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C CEENNTTRRAALLSSIILLKKBBOOAARRDD B BAANNGGAALLOORREE––556600006688 18th March 2013S
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INTRODUCTION:
Silk is the most elegant textile in the world with unparalleled grandeur, natural sheen, and
inherent affinity for dyes, high absorbance, light weight, soft touch and high durability and
known as the “Queen of Textiles” the world over. On the other hand, it stands for
livelihood opportunity for millions owing to high employment oriented, low capital
intensive and remunerative nature of its production. The very nature of this industry with
its rural based on-farm and off-farm activities and enormous employment generation
potential has attracted the attention of the planners and policy makers to recognize the
industry among one of the most appropriate avenues for socio-economic development of
a largely agrarian economy like India.
Silk has been intermingled with the life and culture of the Indians. India has a rich and
complex history in silk production and its silk trade dates back to 15
thcentury. Sericulture
industry provides employment to approximately 7.56 million persons in rural and semi-urban
areas in India. Of these, a sizeable number of workers belongs to the economically weaker
sections of society, including women. India’s traditional and culture bound domestic market
and an amazing diversity of silk garments that reflect geographic specificity have helped the
country to achieve a leading position in silk industry. India has the unique distinction of being
the only country producing all the five known commercial silks, namely, mulberry, tropical
tasar, oak tasar, eri and muga, of which muga with its golden yellow glitter is unique and
prerogative of India.
WORLD RAW SILK PRODUCTION:
Silk Production in M.Ts Country/Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 China 108420 98620 104000 115000 104000 India 18320 18370 19690 20410 23060 Japan 105 95 90 53 44 Brazil 1220 1177 811 770 558 Korea Republic 150 135 135 135 135 Uzbekistan 950 865 750 2448 2448 Thailand 760 1100 665 655 655 Vietnam 750 680 550 550 550 Others 500 350 304 30 28.5 Total 131175 121392 126995 140051 131479
Note: Figures of India is for financial year April to March Source :ISC web-site update as on July,2011
As may be seen from the above world raw silk production was about 1, 31,479 MT in
2011. China leads the world with silk production of 1, 04,000 MT or 79.1% of the
produce. India is the second largest producer of silk in the world and has 17.5% share
in global raw silk production. All the countries except China and India have been
witnessing a declining trend in raw silk production in the last two decades.
PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION OF RAW SILK:
Production of raw silk in India was 23,060 MT in 2011-12, of which, mulberry raw silk
output aggregated to 18,272 MT (79.24%). The remaining 4,788 MT (20.76%) was
Vanya
silks. Mulberry sericulture is mainly practiced in five states namely, Karnataka,
Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu and Jammu & Kashmir jointly account for
about 97% of the total mulberry silk production in the country.
India is the largest consumer of raw silk in the world. As the consumption of raw silk
(around 28,733 MT) exceeds the production, the additional requirement of around
5,700 MT of silk (particularly bivoltine mulberry silk of international quality) is imported
mainly from China.
PRODUCTIVITY OF RAW SILK:
As may be seen from the table below, area under sericulture has increased to 1,81,089 Ha
in 2011-12 compared to 1,70,314 Ha in 2010-11. Year-wise incremental in the mulberry
area during XI Plan is marginal, which is due to rapid urbanization in the sericulture belts,
increase in input costs, labour problems, drought in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka, and
frequent price fluctuations. Though the area under sericulture has fallen significantly, the
productivity levels in mulberry cocoon as well as in raw silk have been steadily improving.
The main reasons behind increase in productivity are adoption of higher leaf yielding
mulberry varieties, improved silkworm hybrids and better technologies in silkworm rearing
and silk reeling. Details of mulberry and Vanya raw silk production along with mulberry
productivity during XI plan is given below.
Production (mulberry) Productivity of mulberry raw silk (kg/ha) Year Plantation Mulberry
(Ha) Cocoon (MT) Raw Silk (MT Vanya Raw Silk (MT) Total Raw Silk (MT
Cocoon Raw silk 2007-08 184928 132038 16245 2075 18320 713.99 87.84 2008-09 177943 124838 15610 2760 18370 701.56 87.73 2009-10 183773 131661 16322 3368 19690 716.43 88.82 2010-11 170314 130714 16360 4050 20410 767.49 90.20 2011-12 181089 139871 18272 4788 23060 772.39 93.00 2012-13* 191903 112500 13991 3895 17887 - -
*Provisional April to January-2013)
During 2012-13 (April- Jan’13), raw silk production in the country was 17,887 MTcompared to 17,483 MT in 2011-12 with a increase of 2.3% The mulberry raw silk production in the country was 13,991 MT in 2012-13 compared to 14,153 MT in 2011-12 with a decrease of 1.1%. However, there was significant increase in Vanya production in the country during April–Jan’13, when compared to 2011-12.The % of increase in Vanya production was around 17%.
RAW SILK IMPORTS:
The quantity and value of raw silk imported during XI Plan is given below:
Year Quantity (MT) Value (Rs.In Crores) 2007-08 7922 734.44 2008-09 8392 903.06 2009-10 7338 933.70 2010-11 5820 927.59 2011-12 5683 1111.53 2012-13 *P 3854 952.08
Source: DGCIS, Kolkata
*April to December -2012 P-provisional EXPORTS:
During 2010-11, export earnings have reached to Rs 2863.76 crore and indicated a marginal decrease of 1 % compared to export s of Rs 2892.44 crore during 2009-10. However, during 2011-12, export earnings have reached to Rs. 2353.33 crore and indicated a decrease of 17.82 % compared to 2010-11.
Due to global recession, economic melt down, weakening of Indian Rupee against US $ (which makes import of raw silk expensive), higher production cost (due to increase in input costs) and tough competition from China have affected the export earnings during last three years. As a result there was a slump in silk goods exports to top destination viz., USA and Europe Region from 2007-08 onwards.
The provisional export of Rs.1663.67crore was achieved during April- December period of the year 2012-13 as compared to corresponding period of the year 2011-12 which was Rs 1683.21 crore.
PERFORMANCE OF SERICULTURE SECTOR DURING XI PLAN:
Particulars 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12(p) 2012-13 * P
Mulberry Plantation
Area (Lakh Ha) 1.85 1.78 1.84 1.70 1.81 1.92
Production of Raw Silk (in MTs) Mulberry Bivoltine 1,175 1,250 1,200 1,400 1,685 1,300 Crossbreed 15,070 14,360 15,122 14,960 16,587 1,2691 Total (Mulberry) 16,245 15,610 16,322 16,360 18,272 1,3991 Vanya Silk Tasar 428 603 803 1,166 1,590 1,469 Eri 1,530 2,038 2,460 2,760 3,072 2,320 Muga 117 119 105 124 126 106 Total (Vanya) 2,075 2,760 3,368 4,050 4,788 3,895
Total raw silk Prodn.
(
mulb+vanya) 18,320 18,370 19,690 20,410 23,060 17,887Employment Generation
(lakh persons) 61.20 63.10 68.17 72.50 75.60 -
EMPLOYMENT GENERATION:
In the year 2011-12 it is provisionally estimated that employment generation in the country is raised to 7.56 million persons compared to 7.25 million persons in 2010-11, indicating a growth of 4.3 %.
ANTI DUMPING DUTY ON RAW SILK & SILK FABRICS:
Raw Silk: During the year 2001-02 there was large scale dumping of Chinese Raw silk into the country de-stabilizing the Indian silk Industry. In order to safeguard the interest of the domestic silk industry against the cheap imports, a petition was filed by CSB with Directorate General of Antidumping & Allied Duties(DGAD). The petition was filed on behalf of various silk reelers Associations along with the State Governments of Karnataka, Andhra Pardesh & Tamilnadu for imposition of antidumping duty on raw silk imported from China P.R. Considering the merits of the case, the antidumping duty was imposed during January,2003 (for a period of 5 years) on raw silk of 2A grade & below imported from China on the cheap imports with a reference price of US$27.27/kg. The antidumping duty so imposed was in force until Jan-2008. Subsequently, a sunset review has been taken up for continuation of anti dumping duty on import of raw silk. Accordingly, antidumping duty has been further continued with an enhanced reference price of US$ 37.32 per Kg. and the same will be effective till January-2014.
Silk Fabrics:
During the year 2002-03, it has also been brought to the notice of the Central Silk Board that a large scale dumping of silk fabrics was taken place from China PR creating a situation wherein, large number of powerloom silk weavers of Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat were displaced since they had to shut their looms. These goods were being dumped by the Chinese exporters. Central Silk Board in associations with the various silk Powerloom Weavers’ Associations situated in Karnataka, Gujarat & Uttar Pradesh field a petition with the Director General of Antidumping & Allied Duties (DGAD), Ministry of Commerce(GOI) during September 2004.
After investigations the DGAD, vide GOI Gazette Notification No.256. dated 16th November-2006 has imposed antidumping duty on silk fabrics (20-100
gms) imported from China P.R. The final duty has been imposed taking into consideration the dumping margin range from 42% to 77%. The reference price-range on the fabric weight ranging from 20 to 100 Gms.per meter indicating a reference price ranging between US$1.662 and US$ 4.526 per meter. Any silk fabric imported from China R P below these reference prices attracted Antidumping Duty. The duty so imposed was in force till Dec-2011. Further, based on the request of the CSB & the domestic power loom silk weaving industry a sunset review application for continued imposition of antidumping duty for another term of 5 years was filed. Considering this, The Directorate General of Antidumping & Allied Duties (DGAD) had extended the
imposition of antidumping duty for another term of 5 years till December-2016.
Increase in basic Custom Duty on silk imports:
The Govt. of India during its Budget announcement for 2013-14 has announced increase in the basic custom duty on silk imports from the existing level of 5% to 15% in order to help the silk industry. Earlier during 2011 the Govt. has reduced the custom duty on silk imports from 30% to only 5%, due to which the price of cocoon and raw silk came down drastically. Now the prices have improved and this is seen as a welcome measure for sericulture farmers.
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT:
The Central Silk Board has a network of Research and Development Institutes with a network of Regional Sericulture Research Stations and Research Extension Centers throughout the Country to provide necessary research and development support to the Industry. The technology developed by R&D Institutes of CSB have been popularized among the farmers to maximize yield and returns which in turn in bringing out vertical growth of the Industry.
Due to R&D intervention the raw silk productivity has increased from 87.84 kg/ha (2007-08) to 90.90 kg/ha (2011-12), Renditta ( Nos. of kg of cocoons required to produce 1 kg silk) has reduced from 8.13 (2007-08) to 7.66 (2011-12). Mulberry varieties authorized: During XI Plan
Victory-1(V1) & ANANTA- South Zone, VISHALA for all over India: Silkworm Hybrid authorized: During XI Plan
Bivoltine Hybrids
Sl.
No. Hybrid
Progenitor Date of
Auth’n States/ Regions/ zones
Yield/100 dfls(kg) 1 Dun17 x Dun18 RSRS, Sahaspur 16/04/
2010
Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka West Bengal (Hills) Assam
68-70 2 GEN3 x GEN2 CSR&TI, Mysore 16/04/
2010
Andhra Pradesh, TN, WB (Hills), Assam, Kashmir Valley
65-70 3 CSR 46 x CSR47 CSR&TI, Mysore 16/04/
2010
Utharakhand, Himachal Pradesh, UP, Karnataka, Andhra
Pradesh,TN, Orissa, WB (Hills), Assam, Mizoram
65-70
4 SLD4 x SLD8 SSBS, Coonoor, TN 16/04/ 2010
Karnataka,Andhra Pradesh, TN (Hills), WB(Hills), Assam, Mizoram, Kashmir Valley
65-70
4 APS 45 x APS12 APSSRDI, Hindupur 16/04/ 2010
TN (Hills), Jammu Region 64-70 5 APS105 x APS 126 APSSRDI, Hindupur 16/04/
2010
Andhra Pradesh, TN (Hills), WB (Hills)
60-70 6 KSO1x NP4 KSSRDI, Bangalore 16/04/
2010
Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu Region
60-70 7 NK2 x NP4 KSSRDI, Bangalore 16/04/
2010
Multivoltine X Bivoltine Sl. No Hybrid Progenitor Date of Authorizatio n
States/ Regions/ zones
Yield/100 Dfls)(kg) 1 PM x CSR2(SL) CSR&TI, Mysore 16/04/ 2010
UP, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, TN(Plains), WB(Plains), Assam, Jharkhand, Manipur 55-60 2 Mcon1 x Bcon4 CSR&TI, Berhampore 16/04/ 2010 Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, WB (Plains), TN (Plains), Jharkhand 45 3 Mcon4 x Bcon4 CSR&TI, Berhampore 16/04/ 2010 WB(Plains), Orissa, Jharkhand, Assam 50 4 APM3 x APS12 APSSRDI, Hindupur 16/04/ 2010 UP, Karnataka, WB, Jharkhand, 66-70 5 APM2 x APDR105 APSSRDI, Hindupur 16/04/ 2010
UP, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, TN, WB Plains 55-60 6 APDR15 x APDR115 APSSRDI, Hindupur 16/04/ 2010 Karnataka, WB Plains, Jharkhand, 60-65 7 MH1 x CSR2 KSSRDI, Bangalore 16/04/ 2010
UP, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, TN(Plains), WB, Orissa, Assam
60-65
Multivoltine Mulberry Silkworm Hybrids
Sl.
No Hybrid
Progenitor Date of Authorizatio
n
States/ Regions/ zones
Yield/ 100 dfls (Kg) 3 Mcon1x Mcon4 CSR&TI, Berhampore 16/04/ 2010 Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, TN, WB 35-40 4 N x Mcon4 CSR&TI, Berhampore 16/04/ 2010 Andhra Pradesh, TN (Plains), WB 35-40 5 PM x C110 KSSRDI Bangalore 16/04/ 2010 WB 40-45
Activities of Central Silk Board Financial Progress:
The Table below indicates the financial performance of the Central Sector and Centrally sponsored Plan Programmes implemented by Central Silk Board during X, XI and during the First year of XII Plan.
(Rs. in crores)
Achievement during # Particulars
X Plan XI Plan XII Plan 1 Outlay 526.99 1059.40 1269.00 2 Expenditure 534.95 1059.40 233.06 3 Achievement (%) 101.51 100 % 18.4 %
The table below indicates year-wise financial performance of the Central Silk Board during the XI Plan and XII plan (April 2012 to February 2013 ).
(Rs. in crores)
XI Plan XII Plan
BUDGET HEADS Allocation Expenditure 2012-13 Allocation 2012-13 Expenditure (Apr to Feb 2013) Non PLAN Administrative Expenses of
Central Silk Board
831.90 831.90 190.50 233.23 Development of Silk Industry 77.95 77.95 19.00 19.00 Total 909.85 909.85 209.50 252.23 PLAN Administrative Expenses of
Central Silk Board
118.00 118.00 41.71 37.15 Development of Silk Industry/CDP 670.00 670.00 142.40 132.11 Projects/Schemes of North-Eastern States 271.40 271.40 73.89 63.80 Total 1059.40 1059.40 258.00 233.06 Grand Total 1969.25 1969.25 467.50 485.29 PLAN PROGRAMMES:
Financial Allocation and Expenditure incurred by CSB towards implementation of major Schemes and Programmes of CSB during the XII Plan are given below:
(Rs. in crores) # Programmes of CSB XI Plan Allocation 2007 to 2012 XI Plan Expenditure 2007 to 2012 2012-13 Allocation 2012-13* Expenditure (Apr-Feb,13) 1 Research, Development, Training & I T Initiatives 144.55 144.6 35.64 19.26 2 Seed Organisation/HRD 78.36 78.31 17.42 16.88 3 Quality Certification System 14.75 14.75 3.05 3.05 4 Catalytic Development Programme (CDP) 821.74 821.74 201.89 193.87 Grand Total 1059.40 1059.40 258.00 233.06 *Provisional Expd.
Physical progress of R &D institutes of CSB:
The main Research & Training Institute of CSB provides R&D and Training support for the development of sericulture. The Institutes at Mysore (Karnataka) Berhampore (West Bengal) and Pampore (J&K) deals with mulberry sericulture whereas CTR&TI, Ranchi (Jharkhand) deals with Tasar culture. The institute established at Ladoigarh, Jorhat (Assam) deals with Muga and Eri-culture. Regional Sericulture Research Station (RSRS / RTRS) for mulberry and non mulberry has been functioning for the dissemination of research findings and for tackling the regional field issues of the industry. Besides, a network of Research Extension Centres (RECs) & its sub units for mulberry and non mulberry are also functioning to provide extension support to sericulturists. In order to provide R&D support in post cocoon sector, the Board has established Central Silk Technological Research Institute (CSTRI) at Bangalore. In addition, the CSB has also set up a Silkworm Seed Technology Laboratory, (SSTL) at Bangalore (Karnataka), Central Sericultural Germplasm Resources Centre (CSGRC) at Hosur (Tamil Nadu) and Seri-Biotech Research Laboratory (SBRL) at Bangalore. During XI Plan 120 technologies were developed and out of that 60 technologies were disseminated, 36 technologies were commercialized and 10 technologies were patented and 10959 extension programmes were organized.
HIGHLIGHTS DURING 2012-13 (XII Plan )
During 2012-13, 53 Research projects are continued, 29 new Research projects have been initiated and 18 research projects were concluded till Feburary-2013 resulting in dissemination of 7 viable technologies, out of that 3 have been filed for patenting. The major achievements are as follows -
• Development and popularization of high yielding superior quality leaf producing mulberry varieties like, V-1, S-36, S-13 and a few varieties for sub-optimal conditions like RC1, RC2 and Sahana for intercropping with coconut plantation.
• Development of improved mulberry cultivation package based on Indo-Japanese paired row system and supported by efficient disease and pest management products and growth promoting products like Chetak, Navinya, etc.
• Developed INM & IPM packages based on biological inputs to maintain soil health and manage the pest menace in mulberry without much use of chemicals.
• Development of a good number of improved bivoltine and multivoltine silkworm hybrids like CSR2 x CSR4, CSR2 x CSR5, CSR18 x CSR19 and double hybrids ((CSR6 x CSR26) x (CSR2 x CSR27)) besides a very robust and high yielding multi x bi hybrid, PM x CSR2 which is very popular among the farmers.
• Developed complete package of practices for tropical bivoltine silkworm rearing technology including effective disinfectants like Sanitech, Vijetha, Amruth, Asthra, etc. and also developed separate rearing house models. • Developed Commercial Chawki Rearing Technology with 32 crop schedule
• Developed IPM package for management of pests of mulberry like tukra, leaf roller and papaya mealy bug and uzifly in silkworm.
• The technologies developed were demonstrated and popularized successfully through major ToT programmes like PEBS (JICA), IVLP and recently CPP which covered more than 10,000 farmers with distribution of more than 1.5 crore dfls and recording over 63 kg per 100 DFLs bivoltine cocoon yield which was about 30% improvement over the bench mark yield.
• High yielding and early sprouting mulberry varieties were selected and its performance was evaluated.
• Unified package of practices for mulberry was developed. Gosheorami was found to be the best suitable variety (22823kgs/ha/year) and popularized in the field under temperate climate.
• With the introduction of the new mulberry varieties and silkworm hybrids, the national average of raw silk productivity touched 90 kg/ha/year.
• Succeeded in developing a long term preservation schedule (up to 50 days) for the multivoltine x bivoltine seed (PM x CSR2).
• Tetraploid genotype of Terminalia arjuna was developed. Ten superior accessions of T arjuna (6) and T. tomentosa (4) were isolated as superior variety and its large scale multiplication has been conducted at field level. • Protocol for vegetative propagation of host plants through cuttings has
been developed. The protocol enables raising of plantlets from stem cuttings with a success rate of about 80%.
• Leaf yield increasing nutrient, secondary nutrient combination (SM5) were developed. The combination of SM5 increased the quality leaf yield
by 27.45% in T.arjuna and 26.55% in T.tomentosa with significant improvement in cocoon characters.
• Integrated farming system were developed and net income from the system ranges from Rs.23, 000 to 41,000/ha with additional income of Rs.4000-18000/- per hectare from intercropping of the leguminous crops. • Semi-synthetic diet for young age rearing (Tasar Amrith) was
developed. Chawki worms were reared in indoor condition.
• Botanical formulation- Jeevan Sudha was developed. It reduced the tasar silkworm virosis by 36.54% under outdoor rearing with improvement of cocoon yield by 10-12 cocoons/dfl.
• New eco-friendly disinfectant consisting of Tri sodium orthophosphate, Urea and Slaked lime (2:1:1) was developed.
• Twin Charkha was utilized for dry reeling as well as wet reeling of tasar cocoons and also used as re-reeling. Its production capacity is around 1 kg per day of fine raw silk (60/70 denier) by working of 3 persons and silk recovery is 62%. The income per person per day can be increased up to Rs.154.
• Organic manure based farming system for muga host plant has been developed which is cost effective technology with a cost benefit ratio of 1: 1.63.
• Phyto-blighton has been evolved for management of leaf blight disease of Soalu.
• Muga seed cocoons preservation technique (up to 42 days during summer and up to 62 days during winter) has been developed.
• Hormonal regulation technology for muga silkworm has been developed to increase in fecundity.
• A tetraploid variety of Som has been evolved through polyploidy that is superior in terms of nutritional and rearing performance than diploid variety.
• Characterized 26 eco-races of eri silkworm based on descriptor. Compiled and published a monograph as documentation. The Eri Host Germplasm is maintained at CMER&TI, GCC, Chenijan and RERS, Mendipathar.
• Designed multi-end reeling machines capable of producing raw silk of 2A grade and above.
• Designed and developed automatic conveyor cooking machine for medium scale reeling establishments.
• Designed and developed dupion silk reeling machine to produce superior grade dupion silk.
• Process for eri mill spinning was standardized.
• Designed and developed improved silk handloom, Ball to Beam warping machine, Hank to pirn winder for handloom sector.
• Tasar silk wet reeling package was developed.
• A technique for development of fancy yarns from Spun silk was developed. • Low cost 10 basin multiend reeling machine with 8 ends / basin has been
developed for mulberry silk reeling.
• Introduced solar water heating system along with mini boiler for cooking and reeling for multi-end reeling unit.
• Eight ends multiend reeling unit suitable for tasar and muga cocoon reeling with individual break stop motion capable of producing superior quality yarn with higher productivity has been developed.
• A low cost solar operated spinning machine suitable for spinning all types of non-mulberry wastes and also mulberry waste into good quality yarn with higher productivity has been developed.
• A twin shuttle loom has been designed and developed specifically for the requirement of North Eastern states to weave simultaneously two narrow width fabrics.
L14 x CSR2: An improved Cross Breed with superior quality
L14 x CSR2, is a Multi x Bivoltine hybrid developed by CSR&TI, Mysore. This silkworm hybrid has 96.0% pupation, 1.971g cocoon weight, 21.5 SR%, 1008 m filament length, 16.58 raw silk percentage, 91p neatness, 89 (strokes) cohesion, 1.45 size deviation, 99% neatness, 22% elongation, and is capable of producing 2A-3A gradable silk. Laboratory test showed that it has the yield potential of 78.6 kg cocoons/100 dfls. Based on these observations, the Hybrid Authorization Committee meeting held on 22.12.2011 accepted it for large scale pre-authorization field trial.by rearing at least 5.00 lakhs DFLs,.
Field trial
Nearly 3.0 lakh DFLss were distributed to the farmers in the states of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra. The results revealed that the cocoon yield varied from 50-70kg/100dfls. Cocoons reeled in ARM at Chennapatana produced 3A grade silk while the same at Ramanagara was graded as 2 A. The field trail is still under progress.
Advantages of New improved Cross breed
The superiority of the breed over the existing commercially popular cross breed PM X CSR2 lies in quantitative traits like higher Cocoon weight, shell weight, shell ratio % and as well superior in qualitative characters like Neatness, size deviation tenacity, cohesion and elongation This newly developed hybrid is superior in terms of economic traits over all the existing cross breeds and having the capacity to produce 2A -3A grade Silk Average cocoon yield ranges from 50 to 60kgs /100DFls .Considering its advantage over the reelable parameters it is most appreciable that L14 X CSR2 cocoons can be reeled on Automatic reeling machine and the silk can be used as both warp and weft and this could be the first improved cross breed capable of producing gradable quality silk and fetching higher income from silk marketing @ Rs.500/kg which is more in comparison with the presently popular cross breed PM X CSR2
Salient Features of L14x CSR2 at a glance:
Robust, productive, and characterized by superior fiber quality Shorter larval duration by one day compared to PMX CSR2 High Cocoon weight Shell weight Shell ratio and Floss content High Raw silk recovery rate
Good Tenacity, elongation and cohesion suitable for reeling in Automatic reeling Machine to produce high quality gradable Silk ( 2A- 3A standard )
L14 x CSR2
IT Initiatives: Under the IT initiatives, CSB concentrated on software development using
contemporary technologies and networking of various cocoon and silk markets with free flow of information on the availability of raw material, market trend etc.. CSB has hosted new website (www.csb.gov.in) with the details of its activities, organization setup, status of silk industry etc., with facilities for web enabled email. Information required for the traders, buyers, stake holders etc. will be hosted on the website, besides improving the interactive interface of the website. Seri Information Kiosks have been installed in cocoon markets, CSB and DOS Office which provides basic information relating to sericulture and market rates of cocoon, silk etc.
TRAINING
The Research Institutes of the Central Silk Board provide training to the in-service Technical personnel of the Departments of Sericulture, Entrepreneurs and Stake holders of the Industry. Details of number of persons trained by the R & D Units of CSB during the XI Plan (2007-2012) and first year (2012-13) of XII Plan are given below:
(No.of persons trained)
# Particulars XI Plan (2007-2012) XII Plan 2012-13* (April-Feb’13) 1 Structured Course 183 48 2 Capsule Course 4,067 616 3 Adhoc Training (farmers/skilled) 26076 3535 4 Skill Devlpmnt. 396 726 Total 30722 4925 * provisional
Details of number of persons trained by the EDP Cell of CSB during the XI Plan (2007-2012) and first year (2012-13) of XII Plan are given below:
(No.of persons trained)
# Particulars XI Plan (2007-2012) XII Plan 2012-13 ( April-Feb’13)p 1 Entrepreneurship Development Programme 121 - 2 Technology Upgradation Programme 1020 573 3 Resource Development Programme 795 222 4 Management Development Programme 850 121 Total 2786 916 P; provisional
Application of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) in Sericulture:
In order to map and identify additional potential areas for development of food plants for mulberry and Vanya sericulture in different states and to carryout an appraisal survey to evaluate the progress of sericulture development in few selected areas using remote sensing technology. The project is being implemented in collaboration with the NESAC, during the XI Plan (2007-12) covering all the states, involving a total cost of Rs.2.50 crores.
SEED SUPPORT
CSB has the responsibility for supply of Basic Seed material of (both silkworm and its host food plants) required for further multiplication besides undertaking production of quality silkworm seed (F1) to supplement the efforts of the concerned state sericulture departments as a quality leader to a limited extent. Under this programme technical assistance and field level training are also provided to the farmers by the Grainage extension centers. The CSB has a chain of Basic Seed Farms supplying basic seeds to the States. Its commercial seed production centers augment efforts of the States in supplying commercial silkworm seed to farmers. CSB’s commercial seed production involvement is about 8 percent of the country’s current estimated absorption. The Table below indicates total seed production during the concluding year 2011-12 of XI plan period and during the CFY 2012-13 (till Feb-2013):
(Unit: Lakh dfls) Particulars Actuals 2011-12 2012-13 Target Achmnt. 2012-13 (April - Feb’13) Mulberry 321.54 325.00 250.91 Tasar 35.08 33.13 39.11 Oak Tasar 1.36 0.67 0.61 Muga 2.52 5.02 4.70 Eri 3.17 3.39 4.04 Total 363.57 367.21 299.37 Market Support:
Tasar Raw Material Bank, Chaibasa:
A Raw Material Bank for Tasar is functioning at Chiabasa (Jharkhand) along with 4 Sub-depots, one each at Raigarh (Chhattisgarh), Bhagalpur (Bihar), Warangal (A.P) and Bhandara (Maharashtra). The primary objective of RMB is to ensure economic and fair price to the primary tasar growers. The details of procurement and sale of tasar cocoons made by RMB, Chaibasa and its sub-depots during the XI Plan and during the first year (2012-13) of XII Plan are given below:
( Unit: Qty.in lakh Nos. & Value in Lakh Rs.)
Procurement Sale
Year
Qty. Value Qty. Value
XI Plan
(2007-12) 824.65 543.75 793.07 576.80 2012-13* 224.23 157.81 207.29 147.69
Muga Raw Material Bank, Sibsagar:
A Muga Raw Material Bank is functioning at Sibsagar in Assam with 3 Sub-Depots, at Dhakukhana, Sualkuchi (Assam) and Coochbehar (W.B) with the objective of ensuring economic and fair price to the actual muga cocoon producers. The details of purchase and sale of muga cocoons made by MRMB, Sibsagar and its Sub-Depots during the XI Plan and during the first year (2012-13) of XII Plan are given below:
(Unit: Qty.in lakh Nos. & Value in Lakh Rs.)
Procurement Sale
Year Qty. Value Qty. Value
XI Plan
(2007-12) 20.047 16.527 23.997 18.523 2012-13* 4.47 6.33 4.26 6.37 * April’12 to February 2013
Quality Certification System:
Central Silk Board is popularizing “Silk Mark”, for purity of silk products through Silk Mark Organization of India (SMOI). Silk Mark is an assurance label, Silk Mark protects the interests of consumers who are being cheated by traders by selling spurious products in the name of silk. The progress achieved under the Silk Mark Scheme during the XI Plan and during the first year (2012-13) of XII Plan are given below:
XII Plan 2012-13
Particulars XI Plan
(2007-2012)
Target (till Feb’13 )Achmnt. Total No. of Members
enrolled 1418 250 222
Total No. of Labels sold 116.00 25.00 23.63 Awareness Programmes
Exhibition/Fairs/ Workshop/Road shows
1745 300 342
CATALYTIC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (CDP)
CDP objectives were mainly to bestow special attention for value addition to the sericulture industry in the country to meet shortfall in infrastructure and skilled manpower requirement in the various stages of the production chain (capacity building) through private entrepreneurship or State or NGO/SHG participation in plantation development & maintenance, seed production, rearing facilities, cocoon marketing, cocoon reeling facilities, yarn processing, product diversification, training facilities, quality support etc.
CDP is the foremost programme of the Govt. of India for the development of Sericulture in India. The Table below indicates the financial performance of CDP during the XI plan and first year (2012-13) of the XII Plan:
(Rs. in crores) Plan / Year No. of Schemes Outlay Expenditure Achmnt
% XI PLAN 5 packages 821.74 821.74 100 % XII PLAN (2012-13 5 Packages 201.89 193.88 April-Feb’-13 92.85%
Catalytic Development Programme is being continued during the XII Plan also with certain modifications along with new initiatives. CDP is presently implemented on a Project mode in the form of different packages mainly under 3 sectors viz. Seed, Cocoon and Post-cocoon sectors, supported by the Support Service Sector, in order to benefit all categories of beneficiaries like farmers, reelers & weavers and also to support achieving the targets & objectives of the XI Plan. These components under CDP are beneficial for both existing and new farmers for practicing sericulture.
Major Achievements made under CDP during the XI Plan (2007-2012) and during the first year (2012-13) of the XII Plan period are given below:
# Components (2007-2012) XI Plan During 2011-12 Achievements XII Plan 2012-13 (April-Feb’13) 1 Development of Mulberry Plantation (Ha) 71,468 41,153 14,626 2 Irrigation for Mulberry (Ha) 25,058 5,331 3,511 3 Mulberry Rearing houses (Nos) 61,541 14,762 9,281
4 Chawkie Rearing Centres (Nos) 484 186 64
5 Rearing equipments ( Farmers) 68,137 18,593 20,674 6 Tasar plantation maintenance (Ha.) 20,441 2,947 4,160
7 Tasar seed rearers (Nos) 11, 722 3,593 2151
8 Support to Tasar graineurs (Nos) 4,676 2,267 549 9 Construction of Cocoon Storage Houses (Nos) 1,649 659 201
10 Eri host plantation (Ha) 5,496 1,754 1,322
11 Construction of Eri Rearing House (Nos) 23,584 7,210 3,828 12 Muga food plantation (Ha) 4,488 1,222 1,093 13 Support for Muga Graineurs (Nos) 1,431 408 199 14 Automatic Silk Reeling Machines (Nos) 8 3 1 15 Multiend Silk Reeling Machines (Nos) 217 22 6 16 Cottage basin reeling units (Nos) 119 22 38
17 Hot air drying chambers (Nos) 452 114 96
18 Vanya reeling/Spinng. Devices (Nos) 9,776 1,594 945 19 Promotion of improved Handlooms (Nos) 5,696 2340 373
Establishment of Automatic Reeling Units in Karnataka, A.P. & T.N.
Ten (10) Automatic Reeling Machines (ARMs) have been sanctioned during X and XI Plan periods; 5 for Karnataka, 2 for Andhra Pradesh & 3 for Tamilnadu.
Out of these 10 ARMs, Six have already been established till the end of XI Plan at the following locations of Karnataka, AP & TN. The establishment of remaining four units is under progress
State No. of Units Location of ARM units installed
Karnataka 2 Units Ramanagaram & Channapatna Andhra Pradesh 2 Units Janagaon & Hindupur
Tamilnadu 2 Units Gobichettypalyam & Avinashi
Further two more ARM units have been sanctioned by the AMC for Karnataka during the CFY 2012-13 under CDP of XII. The locations are being finalized.
SPECIAL PROJECTS:
Assistance to NGOs: The Central Silk Board is implementing integrated sericulture development projects in different states in collaboration with the State Sericulture Departments and the NGOs. The CSB is also implementing few special SGSY projects for sericulture development by availing the funds from the Rural Development Departments. During the XI Plan, the Central Silk Board has provided financial assistance to the following four NGOs, under centrally sponsored Catalytic Development Programme (CDP) implemented during XI Plan (2007-12).
1. M/s. Arpita Grameen Vikas Sansthan,
Kanpur in Uttar Pradesh for development of eri culture in three districts of Hamirpur, Jalaun and Chitrakoot.
2. M/s. Appropriate Technology of India (ATI)
Guptkashi, Rudraprayag District of Uttarkhand for promotion of Oak Tasar & Eri culture
3. M/s. Grameen Evam Krishi Vikas Samithi
Haldwani, Nainital in Uttarkhand for Development of Ericulture in Udham Singh Nagar district
4. M/s. PRADAAN, Deogarh, Bihar
for Integrated Tribal Development Programme in Jamui district of Bihar.
Financial assistance given to the above 4 NGOs during the last three years (2009-11) and for the current year 2012-13 is given below
(Rs. in lakhs)
# Name of the NGO 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 Total
1 M/s.Arpita Grameen Vikas Sansthan 17.45 -- -- 17.45
2 M/s.Appropriate Technology of India (ATI) 23.53 62.60 -- 47.32 133.45 3 M/s.Grameen Evam Krishi
Vikas Samithi 15.95 -- -- 32.36 48.31
4 M/s.PRADAAN, Jamui in
Bihar -- 106.17 -- 106.17
Total 56.93 168.77 -nil- 79.68 305.38
International Collaboration:
CSB is a Member of the International Sericulture Commission (ISC) and providing consultancy support to third world countries on sericulture development. CSB is exporting silkworm eggs to African and South Asian countries like Ghana, Ethiopia, Bangladesh, Srilanka, Vietnam etc.
The following external aided Projects have been implemented in different States UNDP supported project for development of Vanya silks (1999-2003)
World Bank assisted National Sericulture Project for mulberry in 17 states (1989-1996)
Swiss aided Seri-2000 project for mulberry in Karnataka, Tamilnadu, AP and West Bengal (1997-2004)
JBIC supported project for tasar and mulberry development in Chattisgarh and Manipur (1998-2007)
Bivoltine Sericulture Technology Development Project:
CSB has implemented a Bivoltine Sericulture Technology Development project (2002-07) with the assistance of Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). The project has helped to develop high yielding bivoltine silkworm breeds suitable to produce import substitute international grade bivoltine silk. The project has also developed suitable clusters with better extension system for the development of bivoltine silk. Central Sericultural Research & Training Institute, Mysore has taken up collaborative research project in the areas of sericulture with research institutes in Brazil and Bulgaria.
Training on Bivoltine Sericulture Technology under the 3rd country training
As a part of technical cooperation programme between the JICA and the Central Silk Board (CSB), CSR&TI, Mysore is imparting training in their Institute at Mysore for Afro-Asian countries like Bangladesh, Cambodia, Ethiopia, Ghana, Indonesia, Kenya, Laos, Madagascar, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Vietnam and Uganda on Bivoltine sericulture technologies with the expertise developed by us.
Cluster Development Programme:
Central Silk Board in close co-ordination with States had jointly organized 45 pre-cocoon and 5 post-cocoon model sericulture clusters towards promoting development of sericulture in the cluster mode approach. The main objective being transfer of latest technology in a systematic manner and also through infrastructure up-gradation of farmers, improvement of skills and knowledge of farmers and strict discipline in sericulture practices to improve production, productivity and quality of cocoons. During XI Plan period (till Mar-2012)CSB had released Rs.52.11 crores to 16 States under Catalytic Development Programme. On implementation of the programme, the awareness and adoption of new technologies increased, significant improvement observed in knowledge/skill of farmers, crop stability, production, productivity and quality of cocoons and income level of farmers. The Cluster Promotion Programme has been concluded on 31.03.2012 and the DoSs have been requested to maintain all the existing clusters under their control with Technical Support from CSB commencing from 2012-13 onwards as also requested to replicate the successful models in potential areas of the state.
During XII Plan, it is proposed to develop 100 bivoltine clusters in the states. The programme will be implemented from 2013-14 of XII Plan period.
Sericulture Development projects in some States:
The following projects are being implemented during the period under report.
a) Special SGSY Projects in Bihar, Jharkhand and Uttarakhand.
b) Integrated Tribal Development Projects with NABARD-TDF assistance. The following projects are in the process of sanction to be implemented during XII Plan period.
Tasar developmental projects with MoRD assistance under MKSP (as under).
Sl. No. Name of the State Project Implementing Agency MoRD (in Rs. lakhs) CSB (in Rs. lakhs) Total ( in Rs. lakhs) 1 Maharashtra BAIF 759.632 253.211 1012.843 2 Andhra Pradesh SERP 784.040 262.668 1046.708 3 Jharkhand PRADAN 1795.46 598.487 2393.947 4 Chattisgarh PRADAN 598.451 204.256 802.707 5 Bihar PRADAN 669.434 223.145 892.579
6 West Bengal PRADAN 400.795 133.598 534.393
7 Odisha PRADAN 358.34 119.447 477.787
Grand Total 5366.152 1794.812 7160.964
The following projects/ schemes have been formulated to be taken up by the States for sericulture development.
1. Tasar developmental for Left Wing Extremism (LWE) affected districts in West Bengal, Orissa and Chhattisgarh.
2. Formulated project proposal for seeking JICA assistance for mulberry development, and Road Map for tasar development in West Bengal. 3. Technical appraisal has been carried out for Mukhyamantri Tasar Vikas
Pariyojana to be implemented by DOS, Bihar at an outlay of Rs.170.9 Crore.
4. The following projects are prepared and yet to be implemented.
5. 15 Year Road Map for development of silk industry in Himachal Pradesh. 6. Projects implemented with external funding.
7. Manipur Sericulture Project (JBIC Funding) 8. Other projects with funding from CDP.
9. Micro-Project for development of Oak tasar culture in Manipur (Phase- II). Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD):
Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD), Govt. of India, has considered a Multi-State Project under Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana (MKSP) Non Timber Forest Produce (NTFP) for promotion of Tasar based livelihoods in the five states viz., Jharkhand covering Godda, Pakur, Dumka, Saraikella, West Singbhum, East Singbhum and Deoghar districts, State of Chhattisgarh covering Raigaarh, Dhamtari, Kanker, Bilaspur, Sarguja and Bastar districts, State of Odisha covering Keonjhar district, State of Maharashtra covering Gondia and Gadchiroli districts and State of West Bengal covering Bankura and Paschim Medinipur districts with Central Silk Board as the Project Coordinating Agency and NGOs, PRADAN and BAIF Development Research Foundation as Project Implementing Agencies.
Projects would be implemented over a period of four years from the date of final approval, with a project grant of Rs.52.22 crores, with MoRD share of Rs.39.13 crores and CSB share of Rs.13.09 crores covering 27,530 beneficiaries.
Eri Spun Silk Mills:
Three Eri Spun Silk Mills have been established at Hindupur (in A.P.), Kokrajhar & Guwahati (in Assam). These Units have started commercial production. Apart from this one more Spun Silk Mill is being set up at Raipur in Chhattisgarh state. Vanya Silk Market Promotion:
Vanya Silk Market Promotion Cell (VSMPC) established during X Plan has continued its activities on Generic, Brand and Market promotion of Vanya Silks during XII Plan.
As a part of product diversification, VSMPC under collaborative projects with other Institutes has developed exclusive Vanya Silk products viz. Eri silk knitwear, Eri silk denims, Eri silk sarees, Mulberry / Muga silk sarees, Mulberry/Eri silk sarees and dress material etc,. The Eri silk knitwears are launched for commercialization and the products are test marketed. VSMPC has provided the know-how to M/s Jharcraft, Ranchi, Jharkhand and coordinating on product development for commercialization.
VSMPC has organized and participated in domestic and international exhibitions. Vanya Silk theme pavilion are arranged in all the exhibitions and the product developed under collaborative projects are displayed for market promotion. The
generic and brand promotion of Vanya Silks is done through exhibitions, advertisements, web site, print and electronic media etc. VSMPC has participated in Heimtextil Fair, Frankfurt, Germany between 12th and 15th January 2011
along with SMOI for generic and brand promotion of Indian Silk, wherein the samples of Vanya Silks products of exporters have been displayed in the stall. VSMPC has also participated in Tex Trend organized by Ministry of Textiles and Silk Paradise organized by ISEPC.
VSMPC has published the directory of Vanya Silk manufacturers containing the 450 addresses of manufacturers/traders/exporters along with the addresses of all the Vanya Silk producing State Sericulture Departments and CSB offices and the information on Vanya Silks.
VSMPC has registered 20 manufacturers / traders as Authorised User of Vanya Silk Logo and involved them in generic and brand promotion of Vanya Silks and also provided publicity support.
VSMPC has established three Vanya Silk Shoppees two in New Delhi and one in Bangalore for providing retail market access to manufacturers of Vanya Silk products. The shoppees have been allotted to the primary producers and Authorized Users of Vanya Silk Logo.
During XII Plan VSMPC is organizing exclusive Vanya Silk Expos in four cities and participating in 10 exhibitions organized by SMOI. VSMPC has participated in Tex Trend -2012 organized by Ministry of Textiles. VSMPC has sanctioned collaborative project on development of Eri Silk Thermal wear and Thermal under garments to Army Institute of Fashion and Design (AIFD) – Bangalore and another project to CSTRI –CSB Bangalore on Development of products from Eri, Muga and Tasar spun yarn for better value addition. VSMPC is coordinating in product development for commercialization and providing backward and forward linkages for sourcing, production and marketing. It is proposed to set up Vanya Silk Shoppee at Guwahati under franchise for the benefit of primary producers in N.E. region.
Policy initiatives: Some Important policy initiatives taken recently for the development of silk industry are–
Sericulture is included as agriculture allied activity under RKVY. This enables the sericulturists to avail the benefits of the scheme for the entire sericulture activities up to reeling. During the year 2011-12, sericulture projects costing Rs.50.84 crores have been sanctioned and utilized under RKVY. During the CFY (2012-13) sericulture projects costing Rs.12.64 crores have been proposed.
The CSB (Amendment) Act, Rules and Regulations have been notified by the Govt. of India to bring quality standards in silkworm seed production.
Forest Conservation Act has been amended to treat non mulberry sericulture as forest based activity enabling the farmers to undertake Vanya silkworm rearing in the natural host plantation in the forests.
