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Bodur İş Merkezi No:8/38 34752 İçerenköy / İSTANBUL Phone: 0216 469 39 34 Fax: 0216 572 72 85
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Country
Formal Name: Republic of Turkey
Short Form: Turkey
Term for Citizens: Turk(s)
Capital: Ankara Capital: Ankara
Area Total: 780,580 sq.km
land: 770,670 sq km
water: 9,820 sq km
Borders
Land Boundaries: 2627 km
Border countries: Syria(822 km), Iran (499 km), Iraq(331 km), Greece(206 km),Georgia(252 km), Bulgaria(240 km), Azerbaijan(9 km), Armenia(268 km)
Coastline: 7200 km
Black Sea in the north,
The Mediterranean in the south and
The Aegean Sea in the west
Turkey with Border Countries
Terrain
Mostly mountains, narrow coastal plain, high central plateau (Anatolia)
Turkey is a land of mountains, streams, lakes, green plains and thick forests.
Climate
Periphery of Turkey has Mediterranean climate with cool, rainy winters and hot, moderately dry summers.
Interior, shielded from Mediterranean influences by mountains, has continental climate with cold winters and dry, hot summers.
Eastern mountainous area has inhospitable climate, with hot, extremely dry summers and bitter winters.
Rainfall varies, ranging from annual average of more than 2,500 millimeters on eastern Black Sea coast to less than 250 millimeters in central plateau area.
Natural Resources Antimony Coal Chromium Mercury Copper Borate Sulfur Iron Ore Hydropower Arable land
İstanbul : City at the Crossroads
Population: 11 million
Population
2007 estimate 71,158,647 (17th )
2000 census 67,803,927 Density 93/km² (102nd )
0-14 years : 24.9% (male 9,034,731/female 8,703,624)
15-64 years : 68.1% (male 24,627,270/female 23,857,507)
65 years and over: 6.9% (male 2,253,383/female 2,682,132) (2007 est.)
Population Estimates and Projections
Current and Projected Population by Age and Sex(in thousands)
Population Growth ( 0 0 0 ) 1975 1980 1985 1990 1997 2001 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 P o p u la ti o n 40,020 44,430 50,300 56,210 63,980 68,610 70,560 71,610 72.610 70,586 71.517 72.561 corbis.com
Working Age Population
The share of working age population in the overall population in Turkey has started to increase significantly. This stands out as a very critical advantage when compared to the demographic trends of Europe.
This ratio is at a decreasing trend for the EU countries, while it’s rising in Turkey. Ratios of both EU and Turkey will be equal in 2010, and then Turkey will overtake Europe.
Sectoral Distribution of Employment
Turkey’s total population = 72 million
Agriculture (33 %) = 23 million Services (43 %) = 30 million
Agriculture
33%
Industry
Services (43 %) = 30 million Industry (24 %) = 17 millionServices
43%
Industry
24%
SES Estimates and Projections 2002 2005 2010 A 2,019,000 3,136,500 4,404,000 B 4,711,000 6,273,000 8,074,000 C1 10,768,000 11,849,000 13,946,000 C2 20,190,000 22,304,000 23,488,000 DE 29,612,000 26,137,500 23,488,000
Religion
Muslims: 99.8%(mostly Sunni) Other: 0.2% (Christian and jews)
Languages
Turkish is the official language.
Almost all educated Turks have command of a foreign language.
English is the dominant language for
Turkish (official) - 82% Kurdish - 17% Arabic Turkish (official) - 82% Kurdish - 17% Arabic English is the dominant language for
international business.
German and French also spoken.
Armenian Greek Armenian Greek
Education(%)
0,1
0,3
5,7
2,8
12,7
Doctorate Post Graduate12,7
26,5
51,9
Post Graduate Graduate Vocational&Technical SchoolJunior High School
High School
Primary&Pre School
Government
Founder: Mustafa Kemal ATATÜRK
Capital: Ankara
Government type: Democratic Secular Republic
President: Abdullah Gül (August 2007)
Prime Minister: Recep Tayyip ERDOĞAN (November 2002)
Minister of Foreign Affairs: Ahmet Davutoğlu
Government
Administrative divisions: 81 provinces Independence: 29 October 1923
Suffrage: 18 years of age
Legislative branch: Grand National Assembly of Turkey(TBMM) Judical Branch: Constitutional Court, Court of Appeals
Parliament (Turkish Grand National Assembly)
The Turkish Grand National Assembly (TGNA ) is a one-chamber parliament composed of 550 deputies. Elections are based on proportional representation subject to a national threshold of 10%.
Elections take place every 5 years. The TGNA, as well as the President, can decide to hold new elections before the period of time is completed. Only if 5% of the total number of seats are vacated (death, resignation, etc.) an intermediary election is held.
MPs are elected by party list, drawn up by absolute discretionary power of party leaders. Once elected, they gain access to immunity from prosecution, unless TGNA lifts immunity. Once elected, they gain access to immunity from prosecution, unless TGNA lifts immunity. After two years as MP, they get lifelong privileges.
The TGNA works in the form of commissions which prepare legislation etc.
The TGNA legislates, supervises the Council of Ministers, adopts the budget. It decides on declaring war, martial law or emergency rule; it approves international agreements, general or special amnesties.
The laws passed by the TGNA are promulgated by the President within 15 days. The President may refer the law back to the Assembly for reconsideration.
Distribution of the Seats in the Parliament
Name Number of Seats
AKP 337 CHP 97 MHP 69 BDP 20 BDP 20 Independent 11 DSP 8 DP 1 TP 1 Total 544
Military
Military branches: Turkish Armed Forces (TSK): Land Forces, Naval Forces Command (includes Naval Air and Naval Infantry), Air Force, Coast Guard Command,
Gendarmerie (Jandarma)
Military age: 20 years of age
Military manpower availability : 20,213,205 (males age 16-49)
Military expenditures - dollar figure: $12.15 billion (2003) Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 5.3% (2005)
List of Countries by GDP
Rank Country GDP (PPP) $m
— World 66,228,669
— European Union 13,881,051
1 United States 13,020,861
2 People's Republic of China 9,984,062
3 Japan 4,170,533 4 India 4,158,922 5 Germany 2,558,908 6 United Kingdom 2,121,766 7 France 1,934,677 8 Italy 1,790,895 9 Russia 1,727,349 10 Brazil 1,701,183 18 Turkey 660,837
Main Economic Indicators 2007 2008 GDP (billion $ / in current prices) 656.6 741.8 GDP Growth Rate (%) 4.5 1.1
GDP per Capita (Nom.$)
9,333 10,436
FDI Inflow (billion $)
19.1 14.4
FDI Outflow (billion $)
-743 -35 Unemployment (%) 9.9 10.3 Consumer Price Inflation (%) 8.61 10.54 Export (billion $) 107.2 132.0 Import (billion $) 170.0 201.8
External Debt (billion $)
247.1 284.4
Economic Indicators Forecast 2009 2010 GDP (billion $ / nominal) 657.626 752.996 GDP Growth Rate (%) 0.4 1.9 GDP per Capita ($) 13,174 13,446 Export (billion $) 116.860 122.764 Import (billion $) 151.811 161.265
GNP: Gross National Product 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 GNP growth rate 3.9 -6.1 6.3 -9.5 7.9 -5.9 9.9 7.6 6.0 GNP per capita($) 3,255 2,879 2.965 2,123 2,589 3,383 4,172 5,008 5,477
GNP by Sectors % 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2009 Agriculture 15.1 14.0 12.2 11.7 11.8 11.3 10.3 9.2 8.5 Agriculture 15.1 14.0 12.2 11.7 11.8 11.3 10.3 9.2 8.5 Industry 23.0 23.1 26.0 25.5 24.9 25.0 25.4 25.6 28.6 Trade 18.8 19.8 21.2 20.3 20.0 20.7 20.5 20.4
GDP Growth Rate
Price Targets and Projections
2004 2005 2006 2007
CPI(1) 10.0 8.0 5.0 4.0
GDP Deflator(2) 8.2 7.9 6.4 4.4
(1) Although the end year target is 12 per cent, realization projection is 10 per cent. Figure given for 2005 is year-end target and figures given for other years are the year-end projections.
(2) Projections for average annual increase rate.
Source: State Planning Organization
Inflation Rate
Banking
Mergers and acquisitions Focusing on retail banking Investment banking potential Joint ventures
Distribution of Total Assets by Groups (percentage)
State-Owned banks Private banks
Foreign banks Foreign banks
Develop and invest. Banks
Participation banks
Turkey and EU
In December 1999, Turkey became the European Union’s
(EU) first candidate for full membership with a predominantly Muslim population.
For the first time, Turkey participated as a full member candidate at the EU summit in Nice in December 2000.
Turkey’s EU candidacy will pave the way for a series of additional changes, economic and political as Turkey strives to align its economy and laws with those of the EU
to align its economy and laws with those of the EU
34 Articles of The Turkish Constitution have been amended and many of these ammendents actually coincide with the provisions of our National Program.
A mid-2006 Eurobarometer survey revealed that 43% of Turkish citizens view the EU positively; just 35% trust the EU, 45% support enlargement and just 29% support an EU constitution
In the summit of 16-17 December 2004 the EU leaders decided to launch the accession negotiations with Turkey on 03 October 2005
2005, October - Opening of six chapters of the Acquis: Right of Establishment & Freedom to provide Services, Company Law, Financial Services, Information Society & Media, Statistics and Financial Control
The Milestones of Turkey’s Integration with Europe
1949: Membership to the Council of Europe
1952: Membership to NATO
1963: Associate membership to the EEC
1987: Application for full membership to the EC
1995: Customs Union with the EU
1999. Recognition as Candidate for EU accession
Laeken Summit held in December 2001 had important implications for the membership process of Turkey.
At the Copenhagen Summit held on December 12, 2002, EU submitted December
2004 as a conditional date for Turkey to begin accession negotiations.
In the summit of 16-17 December 2004 the EU leaders decided to launch the accession negotiations with Turkey on 03 October 2005
Main Industries
Textiles
Food processing Autos
Mining (coal, chromite, copper, boron) Mining (coal, chromite, copper, boron) Steel
Petroleum Construction Lumber
Main Agriculture Products Tobacco Cotton Grain Olives Sugar beets Pulse Citrus Livestock
Exports- Commodities&Partners
Apparel
Foodstuffs
Textiles
metal manufactures
Germany 11.4%,
UK 8%
Italy 7.9%
Germany 11.4%,
UK 8%
Italy 7.9%
metal manufactures
transport equipment
US 5.9%
France 5.4%
Spain 4.3%
US 5.9%
France 5.4%
Spain 4.3%
Imports- Commodities&Partners
Machinery
Chemicals
Semi-finished goods
Russia 12.7%
Germany 10.6%
China 7%
Italy 6.3%
Russia 12.7%
Germany 10.6%
China 7%
Italy 6.3%
Fuels
Transport equipment
Italy 6.3%
France 4.8%
US 4.3%
Iran 4.1%
Italy 6.3%
France 4.8%
US 4.3%
Iran 4.1%
İstanbul Stock Exchange
ISE was established on December 26,
1985
Only stock exchange in Turkey
Not-for-profit government organisation
Not-for-profit government organisation
National market traded value is 86,6 billion US$
Number of companies traded on ISE is 297.
Export Amount by Year 80000 90000 100000 110000 120000 130000 140000 150000 Toplam 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2007 Toplam 2910 5746 7134 7457 11662 12959 14715 18106 23224 26974 27774 36059 63167 85479 101000 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000
Export - Import Comparison 80000 90000 100000 110000 120000 130000 140000 150000 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2007 Sum of Export 2910 5746 7134 7457 11662 12959 14715 18106 23224 26974 27774 36059 63167 85479 101000 Sum of Import 7909 9235 10757 11105 14335 22302 22871 23270 43627 45921 54503 51554 97540 138290 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000
Consumption by Region
Marmara (%) Ege (%) Anatolia (%)
Food 42 21 18
Household 41 22 15
Personal Care 43 20 17
Paper 44 19 17
55
Consumption
Consumption Type Ratio of Income (%) Average Cost (YTL)
2004 2005 2004 2005 Icrease (%)
Food 26.4 24.9 235 271 15.5
Alcohol and Cigarettes 4.3 4.1 38 45 17.4
Clothes-Shoes 6.5 6.2 58 68 16.8
Housing and Renting 27 25.9 240 283 17.8
House Furniture 6.6 6.8 59 74 25.5
Source: Turkey Statistical Institute
House Furniture 6.6 6.8 59 74 25.5
Health 2.2 2.2 20 24 22.6
Transportation 9.5 12.6 84 138 63.4
Telecomunication 4.5 4.3 40 47 18.3
Culture and Entertainment 2.5 2.5 22 28 26.7
Education Services 2.1 1.9 19 20 10
Otel, Restaurant and Caffes 4.5 4.4 40 48 19.8
Other goods and services 3.9 4.1 35 45 29.5
Distribution Channels in Turkey
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 HYPER, CHAIN AND
SUPERSTORES 2,979 3,640 4,005 4,242 4,809 5,545 6,474 7,221 Hypermarket >2500 m2 129 149 151 143 152 160 164 178 Big Sized Supermarket 1000-2500 m2 306 357 368 367 396 454 504 568 1000-2500 m2 Supermarket 400-1000 m2 726 835 909 968 1,082 1,258 1,567 1,712 Small Sized Supermarket <400 m2 1,818 2,299 2,577 2,764 3,179 3,673 4,239 4,763 Medium Sized Supermarket 50-100 m2 13,232 13,210 13,555 14,537 15,197 15,076 14,775 14,875 Grocery <50 m2 136,763 128,580 122,342 124,283 122,781 120,397 116,857 115,221 TOTAL OF MARKETS 152,974 145,430 139,902 143,062 142,787 141,018 138,106 137,317
Consumption
Approximately 25% of the consumers are in İstanbul, İzmir and Ankara Marmara Region has almost half of the purchasing power of Turkey
Technology Usage Year Subscribers 1995 437,100 1996 806,300 1997 1,610,000 1998 3,506,100 1999 8,122,000 2000 16,133,000
Mobile subscribers 1995-2007 Internet Users 1996-2005
Year Users 1996 120,000 1997 300,000 1998 450,000 1999 1,500,000 2000 2,500,000 2000 16,133,000 2001 20,019,000 2002 24,937,300 2003 29,018,801 2004 34,118,000 2005 45,140,000 2006 51,659,000 2007(e) 60,000,000
Source: BuddeComm based on ITU, Global Mobile and company data
2000 2,500,000 2001 3,200,000 2002 4,300,000 2003 6,000,000 2004 10,220,000 2005 16,000,000
MEDIA
Turkey Media Billings 900 950 930 924 1.058 879 1.308 1.665 1.901 1.024 238.765 297.324 200.000 250.000 300.000 350.000 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Rate Card - Million USD Estimated Nets – Million USD
900 550 715 879 3.724 5.302 6.432 5.554 7.500 6.190 7.145 9.118 18.691 57.249 0 50.000 100.000 150.000 0 200 400 600 800 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Jan-Jun Estimated Nets Rate card
Source for Rate Card Prices : Bileşim (TV+Print)
Source for Estimated Nets : Turkish Association of Advertising Agencies
TV alltime TV peak Newspaper mono Mags colour Radio alltime Radio peak Cinema Outdoor small Outdoor large Germany 100 132 95 74 25 38 506 2,959 4,520 UK 100 130 30 71 34 39 632 3,590 4,437 France 100 121 151 53 43 56 910 2,466 14,903 Italy 100 119 255 144 45 49 661 4,276 9,401 Spain 100 77 67 75 69 65 563 3,977 3,395 Netherlands 100 104 86 47 19 19 455 2,020 10,901
Adults CPM indexed on TV all time cost
Denmark 100 110 26 53 5 N/A 402 1,966 2,796 Belgium 100 119 81 42 27 28 294 1,306 3,280 Greece 100 103 104 212 13 50 3,076 7,052 2,689 Russia 100 108 131 302 122 111 5,648 19,146 33,859 Poland 100 120 65 149 42 41 1,834 9,252 12,336 Turkey 100 138 359 1.168 15 N/A 4.700 4.500 21.000 Croatia 100 460 590 477 4 5 N/A 20,874 27,601 USA 100 113 276 76 29 36 256 11,870 5,135 Australia 100 168 50 146 88 62 3,415 13,768 44,995 Japan 100 62 35 63 128 64 157 4,610 N/A China 100 54 1,314 240 7 N/A 4,038 1,944 2,436
Top Advertisers 2006 (Jan-Dec)
ADVERTISER $ (list price)
ULKER 16.150.066.626 P&G 15.340.302.053 UNILEVER 8.726.929.883 COCA-COLA CORP. 6.306.187.966 ARCELIK 5.340.523.020 BENCKISER 5.121.214.656
PRODUCT $ (list price)
COCA-COLA 3.299.786.426 HEAD&SHOULDERS SHAMPOO 2.402.537.880 COLA TURKA 1.554.315.134 ISTIKBAL PRODUCTS 1.481.810.549 YAPI KREDI BANK WORLD CARD 1.310.891.270 PEPSI 1.267.502.576 ULKER KALBIM BENECOL 1.243.599.791
Source : Bileşim Press+TV+Outdoor+Cinema Expenditures
DANONE 3.731.550.753 NESTLE 3.610.085.862 VESTEL 3.225.485.403 HAYAT CHEMICALS 3.212.297.502 TURKCELL 3.182.349.035 FRITO-LAY 3.069.012.476 ETI 2.982.929.645 ISTIKBAL 2.856.663.828 YAPI KREDI BANK 2.550.280.972 ULKER KALBIM BENECOL 1.243.599.791
KILIM FURNITURE 1.231.000.538 MILLIYET NEWSPAPER 1.172.922.216 IS BANK MAXIMUM CARD 1.157.582.004 BELLONA PRODUCTS 1.134.758.225 BLENDAX AQUA SHAMPOO 1.085.807.685 ARIEL AUTOMAT DETERGENT 1.080.585.916 TURKIYE FINANS KATILIM BANKASI 1.019.701.454
Television Measurement
Research Company : AGB Nielsen Media Research
Methodology :People meter system, based on minute ratings. Digital TV measurement has started in 2005.
Sample Structure : Total of 2.500 households. Represents 56,2 million people age 5 and above.
Coverage : 34 cities, 31 provinces Frequency of data : Daily
Content : All viewership data
Channel Profile
Generalist: ATV, Kanal D, Show TV, Star, FOX, Samanyolu TV, Kanal 7, Flash TV, TV8, Kanal 1, Cine 5
News/Economy : NTV, CNBC-E, CNN Turk, Haber Turk, SkyTurk, Kanalturk, TGRT Haber, 24 TV, Haber 7, STVHaber,
Music : Number 1, Kral, Dream TV, MMC, Powerturk TV Digital : Digiturk, D-Smart
State: TRT 1, TRT 2, TRT 3, TRT 4, TRT Int
Regional: Doğu TV, Karadeniz TV, Ege TV, Kanal A, Kanal 5, Kon TV, Kordon TV,
Marmara TV, Ege Mesaj, KadırgaTV, Kaçkar TV, Showroom TV, Selam TV, Kanal Türk, Vizyon TV, Olay TV
Media Consumption 33 19 7 6 2 Newspaper Internet Cinema Monthly Magazines Weekly Magazines Reach % 84 54 44 0 20 40 60 80 100 TV Outdoor Radio
Source: AGB Nielsen Media Research/TGI Turkey Spring 2007 TV, radio, newspaper : daily reach
Cinema : monthly reach Internet : weekly reach
Target : Total Individuals (15+) Period : Sep 2004-Aug 2005
Average time spent viewing TV (ATS) for total individuals is 307 minutes a day*
*Source: AGB Nielsen Media Research *Target : Total Individuals (5+)
Research Company : KMG Research Methodology : Diary method
Sample Structure : Total of 12.900 panel members. Represents 23.5 million people age 12 and above.
Radio Measurement
Coverage : 24 cities
Frequency of data : Quarterly
Content : All radio listeningship data
Station Profile
Top 10 most listened to radio stations broadcasting Turkish music are : Kral FM, Süper FM, Power Türk, Alem FM, Slow Turk, Radyo D, Istanbul FM, Best FM, TRT FM, Radyo Tatlıses.
Top 10 most listened to radio stations broadcasting foreign music are : Metro FM, Power FM, Number One FM, Joy Fm, Radyo Mydonose, Radyo 5, Capital Radio, Radyo Dokuz FM, Number One FM, Joy Fm, Radyo Mydonose, Radyo 5, Capital Radio, Radyo Dokuz Eylül, Radyo ODTU, Radyo Nostalji.
Source: KMG Research;Turkish Radio Audience Survey 2006/Quarter 4 Target Group : Total individuals (12+)
Press Measurement
Turkish National Readership Survey
Research Company : TNS Piar
Methodology : Face-to-face interviews
Sample Structure : 48,000 interviews per year Represents 47,3 million people
age 15 and above.
Coverage : 26 cities, 24 provinces
Frequency of data : Quarterly
Content : Readership profiles and reach figures of daily newspapers with
circulation 10,000+, newspaper supplements, weekly and monthly magazines with circulation 5,000+
Newspapers Average Daily Circulations 2006 * Daily Reach ** POSTA 639,494 2,689,000 HÜRRİYET 551,898 1,884,000 SABAH 453,715 1,842,000 ZAMAN 566,285 1,425,000 FANATİK 242,548 1,301,000 MİLLİYET 285,938 1,059,000 AKŞAM 217,086 981,000 TAKVİM 268,509 842,000 FOTOMAÇ 240,789 829,000
*Source: Yay-Sat/BBD Period : Jan-Dec 2006
**Source :Turkish National Readership Survey Wave 8-11 / 2006 – Dec. ’05 – Nov. ‘06
TÜRKİYE 213,154 570,000 VATAN 208,004 567,000 GÜNEŞ 127,671 388,360 CUMHURİYET 66,171 313,000 YENİ ASIR 48,194 309,000 RADİKAL 37,224 270,000 YENİ ŞAFAK 108,550 242,000 FOTOSPOR 93,286 210,140 BUGÜN 80,638 186,000 ŞOK 58,815 89,110 OTHERS 521,221 n.a.
Title Profile
General News: Posta, Hürriyet, Sabah, Zaman, Milliyet, Akşam, Takvim, Türkiye, Vatan, Güneş, Cumhuriyet, Radikal, Star, Yeni Şafak, Bugün, Şok
Economy: Dünya, Referans
Sport: Fanatik, Fotomaç, Efsane Fotospor Regional : Yeni Asır
Magazine Summary
Main magazine groups: Doğan Egmond, Doğuş Group, GD, Merkez Group, Nova Medya, Türk Medya, Vatan Group, Vogel.
Outdoor Summary
Outdoor has been a fast growing medium in Turkey with new approaches (mega posters, 3D posters, renovated bus stops & billboards, home boards, bus coverings)
The major contractors are : Ströer Kentvizyon, Era, Clear Channel, Wall, News Outdoor, Media Pano
Due to extreme demand, early reservations are a must
AÇIAK - Technical committee for outdoor measurement has been formed to launch an outdoor research
Cinema Measurement
TGI Turkey provides the following topics on cinema : audience profile
frequency recency
type of movie preferred origin of movie preferred origin of movie preferred
Fida Film provides ad-hoc cinema viewers profile surveys
Number of tickets sold in cinema is measured through box office receipts by Warner Bros.
Regions
Aegean
Black Sea
Marmara
Eastern
Anatolia
Aegean
Mediterranean
Central Anatolia
Southeastern
Anatolia
Anatolia
Sightseeing
İstanbul(the biggest city) Ankara (the capital)
İzmir (typically Aegean)
Aegean coast (Çeşme, Foça, Bodrum, Marmaris,Efes,..) Mediterreanian coast (Antalya, Alanya, Fethiye,..)
Safranbolu in Black Sea
Activities Yachting Mountaineering Underwater diving Golf Conventional Facilities Hot Springs&Spas
Transportation
Railways: 8671 km
Highways: 426,906 km Waterways: 1200 km
Ports and harbors: Gemlik, Hopa, İskenderun, İstanbul, İzmir, Kocaeli, İçel, Samsun, Trabzon
Trabzon Airports: 117 Heliports: 18
Holidays
National Public Holidays:
January 1: New Year's Day.
April 23: National Sovereignty and Children's Day
May 19: Ataturk Commemoration and Youth and Sports Day
August 30: Victory Day August 30: Victory Day October 29: Republic Day
Religious Public Holidays:
Kurban Bayram (Eid al Adha)
Ramazan Bayram or Seker Bayram (Eid al Fitr)
Working Hours Government Offices Monday-Friday (8:30-12:30) , (13:30-17:30) Saturday-Sunday (closed) Banks Monday-Friday (8:30-12-00) , (13:30-17:00) Saturday-Sunday (closed) Shops Shops Monday-Saturday (9:30-13:00) , (14:00-19:00) Sunday (closed)
İstanbul Covered Market
Monday-Saturday (8:00-19:00) Sunday (closed)
