f
r
Crude Calculations
1.Definitions.
1.1 Free water.The measured volume of water in a tank not in suspension with the liquid in the tank at observed temperature.
Expressed in cubic meter or/and barrels. 1.2 Total Observed Volume (TOV).
J'
(The t9tal measured volume of all petroleum Iiquids,BS&W,and free water at observed temperature. .
Expressed in cubic meter orland barrels. 1.3 Gross Observed Volume (GOV).
The total volume of all petroleum liquids and BS&W,but excluding free water,at observed temperature.
Expressed in cubic meter or/and barrels. GOV = TOV - Free Water
1.4 Net Observed Volume (NOV).
The total volume of all petroleum products but excluding free water and BS&W at observed temperature.
Expressed in cubic meter and/or barrels. NOV = TOV - Free Water - BS&W NOV = GOV - BS&W
1.5 Gross Standard Volume (GSV).
.t). (
""!!!.
The total volume of all petroleum products and BS&W,but excluding free water corrected by the appropriate volumecorrectionfactor (VCF) for observed temperature and density to a standard temperature.
Expressed in cubic meter or barrels. GSV = GOV x VCF
GSV = GOV at 15°C/60°F 1.6 Net Standard Volume (NSV).
The total volume of all petroleum products excluding BS&W and free water corrected by the appropriate volumecorrectionfactor (VCF) for observed
temperature and density to a standard temperature. Expressed in cubic meter and/or barrels. NSV = NOV x VCF
NSV = NOV at 15°C/60°F
1.7 Total Calculated Volume (TCV1
appropriate volumecorrectionfactor for observed temperature and density to a standard temperature and all free water at observed temperature.
Expressed in
cubic
meter and/or barrels. .TeV = GSV + Free Water
1.8 Bottom S~diments and Water (BS&W).
Quantity of sediments and water into the total amount of petroleum products. Expressed as a percentage as determined by tests.
1.9 Observed TemQerature.
Temperature of cargo measured at various places in the tank. Mean tempera-ture is determined.
1.10 Standard Temperature.
Tem'perature of 15°e in the metric system,or 60°F in the American system. All volumes must be converted to this temperature before comparing. .
2. Relationship: density, specific density , API Gravitv.
Gravity is a mass-per-unit-volume relationship.
With petroleum products the relationship is expressed as specific gravity. The following definition applies:
mass of equal volume water at to
kg kg mass of given volume oil at to
Specific gravity =
Temperature normally equal to 60°F or 15°e. Specific gravity is sometimes called relative density
oil density atGO°F kg/l Relative density GO/GO°F=
water density at GO°F kg/l
Specific gravity is being replaced by density expressed in kg per m3.
~
The following definition applies:
mass of given volume of oil kg Density of oil at tOe =
volume of oil at ee m3
In the USA the API gravity is being used. API gravity is an arbitrary scale, calibrated in degrees and related to the specific gravity by the following relation':
141,5 API gravity
=
Specific gravity GO/GO°F
- 131,5
1:
3. Mass and weiqht relationship.
3.1 Mass.
rThe mass of a substance is the quantity it contains. It is independant of external conditions.ln oil measurement, it is often referred to as weight-in-vacuo. The metric unit is the kg where 1000kg equals 1 metric tonne.
Following relationship applies:
mass of oil
=
volume of oil at tOCx oil densi~y attOC
3.2 Weight.The weight of a substance (calledweight-in-air)is the mass which a substance
appears to have when weighted in air.
The we.ightis calculated using the followingequation:
weight of oil=
volume of oil x weight correction factor
'-~,
3.3 Weiqht Correction Factor (WCF).
The weight correction factor must be obtained from the appropriate table in the Petroleum Measurement Tables.
In the American system the WCF can be obtained from table II "Long tons per barrel at 60°F against API gravity at 60°F".
In the metric system the WCF can be obtained from table 56 "Kilograms per liter at 15°C and liters at 15°C per metric ton against density at 15°C".
The WCF can be easily obtained by subtracting 0.0011 kg!1from the density at 15°C.
Unfortunately it is much easier to subtract than to consult Table 56.This has led to
the problem that it is no longer obvious which density is used: the density or the WCF.
4.Unit Conversion.
~
Units can be easily interchanged by using the approprtate table from petroleum measure-ments Table Vol XI "Entry with API" or Vol XII "Entry with Relative Density".
It is extremely important however to be aware of the following fact: "Like can only be
compared with like".
Comparasion between volumes and capacities must be done at the same temperature.
.
5.Cargo Calculations.
5.1 Metric system.
Schematic layout of calculations.
Observed density Density @ 15°C
in vacuo \fI(CF in II
I
air I' i
Waterdip t Ullage UllaQe Tables TOV-H20 GOV (Gross m3 observed volume) .1 GOV * VCF GSV (Gross m3 standardvolume) GSV*density @ 15°C Notes: Temperatures
Tt+T~~Tb'Tm
IOil mass
in vacuo
.
Given: TOV.
FreeWater.
Temperature and Observed Density Can he" al", oIa+ed "1\ "'e"
lgh+ .'" air
'
nA ~T (an..! In" IT;~ "'e" de..!)-
'LJ v 'vU'. " JYV II. "' I I I IV, I U I '- II " '" U2) weight in vacuo ( = oil mass)
-
Tabies used: 53A-
56-
54A-
The relationship between barreis and cubic meters is very precise ifsame temperatures are used"1 Bbl = 0.158987 m3 - 1 m3 = 6.28981 Bbls
- Temperatures: see "Calculating Representative Cargotemperatures". - Free water: m3 x 1.025 = MT (if seawater)
Examole:
G
I
GSV GSV -r
MT Weightin MT r-- H2O MT -ROB/OBO MT TCV MT GSV m3 +H20:1
-ROB/OBO TCV m3- TOV: 100000m3 at 30°C Density: 0.8520 at 15°C VCF from Tab!e 54A: 0.9873
t WCF from Table 56 : 0.8509
-
GSV:;; 100000 x 0.9873:;; 98730 m3- Weight in vacuo = 98730 x 0.8520"= 84117.96 MT (= oil mass)
- Weight in air = 98730
x
0.8509 = 84009.36 MTGeneral remark concefT\jng metric calculations:
In the metric system both weight in air and weight in vacuo can be easily calculated. But this can lead to confusion if calculation form is not clearly labelled.
Table 53A: Table 54A: Table 56:
Generalized crude oils.Correction of observed density to density 15°C,
Generalized crude oil.Correctionof volume to 15°C(againstdensity
at
15°C).t
5.2 American system.
Schematic layout of calculations:
API WCFin !
air
I
UlJage Waterdip Temperatures
Ullaqe Tables Tt + Tm + Tb= Tm 3 TOV *6.28981 m3 Bbls Free H2O m3 MT LT *6.28981 Bbls 6A TOV-H20 GOV Bbls GOV*VCF GSV Bbls @ 60°F GSV*WCF (LT/Bbl
=
T.11 MT/Bbl=
T.13) GSV Weight in LT GSV LT H2O LT -ROB/OBQ LT TCV LT GSV Bbl +H20 Bbl -ROB/OBO Bbl TCV I Bbl in air,
Notes:
- Temperature:
see" Calculating Representative Cargotemperatures". - Oil weight is calculated ( weight in air) : oil mass can only be calculated byconverting API to density and to preform the metric system calculation.
-
For calculations in LT table II must be consulted for calculations in metric ton table 13.- If in LT the free water must also be converted to L1. ( LT = MT x 1.016047) - The calculations for LT are the most accurate.
Exam~ - TOV = 100000 m3 . - TOV = 628981 Bbls at 86°F API 34,49 - VCF from Table 6A : 0.9877 - WCF from Table 11 : 0.13309 - WCF from Table 13: 0.13520 - GSV = 628981 x 0..9877 = 621244.54 Bbls - Weight in air= 621244.54 x 0.13309 = 82681.4 LT = 621244.54 x 0.13520 = 83992.3 MT
(If formula for LT / MT
-
conversion is being used, a tonnage of 84008.2 MT is found a difference of about 16 MT)Used as auide:. .
-
Essomarine conversion tables and charts.- BP publicationof Lionel Downer.
