Chapter Six: The Infinitive Absolute

(1)

6

6.1

6.1 The Innitive Absolute was dropped out of use in post Biblical Hebrew. It is

The Innitive Absolute was dropped out of use in post Biblical Hebrew. It is

almost absent from Qumran Hebrew.

6.2

6.2 When found in use in Biblical or Classical Hebrew, the Innitive Absolute

When found in use in Biblical or Classical Hebrew, the Innitive Absolute

could serve the following purposes:

(i) for emphasis;

(ii) for duration;

(iii) as Imperative;

(iv) contemporaneous action, etc.

6.3

6.3 1. For emphasis

1. For emphasis

The Innitive Absolute may precede or follow a Perfect or Imperfect

verbal form of the same root (

ש

ר

ו

ש

) as the controlling verb—sort of

appearing twice—in order to emphasize the idea or meaning of the

main verb. A popular example of this form of usage comes from the

Hebrew Bible:

ת

ו

ּ

מ

ת

ָ



ּ

ת

ו

ֹ

מ

you man

you man (

(2ms

2ms

) will

certainly die

certainly die (2 Kgs 1:

(2 Kgs 1:

16). The two words should be in the same stem.

a. In the sample above, no equivalent of it in the English language

has been dicovered; a suitable meaning would be determined by

The Innitive Absolute:

ר

ֹ

ו

ק

ָ

מ

How to use the Innitive Absolute

ש ש ב ב ך ך ו ו ר ר ב ב SS tt ee ff ff ee nn HH aa nn JJaa nn uu aa rr yy 22 00 11 11 rr ee vv ii ss ee dd ..

(2)

the general sense of the possible range of meaning in the

context in relation to the controlling verb of the sentence.

b. In Modern Hebrew, the Innitive Construct in a sentence

preceding an Imperfect Tense is used to achieve a similar

purpose, which is known as tautological innitive in

vernacular Yiddish usage.

2. For duration

When the Innitive Absolute follows the controlling verb, it

expresses a sense of duration or continuation of action, as the

meaning expressed in the sample words:

ר

ֹ

ו

מ

ׁ

ש

ׁ

ָ

ר

מ

ַ

ׁ

ָ

ש

.

3. As Imperative

The Innitive Absolute may be used by itself to function as an

Imperative verb, substituting a nite, controlling verb. A sample

sentence taken from the

ך

”

נ

ת

:

ׁ.

ׁ

ֹ

ו

ׁ

ש

ּ

ְ

ד

ק

ַ

ְ

ל

ת

ָ

ּ

ב

ּ

ש

ּ

ש

ׁ

ַ

ׁ

ה

ַ

ם

ו

ֹ

ו

ֹ

י

־

ת

ֶ

א

ר

ו

ֹ

מ

ָ

ׁ

ש

Keep the Sabbath day to make it holy. (Deut. 5:12)

Also, the Imperative Mood could be replaced by the use of the

Imperfect Tense, at times, in situation where the use of the

Imperative might unsuitable when it could be considered as

impolite. There are a few occasions in the

ך

”

נ

ת

where the

Innitive Absolute is actually used as the Imperative Mood.

4. Contemporaneous Action

Two Innitive Absolutes could be used together with a Perfect

ש ש ב ב ך ך ו ו ר ר ב ב SS tt ee ff ff ee nn HH aa nn JJ aa nn uu aa rr yy 22 00 11 11 rr ee vv ii ss ee dd ..

A sample of Innitive Absolute used for emphasis in the

ך

נ

”

ת

:

ּ ּ וו

נ

ֶ

מ

ֶ

ּ

ִ

מ

ל

כ

ַ

ֹ

א

ת

 ֹ

א

ל

־

ע

ר

ָ

ו

ב

ו

ֹ

ט

ת

ַ

ע

ד

ַ

ּ

ַ

ה

ץ

ע

ֵ

מ

ּ

ו

.

ת

ּ

ו

מ

ּ

ָ

ת

ּ

ת

ו

_ֹ

ו

מ

־

ו

ּ

נ

ֶ

מ

ּ

מ

ּ

ִ

 ָ

ך

ְ

ל

כ

ָ

כ

ֲ

א

ם

ו

_ׂ

ו

_ׂ

י

ּ

ְ

ב

י

ִ

ּ

כ

Genesis 2:17

ְ.

ך

ּ

ָ

מ

ִ

ע

ך

ל

ֵ

א

 ְ

ך

ל

_ֹ

ל

_ֹ

ָ

ה

 (

ה

ָ

ר

_ֹ

ו

ב

ּ

ִ

ד

)

ר

מ

ֶ

_ֹ

א

ת

ּ

ת

ּ

ַ

ו

Judges 4:9

ת

י

ִ

ח

ְ

ש

_ׁ

ה

ִ

ְ

ו

ל

ֶ

ב

ָ

ב

ָ

ּ

־

ך

ל

ֶ

מ

א

_ֹ

ו

_ֹ

י

ָ

־

_ֹ

א

ב

.

ת

א

ֹ

ז

ֹ

ּ

ַ

ה

ץ

ר

ֶ

ָ

א

ָ

ה

־

ת

ֶ

א

Jeremiah 36:29

(3)

Tense or Imperfect Tense of a verb to express two verbal actions

occurring simultaneously.

5. Other Usage of the Innitive Absolute

a.The Innitive Absolute could be used as a gerund, expressing

the idea of the verb in place for a noun.

b. The Innitive Absolute could function

b. The Innitive Absolute could function as an adverb, modifying

as an adverb, modifying

the verb when used with the controlling, nite verb. It hints

at the idea of doubt, possibility or necessity expressed by the

verb.

c.The Innitive Absolute may be used as a substitute for a

controlling, nite verb with the tense, person and number

shown by the context.

d. There are a number of adjectives that share the identical

default vowels with the Qal Innitive Absolute, as vowels

inthe sample word:

ל

ֹ

ו

ד

ָ

ג

enormous

.

6.4

6.4 Normally, a verb which ends with strong gutturals (such as

Normally, a verb which ends with strong gutturals (such as

ח

and

ע

) in

the Innitive Absolute, the vowel

ה

ָ

ב

ּ

ו

נ

ְ

ג

ְ

ּ

ח

ַ

ת

ּ

ַ

ּ

פ

(pathach furtive) must be

placed under the last guttural consonant as the guttural follows a long

vowel, a sample word of this:

ַ

ח

ל

ָ

ׁ

ש

,

ַ

ע

מ

ָ

ׁ

ש

.

6.5

6.5 Nature of the Innitive

Nature of the Innitive

An innitive is the uninected or natural, basic form of a verb; it

expresses the basic idea of the action; yet not a full verb, and is used

with auxiliary verbs. The Innitive is the base form of the verb on to

which afxes would be added to devise other forms or tenses of the

verb. It is a verbal noun. It shares the functions of a verb and a noun;

it is not limited by the specic limitations of nite verbs. It is not,

therefore, marked for number, gender, person or tense. As such, the

Innitive Absolute could be termed as the bare Innitive of the Hebrew

language.

שש בב ךך  וו רר בב S S t t e e f f f f e e n n H H a a n n J J a a n n u u a a r r y y 2 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 r r e e v v i i s s e e d d . .

(4)

6.6

6.6 There are two innitives in the

There are two innitives in the Hebrew language: the Innitive Absolute

Hebrew language: the Innitive Absolute

and the Innitive Construct, and the two forms are not generally

interchangeable. Each form may have very different functions. All

seven stems of the Hebrew verbal system have two innitives: the

Innitive Absolute and the Innitive Construct under each

binyan

.

It

seems that in cases where a root of the verb, mostly in the Passive

form of a verbal root, which does not have an Innitive Construct, the

Innitive Absolute may assume that role.

6.7

6.7 The Innitive Absolute is not inected for person, gender or number

The Innitive Absolute is not inected for person, gender or number

except the preposition [

ו

]

(

ו

ָ

ו

) and the interrogative

ֲ

ה

(

א

ֵ

ה

). One

ש ש ב ב ך ך ו ו ר ר ב ב SS tt ee ff ff ee nn HH aa nn JJ aa nn uu aa rr yy 22 00 11 11 rr ee vv ii ss ee dd ..

Side Note

G

enerally,

conventional

approach

to Hebrew grammar utilized the

third person masculine singular Perfect

Tense as the base form for the regular,

strong verb and also the lexicon form

for two-syllable words; the Innitive

Construct is used in the case of single

syllable words, the Hollow verbs and

a few irregular verbs. But this is not a

natural or logical approach to the verb.

The uninected nature of the Innitive is

the natural base form of the verb. As in

the case with the English language: the

Present Tense, the Past Tense, the Past

Participle and the Present Participle,

all

of

these

forms

are

derived

from

the Innitive by adding various verbal

sufxes to the bare Innitive. The Past

Tense of the word “walk” does not come

from “walking” by removing “-ing” and

replacing the three letters with “ed”;

rather the word “walked” is formed by

adding “ed” to the bare innitive “walk”.

By removing the preposition “to” from

the full innitive “to walk”, bare

innitive

is

formed. Other verbal sufxes

would be added to the base, the

would be added to the base, the Innitive,

Innitive,

to install or congure other forms of the

verb as required. A book thus far has

been found, written way back in 1869

by Solomon Deutsch:

A New Practical

Hebrew Grammar

(New York: Leypoldt

& Holt, 1869), which mentioned the

Innitive

Construct

as the

basis for

the

Imperative and Imperfect (p44, p51-52,

p57), but it offered no further investigation

into the vowel system as a default scheme.

Once the student has learned up the

vowels scheme used in Innitives, both

the Innitive Absolute and the Innitive

Construct of the Hebrew language, and

the default vowel patterns (

ם

י

ד

ו

ק

נ

)

of

each derived stems of the verb, he would

he able to manage, use and control other

forms of the H

ebrew verb:

the Imperative,

the

Jussive,

the

Cohortative,

the

Jussive,

the

Cohortative,

the

Imperfect, the Perfect and the Participles.

(5)

unusual example where the Innitive Absolute is used with the article

appears in Numbers 10:39.

6.8

6.8 Since the Innitive Absolute is not inected, there is no paradigm for

Since the Innitive Absolute is not inected, there is no paradigm for

conjugation under the Innitive Absolute apart from the default vowels,

a pair for each

binyan

.

6.9

6.9 The total number of occurrence of the Qal Innitive Absolute in the

The total number of occurrence of the Qal Innitive Absolute in the

ך

”

נ

ת

is slightly more than ve hundred times. Frequency of occurance of a

particular verbal form does not affect its signicance in a langauge.

6.10

6.10 Form and Default Vowels Scheme of the Hebrew Verb

Form and Default Vowels Scheme of the Hebrew Verb

Unlike other languages where vowels are given as part of a word, verbs

and

nouns

nouns alike,

alike,

a

pair

of

xed vowels

xed

vowels

is

is given

given

in

the

Hebrew

Hebrew verb

verb

by default to each verbal mood, forms and tense but not to individual

word and the deuce of vowels would be applicable to the same form of

different verbal root. Therefore, it is necessary to discover and think

of the Hebrew verb in terms of default vowel scheme. Fortunately, in

each derived stem of the verb, there are only ve pairs of these default

vowels, known as the primary default vowel schemes, and four more

known as the secondary default vowel schemes. Each pair, however,

unfolds into seven derived stems but quite similar in form and structure

in the vowels pattern. The default vowel schemes are known by the

vowels used in the name of each derived stem of the verb in the

Innitive Construct, as shown in the following.

םם שש בב ךך  וו רר בב S S t t e e f f f f e e n n H H a a n n J J a a n n u u a a r r y y 2 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 r r e e v v i i s s e e d d . .

Ho

Hoph

ph

al

Hi

Hiph

ph

il

Hi

Hitp

tpa’

a’el

el

Pu

’a

’al

l

Pi

Piel

el

Ni

Niph

ph’a

’al

l

Qa

l

ל

ע

ַ

ע

ַ

ְ

פ

ָ

ה



ל

ִ

י

ע

פ

ְ

ִ

ה

ל

ע

ֵ

ַ

ּ

פ

ְ

ת

ה

ִ

ל

ַ

ע

ּ

פ

ּ

ֻ

ל

ֵ

ע

ּ

ִ

פ

ל

ַ

ע

ַ

ְ

פ

נ

ִ

ל

ַ

ע

ָ

ּ

פ

←

(6)

6.11

6.11 The vowels—a head vowel (in addition to a prosthesis) and a stem

The vowels—a head vowel (in addition to a prosthesis) and a stem

vowel (the pillion vowel)—in each

binyan

would be given by default,

the type and class of these vowels are reected in the name of the

pair of vowels used in each stem, which in turn will determine the

type and category of verbal stem, whether it is Qal Imperfect, or Pi’el

Imperative, and so on, taking note of the presence or absence of

ש

ג

ד

and or weak consonant together with the

א

ו

ש

.

6.12

6.12 Default Vowels for the Qal Innitive Absolute

Default Vowels for the Qal Innitive Absolute

The Innitive Absolute is used alone or absolutely. For the Hebrew

Innitive Absolute in Qal

ן

ָ

י

נ

ְ

ּ

ִ

ב

, the strong verbs as well as the weak

verbs, the default vowels is given a [

ָ

○

○ ָ

] (

ץ

מ

ֶ

מ

ֶ

ָ

ק

: a long vowel), employed

beneath the head, open, simple syllable (

ה

ָ

ט

ּ

ו

ש

ׁ

ּ

ְ

פ

), and the vowel [

ֹ

ו

]

(

א

ֵ

ל

ָ

מ

ם

ל

ֶ

ֹ

ו

ה

:

a

long vowel)

long vowel) is used in

is used in the second

the second (the pillion), mixe

(the pillion), mixed,

d,

stem syllable (

ת

ֶ

ב

ֶ

כ

ֶ

ּ

ְ

ר

מ

ֻ

מ

ֻ

) as the vowels in the sample word:

ר

ׂ

ו

ק

ָ

מ

innfnitive

, except for Hollow Verbs, which are mostly single-syllable

verbs where one of these three: [

ּ

ו

] (

ץ

ּ

ו

ב

ּ

ב

ּ

ק

ֻ

) or [

ֹ

ו

] (

א

ֵ

ל

ֵ

מ

ָ

ם

ָ

ל

ו

ֹ

ו

ֹ

ח

) or [

י

ִ

○

○ ]

]

(

א

ֵ

ל

ָ

מ

ק

י

ר

ִ

י

ִ

ה

), as the case might be, is given as the sole, default vowel

ם ם ש ש ב ב ך ך ו ו ר ר ב ב SS tt ee ff ff ee nn HH aa nn JJ aa nn uu aa rr yy 22 00 11 11 rr ee vv ii ss ee dd ..

Side Note

O

riginally in its written form, the

Hebrew language did not display

vowels. Showing the vowels did not

come about until the later half of the

rst millennium of the Christian Era.

A pair of two vowels is assigned

to each forms of the verb. Diverse

attempts have been made to understand

the mystery underscoring the two

vowels in each form of the verb—the

Innitive Absolute, the Innitive

Construct, the Passive Participle, the

Active Participle and the Perfect—one

distinguish pair of default vowels

assigned to each of these ve primary

forms;

whereas

the

Imperative,

forms;

whereas

the

Imperative,

the Jussive, the Cohortative and

the Imperfect are derived from and

orgainised under the same default

vowels used in the Innitive Construct

of each

binyan

.

As

an

inherent

pair,

the two vowels constitute a default

scheme. View in this way the vowel

scheme in the Hebrew verbs would

be regular, consistent and predictable.

(7)

in monosyllable roots. The deuce of [

ֹ

ו

+

ָ

○

○ ] (

] (

א

ֵ

ל

ָ

מ

ם

ֶ

ל

ֹ

ו

ח

+

ץ

מ

ֶ

ָ

ּ

ק

)

, must be

taken together as a basic unit to be used in the Qal Innitive Absolute.

Whereas the vowel pattern in the Innitive Construct constitutes the

basic vowel pattern for use in the secondary forms, which would

be used in the Imperative, the Jussive,

the Cohotative and the Imperfect Tense,

including the wav consecutive, the

wayyiqtol

and

weqatal

. Othere different

pairs of

default vow

els would

be use

d to

congure other verbal forms, such as the

Participles and the Perfect Tense.

6.13

6.13 The Qal Innitive Absolute:

The Qal Innitive Absolute:

ר

ו

ׂ

ק

ָ

מ

The pair of vowels [

ֹ

ו

+

ָ

○

○ ] (

] (

א

ֵ

ל

ָ

מ

ם

ל

ֶ

ל

ֶ

ֹ

ו

ח

+

ץ

מ

ֶ

מ

ֶ

ָ

ּ

ק

)

is offered by default to set

up the Innitive Absolute of all categories of the Hebrew verb for the

Qal

binyan

, strong as well as weak verbs, dynamic as well as stative

verbs. Thus it could be seen that actually the Qal Innitive Absolute is

the base form of the

Hebrew verb as the

Innitive

Absolute

Innitive

Absolute

would

not

go

would

not

go

through inection of

whatsoever sort. It is

only in the Innitive

Absolute that default

vowel scheme is seen

most stable, consistent.

6.14

6.14 For the Qal

For the Qal

ן

ָ

י

נ

ְ

ּ

ִ

ב

, the default vowel scheme of the Innitive Absolute

changes little even in root with weak consonants; at the most, the stem

vowel [

ֹ

ו

]

(

א

ל

ֵ

ָ

מ

ם

ָ

ל

ו

ֹ

ו

ֹ

ח

) could be written or shortened to [

ֹ

○

○ ]

]

(

ר

ֵ

ס

ָ

ח

ם

ָ

ל

ָ

_ֹ

ח

) in certain cases, as a sample of this:

ה

נ

ֹ

נ

ֹ

ּ

ָ

ב

to build

. The deuce

[

ו

ֹ

ו

ֹ

+

ָ

○

○ ]

]

(

א

ֵ

ל

ָ

מ

ם

ל

ֶ

ל

ֶ

ֹ

ו

ח

+

ץ

מ

ֶ

ּ

ק

ָ

)

is fairly consistent in application throughout

םם שש בב ךך  וו רר בב S S t t e e f f f f e e n n H H a a n n J J a a n n u u a a r r y y 2 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 r r e e v v i i s s e e d d . .

The default vowel scheme in

Qal Innitive Absolute:

ר

ׂ

ו

ק

ָ

מ

[

ו

ֹ

ו

ֹ

+

ָ

○

○ ] (

] (

א

ֵ

ל

ָ

מ

ם

ל

ֶ

ל

ֹ

ו

ח

+

ץ

מ

ֶ

ָ

ּ

ק

)

A sample word:

ל

ֹ

ו

ט

ָ

ק

The Qal Innitive Absolute in

”

פ

verbs

ו

/

י

”

פ

_(irreg)

נ

”

פ

נ

”

פ



ח

/

ע

”

פ



א

”

פ



ל

ק

ׁ

ש

ו

ֹ

ו

ֹ

ר

ָ

י

ַ

ע

ו

ֹ

ו

ֹ

ס

ָ

נ

ק

ֹ

ו

ז

ח

ָ

ח

ָ

ר

ֹ

ו

מ

ָ

א

ל

ו

ֹ

ו

ֹ

ט

ָ

ק

ב

ו

ֹ

ו

ֹ

_ׁ

ש

ָ

י

ן

ֹ

ו

ֹ

ת

ָ

נ

ל

ו

ֹ

פ

ָ

נ

ד

ֹ

ו

מ

ע

ָ

ע

ָ

ל

ֹ

ו

כ

ָ

א

ר

ֹ

ו

ס

ָ

א

(8)

all weak verbs in the Qal

ן

י

נ

ב

, and, in some measures, inlcuding the

Innitive Absolute of Niph’al and Pi’el

binyanim

. There would be no

conjugation or inection is to take place with the use of the Innitive

Absolute.

6.15

6.15 As a general rule, therefore, regardless the nature of the consonantal

As a general rule, therefore, regardless the nature of the consonantal

root, whether consisting or not strong, guttural or weak consonants,

a pair of vowels has been assigned by defaul to the Qal Innitive

Absolute, which would be immutable.

6.16

6.16 A simple comparison of a sample of verbs with weak consonant in the

A simple comparison of a sample of verbs with weak consonant in the

root and with different default vowels would be helpful to get a quick

understanding of the vowel pattern in the Qal Innitive Absolute, and

subsequently, for all other derived stems of the verb. When using the

Innitive Absolute, it is not necessary to adjust the vowels, especially

the

א

ו

ש

at the presence of weak consonant in the verbal root, as there

will be no conjugation or inection to take place with the use of the

Innitive Absolute.

6.17

6.17 Niph’al Innitive Absolute

Niph’al Innitive Absolute

There are two formats of Niph’al Innitive Absolute:

(a) One of which has a [

ְ

נ

]

(

ן

ּ

ו

נ

) as the key or signatory prosthesis

(a syllable combination of consonant (

ן

ּ

ו

נ

) and [

○

○ ְ

ְ

]

(

א

ו

ש

),

which is shortened to [

ִ

○

○ ִ

]

(

ק

י

ִ

י

ִ

ר

ִ

ה

) in compliance with the rule

ם ם ש ש ב ב ך ך ו ו ר ר ב ב SS tt ee ff ff ee nn HH aa nn JJ aa nn uu aa rr yy 22 00 11 11 rr ee vv ii ss ee dd ..

The Qal Innitive Absolute

weak

verbs

Geminate

ע

”

ע

Hollow

ו

/

י

”

ע

ה

”

ל



א

”

ל



ח

/

ע

”

ל

ח

ע

”

/

ע

ל

ק

ם

ו

ֹ

ו

ֹ

מ

ּ

ָ

ת

א

ֹ

ו

ּ

ב

ה

ֹ

נ

ָ

ּ

ב

א

ֹ

ו

צ

ָ

מ

ח

ַ

ח

ַ

ֹ

ו

ֹ

ל

ָ

ש

ָ

ׁ

ש

ר

ֹ

ו

ח

ב

ָ

ּ

ָ

ל

ֹ

ו

ט

ָ

ק

ב

ֹ

ו

ֹ

ב

ס

ָ

ם

ֹ

ו

_ׂ

ש

ם

ֹ

ו

ק

(9)

for contiguous

ם

י

א

ו

ש

when

it is prexed to the verbal

root. The prosthesis would

be prexed to the root as a

single unit, used to enhance

the verve or quality of the

verb. This form of the

Niph’al could be given a

name: Niph’al (a) as a matter of convenience, which is used only

as the Niph’al Innitive Absolute. With a change of the pillion

vowel, it forms the base unit to congure the Niph’al Passive

Participle and the Niph’al Perfect.

(b) The second format, in addition to the [

ְ

נ

]

(

ן

ּ

ו

נ

), has a prosthesis

[

ְ

ה

] a syllable combination of consonant

ה

(

א

ֵ

ה

) with [

ְ

○

○ ]

]

(

א

ו

ש

)

and the two becomes a unit of

ן

ִ

ה

, where the rst of two

contiguous

ם

י

א

ו

ש

is reduced to [

○

○ ִ

ִ

]

(

ק

י

ִ

ר

ִ

ה

) as required by the

rule for contiguous

ם

י

א

ו

ש

and the consonant [

נ

ְ

נ

ְ

]

(

ן

ּ

ו

נ

) would be

assimilated into the head consonant of the verbal root, displaying

one

ש

ג

ד

in the head consonant of the root. This situation is

somewhat like having double prostheses merged into one. Shall

we call this Niph’al (b)! The assimilation of the prosthetic [

ְ

נ

]

(

ן

ּ

ו

נ

) into rst consonant of the

ש

ר

ו

ש

virtually forced the head

syllable of the root which dangled the [

ָ

○

○ ] (

] (

ץ

מ

ק

) to remain open,

as the vowels in the sample word:

ל

ַ

ט

ק

ָ

ּ

ִ

ה

. When the consonant

(the head consonant of the

ש

ר

ו

ש

) next to the [

נ

ְ

] (

ן

ּ

ו

נ

) happens to

be a laryngeal (

ר

ע

ח

ה

א

) or one that resists doubling of the

ש

ג

ד

,

no assimilation of [

ְ

נ

]

(

ן

ּ

ו

נ

) would take place. The [

ָ

○

○ ]

]

(

ץ

מ

ק

)

in

a way

is closely

related to

the

Qal Innitive

Absolute and

the

Niph’al is a member of the Simple

binyan

.

(c) Some Hebrew grammar textbookk would list only the Niph’al (b)

as the Niph’al Innitive Absolute.

6.18

6.18 Innitive Absolute of the Intensive Stems: Pi’el and Pu’al

Innitive Absolute of the Intensive Stems: Pi’el and Pu’al

For practical purpose, there are three

ם

י

ִ

נ

י

ָ

ְ

נ

ִ

ּ

ב

grouped under the Intensive

stem: the Pi’el, Pu’al and the Hithpa’el (the Reexive stem).

שש בב ךך  וו רר בב S S t t e e f f f f e e n n H H a a n n J J a a n n u u a a r r y y 2 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 r r e e v v i i s s e e d d . .