THE SCIENCE CAPT
EXAM
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THIS ASSIGNMENT:
1. Read through the entire powerpoint, word for word!
2. Answer all of the questions on a piece of looseleaf paper. Some questions already have the answers included while others do not!
This is the 1st step of practicing for the CAPT. We will do more practice, in class and out, throughout this week and next!
All of the homework you do for CAPT will
What is the CAPT and Why Do I
Care?
The Connecticut Academic Performance Test (CAPT) is the standard assessment administered to students in Grade 10. Students are assessed in the content areas of reading,
mathematics, writing and science. Reports of individual student achievement relative to performance standards in each of these content areas are provided to school districts and parents/guardians of each student tested.
The CAPT provides information about achievement that is used for many purposes including:
-establishing high performance standards for all Grade 10 students on a comprehensive range of important skills and knowledge;
-emphasizing the application and integration of skills and knowledge in realistic contexts;
-promoting better instruction and curriculum by providing information on student, school, and district strengths and weaknesses; and
-providing an expanded measure of accountability for
Science CAPT GENERAL INFORMATION
•
Students respond to two different types of
items: multiple-choice and open-ended. On
the open-ended items, students are asked to
respond in writing to the question, or they
may be asked to sketch a graph.
•
Multiple choice items are scored electronically
Embedded Tasks
• A curriculum-embedded science performance
task has been developed for each of the five content strands.
• These tasks will be utilized for the entire third
generation of the test. Schools are encouraged to embed these tasks into their regular grade 9 and 10 science curricula at the appropriate time.
• All of the open-ended items on the written test
Content strands
•
Energy Transformations
•
Chemical Structures and Properties
•
Global Interdependence
•
Cell Chemistry and Biotechnology
In addition, scores are reported for the following:
• Conceptual Understanding
• Scientific Inquiry, Literacy, and Numeracy
Students respond to:
•60 multiple-choice (MC) •5 open-ended (OE) items
Curriculum Embedded Tasks
Strand I: Energy Transformation
-Solar Cooker, Laboratory Investigation -Connecticut Energy Use, STS Activity
Strand II: Chemical Structures and Properties -Synthetic Polymers, Laboratory Investigation -Plastics Controversy, STS Activity
Strand III: Global Interdependence -Acid Rain, Laboratory Investigation
Strand IV: Cell Chemistry and Biotechnology -Enzyme, Laboratory Activity
-Labeling Genetically Altered Foods, STS Activity
Strand V: Genetics, Evolution and Biodiversity -Yeast Population Dynamics, Laboratory
Investigation
Energy Transformations
•
D 1.
Describe the effects of adding energy to
Recreation Center Pool
A local recreation center has received funding to build a swimming pool.
After construction, the center will be responsible for all costs associated with pool operation. As a result, the center must consider a variety of design
options, including pool size, location and heating.
What happens to water molecules in a pool as they absorb energy? f. The molecules occupy less volume.
g. The molecules begin to move more slowly. h. The kinetic energy of the atoms decreases.
i. The rate of collision between molecules increases.
Prior to pool construction, engineers use computer models to compare which of several pool designs require the least amount of energy to be heated.
What is the dependent variable in the computer models? a. pool size
b. pool shape c. pool location
d. pool temperature
When in use, the heating element in a toaster glows and gives off heat. This is because atoms within the heating element _____________.
a. undergo chemical reactions
b. are excited by the flow of electrons
c. gain electrons and increase in temperature d.conduct light and heat from the outlet
A pot of water on the stove will heat up due to _______________.
A convection oven bakes food faster because _________________________.
The energy of the sun travels to the Earth through __________________.
conduction
The hot air is circulating around the food – which is convection
Types of Heat Transformation
Convection is the transfer of heat by the actual movement of the warmed matter
– Example: Heat leaves the coffee cup as the current of steam and air – Transfer of heat energy is in a gas or liquid by movement of currents
Conduction is the transfer of energy through matter from particle to particle
– It is the transfer and distribution of heat energy from atom to atom within a
substance
– Example: a spoon in a cup of hot soup become warmer because the heat from the soup is conducted along the spoon
– Conduction is most effective in solids, but can occur in liquids
Radiation is electromagnetic waves that directly transport energy through space
– Sunlight is a form of radiation that is radiation through space to our planet – Radiation does no use the aid of fluids or solids
Electricity is produced by
using steam
to
_____________.
f. heat the turbine generators
g. spin the turbine generators
h. reduce friction in the turbine generators
j. reduce emissions from the turbine generators
Nuclear and coal powered power plants share a
number of pollution issues. When functioning
normally which type of pollution is a major issue
of coal fired plants but not nuclear power plants
when functioning normally?
a. air pollution due to emissions of smoke, SO2
and NOx contaminants
b. pollution of water including thermal pollution
c. soil contamination due to solid waste
9. What is a major advantage of using wind
energy instead of coal or nuclear power
plants?
a.Windmills reduce the strength of severe
storms.
b. Wind is consistently available in all locations.
c. Wind is a renewable energy source.
d. A single windmill produces more energy than
a nuclear plant.
Generation of Electricity
The energy sources are used to produce electricity.
•a magnet spinning inside a coil of wire produces a
current (electricity).
•In order for this to happen there must be a machine
(generator) to spin the magnet.
•For all sources, kinetic energy must be produced and used to
spin the magnet.
•The main difference between the energy sources is where
the kinetic energy comes from.
– The source may be from flowing water, wind, or most
Describe the relationship between current and magnetism.
•Electricity and Magnetism are related in a single force known
as the electromagnetic force.
•Moving electric charges (a current) can create a magnetic
field. An electric current can be used to produce a temporary magnet known as an electromagnet.
– This is done by taking a current-carrying wire and coiling it
around an object that can be magnetized (like an iron nail).
– The strength of this electromagnet can be increased by
increasing the number of coils or increasing the current in the wire.
•On the other hand, a magnetic field can be used to produce a
current. Many sources of electrical power use kinetic energy to rotate a large magnet inside a coil of wires. This creates a current flowing through the wires that can then be
6. A student constructed an electromagnet that was capable of attracting and picking up 6 paperclips. The student wants to change the electromagnet to pick up more than 6 paperclips. Which of the
following would be the best adjustment to make to improve the electromagnet?
a. Replace the nail with a wooden pencil
b. Increase the number of loops around the nail from 15 to 25
c. Decrease the current flowing through the wire from 2 amps to 1 amp
d. Use a wire with a larger resistance
A student makes the following apparatus to
generate an electric magnet. The magnet works when wires are connected to both poles of the
battery but not when one wire is removed. Why is this the case?
a. Disconnecting one wire disrupts current flow and generation of the magnetic field
b. Disconnecting one wire increases the resistance which is greater than the magnetic field
c. Disconnecting one wire increases the amperage which decreases the magnetic field
d. Disconnecting one wire disrupts the magnetic field by created by the flow of neutrons through the wire
Which of the following best represents the energy transfer that occurs when an incandescent light bulb is turned on?
a. Chemical energy → thermal energy →kinetic energy
b. Electrical energy → electromagnetic energy → chemical energy
c. Gravitational energy → thermal energy → chemical energy
Incandescent vs. Fluorescent Bulbs
• Incandescent bulbs - Electricity runs through the
filament. Because the filament is so thin, it offers a good bit of resistance to the electricity, and this
resistance turns electrical energy into heat. The heat is enough to make the filament white hot, and the
"white" part is light. The filament glows because of the heat -- it incandesces.
• The problem with incandescent light bulbs is that the
heat wastes a lot of electricity.
– Heat is not light, and the purpose of the light bulb is light,
so all of the energy spent creating heat is a waste.
Fluorescent –
• There is a stream of electrons (no filament) flowing
between the electrodes at both ends of the fluorescent bulb.
• The electrons interact with mercury vapor atoms
floating inside the bulb.
• The mercury atoms become excited, and when they
return to an unexcited state they release photons of light in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum.
• These ultraviolet photons collide with the phosphor
coating the inside of the bulb, and the phosphor creates visible light.
Glowing Filament = Hot!
Tube of gas with electrodes
Electrical circuits
There are three characteristics of an electrical circuit- voltage (V),
current (I), and resistance (R).
Voltage (or potential difference) is the amount of “push” on the
electrons in the circuit. This is provided by electricity source (battery or outlet). The unit of voltage is volts.
Current is a measure of the amount of electrical charge that is flowing through the circuit. The unit of current is ampere or amp.
Resistance is a measure of how hard it is for the electron to flow through the circuit. The unit of resistance is ohm.
These three variables are all related in a mathematical equation known as Ohm’s Law: V = IR.
According to Ohm’s Law, as the voltage of a circuit increases, the current of the circuit will also increase. On the other hand, if the
If a 9-V battery is replaced with a 12-V battery in
an electrical circuit containing a light bulb, which
of the following changes would you expect to
occur?
a. The resistance in the circuit will decrease
b. The current in the circuit will increase
To demonstrate static electricity, a teacher takes an inflated rubber balloon and rubs it on
his head. The rubber balloon picks up electrons from his hair, which causes his hair to have
a(n) ____________. a. electrical current b. net positive charge c. net negative charge
Consumers use many products made of plastic. Plastics are carbon-based polymers
made from smaller carbon compounds, called monomers.
13. In organic molecules, the carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms are held together
by _____________. a. hydrogen bonds b. covalent bonds c. ionic bonds
Rubber Tires
The tires on most cars are not made of natural rubber because it becomes brittle in the cold and sticky in the heat. Instead, natural rubber is vulcanized by adding
sulfur and heat, making it stronger and more elastic. This process is represented chemically in the diagram below.
14. The complete combustion or burning of natural rubber will produce
_____________.
a. hydrogen and oxygen b. oxygen and water
16. During the vulcanization reaction shown above, the natural rubber polymer is
converted to a new polymer by the _____________. a. cross-linking of carbon atoms with sulfur atoms b. cross-linking of hydrogen atoms with sulfur atoms c. replacement of carbon atoms with sulfur atoms d. replacement of hydrogen atoms with sulfur atoms
17. Vulcanization leads to __________ bonds between two polymer chains to increase
strength and elasticity. a. ionic
b. hydrogen c. covalent
14. The complete combustion or burning of natural rubber will produce
_____________.
a. hydrogen and oxygen b. oxygen and water
c. hydrogen gas and water d. carbon dioxide and water
15. What is a possible explanation for why Vulcanized rubber is stronger than natural rubber.
a. branched polymers with more than one hydrocarbon strand are stronger than linear polymers
b. linear polymers with one strand are stronger than branched polymers
18. Many communities encourage the recycling
of plastics, even though it is often expensive to
do so. Why is it beneficial to the environment to
recycle plastics?
a. Plastics are expensive to manufacture.
b. Plastics are made from renewable resources.
c. Plastics decompose quickly, releasing toxic
chemicals.
SCENARIO:
Amy is searching for information on the risks and
benefits of synthetic polymer development. She
knows that one of the most important factors in
researching an issue online is evaluating the
credibility of the source of information to ensure
that it is factual and unbiased. Below is
Website #1: URL= www.snaplock.com
This company provides information regarding the safety of the products they
manufacture and sell globally. They produce sandwich bags and disposable food storage containers.
Website #2: URL= www.polymers.harvard.edu
This site is maintained by the head of the Department of Polymer Science at Harvard University, Dr. Ingus H. Jones. It provides information about the current research being done on polymers.
Website #3: URL= www.aol.com/jeffhatesplastics
This site was developed Jeff, who organizes a local activist group against the use of plastics and advocates for the use of natural and organic materials.
Website #4: URL= www.polymers.journals.acs.org
This site is run by the American Chemical Society and contains the journal articles published and reviewed by scientists in the field of synthetic polymers.
Website #5: URL= www.nytimes.com/shouldplasticsbeused
This site is maintained by the New York Times and posts articles published in the New York Times. The article explores the risks and advantages of developing various plastic materials and is entitled: “Should Plastics be Used?”. It was originally published June 16th, 1993.
43. Yeast is grown in a 500 ml flask that is shaken to introduce oxygen for cellular respiraton. The growth media contains 2% Glucose and other nutrients. The nutrients and the size of the container are limiting factors that determine the ______________ of the environment.
a. absolute value b. total population c. carrying capacity d. mortality rate
44. The growth rate of a local population is dependent on the birth rate minus the death rate and _____________.
a. the ratio of males to females in the population
b. the lifespan of females beyond the reproductive age
c. the amount of genetic variation that exists in the population
d. the immigration and emigration of individuals to and from the population
45. The invention of antibiotic and vaccines are two technological advances that have ____________________ the mortality rate in developed countries.
a. eliminated b. raised c. lowered
• BACKGROUND:
• The human population has existed for a little more
than 500,000 years. About 10,000 years ago, the total human population was about 3 million people, most of them hunters and gatherers. The development of early agriculture provided a stable supply of food and as a result the human population increased rapidly and reached one billion (1,000,000,000) in 1840. The
development of technology and medicine in the 20th century reduced the death rate and increased the
growth rate even further. Despite these advances,
Question 1:
Use the population distribution graphs to answer the following question.
Which of the three above
population distribution graphs (pyramids) shows a developing country with a rapid
rate of growth? Mention at least
