Jeffersonian Democracy

(1)

Jeffersonian Democracy

 Federalists lose touchFederalists lose touch  ChangesChanges

 Judiciary Act, 1801 Judiciary Act, 1801  EconomicsEconomics

 Marbury v. Madison, 1803Marbury v. Madison, 1803  Barbary PiratesBarbary Pirates

 Gun BoatsGun Boats

 ConstitutionalityConstitutionality  Lewis and ClarkLewis and Clark

 Results of the explorationResults of the exploration

 QuidsQuids

 Orders of CouncilOrders of Council  Manufacturing)Manufacturing)  Tecumseh\ProphetTecumseh\Prophet  Battle of Tippecanoe Battle of Tippecanoe

River-1811

 Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson  New EnglandNew England  War of 1812War of 1812

(2)

John Adams….disliked

 As the election of 1800 neared the As the election of 1800 neared the Federalists were in trouble

Federalists were in trouble

 # 16-Why did Adams lose support from his # 16-Why did Adams lose support from his party and other Americans?

party and other Americans?

 Adams had lost support among Federalists Adams had lost support among Federalists after his treaty with France

after his treaty with France

 He only got Senate approval after He only got Senate approval after threatening to resign…..TJ would be threatening to resign…..TJ would be President

President

 Taxes raised by Federalist (even a stamp Taxes raised by Federalist (even a stamp tax)

tax)

 Losing power in CongressLosing power in Congress

 Federalists accused Jefferson of sex with Federalists accused Jefferson of sex with slaves; bastard children

slaves; bastard children  Sally Hemmings

(3)

Election of 1800

(4)

“

Jefferson or Burr? The former without

all doubt.”

Alexander Hamilton



Jefferson and Burr had a run off in the House

of Representatives



It was controlled by the Federalists



Alexander Hamilton helped Jefferson get

elected



Although they were political enemies, he hated

(5)

Revolution

of 1800

(6)

Losing touch



The election of 1800 ended Federalist power



12th Amendment calling for separate election of

VP and President after the Burr\Jefferson problem



Jefferson wanted changes in govt.



The

Federalists were losing touch

with the

common people; the frontier people support the

Republicans



Why?

(7)

Changes

 Jefferson began to deformalize the presidency and Jefferson began to deformalize the presidency and

reduce costs

 Reduced the militaryReduced the military

 Democratic-Republicans gain powerDemocratic-Republicans gain power  5 years for citizenship5 years for citizenship

 Alien and Sedition Acts expiredAlien and Sedition Acts expired

 Excise tax removedExcise tax removed

 Most of Hamilton’s plan stayed in tactMost of Hamilton’s plan stayed in tact

 This cost the US a million dollars a year in revenueThis cost the US a million dollars a year in revenue

 Jefferson created a strict economy which reduced the Jefferson created a strict economy which reduced the

debt and balanced the budget

(8)

Judiciary Act, 1801

 Before Adams left office, he passed Before Adams left office, he passed

an act

an act to create new judgeships; to create new judgeships; Adams filled them with Federalists Adams filled them with Federalists

 Adams stayed up until midnight Adams stayed up until midnight

before he was supposed to leave before he was supposed to leave filling the judgeships

filling the judgeships

 Midnight judgesMidnight judges name given to name given to

judges Adams created judges Adams created

 Jefferson didn’t like this and tried Jefferson didn’t like this and tried

to keep it from happening

 Some of the men were defeated Some of the men were defeated

Federalist Congressmen, former Federalist Congressmen, former loyalists, relatives of John Marshall loyalists, relatives of John Marshall (who was a cousin of TJ)

(9)

Economic System



Jefferson’s economic advisor was Albert

Gallatin



Wanted to get rid of the debt



Wanted taxes to pay the interest



Not supported by farmers

because they would

pay the most and put more power into wealthy

(10)

Marbury v. Madison,

1803

 The Republican Congress began to attack the The Republican Congress began to attack the 1801 Judiciary Act and repealed it

1801 Judiciary Act and repealed it

 Judicial review was established in this case Judicial review was established in this case (not (not used again until 1857)

used again until 1857)

 Sec. Of State Madison didn’t deliver the _{Sec. Of State Madison didn’t deliver the} appointment of the judgeship to William appointment of the judgeship to William

Marbury (FED) (writ of mandamus: issued by Marbury (FED) (writ of mandamus: issued by higher court for a specific action) and he asked higher court for a specific action) and he asked the Supreme Court to make a ruling

the Supreme Court to make a ruling

 John Marshall had to make a decision that John Marshall had to make a decision that

wouldn’t be ignored, but who would he support? wouldn’t be ignored, but who would he support?  Part of the Judiciary Act, 1789 was _{Part of the Judiciary Act, 1789 was}

unconstitutional and Marbury could come unconstitutional and Marbury could come straight to the Supreme Court

straight to the Supreme Court

(11)

Jefferson attacked the

Federalist court

With no results

(accusations of treason, etc.)

(12)

Barbary Pirates

 Weak army and navyWeak army and navy

 North African pirates attacking US shipsNorth African pirates attacking US ships  Previous Federalist policy was to bribe Previous Federalist policy was to bribe

the pirates (even though they said they the pirates (even though they said they wouldn’t)

wouldn’t)

 The Pasha of Tripoli informally declared The Pasha of Tripoli informally declared

war on the US………he wasn’t being war on the US………he wasn’t being paid enough

paid enough

 Jefferson reluctantly sent US ships to the Jefferson reluctantly sent US ships to the

“shores of Tripoli” (Marine’s Hymn) “shores of Tripoli” (Marine’s Hymn)

 After 4 years, $60,000 paid as ransom After 4 years, $60,000 paid as ransom

for captured sailors……we saved $ for captured sailors……we saved $

 Jefferson began to build up small Jefferson began to build up small gun gun boats

boats for the Navy to protect the US for the Navy to protect the US coast

(13)

The gun boats wouldn’t protect

US ships at sea

Federalists called it the

“Mosquito Fleet”

Fast, but frail

Backfired on Jefferson as war loomed

(14)

Spain had secretly sold France

Louisiana in 1800; Pickney’s

Treaty became invalid

Some thought this would lead to war with France

and Spain

Spain was no real threat…..but France had

Napoleon

We didn’t want to be between French Canada and

Louisiana

(15)

(16)

(17)

(18)

Louisiana Purchase: 1803

 #19-20#19-20

 What did Jefferson want from What did Jefferson want from France regarding the

France regarding the

Mississippi River?

 Why did France offer more Why did France offer more and what did they offer?

and what did they offer?

 James Monroe sentJames Monroe sent;; spend no spend no more than $10 million

more than $10 million

 If negotiations failed……make If negotiations failed……make treaty with Britain against

treaty with Britain against

France

 Napoleon offered all of Napoleon offered all of Louisiana………why?

Louisiana………why?

 Bought for 15 million; about 3 Bought for 15 million; about 3 cents an acre

(19)

Jefferson had philosophical

problems with the purchase



How did he view the Constitution?



Did he have the right to buy the land?



He gave the treaty to the Senate and claimed its

unconstitutionality



They wanted the land!



The price included debts owed to France



Federalists were against the purchase



Why?

(20)

Lewis and

Clark

 Sent to explore even before the Sent to explore even before the

purchase

 2 years (1804-06)2 years (1804-06)

 Meriwether Lewis and William Meriwether Lewis and William Clark

Clark

 Lewis and Clark were sent to find a Lewis and Clark were sent to find a water route for westward expansion

water route for westward expansion

 What was out there?What was out there?

 VolcanoesVolcanoes  DinosaursDinosaurs

 Trip lasted two years; actually _{Trip lasted two years; actually} started before it was bought

started before it was bought

 Sacajawea was an Indian guide for _{Sacajawea was an Indian guide for} Lewis and Clark

Lewis and Clark

 knew the landknew the land  had a babyhad a baby

Expanded the Mississippi valley Showed that they could reach the Pacific

(21)

Lewis and Clark Info

 IndiansIndians  DiseaseDisease

 Pulling barges up streamPulling barges up stream  Only one person died Only one person died

(appendix burst)

 West coast Indians differentWest coast Indians different  Fished, hunted in canoes, Fished, hunted in canoes,

looked different

 Black servants (hubba, hubba)Black servants (hubba, hubba)  Seemed like they would fail Seemed like they would fail

many times

 Ran out of food and Ran out of food and

supplies, etc.

(22)

What happened to Meriwether

Lewis and William Clark?

 President Jefferson appointed Lewis governor of the Territory of Upper Louisiana  Once there, he got himself into debt by buying land and in preparing the expedition

journals for publication.

 President James Madison, who had succeeded Jefferson, declined to reimburse him for

expense money he requested to return the Mandan and Osage delegation to their homeland, and Secretary of War William Eustis intimated that Lewis would profit from the funds.

 In August 1809, a distressed Lewis wrote to Eustis: "I have never received a penny of

public Money.... I have been informed Representations have been made against me,—all I wish is a full and fair Investigation."

 In late 1809, Lewis left St. Louis for Washington, D.C. to clear his name. Severely

depressed, Lewis attempted suicide twice en route.

 Upon arriving at a roadhouse in Tennessee on October 10, the 35-year-old explorer ended

his life by shooting himself with two pistols.

(23)

Zebulon Pike

Explored the Mississippi River and

(24)

(25)

Results of the Purchase\

Exploration



Doubles the size of the US



Showed overland travel was possible



Served as a unifying factor\nationalism

(26)

Aaron Burr

 In Jefferson’s second In Jefferson’s second

administration; internal administration; internal

problems problems

 Aaron Burr was dropped in _{Aaron Burr was dropped in}

second election (1804) and second election (1804) and

turned on TJ turned on TJ

 Burr supported (with High Burr supported (with High

Federalists) a Northern Federalists) a Northern

Confederation: Nova Scotia, Confederation: Nova Scotia,

New England, NY, Penn. New England, NY, Penn. To secede from the union To secede from the union

 Burr later ran for governor Burr later ran for governor

of NY and was thwarted by of NY and was thwarted by

Hamilton (NY) Hamilton (NY)

 Duel……Hamilton killed Duel……Hamilton killed

1804 1804

(27)

Treason

 Burr fled NYBurr fled NY

 Then planned to take over western parts of America and parts of Then planned to take over western parts of America and parts of

Mexico and form their own country Mexico and form their own country

 Burr returned meanwhile to finish out his term of officeBurr returned meanwhile to finish out his term of office  1806: began to organize his rebellion1806: began to organize his rebellion

 Aides turned on Burr and he was brought to trialAides turned on Burr and he was brought to trial

 Marshall ruled that acts of treason must be attested by two witnesses; Marshall ruled that acts of treason must be attested by two witnesses;

acquitted acquitted

 Jefferson was furiousJefferson was furious

 Fled to Europe in hopes of a deal with Napoleon……later returned to Fled to Europe in hopes of a deal with Napoleon……later returned to

NY unnoticed and died there in 1836 NY unnoticed and died there in 1836

(28)

Quids

Dissenter

Republicans who thought Jefferson

was breaking away from the original

party ideals

Jefferson saw the need for

(29)

Jefferson’s second

term would cause him

Orders of Council



1806: Closed French ports to

foreign shipping unless they stopped

at a British port first



Tax



Napoleon issued the same for

(31)

Impressment Increased



British sailors=poor working

conditions



Things were better on American

ships



As the British began fighting

(32)

1807: Chesapeake Incident

 #21#21

 US ship: US ship: ChesapeakeChesapeake  British ship: British ship: LeopardLeopard

 British warships were close to British warships were close to the US

(33)

Embargo Act,

1807

 #22-23-What was Jefferson’s #22-23-What was Jefferson’s

alternative to war and explain the alternative to war and explain the key points of it. Was it

key points of it. Was it successful? Explain. successful? Explain.

 England trades with South England trades with South

America (rebelling from Spain) America (rebelling from Spain)

 Effects of the Act:Effects of the Act:

 Illegal trade through CanadaIllegal trade through Canada  Talk of secession in NETalk of secession in NE

 UnemploymentUnemployment  Loopholes to tradeLoopholes to trade

 If American ships were If American ships were

blow off course, you blow off course, you could dock in British or could dock in British or French ports…….strange French ports…….strange winds

winds

 Repealed in 1809Repealed in 1809

Jefferson didn’t seek a third term, but selected his

successor

Secretary of State: James Madison

(34)

(35)

Manufacturing

New England began to manufacture

their own goods; can’t trade

Unknowingly, Jefferson (a critic of

factories) may have done more to

(36)

James Madison (1808-1816)

 TJ didn’t seek a third termTJ didn’t seek a third term  TJ and John Adams died TJ and John Adams died

same day: July 4, 1826

 MadisonMadison

 Dem-RepublicanDem-Republican  Some saw him as a Some saw him as a

pawn of Napoleon

(37)

Trade must continue….



# 24-Id the Non-Intercourse Act, 1809

and Macon’s Bill #2.

 Madison began to look for ways to increase Madison began to look for ways to increase trade

trade

 The embargo wasn’t continued long The embargo wasn’t continued long

enough to make a dent

 3 times more costly than the eventual war3 times more costly than the eventual war  Could have built a strong navyCould have built a strong navy

(38)

WAR

 In 1810, Congressional In 1810, Congressional elections were held and a

elections were held and a

groups named the War

Hawks were elected

 #25-Describe the War #25-Describe the War Hawks and their leaders.

Hawks and their leaders.

(39)

War Hawks see the war as a way

to expand west and gain land

(40)

Indian Problems



What were the British

giving the Indians?



William H. Harrison got

some leaders together,

got them drunk, and

they signed over 3

million acres of land…

led to conflicts

 "No tribe has the right to sell, "No tribe has the right to sell,

even to each other, much less to

even to each other, much less to

strangers.... Sell a country! Why

not sell the air, the great sea, as

well as the earth? Didn't the

Great Spirit make them all for

Great Spirit make them all for

the use of his children? The way,

the only way to stop this evil is

for the red man to unite in

for the red man to unite in

claiming a common and equal

right in the land, as it was first,

and should be now, for it was

never divided."

 Tecumseh, Chief of the Shawnee _{Tecumseh, Chief of the Shawnee}

(41)

Tecumseh



#26



Don’t sell your land, don’t

drink the fire water, don’t

copy white customs, etc.



Prophet attacked

(42)

Battle of Tippecanoe

 William H. Harrison attacked William H. Harrison attacked Tecumseh’s village

Tecumseh’s village

 The Indians lost the battle and The Indians lost the battle and the confederation fell apart

the confederation fell apart; but ; but many Indians then fought on the

many Indians then fought on the

side of the British in the War of

1812

(43)

New England

 Why would the wealthy north not want to fight with Why would the wealthy north not want to fight with

Britain?

 New England (some middle states) wanted to avoid war New England (some middle states) wanted to avoid war

with Britain; trade and Federalist support

 Profits dull patriotismProfits dull patriotism

 The War Hawks wanted to take over Canada (some good The War Hawks wanted to take over Canada (some good

farm land)

 The south and west called for help from the govt. with The south and west called for help from the govt. with

their Indian Problem

 Madison, who didn’t want war, buckled under pressure and Madison, who didn’t want war, buckled under pressure and

war was declared against

(44)

Why not fight France?

They were doing

similar things to the US

Republicans were in power

Visibility of British impressment

(45)

War of 1812

 Shortly after war was Shortly after war was declared, the Orders of

declared, the Orders of

Council were revoked……

too late

 The war could be stopped, The war could be stopped, the Warhawks wanted it!

the Warhawks wanted it!

 Fought against Britain in Fought against Britain in 1812-1814

1812-1814

(46)

British Motive



The Warhawks were a minority group of the

Republican party



War was agreed to due to economic problems

of the south and west



Madison believed the British motive was to

strangle American trade and eliminate a rival



Jefferson believed that when the war with

France was over, Britain would stop



The US was a divided country over the war

Sally Hemmings

Epic Rap Battle