EDITORIAL
679
P
ERHAPS establishment of hospitals forchildren and acceleration in the
ad-vancement of pediatrics were merely
co-incidental-the relationship continues to
appear essential. The earliest institutions
for children were more in the nature of
refuges and foundling asylums rather than
centers for treatment, study, and education
such as the hospitals of modern times have
become.
The value and significance of a fully
de-veloped hospital center for children may be
more deeply felt by those lacking access
to one or by those who have shared in
creation of a center even though the
pat-tern was already at hand.
The origins of the idea of a hospital for
children are obscure. Undoubtedly
institu-tions arose everywhere spontaneously as
concern for the child and recognition of his
particular needs emerged in society. The
fortunate status of the child in modern
society is a surprisingly recent
achieve-ment, making it seem the attitude which
is natural to us might be a luxury that
comes late in social development.
For this reason if one were to attempt to
designate an institution as the “first” hos-pital for children, in time trite sense, none
could qualify before the Seventeenth
Cen-tury. By the time pediatrics began to flour-ish in America hospitals for children had
begun to appear throughout Europe.
The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, founded in 1855, was the first institution in America designed exclusively for children.
This event was celebrated in a fitting and
impressive manner June 2 to 4, 1955, by a
Centennial Medical Convocation and
re-lated activities under the guidance of Dr.
Joseph Stokes, Jr., Physician-in-Chief of the
now century-old famous Children’s
Hos-pital of Philadelphia. Papers presented on
that occasion provided due recognition of
the contributions of the past, an impressive
display of the wide scope of activities
cur-rently being pursued at the Children’s Hos-pital of Philadelphia and an encouraging
philosophy and prophecy for the future of
pediatrics.
The readers of PEDIATRICS are privileged
to share a sampling of this rich fare in
articles appearing in this issue, as selected by Dr. Stokes and his associates and almost all based on the work of the present Staff of the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia.
It is hoped that additional papers from
guest speakers on the program may be
pub-lished in future issues as space permits.
The complete program follows (p. 680).
American pediatrics must be coming of
age when centennials can be celebrated. Are we now to be faced with a geriatric
pediatrics? Institutions for children have
given us many blessings and not a few of
our problems. They are storm centers in
the turbulent areas of education, cradles of
specialization, breeding grounds of
ego-tism and provide stony soil for the
culti-vation of warm interpersonal relations and
the art.
But let it not be overlooked that although little men may cast clumsy clich#{233}sat insti-tutional medicine as a means of relieving their frustrations, the hospital centers house
the investigators whose relentless efforts
forge the tools which finally prove effective in practice.
The next century may bring that
ma-tunity which will enable all practitioners
and academicians to see that their
sepa-rate paths lead to a common goal, the
wel-fare of children, and to admit the folly of
the youthful exuberance which once may
have made some vain and abusive.
We salute the Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia on its First Centennial and,
though none of us shall witness the Second Centennial, we are confident it will be as glorious and pediatrics will be even more
680 CENTENNIAL - CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA
PROGRAM
CENTENNIAL
MEDICAL
CONVOCATION,
CHILDREN’S
HOSPITAL
OF
PHILADELPHIA
Thursday,
June
2,
I 955
1. WELCOME TO PHILADELPHIA
His Honor, The Mayor of Philadelphia, Joseph S. Clark, Jr. 2. WELCOME TO CHILDREN’S Hospimi. OF PHILADELPHIA
Mr. Clement B. Newbold, President, Board of Managers, Children’s Hospital of
Phila-delphia
3. Tim UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA AND THE CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA Gaylord P. Harnwell, Ph.D., President, University of Pennsylvania
4. Tm CHILDREN’S HosPrrAL-100 YEARS
Joseph Stokes, Jr., M.D., Physician-in-Chief, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Pro-fessor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania
5. THE GENERAL STATE OF AMERICAN PEDIATRICS IN 1855 AS RELATED TO OUR PRESENT
CHANG-INC CONCEPTS
Ernest Caulfield, M.D., Formerly Historian of the American Academy of Pediatrics 6. AMERICAN PEDIATRICS-THE COMING YEARS
Grover Powers, M.D., Professor Emeritus of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Mcdi-cine
7. Tm FUTURE OF THE INTERNSHIP
John McK. Mitchell, Dean of the Medical School, University of Pennsylvania 8. PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS IN CHILDHOOD
Rachel Asch, M.D., Cardiologist, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Associate Professor
of Cardiology in Pediatrics, Graduate and Undergraduate Schools, University of
Pennsylvania
9. THE DEFECTIVE INTERMEDIARY METAFOLISM OF STEROIDS IN THE ADRENOGENITAL SYNDROME
Alfred Bongiovanni, M.D., Endocrinologist, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Assist-ant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania
10. GENES, PROTEINS AND DISEASE
Charles A. Janeway, M.D. Physician-in-Chief, The Children’s Medical Center, Boston, Mass.; Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School
1 1. CLINICAL EXPERIENCES WITH ULCERATIVE COLITIS
Professor Arvid Wallgren, Professor of Pediatrics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
12. NEUROBLASTOMA: RESPONSE TO MAJOR SURGICAL INSULT
C. Everett Koop, M.D., Surgeon-in-Chief, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Associate Professor of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania
13. COMMUNICATING HYDROCEPHALUS, A CRITICAL ANuYsIs OF THE SUBARACHNOID
PERITO-NEAL SHUNT
Eugene B. Spitz, M.D., Neurosurgeon, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Assistant Professor in charge Pediatric Neurosurgery University of Pennsylvania
14. ROCK-A-BYE-BABY
J
ames E. Eckenhoff, M.D. Associate Professor of Anesthesia, Graduate School,Univer-sity of Pennsylvania, Associate Professor Surg.-Anes., University of Pennsylvania
15. RESPIRATORY OBSTImUCTION IN EARLY INFANCY
Josepim P. Atkins, Bronchoesphagologist, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Chairman,
Dept. of Broncho-Esoph. and Laryngeal Surgery, Graduate School, University of
Pennsylvania, Clin. Professor Bronch. and Esoph., University of Pennsvlvatmia 16. MANAGEMENT OF CHONDROMA OF LONG BONES
Jesse T. Nicholson, M.D., Orthopedist, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Professor
and Chairman of Dept. of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School, Uimiversity of
EDITORIAL
681
17. RESPIRATION AND BULBAR POLIOMYELITIS
James L. Wilson, M.D., Professor of Pediatrics, University of Miclmigan 18. THE EVOLUTION OF POLIOMYELITIS INFECTION
Harold K. Faber, M.D., Professor Emeritus of Pediatrics, Stanford University
19. LONDON AND PHILADELPHIA: THE FIRST CHILDREN’S HOSPITALS IN THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING
\V01ILD
Professor Alan Moncnieff, C.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.P., Institute of Child Health, University of London
20. THE GREAT ORMOND STREET UGANDA EXPERIMENT
Bernard Schlesinger, M.D., Chairman, Medical Staff, Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London
Friday,
June
3, 1955
21. VARIATIONS IN SENSITIVITY TO VITAMIN D-FROM PHOSPHATE DIABETES TO IDIOPATHIC
HYPERCALCEMIA
Professor Guido Fanconi, Professor of Pediatrics, University of Zurich
22. Tm APPLICATION OF TISSUE CULTURE METHODS TO THE DIAGNOSIS OF Vnsus INFECTIONS
Werner Henle, M.D., Research Department, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pro-fessor of Virology, University of Pennsylvania
23. STUDIES ON THE TRANSFER OF LYMPH NODE CELLS
T. N. Harris, M.D., Research Department, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Profes-sor of Immunology in Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania
Susanna Harris, Ph.D., Research Department, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia,
Assist-ant Professor of Immunology in Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania 24. CURRENT STATUS OF RETROLENTAL FIBROPLASIA
Henry F. Lee, M.D., Senior Physician, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania
25. MANAGEMENT OF ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FETALIS
Neva Abelson, M.D., Director of Serum Exchange, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania
Thomas R. Boggs, Jr., M.D., Staff-Serum Exchange, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Instructor in Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania; Assistant Instructor in Pedi-atnics, Graduate School, University of Pennsylvania
26. OBSERVATIONS ON HUMAN MILK AS SPECIFIC INFANT FOOD
Paul Gyorgy, M.D., Professor of Pediatrics, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania 27. Tm VALIDITY OF THE X-RAY AS A MEANS OF RECOGNITION OF RICKETS
Edwards A. Park, M.D., Emeritus Professor of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Medical School 28. RENAL RESPONSE TO WATER AND SALT LOADING IN INFANTS iN THE POST-SURGICAL STATE
Mitchell I. Rubin, M.D., Professor of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Philip L. Calcagno, M.D., Associate in Pediatrics, University of Buffalo 29. SUBLUXATION OF THE HEAD OF THE RADIUS
Arthur London, M.D., Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina 30. Tm ETIOLOGY OF EPIDEMIC DIARRHEA OF THE NEWBORN
Horace Hodes, M.D., Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, Columbia University 31. DEVELOPMENT OF POLIO ANTIBODIES IN PATIENTS AND VACCINATED CHILDREN
Alex Steigman, M.D., Professor of Child Health, University of Louisville
32.
TRENDS IN PREVENTION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES BY ACTIVE AND PAssIvE hIxfuNIzATIoNAims C. McGuinness, M.D., Memorial Hospital Association of Kentucky, Washington, D.C.
33. STUDIES ON THE RUBELLA VIRUS
Robert McAllister, M.D., Associate Physician, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, As-sociate in Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania
34. MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC ROLE OF THE PHYSICIAN
682 CENTENNiAL - CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA
35. IMurri IN PERTUSSIS
Harriet M. Felton, M.D., Professor of Pediatrics, University of Texas 36. SPONTANEOUS Ruvruii OF THE STOMACH
William B. Kiesewetter, M.D., Surgeon-in-Chief, Children’s Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pa., Associate Professor of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh
Saturday,
June
4,
1955
37. DYSTROPHIA INFANTUM (Siw)
L. Emmett Holt, Jr., M.D., Professor of Pediatrics, New York Utmiversity College of Medicine
38. TREATMENT OF NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
Milton Rapoport, M.D., Senior Physician, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania
39. TALE OF Two SPECIALTIES-CHILD PSYCHIATRY AND PEDIATRICS
Meyer Sonis, M.D., Psychological Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia,
In-structor in Psychiatry, School of Social Work and Graduate School, University of Pennsylvania
40. FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON SPONTANEOUS HYPOGLYCEMOSIS
Irvine McQuarrie, M.D., Professor of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota
ULCERATIVE CoLITIs, R. Lagercrantz. (Acta paediat., 44:302, July, 1955.)
The course of ulcerative colitis is illustrated by the sequence of events occurring in 134 children with the disease followed 2 to 26 years. The well-known erratic but persistent nature of the disease is further documented. Carcinoma of the colon
de-‘eloped in 6 patients (4.4 per cent), all of whom had had the disease more than 10
years, cirrhosis of the liver complicated 2 cases but the majority of deaths (19 of 26
in the series) were attributed to the disease itself. Proper respect is paid to the
