Ismail Butun. Editor. Industrial IoT. Challenges, Design Principles, Applications, and Security

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Industrial IoT

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Ismail Butun

Editor

Industrial IoT

Challenges, Design Principles, Applications,

and Security

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Editor Ismail Butun

Chalmers University of Technology G¨oteborg, Sweden

ISBN 978-3-030-42499-2 ISBN 978-3-030-42500-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42500-5

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

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In memory of my grandparents and

my father Orhan Bütün . . .

To my mother Emine Bütün

˙Ismail Bütün

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Foreword

I am honored to write this foreword for the book: “Industrial IoT: Challenges, Design Principles, Applications, and Security.” The Editor of this book, Dr. Ismail Butun, is a well-known researcher with impactful contributions in wireless communications, computer networks, and network security for the past several years.

He published more than 35 scientific articles which were noticed by the research community. His publications have already received more than 1000 citations along with an H-index of 12. He demonstrates his knowledge in this edited book. I find this book very useful for academicians and practitioners in the industry.

As the industrial revolution (a.k.a. Industry 4.0) continues at full pace, it is indispensable to include all the benefits offered by the wireless technology, as it is also evolving at a very fast pace. Besides, as the autonomous robots are invading the factory floors at a rapid rate, they constitute another fleet of things in the IoT to be wirelessly connected to each other and to the control center. Moreover, after several decades of design and development, the smart grid and micro-grid technologies have evolved from the traditional electric grid to the point where they include remote monitoring and control, along with smart meters, sending gigabytes of information per hour to the control center. Further, using the 4G/5G cellular and low-power WAN wireless technologies, the Internet of Things (IoT) such as NB- IoT and LoRaWAN are more flexible, deployable, scalable, and reachable than ever before.

With all these advances, the Industrial IoT (so-called IIoT) concept is evolving and comprises the primary focus of this book. It introduces all the recent technologies devised for the industrial networks, IoT, and IIoT domains, from factory floor deployments to in-house applications. Therefore, it is not only for experts and academicians in the field but also for the beginners and practitioners in the industry.

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viii Foreword

This book covers a wide range of topics, including but not limited to, the digital twin, IoT-based industrial indoor/outdoor lighting systems, wireless communications challenges and opportunities, decentralized computing, fog/edge/cloud computing, data streaming, cyber-security, and intrusion detection.

Georgia Tech Prof. Ian F. Akyildiz

Atlanta, GA, USA January 2020

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Preface

We are all living in a connected world and Cisco predicts 500 Billion things of the IoT to be further included in this connection; meaning more automation, remote access and control to be infused in our everyday routines.

This book, “Industrial IoT: Challenges, Design Principles, Applications, and Security,” aims at presenting the recent developments in the fields of industrial networks, IoT, and IIoT domains. For this book, 18 chapter proposals were submitted from the academicians and practitioners in the field. After careful reviews, six chapters were finally accepted to be included in this book with an acceptance rate of 33%.

Since readers of this book are likely to come from various backgrounds, being aware of the implicit structure of this book might be helpful. The contributed chapters in this book cover a broad range of topics related to IIoT networks, including wired/wireless communication technologies, industrial applications, cyber-security, and intrusion detection. The book consists of three parts and six chapters, which I find a convenient way of presenting the overall material:

Part I consists of Chaps. 1 and 2 to introduce preliminaries, design principles, and challenges of the IIoT. Chapter 1 introduces an overview of most of the networking, communication, and ICT technologies available in the industrial networks, whereas Chap. 2 presents wireless communication technologies that apply to IIoT and also discussed their unique challenges.

Part II consists of Chaps. 3 and 4 to introduce automation trends and applications of IIoT. Chapter 3 is dedicated to IoT-driven advances in industrial and commercial smart buildings, especially new advances at IoT-based industrial indoor/outdoor lighting systems. Chapter 4 introduces the automation trends in industrial networks and IIoT, including the most famous digital twin concept.

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x Preface

Part III consists of Chaps. 5 and 6 to stress on the cyber-security of IIoT.

Chapter 5 presents the security of IIoT networks, especially within the decentralized cloud computing settings of the IIoT. Finally, Chap. 6 concludes Part III and the book by stressing on the detection of intrusions with data streaming concept.

Göteborg, Sweden Ismail Butun

January 2020

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Acknowledgements

First of all, my special thanks go to Prof. Ian F. Akyildiz (Ken Byers Chair Professor in Telecommunications, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA) for reviewing my book and providing his valuable feedback along with the Foreword section he has written.

I would like to express gratitude to my colleagues (especially to Magnus, Marina, Tomas, and Vincenzo) at Network and Systems Division, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, for their courage and support.

Generous academicians and practitioners helped in the thorough review process of the book, including the authors of each chapter of this book. I appreciate each of them for providing their expertise in this process along with their valuable time.

Especially, I would like to convey my gratitude to the following external reviewers:

• Daniel dos Santos (Ph.D.), Forescout Technologies Inc. (USA)

• Lakshmikanth Guntupalli (Ph.D.), Ericsson Inc. (Sweden)

Last but not least, I would also like to thank my editor Susan Evans (Springer Nature, USA) and her team for providing the editorial support needed while preparing this book.

Goteborg, Sweden Ismail Butun

January 2020

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About the Editor

Ismail Butun (Ph.D.) received his B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Hacettepe University. He received his second M.Sc. degree and Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of South Florida in 2009 and 2013, respectively. He worked as an Assistant Professor in years between 2015 and 2017 at Bursa Technical University and Abdullah Gul University. From 2016 to 2019, he was employed as a post- doctoral researcher by the University of Delaware and Mid Sweden University, respectively. Since July 2019, he has been working as a post-doctoral fellow for Network and Systems Division, Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Chalmers University of Technology. He has more than 36 publications in international peer-reviewed scientific journals and conference proceedings, along with an H-index of 12 and I-index of 14.

Dr. Butun is a well-recognized academic reviewer by IEEE, ACM, and Springer, who served for 39 various scientific journals and conferences in the review process of more than 106 articles. He contributed as a track chair and session chair for numerous international conferences and workshops, and performed as a technical program committee (TPC) member for several international conferences organized by IEEE, Springer, and ACM. His research interests include but not limited to computer networks, wireless communications, WSNs, IoT, IIoT, LPWAN, LoRa, cyber-physical systems, cryptography, network security, and intrusion detection.

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Contributors

The authors are listed according to the appearances of the chapters they have written.

Alexios Lekidis Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece Alparslan Sari Cybersecurity Research Group, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware Newark, DE, USA

Hasan Basri Celebi Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

Antonios Pitarokoilis Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

Mikael Skoglund Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

Daniel Minoli DVI Communications, New York, NY, USA

Benedict Occhiogrosso DVI Communications, New York, NY, USA David Camacho Castillón GEA, Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain Jorge Chavero Martín GEA, Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain Damaso Perez-Moneo Suarez GEA, Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain Álvaro Raimúndez Martínez GEA, Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain

Victor López Álvarez Telefónica I+D, Ronda de la Comunicación S/N Madrid, Madrid, Spain

Monjur Ahmed Waikato Institute of Technology, Hamilton, New Zealand Sapna Jaidka Waikato Institute of Technology, Hamilton, New Zealand Nurul I. Sarkar Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand

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xviii Contributors

Ismail Butun Network and Systems Division, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden

Magnus Almgren Network and Systems Division, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden Vincenzo Gulisano Network and Systems Division, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden Marina Papatriantafilou Network and Systems Division, Department of Com- puter Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden

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Acronyms

AI Artificial Intelligence

AMI Advanced Metering Infrastructure AWGN Additive white Gaussian noise

BACnet Building Automation and Control Networks BAS Building Automation System

BBU Baseband Unit

BCH Bose, Chaudhuri, and Hocquenghem code Bi-AWGN Binary input AWGN channel

BLE Bluetooth Low Energy

BMS Building Management Systems BYOD Bring-Your-Own-Device CBA Component Based Automation

CER Codeword Error Rate

COB Communication Objects

COSEM COmpanion Specification for Energy Metering COTS Commercial off the shelf

CPS Cyber-Physical Systems CSF Cybersecurity Framework

CSMS Cyber Security Management System CSP Cloud Service Provider

CV Computer Vision

DB Database

DBMS Database Management System

DLMS Device Language Message specification

DoS Denial-Of-Service

DDoS Distributed DoS

DIDS Distributed IDS

DNP3 Distributed Network Protocol-3 EDS Electronic Data Sheet

eMBB enhanced Mobile Broadband

EPL Ethernet Power-Link

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xx Acronyms

EtherCAT Ethernet for Control Automation Technology GDPR General Data Protection Regulation by EU HART Highway Addressable Remote Transducer protocol HMI Human–Machine Interface

IaaS Infrastructure as a Service IACS Industrial and Control System

ICT Information and Communications Technology IDS Intrusion Detection Systems

IEC International Electrotechnical Commission IIC Industrial Internet Consortium

IIoT Industrial Internet of Things IoT Internet of Things

IIRA Internet Reference Architecture IPS Intrusion Prevention System IRT Isochronous Real Time

ISA International Society of Automation

ISO International Organization for Standardization

IT Information Technology

LAN Local Area Network

LDPC Low Density Parity Check code

LED Light Emitting Diode

LoRa Long-Range

LoRaWAN LoRa Wide Area Network

LPWA Low-Power Wide-Area

LPWAN Low-Power Wide-Area Networks

LTE Long-Term Evolution

MAC Medium Access Control

MITM Man-In-The-Middle

ML Machine Learning

ML Maximum-likelihood

mMTC massive Machine-Type Communication MOS Metal-Oxide Semiconductor

M2M Machine to Machine

NB-IoT Narrow-Band IoT

NERC North American Electric Reliability NFC Near Field Communication

NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology NLP Natural Language Processing

NMT Network Management

OPC-UA Object Linking and Embedding for Process Control Unified Architecture

OS Ordered Statistics

OSI Open System Interconnect

OT Operational Technology

RH Radio Head

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Acronyms xxi

RLC Radio Link Control

PaaS Platform as a Service PAN Personal Area Network

PDCP Packet Data Convergence Protocol

PDN Packet Data Network

PDO Process Data Object

PERA Purdue Enterprise Reference Architecture PII Personal Identification Information

PIIoT Private IIoT

PLC Programmable Logic Controller PLM Product Life-Cycle Management PoE Power over Ethernet

QoS Quality of Service

RAMI4.0 Reference Architecture Model Industrie 4.0

RAT Remote Access Trojan

ROI Return of Investment

RTU Remote Terminal Unit

SaaS Software as a Service

SCADA Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition SCNM Slot Communication Network Management SDN Software-Defined Networking

SDO Service Data Object SDR Software-Defined Radio SIS Safety Instrument Systems SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio SPE Stream Processing Engine SVM Support Vector Machine TCP Transmission Control Protocol TMR Triple Modular Redundancy UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicles UDP User Datagram Protocol

UE User Equipment

URLLC Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication VANET Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks

VPN Virtual Private Network WiFi Wireless Fidelity

WirelessHART Wireless version of the wired HART protocol

Ismail Butun. Editor. Industrial IoT. Challenges, Design Principles, Applications, and Security

Industrial IoT

Ismail Butun

Editor

Industrial IoT

Challenges, Design Principles, Applications,

and Security

In memory of my grandparents and

my father Orhan Bütün . . .

To my mother Emine Bütün

˙Ismail Bütün

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgements

About the Editor

Contents

Contributors

Acronyms