Presented by:
Greg Church
NetLogic Practice Manager
gchurch@datanetworks.com
About Data Networks
{
Leading technology solution provider
for 25 years
{
Focused exclusively on public sector
(K-12, Hi-Ed, SLG)
{
Pair innovative technology with inspired
engineering
{
Deep staff of in-house project managers
and procurement experts
{
Comprehensive suite of “Enterprise
Solutions that Work”
Current IT Challenges
Today’s Agenda
Rising IT costs and decreasing
operational efficiencies
Deployment
Virtualization Concepts
Current IT Challenges
Virtualization Concepts
Hypervisor types, core virtualization
features, basic design
Deployment
Guest O/S support, software versions, and
deployment examples
Architecture and Components
Architecture and Components
VMware Infrastructure 3, Microsoft
Hyper-V, and Citrix XenServer 5
Management
Management
Management software and feature
Your IT Challenges
IT COSTS
EFFICIENCY
Rising Costs
{
Adding New Servers
{Data Center Power
{Data Center Cooling
{Server Administration
{Hardware Upgrades
{Backup and Recovery
Lower ROI
Avg Server Utilization:
{5-10% of Processor
{25-50% of Memory
{<1% of Disk Throughput
Capacity
{<1% of Network Adapter
Throughput
Less Manageability
{Complexity increases as
servers multiply
{
The number of apps
continues to grow
{
Heterogeneous mix of
HW, models, O/S,
configs
Lower Efficiency
{
More time spent on
reactive tasks like server
provisioning,
configuration, and
monitoring
{
Less time spent on
proactive, strategic IT
projects
Current IT Challenges
Today’s Agenda
Rising IT costs and decreasing
operational efficiencies
Deployment
Virtualization Concepts
Virtualization Concepts
Hypervisor types, core virtualization
features, basic design
Guest O/S support, software versions, and
deployment examples
Architecture and Components
VMware Infrastructure 3, Microsoft
Hyper-V, and Citrix XenServer 5
Management
Management software and feature
{
HW independence of O/S and apps
{VM can be provisioned to any system
{Manage O/S and apps as one unit
Flexible, Affordable Infrastructure
After Virtualization
{
Software tied to hardware
{Single OS image per machine
{One application workload per OS
Inflexible, Costly Infrastructure
Before Virtualization
Type 1 (Native or Bare-Metal)
{
Hypervisors run directly on the
host's hardware as a hardware
control and guest o/s monitor
{Guest operating system runs on
another level above the hypervisor
Type 1 vs. Type 2 Virtualization
Type 2 (Hosted)
{
Hypervisors run within a
conventional operating system
environment
{
Guest operating systems run at the
third level above the hardware
Examples of Type 1 Hypervisors
{Apple Bootcamp
{Citrix
XenServer
{Microsoft
Hyper-V
{Oracle VM
{Parallels Server
{
Sun's Logical Domains
Hypervisor
{
VMware
ESX Server
1. Encapsulation
{
Servers are developed and saved into
a few files (Virtual Machine)
●
Virtual Bios = Nvram
●
Text file defining its configuration = w2k.vmx
●Disk file that contains its data = w2k.vmdk
{
An entire Server can be managed as a
simple collection of data files
{
Entire state of the VM is encapsulated
including:
●
Memory
●Disk images
●I/O device state
2. Hardware Independence
{
Portability Across Different x86
Hardware
●
Utilize Different hardware platforms
●Server can be transferred through
Time and Space
●
Time: Store Server in a file
●Space: Transfer Server over a
network
●
Rapid Server Provisioning
Run a virtual machine on any server
without modification
Hardware Independence
3. Isolation
{
Each virtual machine is isolated from
others
{
Totally separate OS, registry,
applications and data files
{
Immune to guest OS crashes, viruses
or corruption
{
Fault, performance, and security
isolation
{
CPU, RAM, Disk, and Network
resource controls*
{
Guaranteed service levels*
Isolation
Virtual Infrastructure OS App OS App OS AppBatch
Job
DR
Test
Each VM isolated from other VMs
% Utilization
Partitioning
Run multiple VMs
simultaneously on a single server
4. Partitioning
{
Dynamically map computing resources
VM based on business requirements
{
Lower IT costs through increased
efficiency, flexibility and responsiveness
{
Provision new services and change the
amount of resources dedicated to a
software service
{
Treat your Data Center as a single pool
of processing, storage and networking
power
Virtualization Building Blocks
Logical Resource
Pool
Considering Virtualization?
Keep the Following in Mind:
•
Strategy (replace, expand)
•
Which systems to virtualize
•
Operating systems involved
•
Hardware platforms
•
Administrative issues
•
Hardware reuse, replacement
•
Licensing issues
•
Legacy software considerations
•
Additional infrastructure requirements
•
Prototype testing
•
Migration
Current IT Challenges
Today’s Agenda
Rising IT costs and decreasing
operational efficiencies
Deployment
Virtualization Concepts
Hypervisor types, core virtualization
features, basic design
Guest O/S support, software versions, and
deployment examples
Architecture and Components
Architecture and Components
VMware Infrastructure 3, Microsoft
Hyper-V, and Citrix XenServer 5
Management
Management software and feature
3 Virtualization Approaches
X86 CPU Privilege level architecture without virtualization
1. Binary Translation and Direct Execution (Full Virtualization)
2. OS Assisted Virtualization (Paravirtualization)
VMware Infrastructure 3
{
Type 1 Hypervisor
{
Software Components
●
ESX Server
●
Virtual Center (vCenter)
●
VMotion
●
VMware HA
●
VMware DRS
●
VMware Consolidate Backup
Architecture
Microsoft Windows 2008 and Hyper-V
{
Type 1 Hypervisor
{
Software Components
●
Hyper-V Hypervisor
●
Windows Server 2008 Full Install
●
Windows Server 2008
(Server Core) Role
●
Hyper-V Administrative Console
and Server Manager Console
●
Microsoft System Center Virtual
Machine Manager (SCVMM)
Product Comparisons
Host Server: Table 1
Feature Set
VMware
ESX 3.5
Windows 2008
Hyper-V
Citrix
XenServer 5.0
Disk Size 560MB 2.6GB(Hyper-V + Server Core Install)
16GB, including GNU/Linux
Hypervisor Type Full Virtualization and
Para-virtualization (Linux only)
Para- virtualization
(requires Intel VT or AMD –V hardware support)
Para- virtualization
(requires Intel VT or AMD –V hardware support)
Platform Hardware Support Can be installed on 32-bit hardware Can be installed on 64-bit hardware
Requires 64-bit hardware with hardware-assistance (Intel VT or AMD –V) CPUs
Requires 64-bit hardware with hardware-assistance (Intel VT or AMD –V) CPUs
Hypervisor independence from
host OS Independent
Needs Windows 2008 (Full
install or Server Core install) Needs GNU/Linux
Hardware Drivers Optimized Drivers in Hypervisor Generic Windows Drivers Generic Linux Drivers
Memory Virtualization Approach
Memory Ballooning, Transparent
Page Sharing None None
Optimized File System for Virtualization
Virtual Machine File System (VMFS) Supports VMotion
None
Only supports Quick Migration
LVM-based Clustered file system
Product Comparisons
Host Server: Table 2
Feature Set
VMware
ESX 3.5
Windows 2008
Hyper-V
Citrix
XenServer 5.0
NIC redundancy and balancing NIC Teaming/Load Balancing Needs 3-party drivers NIC Teaming/Load Balancing
Move Running VMs between
cluster nodes without downtime Yes, with VMotion.
No. Only Quick Migration with
downtime. Yes. XenMotion.
High Availability and Clustering 32 nodes using VMFS.
16 nodes using Windows 2008 Failover Clustering Services.
16 nodes using LVM-based clustered file system
Virtual Machine Streaming None None
Share Gold vDisk Image with multiple VMs using Provisioning Server
Raw Device Mapping Yes via SCSI-pass through or through NPIV
Yes via SCSI-pass through or
through NPIV None
VM Snapshot/Hot Backup capacity
Off-host backups using VMware
Consolidated Backup (VCB) On-host via Windows VSS Only VM Metadata
Resource Re-distribution Yes via Distributed Resource Dynamic resource placement
Product Comparisons
Host Server: Table 3
Feature Set
VMware
ESX 3.5
Windows 2008
Hyper-V
Citrix
XenServer 5.0
Resource Allocation and Control
Priority control over Network traffic shaping, Storage I/O, memory, CPU and storage sharing
Priority control over Network, CPU, and storage
Priority control over Network, CPU, and storage
VLAN Support Yes Yes Yes
Disaster Recovery Automation and Management
Yes. Using Site Recovery Manager
(SRM) None. None.
Product Comparisons
Guest Operating System: Table 1
Feature Set
VMware
ESX 3.5
Windows 2008
Hyper-V
Citrix
XenServer 5.0
Windows OS Support 10 versions 9 versions 7 versions
GNU/Linux OS Support 16 versions 2 versions 9 versions
Solaris Support Yes none none
Netware 5.1 Support Yes none none
Netware 6.0 Support Yes none none
Netware 6.5 Support Yes none none
Number of Virtual CPUs per
VM 4 4 8
RAM Size per VM 64GB 64GB 32GB
32-bit VM Support Yes Yes Yes
Current IT Challenges
Today’s Agenda
Rising IT costs and decreasing
operational efficiencies
Deployment
Virtualization Concepts
Hypervisor types, core virtualization
features, basic design
Guest O/S support, software versions, and
deployment examples
Architecture and Components
VMware Infrastructure 3, Microsoft
Hyper-V, and Citrix XenServer 5
Management
Management
Management software and feature
VMware Management
VirtualCenter
Management Server
{
Create and manage inventory of
hosts and virtual machines
{
Provision virtual machines from
templates
{
Migrate running VMs across
hosts (VMotion)
{
Balance virtual machine
workloads across hosts (DRS)
{
Manage virtual machines for
high availability and disaster
recovery (HA)
Microsoft Management
Three Microsoft Options
Hyper-V Manager as MMC Snap-In and
Remote Management Client
•
Included
•
Supports basic management functions and
management of Hyper-V environment
Virtual Machine Manager (VMM ) 2008
Standalone
•
Requires additional purchase of VMM 2008
software and licenses
•
Enterprise management product for Hyper-V
environments
Server Management Suite Enterprise (SMSE)
with VMM 2008 Enterprise
•
Requires additional purchase of SMES software
and licenses, includes:
•
Operations Manager 2007
•
Configuration Manager 2007 R2
•
Data Protection Manager 2007
Citrix Management
Citrix XenCenter
o
Full virtual machine installation,
configuration and lifecycle management
o
Access to VM consoles: VNC for
installation-time, Xvnc for graphical displays
on Linux, and Remote Desktop for Windows
o
Remote storage configuration
o
XenSearch: searching, sorting, filtering, and
grouping, using tags and custom fields
o
Complete resource pool management
o
High availability configuration
o
Host networking management, including
VLANs and internal networks
Product Comparisons
Enterprise Management Comparison: Table 1
Feature Set
VMware ESX 3.5
Windows 2008 Hyper-V
Citrix XenServer 5.0
Enterprise System Management VMware Virtual Center (VCenter):
Additional Cost for Management software.
Virtual Machine Management (VMM ) 2008 Standalone:
Additional Cost for Management Software and licenses.
Server Management Suite Enterprise (SMES) with VMM 2008 Enterprise:
Additional Cost for Management Software and licenses.
XenCenter Installs with XenServer:
Included with XenServer, with limitations.
XenServer Express
• CPU Sockets: 2
• Max System RAM: 128GB • Concurrent VMs: Unlimited • Max RAM Per VM: 32gb • VLAN Support: No • Shared Storage: No • Server Pooling: No
• XenMotion live migration: No
XenServer Standard
• CPU Sockets: Unlimited • Max System RAM: 128GB • Concurrent VMs: Unlimited • Max RAM Per VM: 32gb • VLAN Support: Yes • Shared Storage: No • Server Pooling: No
• XenMotion live migration: No
XenServer Enterprise
• CPU Sockets: Unlimited • Max System RAM: 128GB • Concurrent VMs: Unlimited • Max RAM Per VM: 32gb • VLAN Support: Yes • Shared Storage: Yes • Server Pooling: Yes
• XenMotion live migration: Yes
Product Comparisons
Enterprise Management Comparison: Table 2
Feature Set
VMware ESX 3.5
Virtual Center (VCenter)
Windows 2008 Hyper-V
VMM 2008 Enterprise and Server Management Suite Enterprise (SMES)
Citrix XenServer 5.0
XenCenter
Command-Line Interface Yes Yes Yes Server Software Requirements Windows 2000 Server, Windows 2000 Advanced Server, Windows XP Professional, or Windows Server 2003 (Web, Standard, and Enterprise).
VMM 2008 Workgroup Edition
• Management Server license for Virtual Machine Manager 2008
• 5 Server Management License
VMM 2008 Enterprise Standalone Ed.
• Systems Center Operations Mgr 2007 • Virtual Machine Manager 2007
• Management Server license for Virtual Machine Manager 2008
• Server Management License
SMES w/ VMM 2008 Enterprise Ed.
• Operations Manager 2007 • Configuration Manager 2007 R2 • Data Protection Manager 2007 • Virtual Machine Manager 2008 • Manage Server license for VMM 2008 • Server Management Licenses
Requires XenServer Edition
• Standard • Enterprise • Platinum
Database Requirements MS SQL 2005 Express (free) Microsoft SQL 2000, 2005
Microsoft SQL 2005 Express Microsoft SQL Server 2005
Unlike other management consoles, no backend database server is required.
Product Comparisons
Enterprise Management Comparison: Table 3
Feature Set
VMware ESX 3.5
Virtual Center (VCenter)
Windows 2008 Hyper-V
VMM 2008 Enterprise and Server Mgt Suite Enterprise (SMES)
Citrix XenServer 5.0
XenCenter
Create, Modify, Delete VMs Yes Yes Yes
Create VM Templates Yes (Windows and Linux) Yes (Windows) Yes (Windows and Linux) Live Migration of VMs Yes, VMotion No Yes, XenMotion
Convert Physicals Servers to VM (P2V)
Yes, VCenter Converter Standalone or VCenter Converter Integrated Windows, Linux (RHEL, SUSE and Ubuntu)
Yes, VMM 2008 (Windows only) Yes, XenConvert (Windows )
P2V Online Conversion Yes Yes Yes P2V Offline Conversion Yes Yes Yes Virtual to Virtual Conversion
(V2V)
Yes, VCenter Converter
(VMware Fusion, ESX, ESXi,Server, MS Virtual PC, MS Hyper-V)
Yes , VMM 2008 (VMware ESX VMs and MS Virtual Server VMs)
Yes, XenConvert (MS Virtual Server)
Automatic Restart of VMs after Host Server failure
Yes, VMware HA service No No Self-Service to Operate,
Create, Manage, and store VMs
Yes (Virtual Infrastructure Web Access) Yes
(VMM 2008 and MS IIS Server)
No
Automated Host Server and VM Patch Management
Yes (VMware Update Manager ESX Hosts and select Windows VMs --Online VMs and Offline VMs)
Yes
(Windows 2008 SUS Server)
No
Product Comparisons
Enterprise Management Comparison: Table 4
Feature Set
VMware ESX 3.5
Virtual Center (VCenter)
Windows 2008 Hyper-V
VMM 2008 Enterprise and Server Mgt Suite Enterprise (SMES)
Citrix XenServer 5.0
XenCenter
Resource Allocation/Control Yes
• Network Traffic Shaping • Storage I/O Priority • Memory Allocation • Storage Priority • CPU Priority Yes • Network Priority • CPU Priority • Storage Priority Yes • Network Priority • CPU Priority • Storage Priority
Resource Re-Distribution Yes
VMware Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS)
Migrate live VMs according to Host Server workload
Yes, on VM power-up Yes, VM on-power-up.
Custom Admin Roles/ Permissions Yes Yes Yes Audit Trails for Configuration
Management
Yes Yes Yes
Live Migration of VM disks Yes VMware Storage Motion No No VM Snapshots/Hot Backup
capability
Yes
Product Comparisons
Enterprise Management Comparison: Table 5
Feature Set
VMware ESX 3.5
Virtual Center (VCenter)
Windows 2008 Hyper-V
VMM 2008 Enterprise and Server Management Suite Enterprise (SMES)
Citrix XenServer 5.0
XenCenter
Stream Virtual Disks No No Yes
(Provisioning Server and XenApp) Provisioning Server allows you to create virtual disks (vDisks) that represent a computer hard drive, and then relocate that vDisk on an OS Provisioning Server, or on a storage device that has access to a
provisioning Server. Once the vDisk is available, the target device no longer needs its local hard drive to operate; it boots directly across the network. Provisioning Server streams the contents of the vDisk to the target device on demand, in real time, and the target device behaves as if it is running from its local drive.
Automated Disaster Recovery Site Tools
Yes (VMware Site Recovery Manager)
Additional Cost
no no
Current IT Challenges
Today’s Agenda
Rising IT costs and decreasing
operational efficiencies
Deployment
Virtualization Concepts
Hypervisor types, core virtualization
features, basic design
Deployment
Guest O/S support, software versions, and
deployment examples
Architecture and Components
VMware Infrastructure 3, Microsoft
Hyper-V, and Citrix XenServer 5
Management
Management software and feature
VMware Infrastructure 3
ESX Guest Operating System Support
Notes
Windows NT 4.0
Yes
Windows 2000
Yes
Windows 2003
Yes
Windows 2008
Yes
Solaris 10 x86 Platforms
Yes
Red Hat Linux 7.2, 7.3, 8.0, 9.0
Yes
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2.1, 3.0, 4.0 , 5.0
Yes
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 8, 9, 10
Yes
SUSE Linux 8.2, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3
Yes
Ubuntu Linux 7.04, 7.10, 8.04
Yes
FreeBSD 4.9, 4.10, 4.11
Yes
Netware 5.1, 6.0, 6.5
Yes
Sample VMware Deployment
ESX Server
Host 2
Datastores
Virtual
Active
Directory,
LDAP,
or local
SAM
Operator
VMware Software Versions
ESXI Free License VI Foundation VI Standard VI Enterprise Note ESX not available without VI With ESX or ESXi With ESX or ESXi With ESX or ESXi Core hypervisorfunctionality Yes Yes Yes Yes Virtual SMP Yes Yes Yes Yes
VMFS Yes Yes Yes Yes VirtualCenter
Agent
Yes Yes Yes Update Manager Yes Yes Yes
Consolidated Backup
Yes Yes Yes High Availability Yes Yes
Vmotion Yes Storage Vmotion Yes
DRS Yes
DPM Yes
Microsoft Windows 2008 and Hyper-V
Hyper-V Guest Operating System Support
Notes
Windows 2008 x86
Yes
Windows 2008 x64
Yes
Windows 2003 x86
Yes (Supports 1 or 2 virtual
processors in VM)
Windows 2003 x64
Yes (Supports 1 or 2 virtual
processors in VM)
Windows Server 2000
Yes (supports only 1 virtual
processor in VM)
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 x86 SP2 and x64 SP2
Yes
Windows Vista x86 SP1 and x64 SP1
Yes (Supports 1 or 2 virtual
processors in VM)
Windows XP Pro x86 SP3
Yes (Supports 1 or 2 virtual
processors in VM)
Windows XP Pro x64 SP2
Yes (Supports 1 or 2 virtual
Windows 2008 and Hyper-V Software
Hyper-V is an available feature in:
•
Win Server 2008 Standard x64 (1 OS Lic free)
•
Win Server 2008 Enterprise x64 (4 OS Lic free)
•
Win Server 2008 Datacenter x64 (Unlimited)
Hyper-V is a Server Core option in:
•
Windows Server 2008 Enterprise x64
•
Windows Server 2008 Datacenter x64
Clustering features (including Quick Migration) require
Windows Server 2008 Enterprise or Windows Server
2008 Datacenter x64 editions in the parent partition.
Citrix Xen Server 5.0
ESX Guest Operating System Support
Notes
Windows XP SP2/3
Yes
Windows Vista
Yes
Windows 2000 SP4
Yes
Windows 2003 (32 bit and 64 bit)
Yes
Windows 2008
Yes
Solaris 10 x86 Platforms
Yes
Red Hat Linux 7.2, 7.3, 8.0, 9.0
Yes
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.6, 4.5 , 4.6,4.7,5.0,5.1,5.2
Yes
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9 SP2/3/4, 10 SP1/2
Yes
Debian Sarge,Etch
Yes
CentOS 4.5,4.6,4.7, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2
Yes
Citrix Xen Server 5.0 Software Versions
Feature
Express
Standard
Enterprise
Platinum
Native 64-bit Xen hypervisor 9 9 9 9
Windows and Linux guests 9 9 9 9
XenAPI management and control scripting interface 9 9 9 9 XenCenter unified virtualization management console 9 9 9 9
Multi-server management 9 9 9
Subscription Advantage – first year included 9 9 9
Resource pools 9 9
XenMotion live migration 9 9
Shared IP-based storage 9 9
VLAN confirmation 9 9
Resource QoS controls 9 9
Dynamic provisioning of virtual and physical servers 9
Administrative model Single Server Multi Servers Multi Servers,Pools Multi servers, pools
Physical memory 1GB – 4GB 1GB – 128GB 1GB – 128GB 1GB – 128GB
CPU sockets 2 2 Unlimited* Unlimited*
Guests active simultaneously 4 Unlimited* Unlimited* Unlimited* RAM per virtual machine 4GB 32GB 32GB 32GB
The Bottom
Line
VMware
•
Mature, proven offering
•
Advanced feature sets
•
Guest OS flexibility
•
SRM and VCB
•
Advanced features require training
•
DR features require optional S/W
Hyper-V
•
Free with Microsoft Server 2008
•
Free Guest OS licenses
•
Integrates w/ MS Server Mgt Suite
•
New product
•
Strict H/W requirements
•
Dependency on Windows Server
2008 OS and services
XenServer
•
XenMotion
•
Integration with Citrix Provisioning
Server
•
Distributed Cluster Management
•
Guest support for Win and Linux
•
New product
•
Strict H/W requiremnts
•
Dependency on Linux OS and
services
PROs
Virtual Environment Assessment
{
Agent-less Data Collection
{Up to 25 Servers
{
Identifies Server Consolidation
Opportunities
●
Capacity Planning Inventory
●Capacity Planning Utilization
●Capacity Planning Correlation
●Capacity Planning Optimization
{