Bu testte 80 soru vardır.
Cevaplama süresi 180 dakikadır.
Cevaplamaya istedi iniz sorudan ba layabilirsiniz.
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1-21. Sorularda bo bırakılan yere uygun dü en ifadeyi bulunuz.
1. For the chemists of the 18th and 19th centuries, an understanding of the chemical nature of food was a major ____ . A) objective B) agreement C) submission D) significance E) estimation
2. The green button on the far left of the machine ____ the volume.
A) interferes B) discloses C) regulates D) allows E) arises
3. You should have attended that lecture on durability testing of fibres; it really was most ____ . A) irrelevant B) stimulating C) dull D) reluctant E) feasible
4. His forecast turned out to be ____ accurate considering how little information he had to work on. A) lately
B) effortlessly C) intentionally D) surprisingly E) heavily
5. The new engineer is highly knowledgeable, but can we ____ him to lead the team successfully? A) run on B) put on C) make off D) take up E) rely on
6. Many of the lesser developed countries find it hard to ____ the more developed ones, due to the rapid advances in technology there. A) make up for
B) keep up with C) look out for D) turn upon E) run through
7. Many experiments ____ blood composition are carried out in this laboratory.
A) related to B) led from
C) followed through D) contained in E) denied by
8. This is not a new theory; quite a lot of scientists ____ on it for several decades. A) would have worked
B) had worked C) have been working D) would work E) have to work
ÜDS-1
FEN B L MLER
Bu testte cevaplayaca ınız soru sayısı 80’dir. Önerilen cevaplama süresi 180 dakikadır.
9. If the equipment ____ us on time, we ____ the bridge by now.
A) would have reached / could complete B) reached / had completed
C) reaches / will have completed D) will reach / can complete
E) had reached / could have completed
10. Unfortunately there was an electricity cut just as we ____ the new computer. A) are installing
B) would install C) have installed D) were installing E) will install
11. It is recommended that you wear a helmet in this part of the plant, but it's up to you; you ____ . A) have got to B) will have to C) shouldn't have D) need to E) don't have to
12. ____ a piece of metal is denser than water, it sinks in water.
A) Because of B) While C) Since D) Despite E) Therefore
13. ____ he was aware of the dangers of this kind of research, he still continued with the project.
A) If
B) Even though C) So that D) Whereas E) However
14. ____ the semester is over, Dr. Baines will supervise the sinking of the shaft as it seems likely that they'll strike oil. A) In order that
B) As a result C) If only D) Once E) In case
15. It took him several months to set ____ the experiment, but results are beginning to come ____ now. A) up / in
B) off / over C) in / up D) over / out E) back / through
16. Obviously, during the second World War, many scientists were involved ____ the development of new weapons. A) by
B) in C) at D) through E) about
17. An honorary degree will be conferred upon the physicist ____ contributions to energy studies have proved the most beneficial. A) which B) who C) whose D) that E) whom
18. Is that the professor ____ received the Nobel Prize in chemistry?
A) whom B) whose C) where D) which E) who
19. Diary farming has received a lot of coverage in the media lately, ____ on account of the dry season ____ because of the radiation scare.
A) both / more than B) more / even so C) only / also D) not only / but also E) such / as well as
20. Thanks to improvements in car design, ____ of the power produced is wasted in friction ____ was formerly the case. A) far less / than
B) as much / as C) a little / than D) little / than E) more / as
21. As regards the decision to modernize the mines in the region, here is a report which contains ____ relevant
information. A) another B) any C) many D) a E) some
22. Robert Boyle, who was a leading English scientist in the seventeenth century, had a great influence on the development of science in Europe. A) Ünlü ngiliz bilim adamı Robert Boyle, on
yedinci yüzyılda Avrupa'da bilimsel ara tırmaların ba lamasına önemli katkıda bulunmu tur.
B) On yedinci yüzyılda önde gelen bir ngiliz bilim adamı olan Robert Boyle'un Avrupa'da bilimin geli mesinde büyük bir etkisi olmu tur.
C) On yedinci yüzyıl ngiltere'sinin en ünlü bilim adamı olan Robert Boyle, Avrupa'daki bilimsel ara tırmalar üzerinde çok etkili olmu tur.
D) Avrupa'daki bilimsel çalı malara katkıları olan Robert Boyle, on yedinci yüzyılda
ngiltere'de çok ünlü bir bilim adamıydı. E) Avrupa'da bilimin geli mesine katkıda
bulunan on yedinci yüzyılın önde gelen ngiliz bilim adamlarından biri de Robert Boyle'du.
23. One reason why supercomputers can achieve such high speeds is that they can do several calculations
simultaneously.
A) Süper bilgisayarların bu kadar yüksek hıza ula abilmelerinin bir nedeni, birkaç i lemi aynı anda yapabilmeleridir.
B) Süper bilgisayarların bu kadar çok i lemi kısa sürede yapmalarının bir nedeni, çok hızlı çalı malarıdır.
C) Aynı anda birkaç i lem yapabilmeleri için süper bilgisayarın çok yüksek bir hızla çalı maları sa lanmı tır.
D) Süper bilgisayarların çok tercih edilmesinin bir nedeni, çok farklı i lemleri aynı anda yapma özelli ine sahip olmalarıdır. E) Bu kadar yüksek bir hızla süper bilgisayar
üretilmesinin nedenlerinden biri, aynı anda yapılabilen i lemlerin artmı olmasıdır.
24. Crop yields per acre are declining in some parts of the world because of air pollution as well as the build-up of salt and other chemicals.
A) Hava kirlili i sonucu dünyanın bazı bölgelerinde tuz va kimyasal madde oranının artması, ekinde dönüm ba ına verimi azaltıyor.
B) Dünyanın bazı bölgelerinde ekinlerde görülen bozulmanın yanı sıra tuz ve kimyasal madde birikimi de hava kirlili ine ba lanıyor.
C) Dünyanın bazı bölgelerindeki hava kirlili i, ekin çe itlerinde azalma yanında, tuz ve kimyasal madde birikimine yol açıyor. D) Dünyanın bazı bölgelerinde verimli tarım
alanlarının azalmasının nedeni, havadaki kirlenmeyle birlikte tuz ve kimyasal madde oranının artmasıdır.
E) Hava kirlili inin yanı sıra, tuz ve di er kimyasal maddelerin birikimi yüzünden, dünyanın bazı bölgelerinde dönüm ba ına ürün verimi dü üyor.
22-26 sorularda, verilen ngilizce cümlenin Türkçe dengini bulunuz.
25. Plutonium is also produced in all nuclear reactors fuelled by uranium, including those built for generating electric power.
A) Yakıt olarak uranyum kullanılan nükleer reaktörlerde elektrik enerjisinin yanı sıra plütonyum da üretilir.
B) Elektrik enerjisi üretmek için kurulan reaktörler arasında yakıt olarak uranyum kullanılanlarda plütonyum üretimi de yapılır. C) Elektrik enerjisi üretmek amacıyla
kurulanlar da dahil, plütonyum üreten tüm nükleer reaktörlerde yakıt olarak uranyum da kullanılır.
D) Elektrik enerjisi elde etmek amacıyla kurulmu olanlar da dahil, yakıt olarak uranyum kullanılan tüm nükleer reaktörlerde plütonyum da üretilir. E) Yakıt olarak uranyum kullanılanlar dahil,
elektrik üretmek için kurulmu nükleer reaktörlerde plütonyum da üretilir.
26. The geometry of the straight line and the circle goes back to the ancient
Egyptians and Babylonians, but it was only with the ancient Greeks that geometry was developed as a logically organised field of study.
A) Do ru ve çember geometrisi eski Mısırlılara ve Babillilere kadar gider, fakat geometrinin mantıkla birlikte ele alınması eski
Yunanlılarda olmu tur.
B) Eski Mısırlılar ve Babilliler zamanında ba layan do ru ve çember geometrisi, eski Yunanlılar tarafından geli tirilerek mantık gibi düzenli bir çalı ma alanı haline gelmi tir.
C) Do ru ve çember geometrisi eski Mısırlılara ve Babillilere kadar uzanır, fakat
geometrinin mantıksal biçimde düzenlenmi bir çalı ma lanı olarak geli mesi ancak eski Yunanlılarla olmu tur. D) Do ru ve çember geometrisi eski Mısırlılar
ve Babilliler'den çok eski Yunanlılar tarafından mantıksal bir çalı ma alanı olarak düzenlenmi tir.
E) Eski Mısırlılar ve Babilliler do ru ve çember geometrisinde oldukça geriydiler, ancak eski yunanlılar bunu mantıksal bir çalı ma alanı olarak düzenlemi ve geli tirmi lerdir.
27-31 sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümlenin ngilizce dengini bulunuz. 27. Joseph Henry, tıpkı manyetik bir alanda
bir çarkın dönmesinin elektrik
üretebilece i gibi, elektri in de bir çarkı döndürebilece ini gösterdi.
A) Joseph Henry discovered that, in the presence of a magnetic field, electricity can both be generated by turning wheels and cause wheels to turn.
B) Joseph Henry showed that, in the presence of a magnetic field, just as the turning a wheel can generate electricity, so electricity can turn a wheel.
C) Joseph Henry discovered that, in the presence of a magnetic field, electricity could both turn wheels and be generated by the turning of these wheels.
D) Joseph Henry proved that the electricity produced by a turning wheel in the presence of a magnetic field could be immediately used to turn the wheel. E) Joseph Henry showed that, in the presence
of a magnetic field, electricity is generated by turning a wheel and at the same time causes the wheel to turn.
28. zafiyet kuramının ortaya koydu u bir di er önemli gerçek, kütlenin enerjiye dönü ebilmesidir.
A) The relativity theory is mainly concerned with the conversion of mass into energy. B) More important is the fact that the relativity
theory relates speed to energy.
C) According to the relativity theory, there is a close relationship between speed, mass and energy.
D) One other important fact demonstrated by the relativity theory is that mass can be converted into energy.
E) Until the discovery of the relativity theory, little was known about mass and energy.
29. Yerkürenin iç yapısı, depremlerin veya büyük patlamaların neden oldu u ok dalgalar kullanılarak ara tırılabilir. A) The internal structure of the earth can be
investigated using shock waves caused by earthquakes or large explosions.
B) Shock waves which cause earthquakes and various massive explosions can be used to investigate the internal structure of the earth.
C) Our knowledge of the internal structure of the earth derives from the investigation of shock waves caused by earthquakes and explosions.
D) Earthquakes and large-scale explosions produce shock wave which, in turn, give us information concerning the internal
structure of the earth.
E) The shock waves that accompany earthquakes and violent explosions increase the problems of examining the internal structure of the earth.
30. Uzun vadede, do al afetlerin hiçbiri ülke için orman yangınları kadar zararlı de ildir.
A) It is a long time since any natural disaster has caused so much harm as this forest fire.
B) In the future no natural disaster will prove as harmful as a forest fire.
C) From time to time forest fires are more harmful to the country than other natural disasters.
D) It took a long time for the country to recover from the harmful effects of forest fires and other natural disasters.
E) In the long run, none of the natural disasters are as harmful to a country as forest fires.
31. Galaksinin bir ba ka önemli özelli i de zayıf fakat son derece yaygın bir manyetik alana sahip olmasıdır. A) The galaxy is also important because its
wide magnetic field is very strong. B) Another important feature of the galaxy is
that it has a weak but enormously extensive magnetic field.
C) The other important fact about the galaxy is that its magnetic field is actually very weak. D) Another special feature of the galaxy is the
fact that its magnetic field is very weak. E) Another important feature of the magnetic
field of the galaxy is that, though weak, it is extremely extensive.
32-41 sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun ekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz. 32. If energy could be produced efficiently
by clean methods, ____ .
A) oil prices were expected to rise again B) the production of food had to be reduced C) these would naturally be preferred D) most governments would have invested in
them
E) a lot of firms might have been expected to contribute generously
33. They consulted several geologists ____ .
A) why the coal miners are in Zonguldak B) before they began constructing the dam C) if they are employed by North Sea Oil D) that new oil fields will have to be opened E) unless the region turned out to be on
earthquake zone
34. ____ , the annual rainfall has a profound influence on the success or failure of agriculture.
A) As has been emphasised in a relevant article
B) Given the fact that population growth in most countries has become one of the top issues
C) Whatever decision the government may have taken about food exports
D) Until all the data concerning the world climate are gathered and processed E) Even though groundwater resources were
fully exploited
35. Recently scientists have been working on substitutes for fossil fuels ____ . A) though Japan had strongly objected to the
results
B) whether they could have been used in the car industry
C) if the problems of environmental pollution had not prevented this
D) unless more money is poured into research on the subject
E) as the oil reserves in the world are diminishing rapidly
36. ____ , they still haven't chosen the team of engineers.
A) Since the bridge had already been planned B) When they start work on the dam next
week
C) Whoever made the designs for this block of flats
D) Although work on the project should have started last week
E) As soon as the new model becomes available
37. While the captain was working on that film about underwater life, ____ . A) a whole new fascinating world has opened
up for him
B) his team of divers are taken ill
C) he accidentally discovered the wreck of an old ship
D) he had been attacked by sharks
E) his boat will be in danger of drifting ashore
38. ____ even though it was obviously very limited in scope.
A) The experiment he has recently been engaged in has produced some interesting results
B) His paper aroused considerable interest C) The research project will be assigned to a
team of specialists
D) The hypothesis will finally be put to the test E) His intention will, an all likelihood, be
misunderstood
39. ____ that the sun had not illuminated the earth for more than one hundred million years.
A) Thomson's studies concentrated on the dissipation of energy
B) Thomson is just one of several physicists who were awarded the Nobel Prize C) Thomson, through his experiments on heat
and energy, showed conclusively
D) Thomson was to gain universal recognition as are of the greatest physicists of his time E) One of Thomson's earlier research projects
was concerned with the age of the earth
40. ____ which expands when heated. A) A thermometer contains mercury B) This is a characteristic of all metals C) The atmosphere contains various gases D) Parts of the floor remain unexplored E) The hole in the ozone layer is becoming
more and more dangerous
41. Since the buildings on the north side had been well-constructed ____ . A) the landslide cannot be presented B) the architect has received more than his
share of praise
C) the town-council will be reluctant to give a licence
D) they were unaffected by the earthquake E) the mayor of the city is absolutely opposed
to the project
42-46 sorularda, parçada bo bırakılan yere uygun dü en ifadeyi bulunuz. 42. Most mysterious, perhaps, of all
substances in the sea is iodine. In sea water it is one of the least common of the non-metals, difficult to detect and resisting exact analysis. ____ . Sponges, corals and certain seaweeds, in
particular, accumulate vast quantities of it.
A) The ocean is the earth's greatest storehouse of minerals.
B) In the human body, iodine functions as a regulator of the basal metabolism.
C) Yet it is found in almost every marine plant and animal.
D) The plants and animals of the sea are very much better chemists than men.
E) Iodine deficiency in the body causes certain metabolic disorders.
43. Bridges are among the most important, and often the most spectacular, of all civil engineering works. ____ . Without them it would be impossible to imagine how traffic in Istanbul could circulate. Moreover, they are the symbolic link of two continents.
A) A further aspect of civil engineering is the suitable choice of a suitable site
B) The bridges across the Bosphorus are a case in point
C) One of the major problems posed by long bridges is that of maintenance
D) The construction of bridges requires a number of engineering skills
E) Historically there has always been a dream to construct a bridge across Bosphorus 44. When scientists are trying to
understand a particular set of phenomena, hey often make use of a model: A model, in the scientist's sense, is a kind of analogy or mental image of the phenomena in terms of something we are familiar with. ____ . We cannot see waves of light as we can see water waves; but it is valuable to think of light as if it were made up of waves because experiments indicate that light behaves in many respects as water waves do. A) Other natural laws have been discovered
over centuries
B) The atomic model of matter has gone through many refinements
C) Models often lead to important theories D) One example is the wave model of light E) This is the obvious difference between a
theory and a model.
45. Evaporation can be described as the process by which liquid is changed into vapour by heat. ____ . The higher the temperature, the quicker the process. Obviously, evaporation is a fundamental process in nature.
A) Desalination depends upon the process of evaporation
B) Whenever a liquid is exposed to heat, evaporation takes place
C) The average annual temperature in the arctic region is far below that in the Mediterranean.
D) The human body can easily adapt to a humid climate.
E) Some plants are more affected by evaporation than others.
46. ____ . He was one of the earliest to argue that the interior of the earth was not solid but that it consisted of a condensed, though highly heated, fluid or gas. He also argued that on its exterior the earth had a relatively thin shell of matter.
A) The great achievements of Benjamin Franklin in natural science should not blind us to the fact that he was a great
statesman.
B) When Benjamin Franklin was a young man, he moved from Boston to Philadelphia where he spent the rest of his life studying political science.
C) In the eighteenth century, Benjamin Franklin made remarkable contributions to the field of electricity.
D) Benjamin Franklin played an important part in the early development of American political thought.
E) Benjamin Franklin had many original and penetrating ideas on geology.
47-51 sorularda, anlam bakımından hangi cümlenin parçaya uymadı ını bulunuz.
47. (I) When rainfall occurs regularly, the moisture of surface soil is maintained in a constant condition. (II) In some countries irrigation can be costly. (III) This is made possible by the downward movement of water through the soil. (IV) However, during periods of drought the surface soil becomes very dry, its moisture having evaporated into the air. (V) On the whole this is not harmful since within two or three inches of the surface moist soil can still be found. A) I
B) II C) III D) IV E) V
48. (I) Biologists have made various studies of living organisms. (II) First of all, they have classified them on the basis of their structure. (III) They have divided them into two classes, the single-celled organisms and the many-celled
organisms. (IV) In almost all plants and animals, the individual cells have different functions. (V) For instance, bacteria and algae are single-celled, while insects, fish and flowering plants are many-celled. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
49. (I) Cyclones are constantly recurring fact of life in Bangladesh. (II) But the one that hit the country on 29 April 1991 was the worst for a decade. (III)
However, controlling the flow of water can reduce the risks of floods. (IV) Within hours, 130.000 people were dead and four million people were homeless. (V) Conditions were so bad that, only a week after the cyclone, many felt that the dead, not the living, were the fortunate ones. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
50. (I) It is common for a liquid to turn into a vapour when heated. (II) It is less common for a solid substance to turn directly into a vapour without ever going through a liquid stage. (III) The best known example of this latter process is solid carbondioxide, which has the appearance of cloudy ice. (IV) When this is heated, it doesn't turn into liquid but to gas. (V) Indeed, nuclear reactions involving certain substances are highly complex and unpredictable.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
51. (I) In the universe, hydrogen is
apparently the most abundant of all the elements. (II For instance, analysis of the light emitted by stars indicates that most stars are predominantly hydrogen. (III) Molecular hydrogen is the lightest of all gases. (IV) Similarly, of the sun's mass, approximately 90 % is hydrogen. (V) However, hydrogen is much less abundant on the earth.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
52-56 sorularda, anlam bakımından hangi cümlenin parçaya uymadı ını bulunuz.
52. Mary: What's in that bottle? Paul: Sulphuric acid. Mary: ____
Paul: Yes, I'm sorry. I'll do it straight away.
A) Don't you know that all dangerous substances have to be properly labelled? B) Do you mind if I use some of it in my
experiment?
C) Do you know where all the acids and other dangerous substances are kept?
D) Then what is it doing here?
E) You haven't been burned, have you?
53. Roger: Where will the new bridge be? Bill: Five miles downstream.
Roger: ____
Bill: No, the rock formation isn't suitable there.
A) People living there won't be pleased, will they?
B) Have the engineers submitted their plans? C) Couldn't they build it nearer here?
D) But the river is very wide there. E) There's already a good road there.
54. David: I thought there was an
abundance of aluminium in the earth's crust.
Peter: There is. David: ____
Peter: Because most of it is not in a form that can be removed and processed at a profit.
A) Then what's special about bauxite? B) Is it really necessary to import so much? C) Where are the major deposits in France? D) Then why is it short supply?
E) Are processing costs still going up?
55. Seyfi: What's the first item on the agenda?
Sait: Rubbish disposal and recycling of waste.
Seyfi: ____
Sait: I know it is. But no one takes it seriously. One day we'll have to, though! A) It just can't be done under these
circumstances.
B) But we discussed that last week C) Then what follows?
D) Who's brought this subject up? E) That's always on the agenda.
56. Farmer: What can I do to increase the harvest?
Expert: Well, there are a number of ways I can suggest. One is irrigation.
Farmer: ____
Expert: Quite a lot, I'm afraid. A) Yes, but how much expense will that
entail?
B) You mean a modern irrigation method? C) Are you trained in irrigation engineering? D) Do you think there is plenty of underground
water?
E) The rainfall in this region is adequate, isn't it?
57-59 soruları, a a ıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.
We are warm-blooded animals. The temperature inside us is generally higher than the temperature outside us. It follows from this fact that, just as a kettle of hot water cools as it loses heat to the air around it, so the human body is continuously losing heat. But, unlike the kettle, it does not cool down, for all the time fresh quantities of heat are being generated inside. The body is both making heat and losing some of it at the same time. The loss of heat is controlled by a very delicate
mechanism. The body resembles a thermostat heater in that while it gives off heat, it manages to remain at the same temperature.
57. In this passage, the body is likened to a thermostat because ____ .
A) the loss of heat would cause serious diseases
B) the temperature of the body is always equal to the outside temperature
C) the control of the body heat is unimportant D) the temperature remains constant in spite
of heat loss
E) the body heat is influenced by the outside temperature
58. It is pointed out in the passage that the body's loss of heat ____ .
A) means man is not warm-blooded B) should be regarded as a danger signal C) cannot be controlled easily
D) can only be affected by the environment E) is compensated for by the generation of
fresh heat
59. The passage describes the mechanism ____ .
A) which keeps the body at the same temperature
B) which prevents loss of heat in detail C) concerned with the generation of surplus
heat
D) which regulates the temperature of the water in a kettle
E) by which the temperature of the air remains stable
60-62 soruları, a a ıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.
Genetics is the study of mechanisms of the hereditary process. Modern genetics began with the experiments of Gregor Mendel in 1865. He studied the
inheritance of different factors in peas, and found that some traits were "dominant" and some "recessive", the "dominant" appearing in a ratio of very nearly three to one. Mendels results were ignored for many years until their discovery at the beginning of the twentieth century .
60. According to the passage ____ . A) the results of Mendel's experiments were
immediately put into practise
B) the purpose of Mendel's experiments was primarily agricultural
C) genetics is essentially concerned with heredity
D) modern genetics owes very little to Mendel's experiments
E) the mechanisms of heredity were known prior to Mendel
61. Clearly, in the field of genetics, ____ . A) certain traits have been given too much
importance
B) the 20th century has contributed very little C) Mendel's experiments have received and
used attention D) Mendel is the pioneer
E) new dominant and recessive traits are constantly being discovered
62. Mendel discovered that ____ . A) recessive traits exceeded the dominant
ones
B) in peas, dominant traits appear in a ratio of three to one
C) in peas, nearly one-third of the traits were dominant
D) by 1865 the theory of heredity had been convincingly formulated
E) genetics was becoming a popular science
63-65 soruları, a a ıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.
Geologists are especially interested in the mineral content of rocks. All rocks consist of one or more minerals, many of which are needed as raw materials for industry or have properties which make them valuable or useful. Gold, for example, is valuable. Diamonds are both valuable and useful. Coal is also found in rocks, usually underground and it is vitally important as fuel in modern life. Britain is rich in coal because it was covered in dense forests more than 300 million years ago. Coal is formed from the remains of trees, and other plants which have gradually been compressed and hardened in the rock structure of the earth.
63. In all types of rocks ____ .
A) we can find the hardened remains of trees B) a wide variety of mineral deposits is to be
found
C) at least one type of mineral is to be found D) one is likely to find fuel deposits
E) there are seemingly useless deposits
64. It is pointed out that coal ____ .
A) is usually found in thickly-forested regions B) has lost its importance as a fuel
C) is one of Britain's major exports D) takes millions of years to form E) is the most indispensable material for
industry
65. According to the passage, one of the major interests of geologists is to ____ . A) determine the coal reserves in the earth B) produce diamonds in coal deposits C) explore mineral deposits in rocks D) study the properties of valuable minerals E) decide which raw materials are useful in
66-68 soruları, a a ıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.
There are about forty distinct kinds of wild cats known to inhabit the earth today. They range in size from the mighty Siberian tiger to several little spotted species about the size of the average domestic cat. The cats are the most efficient land predators left on earth. They combine power, speed, patience, camouflage, and considerable individual skill. All swim well, most climb with great agility, and at least for short distances, most can move with amazing swiftness. The African lion can reach a speed of almost forty miles per hour when it charges.
66. It is stressed in the passage that wild cats in the world today ____
A) show a remarkable range and variety B) are completely confined to the African
continent
C) are rapidly on the decline due to the environmental changes
D) are now only to be located in Siberia and the rest of Asia
E) seem to be losing the ability to climb trees
67. According to the passage, wild cats are noted for a number of distinct qualities ____
A) of which their great strength is the most important
B) which together make them physically superior to all other animals regardless of size
C) but their sense of smell is poor
D) of which their ability to hide from the enemy is of first importance
E) including the unmatchable efficiency in hunting
68. It is pointed out in the passage that the speed with which most wild cats can move ____
A) compensates for their lack of efficient sight B) has never been measured
C) is truly remarkable
D) doesn't exceed that of the average domestic cat
E) helps them to survive in a hostile environment
69-71 soruları, a a ıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.
Civil engineering offers a particular challenge because almost every
structure of system that is designed and built by civil engineers is unique. One structure rarely duplicates another exactly. Even when structures seem to be identical, site requirements or other factors generally result in modifications. Large structures like dams, bridges, or tunnels may differ substantially from previous structures. The civil engineer must, therefore, always be ready and willing to meet new challenges.
69. It is argued in the passage that virtually no civil engineering work ____
A) is substantially different from the other B) can be completed without benefit of other
branches of engineering
C) can be as complicated as the construction of a dam
D) is exactly the same as any another E) is affected by site requirements
70. According to the passage , since every site will have different requirements ____
A) modifications of all types should be avoided B) almost every bridge or dam will be different
from every other
C) the work of a civil engineering is likely to be monotonous
D) site requirements are not important E) this does not pose a challenge
71. One can understand from the passage that the civil engineer ____
A) can rarely be persuaded to modify a design B) always keeps to traditional designs
C) confines his interests to dams, bridges or tunnels
D) is less open to new ideas in construction than other engineers
E) is likely to have to modify the original design of a structure to suit the site
72-74 soruları, a a ıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.
All our sources of power are "natural"; we have found that matter can be turned into energy and energy into matter, but that nothing can be created. We can convert one into the other with relative ease, but all our power is based upon the control of natural sources, in the sense that the energy or fuel is never man-made. It already exists as in the wind and in rivers; or it may be stored up as in oil or coal.
72. One important point emphasised in the passage is that ____.
A) nature is the only source of energy B) man-made energy is more economical C) energy sources have been used wastefully
in recent decades
D) the world's oil reserves ought to be used more carefully
E) coal production should be increased to bridge the energy gap
73. According to the passage, the conversion of matter into energy and vice versa ____.
A) will no longer be necessary as new energy sources are found
B) has been possible only in our century C) is a fairly easy process
D) is possible only in the case of solid matter E) depends to a great extent on new
technologies
74. It is obvious from the passage that energy ____.
A) should be consumed more considerately B) cannot be stored for long
C) can readily be created by man
D) is stored more abundantly in oil and coal than in wind and water
E) is derived from many different sources in nature
75-77 soruları, a a ıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.
To astronomers, the great
accomplishment of the flights to the moon was the bringing back of rocks from the lunar surface. It was the first extraterrestrial material ever to reach Earth, with the exception of meteorites. The lunar rocks seemed to show that the moon was virtually free of water and of organic material and was, therefore, a world utterly without life. In fact, this had been suspected by astronomers, since 1660s; but there had been some hope of traces of air and water that might have made possible very primitive life at the bacterial level, if nothing more.
75. As the author explains, the study of lunar rocks has confirmed that ____ A) no life whatsoever exists on the moon B) only a very primitive form of life could have
existed on the moon
C) the moon is actually a large meteorite D) some of them contain bacterial remains E) the moon has traces of extraterrestrial life 76. According to the passage, it was once
hoped that ____
A) there was a large variety of rocks on the moon
B) the moon was capable of supporting primitive life
C) the amount of water on the moon was increasing
D) there were higher forms of life on the moon than the bacterial ones
E) the lunar surface was similar to that of the earth
77. It seems from the passage that, from the seventeenth century onwards, ____ A) man has ceased to be interested in the
moon
B) interest in the moon has been confined to the study of rocks
C) astronomers have had a reasonably correct understanding of the moon
D) the existence of life on the moon has been accepted as a fact
E) a large amount of extraterrestrial material, excluding meteorites, has reached the earth
78-80 soruları, a a ıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.
Long after the discovery of electricity, man found that he could use the great power of water to produce it. At first, he used natural waterfalls. Later, man began to build dams to generate
hydroelectric power. Dams are immense structures which hold back the water of a river and form a lake behind. The water is let through under control and allowed to fall through pipes to the turbines below. The rushing water drives the turbines, and as they revolve, they spin electro-magnets; these magnets generate electricity.
78. According to the passage, dams ____ A) are primarily used to form lakes
B) can be used to prevent flooding C) date back to very early times
D) were in use well before electricity was discovered
E) are important for the production of hydroelectric power
79. When electro-magnets are set in motion by turbines, ____
A) electricity is generated
B) the water is allowed to fall through the pipes
C) the water has to be held back D) the speed is immediately reduced E) the water power becomes uncontrollable
80. According to the passage, electricity was discovered ____
A) after observing the immense power of water in natural waterfalls
B) long before man learned to generate hydroelectric power
C) soon after the first dams were built
D) because of the need to create artificial light E) as soon as he realised how much power
there was in water
1-21. Sorularda bo bırakılan yere uygun dü en ifadeyi bulunuz.
1. Air pollution is obviously one of the major _____ of city life. A) references B) disadvantages C) attempts D) definitions E) expressions
2. The lawyer submitted to the court several documents to _____ his point of view. A) support
B) overcome C) refrain D) improve E) alienate
3. The latest figures concerning the
company's sales are certainly very _____. A) determined
B) intensive C) emphatic D) reluctant E) disturbing
4. On Tuesday, I'll be able to let you know _____ how many people will be attending the conference. A) mostly B) fortunately C) comparatively D) precisely E) immensely
5. From the evidence, it seems pretty obvious that someone _____ the office sometime during the night.
A) found out B) took after C) broke into D) made out E) ran up
6. It has become a fashion among film stars to use some of their money to _____ needy children. A) do with B) make up C) go without D) put up with E) provide for
7. If it rains, the football match will be _____ until next week.
A) given out B) put off C) turned off D) run through E) taken on
8. If I _____ a similar kind of research, I _____ on just two decades.
A) will do / concentrate B) had done / concentrated
C) have done / would have concentrated D) were doing / would concentrate E) did / will concentrate
ÜDS-1
SOSYAL B L MLER
Bu testte cevaplayaca ınız soru sayısı 80’dir. Önerilen cevaplama süresi 180 dakikadır.
9. The committee _____ the question for nearly an hour, and still hasn't come to a decision.
A) has been discussing B) had discussed C) will discuss D) is discussing E) would discuss
10. Towards the end of the 15th century, many political and social changes _____ in Europe which _____ all countries profoundly.
A) had been occurring / had affected B) were occurring / have affected C) have occurred / will affect D) had occurred / would affect E) occurred / affected
11. Before I read Freud, I _____ dreams were of so much significance.
A) haven't thought B) wouldn't think C) didn't think D) don't think
E) wouldn't have thought
12. _____ the critics, the film is almost as good as the novel itself.
A) With regard to B) According to C) Owing to D) Concerning E) In comparison to
13. It is thought to be basically a Hittite settlement _____ there are some traces of earlier civilisations. A) in spite of B) even so C) instead D) even though E) in case
14. The next meeting will be held _____ February, probably _____ the second Tuesday of the month.
A) in / on B) in / at C) at / in D) on / at E) at / on
15. Venice is joined to the mainland _____ road and railway viaducts.
A) from B) over C) by D) on E) off
16. The conference was a great
disappointment; in fact, it was quite _____ I have ever attended.
A) the worst B) as bad as C) worse than D) so bad E) the worse
17. The Sumerian King Ur - Engur was a great ruler _____ dominions extended from the Gulf to the Mediterranean. A) whom B) who C) which D) whose E) that
18. In advertising it is important to decide _____ you are aiming to attract. A) by whom B) whoever C) who D) which E) whose
19. I told him that the ultimate responsibility for solving the problem was not _____ but _____ . A) us / theirs B) his / me C) her / yours D) him / ours E) mine / his
20. He said he would apply for the job immediately after he returned, _____? A) did he B) didn't he C) would he D) hadn't he E) wouldn't he
21. The last exhibition I went to was _____ crowded that I could hardly see anything . A) as B) too C) more D) so E) very
22-26 sorularda, verilen ngilizce cümlenin Türkçe dengini bulunuz.
22. Anyone who wishes to begin selling industrial goods in a foreign country must first carry out market research. A) Yabancı bir ülkede sanayi malları satmaya
ba lamak isteyen herkes önce Pazar ara tırması yapmalıdır.
B) steyen herkes, Pazar ara tırması yaptıktan sonra yabancı bir ülkede sanayi malları satabilir.
C) Hiç kimse pazar ara tırması yapmadan ba ka bir ülkeye sanayi ürünleri satmaya giri memelidir.
D) Yabancı bir ülkede Pazar ara tırması yapmak isteyen herkes, önce sanayi malları pazarından ba lamalıdır.
E) Sanayi malları satmaya ba lamadan önce yapılacak pazar ara tırması yabancı ülkeleri de kapsamalıdır.
23. As a matter of fact one of the most important aims of education must be to produce individuals who can think and act independently.
A) Bir e itim sistemi özgürce dü ünebilen bireyler yeti tiriyorsa en önemli amacını gerçekle tirmi demektir.
B) E itim özgürce hareket edebilen ve dü ünebilen ki iler yeti tiremiyorsa en önemli amaçlarından birini yerine getirmiyor demektir.
C) Esas olarak özgür dü ünce ve davranı ı ö retmeyi hedef alan bir e itim sistemi, üretken ki iler yeti tirebilir.
D) Aslında, e itimin önemli hedeflerinden biri özgürce dü ünebilen ve davranabilen bireyler yeti tirmek olmalıdır.
E) Özgür dü ünen ve hareket eden ki iler yeti tirmenin e itimde önemli bir hedef oldu u bilinen bir gerçektir.
24. Most sociologists maintain that the most significant element of culture that we must learn are values, norms of conduct and social roles.
A) Pek çok sosyolo a göre, kültürün en önemli ögelerinden biri herkesin ö rendi i de erler, davranı normları ve toplumsal rollerdir. B) Ço u sosyolog, ö renmemiz gereken en
önemli kültür ögelerinin de erler, davranı normları ve toplumsal roller oldu unu ileri sürer.
C) Sosyologlar ço unlukla kültürel de erler ve davranı normlarının toplumsal rollerle birlikte ö renilebildi ini savunurlar. D) Sosyologların tümü, de erler, davranı
normları ve toplumsal roller dı ında ö renmemiz gereken bazı çok önemli kültürel ögeler oldu unu belirtmektedir. E) Kültürün bize ö retti i belli ba lı ögelerin
de erler, davranı normları ve toplumsal roller oldu u sosyologların ço u tarafından vurgulanmaktadır.
25. Some art historians argue that, as in the Middle Ages so in the Renaissance, art served the purposes of faith.
A) Bazı sanat tarihçileri, sanatın Ortaça 'da oldu u gibi Rönesans'ta da dinin amaçlarına hizmet etti ini ileri sürmektedir.
B) Bazı sanat tarihçilerine göre, sanat, gerek Ortaça 'da gerek Rönesans'ta tamamen dinsel amaçlara yönelik olarak geli mi tir. C) Sanat tarihçilerinin bir kısmı, Rönesans'ta
sanatın, Ortaça 'dakinden farklı olarak, dinin amaçlarına hizmet etti i görü ündedir. D) Sanat tarihçileri arasında, Ortaça 'da ve
Rönesans'ta sanatın dinin amaçlarına hizmet edip etmedi i konusunda görü ayrılı ı vardır.
E) Sanat tarihçilerinin bir kısmı, Ortaça 'da oldu u kadar Rönesans'ta da din adamlarının sanata hizmet etti ini kabul etmektedir.
26. Psychoanalysis has brought about a radical change in the study of human behaviour and in the concepts of psychology.
A) nsan davranı larının psikoanalizle incelenmesi, psikolojiye bir çok kavram kazandırmı tır.
B) Psikoanaliz, insan davranı larının
incelenmesinde ve psikoloji kavramlarında köklü bir de i ikli e neden olmu tur. C) Psikoanalizin getirdi i en önemli de i iklik,
insan davranı larının ara tırılmasında ve bazı psikoloji kavramlarının tanımında görülür.
D) Psikoanalizde, insan davranı ları ve psikoloji kavramları çok farklı bir biçimde ele alınır. E) nsan davranı larına yakla ımı çok farklı
olan psikoanaliz, psikolojideki bazı kavramları kökünden de i timi tir.
27-31 sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümlenin ngilizce dengini bulunuz.
27. Ekonomik geli menin ba lıca amaçlarından biri, ülkedeki bütün insanların hayat standardını yükseltmektir.
A) Importance must be given to economic development in order to raise the people's living standars.
B) The living standards of the people can't be raised unless more emphasis is given to economic development.
C) One of the major aims of economic
development is to raise the living standards of all the people in the country.
D) The aim of most people in the country is to raise their living standard in line with economic development.
E) The economic development of the country is essential for the improvement of the living standards of all the people.
28. Müzi i halk tarafından çok be enilmesine ra men, besteci Hugo Wolf hayatının ço unu yoksulluk içinde geçirdi.
A) This composer was Hugo Wolf whose music was much admired by the public though he lived in poverty.
B) The music of composer Hugo Wolf only attracted the attention of the public after he had died in poverty.
C) The composer Hugo Wolf lived in poverty, but his best music was much liked by people at the time.
D) Though his music greatly admired by the public, the composer Hugo Wolf lived most of his life in poverty.
E) The music of Hugo Wolf reflects the life of this composer which was spent mostly alone and in poverty.
29. Hatırlanaca ı gibi, Japon medeni kanunu, tıpkı e itim sistemi gibi temel olarak Fransızlardan alınmı tır.
A) It should be recalled that the civil code of Japan and the educational system, were both taken from that of the French. B) One should remember that the Japanese
civil code, like the education system, is in some ways similar to the French.
C) It will be remebered that the Japanese civil code, just like the education system, resembles the French one quite closely. D) One should recall that Japann fashioned her
civil code, and even more her educational system, on the example of France. E) As one may remember, the Japanese civil
code, just like the education system, was basicaly adopted from that of the French.
30. Anında tercümenin, bir uzman için bile ne kadar zor oldu unun çok az ki i
farkındadır.
A) For the expert, simultaneous translation is not as difficult as most people imagine. B) Simultaneous translation, even for an
expert, is extremely diffucult as everyone realises.
C) Very few people realise how difficult simultaneous translation is, even for an expert.
D) Most people cannot realise that
simultaneous translation is diffucult for all but the expert.
E) The difficulties of simultaneous translation are only appreciated by a very few experts.
31. Anadolu'da kurulan ilk büyük uygarlık MÖ 2000 yıllarındaki Hitit Uygarlı ıdır. A) The major period of the Hittite civilisation in
Anatolia was around 2000 B.C.
B) The Hittites were the first civilised people to settle in Anatolia around 2000 B.C.
C) Well before 2000 B.C. Anatolia had come under the influence of Hittite civilisation. D) The major civilisations established in
Anatolia around 2000 B.C. ncluded the Hittite one.
E) The first major civilisation established in Anatolia was that of the Hittites around 2000 BC.
32-41 sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun ekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz. 32. After Muhammed Ali had won a gold
medal in the Olympics, _____. A) he turned professional
B) the newspapers are not aware of it C) there will be other fights in Europe D) he'd claim to be the best in the world E) he is still well-known
33. _____ whose genius was recognised in his own life time.
A) The great Turkish architect Sinan built many mosques
B) Sinan is one of the few architects C) Sinan's major works must be studied from
various angles
D) Some of Sinan's bridges were of strategic importance
E) Süleyman the Magnificent greatly respected Sinan and admired his works
34. _____ that Victoria was a remarkable queen.
A) It was impossible to avoid asking the questions
B) I was introduced to a historian C) Dr. Robertson has been wondering D) This is an article on the British royal family E) It is generally agreed
35. _____ if the government had given priority to the problem of pollution. A) Meteorologists are extremely worried B) As far as the research centre is concerned C) It would have been better
D) A group of ecologists have complained E) Urbanisation is under attack
36. _____ while the mother is there to provide security.
A) The child had reached school age
B) Most young children will confidently explore a strange environment
C) The children of a large family feel they have more advantages than those of smaller families.
D) Those children found it harder to make social contacts
E) The children liked to get away on their own
37. Let's allow the students a break in the middle of each term _____
A) unless they ask for it
B) if the courses were being revised
C) however beneficial this could have proved D) as it was hoped they would come back
refreshed
E) as this will, certainly, improve efficiency
38. To increase productivity, it is essential that the workers receive further training _____ .
A) even if they had been gratified by wage increases
B) so that the factory had to undergo considerable reorganisation
C) in order to keep up with new developments in technology
D) whether they wanted it or not
E) unless the government lifts restrictions on imports in general
39. I am reading that article on maritime law _____.
A) which has caused so much controversy B) if I can find it
C) while it was highly recommended D) that I can't explain it
E) so that you lend it to me
40. After taking a degree in archaeology, he went to the States _____.
A) which is what he is still hoping to do
B) as he is being offered a two year scholarship C) when any further study there is out of the
question
D) where he specialised in Roman sculpture E) unless he had been appointed as a lecturer
in his own department
41. Many critics have wondered _____. A) although the audience enjoyed the
performance immensely. B) because it was a best seller
C) why his plays have not been more popular D) so long as the young novelists follow this
technique
E) that his novels are so powerful
42-46 sorularda, parçada bo bırakılan yere uygun dü en ifadeyi bulunuz.
42. Wages and salaries are usually paid in regular weekly or monthly instalments. However, one's expenses are normally much less regular. Bills often arrive irregularly and are usually to be paid immediately. ____ .
A) It is dangerous to spend more than one earns.
B) Similarly, preparing an annual budget has a number of disadvantages.
C) Of course, much of this expenditure was almost unavoidable.
D) Therefore, some form of financial planning is needed.
E) Unfortunately, many people are unable to make a decent living.
43. Ballet dancers work within a tradition. They have generations of knowledge and experience behind them. ____ . For theirs is a hard world, but at least they have the example of the past to turn to when they need it.
A) It originated in the French court. B) Originality can be overrated. C) It is this that supports them. D) Art should appear effortless.
E) It is possible to improve one's sense of rhythm.
44. In 1746 a group of London publishers commissioned Samuel Johnson to compile an English dictionary. Johnson was pleased wit the commission and hoped to finish it within three years. ____ . For a work of such quality, however, nine years was not really very long, especially when we remember how much of the work was his alone.
A) It didn't take him as long as this. B) Actually, though, it took him nine years. C) There were six people to help him.
D) Another dictionary was published in the next century.
E) Many words have changed in meaning since Johnson's day.
45. Michelangelo did not like to delegate work to the students in his studio, though at that time the studios of the great masters of one age were the training ground for those of the next. ____ . Another was that Michelangelo left a lot of unfinished works.
A) One of his biographers has criticised. B) It has been suggested that Michelangelo
was jealous of talent in others. C) Michelangelo was ambitious, and was
satisfied with nothing short of perfection. D) Michelangelo enjoyed enormous prestige
even in his own day.
E) One result of this practice of his was that no great artist emerged from Michelangelo's studio.
46. Deserts are vast , barren, rocky and sandy wastes where there is almost no rainfall and little or no vegetation. ____ . In fact, Europe is the only continent without a desert. Among the most famous deserts in the world as the Sahara, the Gobi and the Kalahari. A) Such regions are found in the interior of
Africa, Asia, North America and Australia. B) Another major problem is the sand storm. C) Moreover, many people have lost their lives
trying to cross the desert.
D) It is, of course, very costly to reclaim desert land in this bay.
E) The United Nations has financed various projects for the irrigation of deserts.
47-51 sorularda, anlam bakımından hangi cümlenin parçaya uymadı ını bulunuz.
47. (I) Some people are against the English system of trial by jury. (II) They argue that only people trained in the law can understand properly all the evidence given at a trial. (III) At the end of a trial all the evidence is summed up by the judge. (IV) Until I served on a jury last month, I used to think this way myself. (V) But now I understand the advantages of the jury system. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
48. (I) The declaration of Human Rights gives great emphasis to education. (II) After all, the declaration shows how near the world is to being ideal. (III) This is natural as advances in the cause of freedom and of social rights depend very largely on education. (IV) Indeed, educators must accept a major share of the responsibility for shaping a society's attitudes towards Human Rights. (V) If they do not do so, the document will remain ineffective. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
49. (I) A potential weakness of committees is their tendency to make compromise decisions. (II) Their plans, too, are often middle-of-the-road plans. (III)
Nevertheless, most high-level decisions are now being taken by individuals. (IV) In other words, these are the sort of plans that nobody actually opposes. (V) Nobody really believes in them either, so actually they are not much use.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
50. (I) Symbolism is the bridge between Romanticism and Modernism and its use provides a basis of continuity. (II) Romantic writers mostly used symbols drawn from nature or from mythology. (III) Modern writers tend to use less obvious symbols. (IV) Rhyme is rarely used in modern poetry. (V) In one
modern novel a bar of soap, for instance, has great symbolic force.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
51. Many people find that libraries provide an excellent environment for serious study. (II) Even so the young in particular find background music is essential. (III) They offer the necessary quietness and the right atmosphere. (IV) The presence of others working there is also a bonus psychologically. (V) Their main drawback is that they close at fixed hours.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
52-56 sorularda, anlam bakımından hangi cümlenin parçaya uymadı ını bulunuz.
52. Bank Manager : Good Morning, Mr. Hepper. What can I do for you? Mr. Hepper : I wanted to discuss the
possibilities of a loan. Bank Manager : ____
Mr. Hepper : Thank you, I will. A) Then let's do so over a cup of tea. B) I'm afraid we can give no loans at present. C) How much do you require?
D) Then sit down and tell me about it. E) You could have asked me earlier.
53. Seyfi : I hear you went to the opening of Jame's art exhibition last night; how was it?
Sait: Quite good, I suppose. But I prefer his earlier, more concrete style.
Seyfi : ____
Sait: Yes, he is. I suppose an artist has to try out different styles.
A) Were people buying them? B) How about the colours?
C) Is he painting abstract pictures now? D) I used to like his animal pictures best. E) I will look in on the exhibition later in the
week.
54. Librarian : You know you should have returned the art book today.
Robert : ____
Librarian : I'm afraid I can't do that. There's someone else wanting to borrow it.
Robert : Then I'll rush back home and bring it here before closing time. A) Please let me keep it for one more day. I
have only one chapter left.
B) It seems I have borrowed the wrong book. May I see the one by W. Peter?
C) Nobody would want that book anyway. I thought I could keep it as long as I wished. D) Yes, I know. But I can only return it on
Friday.
E) Oh, I thought I had two more days. I'll bring it back and borrow it again later.
55. Peter : Are you going to the opening of that ceramics' exhibition?
Mavis : ____
Peter : I want to; but I don't want to go by myself.
Mavis : In that case, I'll join you. A) No, I'm not. I'm flying to Rome for a
conference this evening.
B) Well, I wasn't intending to. Are you? C) I didn't know you were interested in
ceramics.
D) There's been a lot in the newspapers about it.
E) What exhibition? I've heard nothing about it.
56. Philip : What did he lecture on?
Claude : The civilisation of ancient Egypt. Philip : ____
Claude : I really don't know. I couldn't understand a thing.
A) Was he any good?
B) How long have you been interested in ancient Egypt?
C) He's written a book on the subject, hasn't he?
D) I wish I could have been there.
E) That's one of your special topics, isn't it?
57-59 soruları, a a ıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.
Any criminal justice system is an apparatus that society uses to enforce the standards of conduct necessary to protect individuals and the community. It operates by apprehending, prosecuting , convicting, sentencing these members of the community who violate the basic rules of group existence. The action taken against lawbreakers is designed to serve three purposes beyond the
immediately punitive one. It removes dangerous people from the community; it deters others from criminal behaviour and it gives society an oppurtunity to attempt to transform lawbreakers into law-abiding citizens.
57. We understand from the passage that the basic aim of criminal justice is ____ A) the protection of society and its individuals. B) to define socially acceptable behaviour. C) to educate lawbreakers.
D) the violation of the law.
E) to renew, as necessary, the traditions and customs of society.
58. According to the passage, prosecution is ____
A) a process which follows conviction.
B) concerned with the transformation of criminal justice.
C) not to be considered a vital part of the criminal justice system.
D) actually the removal of lawbreakers from the community.
E) one of the stages in the operation of criminal justice.
59. It is pointed out in the passage that one of the effects of the criminal justice system is to _____
A) give guidelines for group existence B) discourage crime
C) prevent the enforcement of capital punishment D) take immediate action against the community E) investigate the reasons behind criminal
60-62 soruları, a a ıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.
Chronic psychological stress depends much more on the person than on what happens to him. Someone promoted above his abilities will probably be under constant stress but some personalities may not be aware of the pressure, or of not being up to the job. On the other hand, someone in a position well within his abilities may still find everything a strain. Perhaps it is because he does not realise he can do it easily or because he wants to win promotion; or simply because that is his way of going about things.
60. The main argument of the passage is that ____
A) chronic stress may lead to serious disorders.
B) stress results from difficult environmental conditions.
C) some people work better under stress D) people of high ability cope better with stress E) stress is more related to personality than to
external conditions
61. According to the passage, some people ____
A) misunderstand the term "stress" B) are afraid of being promoted.
C) work well when they are promoted above their ability.
D) do not notice how much pressure they're under in their work.
E) take on any work they happen to find.
62. A person often experiences tension in his work ____
A) because he deserves promotion B) until he has been properly trained C) if he is particularly easy-going D) if there isn't adequate competition
E) when he is promoted above his capabilities.
63-65 soruları, a a ıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.
In a competitive economy, the consumer usually has the choice of several different brands of the same product. Yet underneath their labels, these products are often nearly identical. One manufacturer's toothpaste tends to differ very little from another manufacturer's. Two different brands of shampoo may vary only in scent and colour. And the tobacco in two different brands of cigarettes frequently come from the same fields. This close similarity means that a shopper has little reason to choose one brand over another. Thus, manufacturers are confronted with a problem: how to keep sales high enough to stay in business. Manufacturers solve this problem by advertising.
63. According to the passage, the average consumer ____
A) always buys the same brands
B) realises that brand names are unimportant C) thinks he is faced with a wide choice but he is
mistaken
D) is well-protected by law against deception E) cannot be fooled by advertising
64. The author suggests that ____
A) you should read the label on every product carefully.
B) one should realise that with many products, one brand is almost the same as another.
C) you should always make your purchases at the same shop .
D) one should find out where certain products, like tobacco, have been produced.
E) the colour of a special brand of shampoo is a sign of its quality.
65. It is understood from the passage that a manufacturer's chief concern is to ____ A) adopt scientific approach
B) make one product look the same as another product.
C) produce different brands of the same product. D) know what the potential buyer wants.
