to talk back to them, and not to steal from them, but to show that they can be fully trusted so that in every way they will make the teaching about God our Savior attractive.

Some are a little more ambiguous:

1 Corinthians 7: 20-21 Each one should remain in the status he was in when God called him.

Were you a slave when you were called? Don’t let it trouble you - although if you can gain your freedom, do so. For he who was a slave when called is the Lord’s freeman.

And some might be cited by opponents of slavery:

1 Timothy 1: 8,9&10.

We know that the law is good if one uses it properly. We also know that the law is made, not for the righteous but for the lawbreakers and rebels, the ungodly and sinful, the unholy and

irreligious: for those who kill there fathers and mothers, for murderers, for adulterers and

perverts, for slave traders and liars and perjurers ...(N.B. In the King James version, the term is “Manstealers”, not Slavetraders. Many scholars say this refers to one who steals a slave or unjustly sells a free man into slavery.)

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Philemon: 15-16 (Paul writes to Philemon about his slave Onesimus who stole from him, ran away and became a disciple of Paul). He writes, “Perhaps the reason he was separated from you for a while was that you may have him back for good - no longer as a slave, but better than a slave, as a dear brother. (N.B. Some scholars say this is Paul’s perfect opportunity to condemn slavery, or to advocate manumission in general. He does not.)

OLD TESTAMENT :

“When you buy a Hebrew slave, six years shall he serve; and in the seventh shall he go out free, for nothing. If he came in by himself, he shall go out by himself: if he were married, then his wife shall go out with him. If his master has given him a wife, and she has borne him sons or daughters, the wife and the children shall be her master's, and he shall go out by himself. And if the slave shall plainly say, I love my master, my wife, and my children; I will not go out free: then his master shall bring him unto God, and he shall bring him to the door or unto the door-post, and his master shall bore his ear through with an awl, and he shall be his slave forever.”

—Exodus 21:2-6.

If you buy a Hebrew slave, he is to serve for only six years. Set him free in the seventh year, and he will owe you nothing for his freedom. If he was single when he became your slave and then married afterward, only he will go free in the seventh year. But if he was married before he became a slave, then his wife will be freed with him. If his master gave him a wife while he was a slave, and they had sons or

daughters, then the man will be free in the seventh year, but his wife and children will still belong to his master. But the slave may plainly declare, 'I love my master, my wife, and my children. I would rather not go free.' If he does this, his master must present him before God. Then his master must take him to the door and publicly pierce his ear with an awl. After that, the slave will belong to his master forever.

(Exodus 21:2-6 NLT) *

When a man sells his daughter as a slave, she will not be freed at the end of six years as the men are. If she does not please the man who bought her, he may allow her to be bought back again. But he is not allowed to sell her to foreigners, since he is the one who broke the contract with her. And if the slave girl's owner arranges for her to marry his son, he may no longer treat her as a slave girl, but he must treat her as his daughter. If he himself marries her and then takes another wife, he may not reduce her food or clothing or fail to sleep with her as his wife. If he fails in any of these three ways, she may leave as a free woman without making any payment. (Exodus 21:7-11 NLT)

When a man strikes his male or female slave with a rod so hard that the slave dies under his hand, he shall be punished. If, however, the slave survives for a day or two, he is not to be punished, since the slave is his own property. (Exodus 21:20-21 NAB)

*

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However, you may purchase male or female slaves from among the foreigners who live among you. You may also purchase the children of such resident foreigners, including those who have been born in your land. You may treat them as your

property, passing them on to your children as a permanent inheritance. You may treat your slaves like this, but the people of Israel, your relatives, must never be treated this way. (Leviticus 25:44-46 NLT)

* NLT nd NAB refer to translations, New Living Translation and New American Bible.

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