Transparencies LSci 7 Unit4

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SCIENCE EXPLORER

Focus on Life Science

© Prentice-Hall, Inc. Skull Pelvic girdle Femur Tibia Fibula Patella Tarsals Metatarsals Clavicle (collarbone) Scapula (shoulder blade) Sternum (breastbone) Humerus Ribs Vertebral column (backbone) Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges

67

The Human Skeleton

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©

Prentice-Hall, Inc.

68

The Structure of a Bone

Spongy bone

Compact bone

Bone marrow

Outer membrane

Canal

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©

Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Gliding joint Pivot joint Ball-and-socket joint

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Exploring Movable Joints

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70

The Three Classes of Levers

©

P

rentice-Hall, Inc.

Input force Output

force

Fulcrum

F I R S T- C L A S S L E V E R S

T H I R D - C L A S S L E V E R S

Input force

Output force Fulcrum

Input force Output

force

Fulcrum

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Exploring Levers in the Body

©

P

rentice-Hall, Inc.

First-class lever

Third-class lever

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©

Prentice-Hall, Inc.

72

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©

Prentice-Hall, Inc.

73

The Food Guide Pyramid

Bread, Cereal, Rice, and Pasta Group (6–11 ser

vings)

V

egetable Group

(3–5 ser

vings)

Fruit Group (2–4 ser

vings)

Meat, Poultr

y,

Fish, Dr

y

Beans, Eggs, and Nuts Group (2–3 ser

vings)

Milk, Y

ogurt, and

Cheese Group (2–3 ser

vings)

䊉

Fat (naturally

occurring and added) 䉱

Sugars (naturally

occurring and added)

Fats, Oils, and Sweets (Use sparingly

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74

The Digestive System

©

Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Mouth

Liver

Gallbladder

Esophagus Epiglottis

Salivary glands

Stomach

Pancreas Large intestine

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Exploring the Heart

©

Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Right atrium

Pacemaker

Right ventricle

Aorta

Septum Left atrium

Left

ventricle

Major vein from upper body to heart

Major vein from lower body to heart

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©

Prentice-Hall, Inc.

76

Arter

y,

Capillar

y,

and V

ein

Arter

y

Capillar

y

V

ein

Connective tissue Connective tissue

Smooth muscle

Epithelial cells

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77

Exploring the Respiratory System

©

Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Epiglottis

Larynx

Lung

Nose

Trachea Pharynx

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©

Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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Gas Exchange in the Alveoli

Smaller branch of bronchus Blood rich in carbon dioxide from body

Alveolus

Air in alveolus

Oxygen moving into blood

Carbon dioxide moving into alveolus Red blood cell

Capillar

y

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©

Prentice-Hall, Inc.

79

Exploring a Kidney

Kidney Ureter Urinar

y

bladder

Kidney

Excretor

y system

Nephron

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©

Prentice-Hall, Inc.

V

irus

T Cell Recognizes a V

irus

Some T Cells Attack

Antibodies Destroy Pathogens

80

Exploring the Immune Response

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81

Exploring the Path of a Nerve Impulse

©

Prentice-Hall, Inc. Sensory

neuron

Receptors in ear

Interneuron

Motor neuron

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©

Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Cerebrum

Brainstem

Spinal cord

Cerebellum

Left half of cerebrum Right half of cerebrum

82

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©

P

rentice-Hall, Inc.

83

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

Red

Orange

Yellow

Gr

een

Blue

V

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©

P

rentice-Hall, Inc.

84

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©

Prentice-Hall, Inc.

85

The Eye

Blood vessels

Optic ner

ve

Lens _Pupil

Cornea

Iris

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©

Prentice-Hall, Inc.

86

The Ear

Outer ear

Middle ear

Inner ear

Ear canal

Eardrum

Anvil

Hammer

Stirrup

Semicir

cular canals

Cochlea

Auditor

y

ner

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©

Prentice-Hall, Inc.

87

Exploring the Endocrine System

Parathyroid

glands

T

estes

Ovaries

Adrenal glands _Pancreas

Thyroid gland

Hypothalamus

Male

Female

Pituitar

y

gland

Thyroid gland

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©

Prentice-Hall, Inc.

88

The Male Reproductive System

Bladder

Urethra Penis

Penis

Scrotum

T

estis

T

ube

Urethra

Gland

T

ube

T

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©

Prentice-Hall, Inc.

89

The Female Reproductive System

Oviducts

Ovar

y

Ovar

y

Uterus

Cer

vix

V

agina

Bladder Urethra