Piping Questions

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1. What factors to consider for site selection?

Ans : District classification, Transportation facilities, Manpower

availability, industrial infrastructure, community infrastructure, availability of raw water, effluent disposal, availability of power, availability of

industrial gas, site size and nature, ecology and pollution. 2. What are different standards?

Ans : Most commonly use standards are as follows: Sr. Standard Description

1. ANSI B18.2 Square and hexagola head bolts and nuts 2. ANSI B16.3 Malleable iron threaded fittings

3. ANSI B16.4 Cast iron threaded fittings. 4. ANSI B16.9 Steel buttwelding fittings

5. ANSI B16.11 Forged steel socketwelding and threaded fittings 6. ANSI B16.25 Buttwelding ends

7. ANSI B16.28 Short elbow radius and returns 8. MSS-SP-43 Stainless steel buttweld fittings 9. MSS-SP-83 Pipe Unions

10. API 605 Large diameter carbon steel flanges

11. ANSI B16.1 Cast iron pipe flanges and flanged fittings 12. ANSI B16.5 Steel pipe flanges and flanged fittings

13. ANSI B16.47 Large diameter steel pipe flanges and flanged fitts. 14. ANSI B16.20 Ring joint gaskets and grooves for pipe flanges 15. ANSI B16.21 Non metallic gaskets for pipe flanges

16. API 601 Metallic gasket for refinery piping. 17. API 5L Specification for line pipe.

18. ANSI B16.10 Welded and seamless wrought steel pipes

19. ANSI B36.19 Welded and seamless austenitic stainless steel pipe 20. ANSI B16.10 Face to face and end to end dimensions of valves 21. ANSI B16.34 Steel valves, flanged and buttwelding ends. 3. What are various temporary closures for lines?

Ans : Line blind valve, line blind, spectacle plate, double block and bleed, blind flanges replacing a removable spool.

4. Where jacked screwed flange is used ?

Ans : For spectacle discs, one flange is jacked screw flange. This flange has two jacked screws 180 degree apart which are used to create sufficient space between flange for easy removal and placement of line blind or spectacle blind.

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Ans : Two valves with bleed ring in between with a bleed valve connected to the hole of bleed ring.

6. Where blind flange is used ?

Ans : It is used with view to future expansion of the piping system, or for cleaning, inspection etc.

TOWERS

7. What are crude oil ranges?

Ans : Crude oil BP Range: 100F-1400F, lightest material: Butene below 100F, Heavier materials- upto 800F, Residue above 800F.

8. What is batch shell process?

Ans : feed, heat,condense,heat more,condense, low quality. 9. What are types of towers?

Ans : Stripper, Vacuum tower, trayed, packed towers. 10. What is chimney tray?

Ans : It’s a solid plate with central chimney section, used at drawoff sections of the tower.

11. What factors to consider while setting tower elevation?

Ans : NPSH, Operator access, Maintenance access, Minimum clearance, reboiler type , common area, type of support, Tower dimensions, type of head, bottom outlet size, foundation details, minimum clearances. 12. How to located tower maintenance access nozzles ?

Ans : At bottom, top and intermediate sections of tower, must not be at the downcomer section of tower and in front of internal piping.

13. How to located feed nozzle ?

Ans : Must be oriented in specific area of tray by means of internal piping.

14. How to located temperature and pressure instruments ?

Ans : Temperature in liquid space, at downcomer side and pressure in vapor space, in area except downcomer sector.

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1. What are the steps in selection of valve?

Ans : What to handle, liquid, gas or powder, fluid nature, function, construction material, disc type, stem type, how to operate, bonnet type, body ends, delivery time, cost, warranty.

2. What are functions of valves?

Ans : Isolation, regulation, non-return and special purposes. 3. What are isolating valves?

Ans : Gate, ball, plug, piston, diaphragm, butterfly, pinch. 4. What are regulation valves?

Ans : Globe, needle, butterfly, diaphragm, piston, pinch. 5. What are non-return valves?

Ans : check valve,

6. What are special valves?

Ans : multi-port, flush bottom, float, foot, pressure relief, breather. 7. What materials are used for construction of valves?

Ans : Cast iron, bronze, gun metal, carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy carbon steel, polypropylene and other plastics, special alloys. 8. What is trim?

Ans : Trim is composed of stem, seat surfaces, back seat bushing and other small internal parts that normally contact the surface fluid. 9. Which standard specifies trim numbers for valve ?

Ans : API 600.

10. What are wetted parts of valve?

Ans : All parts that come in contact with surface fluid are called wetted parts.

11. What is wire drawing?

Ans : This term is used to indicate the premature erosion of the valve seat caused by excessive velocity between seat and seat disc, when valve is not closed tightly.

12. What is straight through valve?

Ans : Valve in which the closing operation of valve is achieved by 90degrees turn of the closing element.

13. What pressure tests are carried out on valves? Ans : Shell-hydrostatic, seat-hydrostatic, seat-pneumatic 14. What are available valve operators?

Ans : Handlever, handwheel, chain operator, gear operator, powered operator likes electric motor, solenoid, pneumatic and hydraulic operators, Quick acting operators for non-rotary valves (handle lift). 15. What are two types of ball valve?

Ans : Full port design and regular port design, according to type of seat, soft seat and metal seat.

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Ans : Single piece, double piece, three piece, the short pattern, long pattern, sandwitch and flush bottom design.

17. Why ball valves are normally flanged?

Ans : Because of soft seat PTFE which can damage during welding. 18. What are butterfly valve types?

Ans : Double flange type, wafer lug type and wafer type. 19. What are types of check valve?

Ans : Lift check valves and swing check valves. 20. What are non-slam check valves?

Ans : Swing check valve, conventional check valve, wafer check valve, tilting disc check valve, piston check valve, stop check valve, ball check valve.

21. Where stop check valve is used ?

Ans : In stem generation by multiple boilers, where a valve is inserted between each boiler and the main steam header. It can be optionally closed automatically or normally.

22. Where diaphragm valves are used ?

Ans : Used for low pressure corrosive services as shut off valves. 23. What is Barstock Valve?

Ans: Any valve having a body machined from solid metal (barstock). Usually needle or globe type.

24. What is BIBB Valve?

Ans: A small valve with turned down end, like a faucet. 25. What is Bleed Valve?

Ans: Small valve provided for drawing off liquid. 26. What is BlowDown Valve?

Ans Refers to a plug type disc globe valve used for removing sludge and sedimentary matter from the bottom of boiler drums, vessels, driplegs etc.

27. What is Breather Valve?

Ans: A special self acting valve installed on storage tanks etc. to release vapor or gas on slight increase of internal pressure ( in the region of ½ to 3 ounces per square inch).

28. What is Drip Valve?

Ans: A drain valve fitted to the bottom of a driplet to permit blowdown. 29. What is Flap Valve?

Ans: A non return valve having a hinged disc or rubber or leather flap used for low pressure lines.

30. What is Hose Valve?

Ans: A gate or globe valve having one of its ends externally threaded to one of the hose thread standards in use in the USA. These valves are

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used for vehicular and firewater connections. 31. What is Paper-Stock Valve?

Ans: A single disc single seat gate valve (Slide gate) with knife edged or notched disc used to regulate flow of paper slurry or other fibrous slurry. 32. What is Root Valve?

Ans: A valve used to isolate a pressure element or instrument from a line or vessel, or a valve placed at the beginning of a branch form the

header.

33. What is Slurry valve?

Ans: A knife edge valve used to control flow of non-abrasive slurries. 34. What is Spiral sock valve?

Ans: A valve used to control flow of powders by means of a twistable fabric tube or sock.

35. What is Throttling valve?

Ans: Any valve used to closely regulate flow in the just-open position. 36. What is Vacuum breaker?

Ans: A special self-acting valve or nay valve suitable for vacuum service, operated manually or automatically, installed to admit gas (usually atmospheric air) into a vacuum or low-pressure space. Such valves are installed on high points of piping or vessels to permit draining and sometimes to prevent siphoning.

37. What is Quick acting valve ?

Ans: Any on/off valve rapidly operable, either by manual lever, spring or by piston, solenoid or lever with heat-fusible link releasing a weight which in falling operates the valve. Quick acting valves are desirable in lines conveying flammable liquids. Unsuitable for water or for liquid service in general without a cushioning device to protect piping from shock. 38. What is diverting valve ?

Ans : This valve switch flow from one main line to two different outlets. WYE type and pneumatic control type with no moving part.

39. What is sampling valve?

Ans : Usually of needle or globe pattern, placed in branch line for the purpose of drawing all samples of process material thru the branch. 40. What are blow off valve?

Ans : It is a variety of globe valve confirming with boiler code requirements and specially designed for boiler blowoff service. WYE pattern and angle type, used to remove air and other gases from boilers etc.

41. What is relief valve?

Ans : Valve to relieve excess pressure in liquids in situations where full flow discharge is not required, when release of small volume of liquid would rapidly lower pressure.

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42. What is safety valve?

Ans : Rapid opening(popping action) full flow valve for air and other gases.

43. What is foot valve?

Ans : Valve used to maintain a head of water on the suction side of sump pump, basically a lift check valve with integrated strainer.

44. What is float valve?

Ans : Used to control liquid level in tanks, operated by float, which rises with liquid level and opens the valve to control water level. It can also remove air from system, in which case, air flows out of system in valve open condition, but when water reaches valve, float inside valve raises to close the valve and stop flow of water. Used in drip legs.

45. What are flush bottom valves?

Ans : Special type of valves used to drain out the piping, reactors and vessels, attached on pad type nozzles.

46. What are types of flush bottom valves?

Ans : Valves with discs opening into the tank and valves with disks into the valve.

47. What are the uses of three-way valve?

Ans : Alternate connection of the two supply lines to a common delivery vise versa, isolating one safety valve, division of flow with isolation facility.

48. What are uses of four way valve?

Ans : Reversal of pump suction and delivery, By pass of strainer or meter, reversal of flow through filter, heat exchanger or dryer. 49. What is metal seated lubricated plug valve?

Ans : A plug valve with no plastic material, where grease is applied to contacting surfaces for easy operation.

50. What are three patterns of plug valve design? Ans : Regular pattern, short pattern and ventury pattern. 51. What is regular pattern plug valve?

Ans : Rectangular port, area almost equal to pipe bore, smooth transition from round body to rectangular port, for minimum pressure loss.

52. What are short pattern plug valve?

Ans : Valves with face to face dimension of gate valve, as a alternative to gate valve.

53. What are ventury pattern plug valve?

Ans : Change of section through the body throat so graded to have ventury effect, minimum pressure loss.

54. What are inverted plug design valve?

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55. What is pressure balanced plug valve?

Ans : With holes in port top and bottom connecting two chambers on top and bottom of plug, to reduce turning effort.

56. What are Teflon sleeved plug valve?

Ans : PTFE sleeve between plug and body of valve, low turning effort, minimum friction, temperature limitation, anti static design possible. 57. What are permasil plug valve?

Ans : Plug valves with Teflon seat instead of sleeves, for on off

applications, can handle clean viscous and corrosive liqiuids, Graphite seat for high temperature applications. Drip tight shut off not possible.

58. What are eccentric plug valve?

Ans : Off center plug, corrosive and abrasive service, on off action, moves into and away from seat eliminating abrasive wear.

59. What is dimensional standard for plug valve? Ans : API 599.

60. What is pinch valve?

Ans : Similar to diaphragm valve, with sleeves of rubber or PTFE, which get sqeezed to control or stop the flow, Cast iron body, for very low service pressures like isolation of hose connections, manufacture standard.

61. What is needle valve?

Ans :Full pyramid disc, same design as globe valve, smaller sizes, sw or threaded, flow control, disc can be integral with stem, inside screw, borged or barstock body and bonnet, manufacturers standard. 62. How to install a globe valve ?

Ans : Globe valve should be installed such that the flow is from the underside of the disk, Usually flow direction is marked on the globe valve. 63. What are globe valve port types?

Ans : Full port: More than 85% of bore size, Reducer port: One size less than the connected pipe.

64. What are globe valve disk types?

Ans :Flat faced type for positive shutoff, loose plug type for plug renewal or needle type for finer control.

65. What are characteristics of globe valve stem?

Ans : Always rising design, with disk nut at the lower end and handwheel at upper end.

66. What are types of globe valve?

Ans : Angle globe valve, plug type disc globe valve, wye-body globe valve, composite disc globe valve, double disc globe valve.

67. What is angle globe valve?

Ans : Ends at 90 degree to save elbow, higher pressure drop. 68. Where plug type disc globe valve is used?

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Ans : For severe regulating service with gritty liquids such as boiler feedwater and for blow off service.

69. Where WYE body globe valve is used ?

Ans : In line ports with stem emerging at 45 degree, for erosive fluids due to smoother flow pattern.

70. What is double disc globe valve ?

Ans : Has two discs bearing on separate seats spaced apart, on a single shaft, for low torque, used for control valves.

71. What are port types for gate valves?

Ans : Full port and reduced port. Default is reduced bore. Full port has to be specified in bom.

72. How to close a gate valve ?

Ans :Turn the handwheel in clockwise direction. 73. What is lantern ring?

Ans : It’s a collection point to drain off any hazardous seepages or as a point where lubricant can be injected, it is in the middle of packing rings. 74. What are types of gate valves?

Ans : Solid plane wedge, solid flexible wedge, split wedge, double disc paralles seats, double disc wedge, single disc single seat gate or slide, single disc parallel seats, plug gate valve.

75. What are the types of bonnets?

Ans : Bolted bonnet, bellow sealed bonnet, screwed on bonnet, union bonnets, A U-bolt and clamp type bonnet, breechlock bonnet, pressure seal bonnet.

PIPING INTERVIEW QUESTIONNAIRE

COMPRESSORS

1. What are the types of compressors?

Ans : Positive Displacement, Centrifugal and Axial, rotary screw, rotary vane, rotary lobe, dynamic, liquid ring compressors.

2. What are types of compressor drives?

Ans : Electric motor, gas turbine, steam turbine and gas engine. 3. How Centrifugal compressors work ?

Ans : Highspeed impellers increase the kinetic energy of the gas,

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called a diffuser. Large volume of gas at moderate pressure. 4. What are types of steam turbine and why are they popular? Ans : Condensing and non-condensing, Popular because can convert large amounts of heat energy into mechanical work very efficiently. 5. Where gas turbine drive is used ?

Ans : Desserts and offshore platforms where gas is available, for gas transmission, gas lift, liquid pumping, gas re-injection and process compressors.

6. What are the auxillary equipments of compressor?

Ans : Lube oil consoles, Seal oil consoles, Surface condensers, Condensate pump, Air blowers, Inlet air filters, Wast heat system, compressor suction drum, knock out pot, Pulsation dampner, volume bottles, Inter and after coolers.

7. What are the types of seal oil system? Ans : Gravity and pressurized.

8. What factors to be considered while designing compressor housing? Ans : Operation, Maintenance, Climate conditions, Safety, Economics. 9. What are the compressor housing design points?

Ans : Floor elevation, building width, building elevation, hook centerline elevation.

10. What are the types of compressor cases? Ans : Horizontal split case, Vertical split case. 11. What are compressor suction line requirements ?

Ans : Minimum 3D straight pipe between elbow and inlet nozzle, increases based on inlet piping layout. 4D

12. What are necessary parts of inlet line of compressor?

Ans : Block Valve, Strainer, Break out flanges in both inlet and outlet to remove casing covers, Straightening vane in inlet line if not enough straight piece in inlet line available, PSV in interstage line and in discharge line before block valve.

13. What points to be considered for reciprocating compressor piping layout?

Ans : High pulsation, simple line as low to grade as possible for supporting, analog study, all branches close to line support and on top, Isolate line support from adjacent compressor or building foundations

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14. What are the types of compressor shelters?

Ans : On ground with no shelter, Open sided structure with a roof, Curtain wall structure (Temperate climates), Open elevated installation, Elevated multicompressor structure.

DRUMS

15. What are drum internals?

Ans : Demister pads, Baffles, Vortex breakers, Distribution piping.

16. What are drum elevation requirements?

Ans : NPSH, minimum clearance, common platforming, maintenance, operator access.

17. What are drum supports?

Ans : Skirt for large drums, legs, lugs, saddles for horizontal drums.

18. What are necessary nozzles for non-pressure vessel?

Ans : Inlet, outlet, vent, manhole, drain, overflow, agitator, temperature element, level instrument, and steamout connection.

19. What are necessary nozzles for pressure vessel?

Ans : Inlet, outlet, manhole, drain, pressure relief, agitator, level guage, pressure gauge, temperature element, vent and for steamout.

20. What is preferred location for level instrument nozzles?

Ans : Away from the turbulence at the liquid outlet nozzle, although the vessel is provided with a vortex breaker, instrument should be set in the quiet zone of the vessel for example on the opposite side of the weir or baffle or near the vapor outlet end.

21. What is preferred location for process nozzles on drum? Ans : Minimum from the tangent line.

22. What is preferred location for steam out nozzle on drum? Ans : At the end opposite to the maintenance access.

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23. What is preferred location for vent ?

Ans : AT the top section of drum at the end opposite the steam out connecton.

24. What is preferred location for pressure instrument nozzle on drum? Ans : Must be anywhere in the vapor space, preferable at the top section of drum

25. What is preferred location for temperature instrument?

Ans : Must be in liquid space, preferably on the bottom section of drum.

26. What is preferred location for drain?

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What is orifice (in piping term) and what is

the function of orifice in pipes?

Posted by: ANTONY in Piping Questions, QUESTIONNAIRE, Site Map 06

Oct

An orifice, in general is an opening. I'll just leave it at that.

In piping it is usually a special device used primarily to measure or restrict the flow of a fluid. These are called metering devices.

Here is an example of one type.

A flat metal disc with a known diameter hole is called an orifice plate. It is clamped between special flanges in a section of straight pipe and centered in the pipe so that the fluid flowing through the pipe also passes through the hole and then proceeds on down the pipe.

The two special flanges both have a small hole ( called a tap) drilled thru the sides and on into the pipe opening where the flow is passing. The pressure from the upstream side or "tap" of the orifice plate is compared to the downstream pressure.

Since it is known that pressure drop and velocity are related the measured pressure drop across the known orifice is used in the flow calculation.

Other orifice-type metering devices are used to limit a flow within a certain range. This is common in variable orifice control valves where a tapered plug changes the size of the orifice opening.

Another less common orifice plate application in piping is in flow restriction in the event of a pipeline rupture.

In refrigeraton a common metering device called a capillary. This is actually a smaller diameter tube which does the same as a hole in a flat plate, but does it better.

Industrial application of venturi meter and orifice?

i would be glad if the answer be in detail , and anybody can explain me the application of orifice in the car?

Venturies and Orifice plates are widely used in industries to measure the flow rate of gases and liquids. The working principle is simple and flow is measured using the differential pressure principle.

Even for a wind to blow, there has to be a low pressure and a high pressure. Hence if there is a flow (created naturally or artificially), there is a high pressure upstream and low pressure down stream.

Differential pressure transmitters (DPT's) utilize this principle to measure this pressure

difference and transmit the pressure difference signal to a process indicator or controller. This signal is processed by the indicator (meter) and scaled or integrated to engineering parameters like flow rate, totalisation, speed, volume etc., using specific formulas for the particular type of application and medium (gas or fluid).

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To summarize, venturies and orifices generate a differential pressure which if integrated with time, can then be used to convert into any engineering parameter like flow rate, quantity, speed etc. and can be used in any industrial, automotive, aeronautical, domestic or just about any field - which comes to imagination.

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QUESTIONS FOR PIPING ENGINEER

Posted by: ANTONY in Design basis, Piping Book, Piping Design system, Piping Questions, Site Map

01

Oct

TYPICAL QUESTIONS FOR PIPING ENGINEER’s

KNOWLEDGE TESTING

Please help to answer this Examination?

1. Can you explain in detail three or more major differences between code ANSI B31.1 and code ANSI B31.3?

2. There is a power plant inside a Process refinery. Where exactly the ANSI B31.1 & ANSI B31.3 scope break occurs?

3. Which of the following piping system is more health hazardous. A) Fuel oil piping b) Process piping with Caustic c) process piping with HF acid d) Sulphuric acid piping. 4. There is a steam piping with low pocket but without steam trap. What will be worst consequence of this layout?

5. In what circumstance, the reducer of a pump suction piping will be in bottom flat position. Explain why the reducer should be so.

6. A P&ID shows a spec break (at Flange) between carbon steel & stainless steel

specification. What additional arrangements you have to make for that dissimilar material flange joint?

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7. A stainless steel piping specification mentions Galvanized carbons steel bolts. What is your first reaction ti this and how do you rectify it?

8. How many types of piping speciality items do you know? Why it is called a piping special? Why not we include them in standard piping specification.

9. Draw a typical steam trap station layout and explain why the existence of a by-pass line around the trap is not a good idea, when the condensate is returning to a condensate header?

10. Explain what is a “Double block & Bleed” valve? Why we need a bleed valve? When

do we use this?

11. In a typical tie-in where should the spectacle blind be inserted? a) after block valve and towards existing plant b) before block valve and towards new plant. Explain why. 12. “Stress intensification factor (SIF)” Where do we use this? Explain this term. How many types of these SIF’s exist?

13. When all design parameters are same, whose thermal expansion is higher among the following? A) Carbon steel b) Stainless steel c) Duplex steel d) Cast Iron e) Galvanized

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PROCESS PLANT / UTILITY

TERMINOLOGY

Posted by: ANTONY in Piping Design system, Piping Questions, Process plant Layout, QUESTIONNAIRE, Site Map

03

Jun

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Process Plant Terms

Refinery

A refinery is a plant that takes crude oil as its feed or charge stock and converts it into the many petroleum products that people use; Some of these are gasoline, jet-fuel, kerosene, butane, propane, fuel oil and asphalt.

Hydrocarbon

The hydrocarbon compound contains hydrogen and carbon. Hydrocarbon compounds are numerous and form the basis for petroleum products. They exist mostly as vapors and liquids but may also be solid. In general, piping systems refineries and gasoline plants transport hydrocarbons or utilities.

Gasoline Plant

The gasoline plant takes natural gas (a vapor) as its charge stock and separates the vapor’s heavier products out and re-injects the lighter gas (methane) into a pipeline or perhaps into the gas field it came from. Again gasoline, propane and butane are extracted as products. But, since a gasoline plant starts with a vapor, the heavier hydrocarbons do not exist in its charge stock; so heavier products cannot be made. Asphalt s one of the products that is classified as a heavy hydrocarbon and is not produced in a gasoline plant.

Chemical Plant

The chemical plant takes semi-refined products from refineries and gasoline plants and reprocess them, in this case it is also act as a Petrochemical plant. Sometimes blending in other products and converts them into certain chemicals which may be sold as a finished consumer product. One such product widely demanded today is plastic. Chemical plants make many ingredients in modern medicines.

Tank Farm

The tank farm is the area that contains the huge storage tanks of the refinery and gasoline or chemical plants. The tanks are usually isolated from the main processing units in case of fire. They may be 200° or more in diameter and will contain the plant’s charge stock for several days. The tanks also store the plant’s products, until the shipment goes to the consumer.

Flare Systems

The flare system transports vapors (via a piping system) to a flare stack which is very tall and has a flame burning at the top. This system burns waste gases and also collects and burns relief valve discharges. At

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night the flare stack usually stands out -sending flames high into the air. This is waste gas burning. if it did not burr, it would pollute the air.

Instruments

Instruments tell the operator what is happening inside a vessel or pipe. There are four basic groups of instruments, namely temperature, pressure, flow and level.

Fluid

Most students may think of fluid as liquid, but it can also be a vapor. Fluid means something that will flow-something not solid. Piping directs fluid flow.

Process Plant Utilities:

The utility is a refinery’s service portion. While a home has water, gas and electricity, a refinery or other plant has many more, some of which are below.

Steam

Steam services many plant items. Heat generates steam in fired boilers or heater which will make many different steam pressures and temperatures. They apply heat and convert condensate (pure water) to steam (a vapor). The steam then goes to the different plant units in the piping systems which use the steam.

Many students think they have seen steam, but they haven’t. They cannot actually see steam: it is invisible. What they have seen is the condensate condensing out of the steam. That is where the term condensate” comes from.

Condensate

As the energy in steam is used, the steam turns to condensate. Another piping system collects this condensate, which is returned under a row pressure to a collection point and is pumped through the boiler tubing and converted to steam again. So the condensate is in a constant cycle from steam to condensate to steam.

Fuel Oil

Fuel oil is another utility that refineries make and partially consume. It is also sold as a product to heat homes and fires furnaces in private business.

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Instrument Air

A utility that operates the plant instruments is instrument air. A piping system distributes this air, which has been compressed and dried to remove, all its moisture, as the moisture would harm the

instruments.

Utility Air

Utility air drives air motors and blow air on objects to clean them, such as some barbers blow cut hair off customers with air hoses.

Cooling Water

Cooling water cool various streams in a plant. The water starts at a cooling tower and is pumped through a piping system to exchangers, which exchange heat. it comes out boner-much like water from a hot water heater in a home. This water then returns to the cooling tower, which cools the water. and then is ready for more circulation into the unit. Like the steam and condensate system above, this is a constantly c system.

Drains

An underground utility collects drains from funnels or catch basins and, in a separate piping system, transports them to a disposal point. Since no pressure is in this drain piping, the pipes must slope to cause flow. This slope is usually 1 foot per 100 feet of tine or greater.

It can be very difficult to design drain systems. Since they run underground, they must miss all other underground items. The drainage system must twist and turn to miss all the process equipment foundations.

Most plants also have more than one drain system. They may have an oily water sewer a storm water sewer and an acid sewer. The oily water sewer handles the oily drips and drains. The storm water sewer collects surface runoffs from rains. The acid sewer collects acid drains and drips. There may be many other types of separate drain systems.

PIPING INTERVIEW QUESTIONNAIRE

Posted by: ANTONY in Download, Piping Book, Piping Design system, Piping Hand Book, Piping Questions, QUESTIONNAIRE, Site Map

28

May

PIPING INTERVIEW QUESTIONNAIRE 1. What factors to consider for site selection?