Computer Animation INF2050

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INSTITUTTFOR INFORMATIKK INF2050, januar 29, 2008 Alma Leora Culén

Computer Animation

INF2050

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Om kurset

Hva er dette kurset ikke: – matte kurs

– kunst kurs

Det er

– en introduksjon til Max 3D

– forsøk til å forklare prinsipene av data animasjon og det som ligger bak

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INTRODUKSJON

Animate = “to give life to”

Specify, directly or indirectly, how ‘thing’ moves in time and space

Dataanimasjon inkluderer alle aspekter av bilder i bevegelsen: • Programmering • Modelering • Animasjon • Lys • Rendering • Post-prossesing • Scripting • Storyboarding • Hardware • Software • Lyd

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INTRODUKSJON

Vi skal kune ta opp bare en del av dette. Kanskje bare

• Programmering

• Modelering

• Animasjon

• Lys

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INTRODUKSJON

Historien

(litt mer omfatende en det vi gjorde på animasjonskvelden)

Aplikasjoner

Metoder

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Methods and Techniques

2D Animation Basics

– Double buffering – Interactive programs – Geometry review

Interpolation

– Linear interpolation – Temporal interpolation

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Introduksjon

3D Animation Basics

– Coordinates and cameras – Transformations

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Introduksjon

Surfaces and Lighting

– Polygonal models – Shading – Texture mapping – Roto-scoping

Procedural Animation

– Procedural texturing – Animated surfaces – Flocking behavior

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Introduksjon

Motion as Curves

– Explicit vs. implicit – Normals – Interpolation – Hermite curves – Evaluators – Motion paths

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Introduksjon

Pragmatic Issues

– Collision detection – Level-of-detail

Post-processing

– Compositing – Color processing – Anti-aliasing – Motion blur

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Short exercise:

Think of a polygonal shape that is

(from orthogonal views)

• a circle at the bottom • a square from the front • a triangle from the side Draw it in 3D!

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Two main categories

Computer-assisted animation

2D & 2 1/2 D Inbetweening

Inking, virtual camera, managing data, etc

Computer generated

animation

Low level techniques

Precisely specifying motion

High level techniques

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Low level techniques

Shape interpolation (in-betweening)

Have to know what you want

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High level techniques

Generate motion

with set of

rules or

constraints

Physically based

motion

http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~job/Projects/SoundGen/video.html

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Abstraction

From

Animator colors each pixel

(low level)

to

Tell computer to “make movie about a

dog”

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Heritage of Animation

Persistence of vision: discovered about

1800s

Zoetrope or “wheel of life”

Flip-book

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Heritage of Animation

Camera to make lifeless things move

Meleis 1890 using simple tricks

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Heritage of Animation

J. Stuart Blackton (American)

Meet Thomas Edison in 1895

Combine drawing and file: “The Enchanted Drawing” Six years later: “Humorous Phases of Funny Faces Animated smoke in 1900; First animated cartoon in 1906

QuickTime™ and a YUV420 codec decompressor are needed to see this picture.

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Heritage of Animation

First celebrated Animator

Winsor McCay (American)

Little nemo

Gertie the Dinosaur (1914)

QuickTime™ and a YUV420 codec decompressor are needed to see this picture.

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Heritage of Animation

First major technical development

John Bray /Earl Hurd (1910)

Translucent cels (short for celluloid) in compositing multiple layers

Use of grey scale (as opposed to B&W) Color short in 1920

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Heritage of Animation

Out of Bray’s studio

Max Fleischer (Betty Boop,, Popeye) Patented rotoscoping in 1915 Draing images on cells by

tracing over previously recorded live action

Paul Terry (Terrytoons: Mighty Mouse)

George Stallings(?)

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Heritage of Animation

Animation as an art form

First animated character with personality

Felix the cat by Otto Messmer (1920s)

Force to reckoned with

Sound and Walt Disney

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Disney: Animation as an

art form

Innovations

Story board to review story

Pencil sketch to review motion

Multi-plane camera stand

Color (not first to use color)

Sound!

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Multiplane Camera

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MGM and Warner

Brothers, etc.

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Other Media Animation

Computer

animation is often

compared to stop

motion animation

Puppet animation

Willis O’Brian (King Kong)

Ray Harryhausen (Might joe Yong, Jason and the

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Other Media Animation

Claymation

Pinhead animation

Sand animation

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Hierachy of

film/animation

Presentation

Act

Scene

Shot

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Short History of Computer

Animation

In Research labs

NYIT

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Resources (on history)

Timeline from Brown Animation class

Animation Timeline

America’s Story

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In Research Labs

University of Utah

Films on walking and talking figure

Animated hand and animated face (1972)

University of Pennsylvania

Human figure animation (Norm Badler)

Cornell University

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History of Computer

Animation

1974: Hunger by Rene Jodoin and

Peter Foldes

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Current activity Centers

University of Toronto's Computer Science Department

Simon-Fraser University's Graphics and Mulitmedia Research Lab Georgia Tech's Graphics Visualization and Usability Center

Brown Computer Graphics Group Ohio State University's ACCAD

Ohio State University's Department of Computer and Information Science

George Washington University Graphics Group

UC San Diego's Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of North Carolina's Computer Science Department

MIT's Media Lab

MIT's Laboratory for Computer Science University of Wisconsin at Madison

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Current Companies

Pixar

Industrial Light and Magic (ILM) Pacific Data Images (PDI) Disney

Xaos

Rhythm & Hues Digital Domain Lamb & Company Metrolight Studios Boss Film Studios deGraf/Wahrman

R/Greenberg Associates Blue Sky Productions Sony Pictures

Cinesite Imageworks

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Animations that paved the

way

Pixar

Luxo Jr. (1986)

first computer animation to be nominated for

an Academy Award

Red's Dream (1987)

Tin Toy (1988)

first computer animation to win an Academy

Award

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Early CG in film

Future World (1976) Star Wars (1977)

Lawnmower man (1992, Xaos, Angel Studios) Hollywood’s view of VR

Tron (1982, MAGI)

Supposed to look like a computer The Last Starfighter (1984)

Use CG in place of models Willow (1988, ILM)

Morphing video

First digital blue screen matte extraction Howard the Duck (1986, ILM)

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More early CG in film

Jurassic Park (1993, ILM)

Forest Gump (1994, Digital Domain)

Insert CG ping pong ball

Babe (1995, Rhythm & Hues)

Move mouths of animals & fill in background

Toy Story (1995, Pixar & Disney)

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Early CG on TV

Reboot (1995, Limelight Ltd. BLT Productions)

Similar intention of “inside computer”

First fully 3D Sat. morning cartoon

Babylon 5 (1995)

Routinely used CG models as regular features

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Computer Animation INF2050