Dictionary Marine
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(2) m-i-link.com Maritime Dictionary actual total loss. the loss of a ship or goods when it is completely destroyed by a peril insured against, or so damaged that it ceases to be the thing insured; sometimes known as absolute total loss compare constructive total loss. ad valorem freight. freight calculated as a percentage of the value of the goods. addressable. of alarm, signal that can be identified and individually displayed on an alarm panel or monitoring system, e.g. fire detector activated within a specific room; opposite to general alarm within the same context. adiabatic. change of volume and pressure of a gas in which there is no heat gained or lost by the gas. adrift. not fastened to anything and float freely. advance. one of the parameters for measuring the turning performance of a ship, it is the distance travelled from the instant the rudder is put over to the point at which she is on her new course; measured along a line parallel to the original direction of motion. advance freight. freight that is paid in advance when the cargo is loaded on board rather than at the end of the destination; the proportion of freight payable is mutually agreed beforehand in the charterparty. adventure. in marine insurance, is any undetaking or voyage or duration that exposes the property to maritime perils. affreightment. chartering or hiring of a ship to carry cargo. afloat. floating on water. Aframax. any tanker with deadweight between 76,000 and 116,000 tons. aft. behind the ship; near or around the stern or towards the stern of the ship opposite of fore. after perpendicular. represented by a vertical line at the intersection of the designed load waterline and the after side of the rudder post, or the centreline of the rudder stock where there is no rudder post; AP for short. aftpeak. the enclosed space immediately forward of the sternpost and aft of the aftermost watertight bulkhead; usually used as ballast or fresh water tank; also known as afterpeak compare forepeak. agent. one who acts for another, as in a shipping agent who serves the shipowners in a foreign port by looking after the ship's interests; some of the duties include arranging for pilotage, crew change, etc.; also known as port agent or ship's agent. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ www.m-i-link.com - Feature maritime directory, marine links, job centre, pro net, marketplace, event calendar, community, forum, dictionary, acronym, conversion calculator, quick reference guide, mariner's formulae, sea ports finder and more. © Copyright m-i-link.com. Page 2 of 112. Updated 19-01-13.
(3) m-i-link.com Maritime Dictionary aggregate. material such as sand or crushed stone that is mixed with cement and water to make concrete. agribulk. human and animal foodstuffs in very large quantities for storage and/or distribution. aground. of a ship resting on the ground in shallow water. ahoy. a call made to attract attention by mariners. air compressor. compressor to provide compressed air for general use, control air system and diesel engine's starting air system. air conditioning. treatment of air to desired temperature, humidity and cleanliness; this is achieved by a system of filtering, humidity control, heating or cooling based on the ambient conditions. air cooler. heat exchanger used to cool down the charging air coming from turbocharger before being admitted into diesel engine for combustion. air draught. the vertical distance measured from the ship's waterline to the highest point on the ship; usually comes into consideration when the ship has to sail under overhead bridges in the river compare draught. air-cushion vehicle. a ship which uses air cushion created by powerful fans to lift and support its full weight allowing it to reduce the hull resistance when moving through water; an example is hovercraft; ACV for short. Aldis. a powerful daylight signalling lamp. all fast. indicates the completion of mooring operations when the vessel has been safely moored to berth. all hands. all crew members. all purposes laytime. laytime in which one combined time is specified for both loading and discharging compare average laytime. allision. striking of a moving vessel against a stationary vessel that is at anchor, aground, etc. or fixed object such as piers, wharves, etc. compare collision. alongside. close to the side of a ship, wharf or jetty. alternating current. electric current that reverses its direction or polarity at regularly recurring intervals or uniform frequency; AC for short. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ www.m-i-link.com - Feature maritime directory, marine links, job centre, pro net, marketplace, event calendar, community, forum, dictionary, acronym, conversion calculator, quick reference guide, mariner's formulae, sea ports finder and more. © Copyright m-i-link.com. Page 3 of 112. Updated 19-01-13.
(4) m-i-link.com Maritime Dictionary alternator. mechanical machine that produces alternating current when driven by a prime mover; it has two major parts - the rotating part called rotor consists of pairs of magnetic poles, and a stationary part called stator consists of fixed coils of wire; also known as AC generator. amidships. in or near the middle of a ship, whether longitudinally or transversely. ammeter. an instrument for measuring the electric current in ampere. ampere. the unit for measuring electric current; also known as amp. anchor. a device which is attached to anchor chain at one end and lowered into the sea bed to hold a ship in position; it is designed to grip the bottom when it is dragged by the ship trying to float away under the influence of wind and current; usually made of heavy casting or casting. anchor-handling. a series of operations to deploy and retrieve the anchors for oil rigs or offshore floating platforms at a distance. anchorage. a place suitable for ships to anchor. anemometer. an instrument for measuring the wind velocity or wind force. angle of attack. angle formed by the intersection of the fluid flow direction towards a foil with a straight line drawn from the foil's leading edge to its trailing edge. angle of list. angle of heel where centre of gravity, G is transversely offset from the ship's centreline and transverse metacentric height, GM is positive. angle of loll. angle to which a ship with initial negative metacentric height will lie at rest in still water, i.e. where the righting lever is zero; it is the new angle which the ship will now oscillate about instead of her normal upright position. angle of repose. angle created by a shift of grain. annealing. a heat treatment process which serves to soften and relieve internal stresses; the metal is first heated to a certain temperature and allowed to cool down slowly to achieve the desired effect. anode. an electrode having a positive charge opposite of cathode. anodising. process of producing a thicker natural oxide film on the surface of aluminium; also known as anodic oxidation. anti-foam agent. additive used to minimise the foaming tendency of petroleum products. anti-fouling. describes a desirable paint quality that prevents the growth of marine organisms such as barnacles in the underwater portion of a ship's hull. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ www.m-i-link.com - Feature maritime directory, marine links, job centre, pro net, marketplace, event calendar, community, forum, dictionary, acronym, conversion calculator, quick reference guide, mariner's formulae, sea ports finder and more. © Copyright m-i-link.com. Page 4 of 112. Updated 19-01-13.
(5) m-i-link.com Maritime Dictionary anti-oxidant. a type of chemical additive which is used to dissolve oxidation products formed in fuel oil. anti-wear agent. additives used to form thin and continuous films on heavily loaded parts to prevent metal-to-metal contact. apogee. the furthest point in the orbit of moon, planet or another object in space from earth. appendages. any part of a ship that protrudes out of the main hull form such as rudder, bilge keels, etc.. aromatics. one group of hydrocarbons with benzene as parent; their derivatives tend to have sweet or aromatic odours. arrastre. term widely use in the Philippines to refer to labor use on the wharf as in "Arrastre & Stevedoring". arrived ship. a ship is considered arrived and the laytime can commence when certain conditions specified in the charterparty are fulfilled, e.g. reach the designated position for loading or discharging, vessel is ready in all respects for cargo operation and notice of readiness properly given. ASBA II. the codename given to a standard form voyage charterparty published by The Association of Shipbrokers and Agents (ASBA) for tankers in 1984; originally known as ASBATANKVOY. asbestos. fibrous amphibole; used for making fireproof articles in the past such as insulation material on piping, ceiling board, etc.; inhaling fibres can cause asbestosis or lung cancer which made the it a banned material. ash. a powdery residue formed after combustion by the burning of some additives especially the conventional detergent type. ash modifier. chemical additive used to reduce the effect of ash or impurities such as vanadium, suplhur and sodium in post-combustion conditions. ashore. on shore; on the land. aspect ratio. the ratio of height to average width of a foil or sail. asphaltenes. hard and brittle particles of asphalt which are highly aromatic and combustible. assured. one who insures a property against loss. astern. behind; in the after portion of a ship. athwart. across; from side to side; transversely. athwartship. across a ship transversely; at right angle to the fore and aft centreline. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ www.m-i-link.com - Feature maritime directory, marine links, job centre, pro net, marketplace, event calendar, community, forum, dictionary, acronym, conversion calculator, quick reference guide, mariner's formulae, sea ports finder and more. © Copyright m-i-link.com. Page 5 of 112. Updated 19-01-13.
(6) m-i-link.com Maritime Dictionary Auto-ignition. the ignition of a combustible material when its temperature has been raised to a point at which self-sustained conbustion occurs; no spark or flame is necessary to initiate the ignition; also known as self-ignition. Automatic Identification System. AIS for Ship is an electronic ship identification system for ship to ship collision avoidance, provides information and status of ships and their cargo onboard to other ships or shore parties and vessel traffic system in ports. The AIS can be integrated to ship navigational equipment onboard, e.g. radar or electronic charts system to indicate the ships in vicinity. The system also transmits information to the shore, a Ship to Shore information. This is extremely useful for Vessel Traffic Systems (VTS), guiding the ship in congested areas, but equally important for the Marine Rescue Co-ordination Centres (MRCC) in giving actual updated information on all ships participating in a rescue action. Compiled information from larger areas can give the authorities basic data for planning of fairways and routing systems. The information provided by AIS consists of the information sent between the ships and to and from the shore which comes in four categories: 1. Static information: ships standard details for identification purpose, e.g. the MMSI number, IMO number, call sign and name, length and beam, position for GNSS antenna, type of ship 2. Dynamic information: updated continuously at a rate varying from two seconds to three minutes depending upon traffic situation, e.g. position, time, speed, course over ground, heading, navigational status and rate of turn. The faster the ship runs, the more it has to update its position 3. Voyage related information: ships actual draft and cargo type e.g. dangerous cargo (DG), destination and estimated time of arrival (ETA) 4. Safety related information: short messages on weather conditions and navigational warnings transmitted from shore to ship. automation. automatic control systems, without need of human intervention. autopilot. a device used for automatically steering a ship. auxiliary boiler. a boiler for raising steam to work the auxiliary machinery. auxiliary engine. engine other than for propulsion purpose; usually refers to electrical power generating diesel engine. auxiliary machinery. all machinery other than that needed for main propulsion. average. in marine insurance, it means a partial loss; in the event of a claim, there are two types of average namely general average and particular average. average adjuster. one with in-depth knowledge of maritime insurance law, and who calculates and adjusts the loss and expenditure between the interested parties in a general average claim. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ www.m-i-link.com - Feature maritime directory, marine links, job centre, pro net, marketplace, event calendar, community, forum, dictionary, acronym, conversion calculator, quick reference guide, mariner's formulae, sea ports finder and more. © Copyright m-i-link.com. Page 6 of 112. Updated 19-01-13.
(7) m-i-link.com Maritime Dictionary average laytime. laytime in which loading and discharging times are calculated separately and any time saved in one operation is allowed to offset the additional time used in the other compare reversible laytime. awash. washed over by water; at or slightly below the water level. aweigh. describes an anchor which has been lifted off the sea bottom and has its weight fully taken by the anchor chains. awning. a canvas covering spread over a ship's deck to protect from the weather. awning deck. a lightly constructed deck erected above upper deck or main deck to provide shelter against the sun and rain. azimuthing. of propulsion unit, refers to a steerable propeller which can exert 360 degrees thrust. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ www.m-i-link.com - Feature maritime directory, marine links, job centre, pro net, marketplace, event calendar, community, forum, dictionary, acronym, conversion calculator, quick reference guide, mariner's formulae, sea ports finder and more. © Copyright m-i-link.com. Page 7 of 112. Updated 19-01-13.
(8) m-i-link.com Maritime Dictionary. B Term. Definition. back freight. charges over and above the normal freight for cargo returned due to shipping errors of either the consignee or consignor. back haul. a route deviation to move cargo on the return leg of a voyage in order to minimise ballast leg and cut down transportation costs. backstay. stay or rope that is secured abaft of the mast to support the latter from bending forward. backup plate. plate used behind a welded joint to prevent burning through during welding. backwind. the wind which is deflected from a sail ahead onto the sail abaft it. balanced rudder. a rudder in which the turning stock is not on the leading edge, but close to the rudder's centre of pressure; about one-quarter abaft of the leading edge; since the center of pressure shifts as the rudder is turned, no rudder can be fully balanced for all rudder angles; hence a rudder is considered balanced when it can maintain so for about 15 degrees. bale capacity. the cubic capacity of a cargo hold measured from the inside of of the cargo battens, frames, bulkhead stiffeners or spar ceilings, i.e. the spaces between the frames are not filled; the bale capacity is generally less than the hold's grain capacity; sometimes known as bale cubic. ballast. any weight in solid or liquid form taken on a ship to increase draught, to change trim, or to improve the stability; use of sea water is common. ballast bonus. money payable by time charterer to shipowner at the end of the charter period to compensate for the ballast trip taken from the port of redelivery of the ship to the next port of loading; BB for short. ballast leg. that part of a ship's voyage during which she is not carrying any cargo and sailing in ballast. ballast tank. a watertight compartment used for carrying ballast. ballast voyage. generally refers to a ship sailing to a load port without carrying any cargo. ballasting. act of taking in ballast; usually refers to pumping in of sea water into the ship's ballast tanks. Baltic Exchange. name given to the shipping market where shipbrokers meet to charter ships; located in London, it was founded some 250 years ago. Baltic Freight Index. a statistical index generated daily by calculating the weighted average of the actual fixtures on twelve frequently fixed routes; BFI for short. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ www.m-i-link.com - Feature maritime directory, marine links, job centre, pro net, marketplace, event calendar, community, forum, dictionary, acronym, conversion calculator, quick reference guide, mariner's formulae, sea ports finder and more. © Copyright m-i-link.com. Page 8 of 112. Updated 19-01-13.
(9) m-i-link.com Maritime Dictionary bar. sand or silt forming a bank across the mouth of a river or harbour entrance; this build-up reduces the water depth and limits the draught of a ship which can cross it. bar draught. maximum draught which a ship can take to pass over a bar or sand bank. bareboat charter. a type of charter in which the shipowner provides only the ship and gives the charterer complete control, management and operation of the vessel for an agreed leasing period; the charterer has to appoint the crew and pay all operating costs including stores and bunkers; also known as demise charter. barge. a large boat with a flat bottom, used for carrying of goods on rivers, canals, shallow waters, etc.. barnacle. a shelllike marine animal which attaches itself to the underwater portion of a ship's hull; this increases water resistance and thus reduces ship's speed. barometer. an instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure. barque. sailing ship with three or more masts and sails; its aftermost mast is rigged in the fore and aft direction, and the other masts are square-rigged. barquentine. a three or more masts sailing vessel that is square rigged on the fore mast and fore and aft on all others; this allows either to be sailed as a full square rigged vessel and run downwind or up to 60 degrees from the wind or sail under her fore and afters. barratry. an insurance term which includes every wrongful act committed intentionally by the master or crew resulting in losses to the owners or charterers, e.g. smuggling, concealing stowaways, etc. without owner's consent. barrel. the unit for measuring volume of petroleum and its products; 1 barrel is equivalent to 42 US Gallons or approximately 35 Imperial Gallons or 159 litres. baseline. a fore and aft reference line taken at the upper surface of the flat keel plate along the centreline. bathymetry. the measurement of deep sea soundings. batten. long and narrow strip of wood used for various purposes, e.g. hatch battens for holding down tarpaulins covering hatches, or in cargo hold to keep cargo away from the ship's sides see spar ceiling. bay. 1. the part of the sea or big lake characterised by a wide curved shoreline; 2. section of a ship where containers or goods are stored. bay plan. stowage plan of a ship indicating where cargo is stowed bay by bay. BDMT. Bone Dry Metric Ton refers to dried woodchip with a stowage factor of 2.7 - 3.0 as compared to an untreated woodchip which has a stowage factor of 4.5 - 5.0; these two different values will affect how many tons a ship can load. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ www.m-i-link.com - Feature maritime directory, marine links, job centre, pro net, marketplace, event calendar, community, forum, dictionary, acronym, conversion calculator, quick reference guide, mariner's formulae, sea ports finder and more. © Copyright m-i-link.com. Page 9 of 112. Updated 19-01-13.
(10) m-i-link.com Maritime Dictionary beam. 1. the width of a ship; 2. of direction, at right angle to ship's fore and aft line; 3. structural member that supports plating. beam knee. a bracket connecting a deck beam and frame; usually triangular in shape. beam sea. waves approaching a vessel from the side, i.e. at right angles to the ship's fore and aft direction. beam wind. wind blowing across the ship's sides. bearding. act of removing wood to reshape a curve or line in wooden boat building. bearding line. the line formed by the intersection of the inboard surface of the shell plating and the stem or sternpost. bearing. 1. specially designed part that supports and allows a rotating shaft to run without damage by reducing friction; 2. the direction of an object with reference to a ship, observer or another object. Beaufort notation. a code used to express weather conditions tersely by a combination of letters of alphabet, e.g. r for rain, c for cloudy, etc.. Beaufort wind scale. a system using numbers from 0 to 12 to express wind speed; devised by Admiral Sir Francis Beaufort in early nineteenth century and slightly revised over the years Beaufort scale Wind velocity in knots. Description. 0. 0~1. calm. 1. 1~3. light air. 2. 4~6. light breeze. 3. 7~10. gentle breeze. 4. 11~16. moderate breeze. 5. 17~21. fresh breeze. 6. 22~27. strong breeze. 7. 28~33. near gale. 8. 34~40. gale. 9. 41~47. strong gale. 10. 48~55. storm. 11. 56~65. violent storm. 12. above 65. hurricane. becket. loop made of rope or wire and used for securing or fastening. bedplate. a base plate or structure upon which a machine is mounted. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ www.m-i-link.com - Feature maritime directory, marine links, job centre, pro net, marketplace, event calendar, community, forum, dictionary, acronym, conversion calculator, quick reference guide, mariner's formulae, sea ports finder and more. © Copyright m-i-link.com. Page 10 of 112. Updated 19-01-13.
(11) m-i-link.com Maritime Dictionary bellmouth. a cone-shaped fitting installed at the end of a suction pipe to facilitate pumping out of a tank with its wider opening. beneficial owner. the registered owner of a vessel who can charter the vessel out to others compare disponent owner. berth. 1. cabin or place to sleep in a ship; 2. place for mooring a ship in port or anchoring. berth cargo. cargo taken by ship at less than the regular liner rates to fill surplus cargo space. berth terms. used in charterparty to indicate whether shipowner or charterer pays for the loading and discharging costs of the cargoes. bilge. the curved part of a ship's underwater body where the bottom plating turn towards side shell plating. bilge bracket. vertical flat plate positioned transversely and welded to the side frame and the inner bottom or margin plate in the area of the bilge. bilge keel. fin or long strip of plate attached to the turn of the bilge and run in the fore and aft direction from 25% to 75% of ship's length at both sides of a ship's underwater body; bilge keels serve to reduce the rolling motion at sea. bilge pump. pump for pumping out bilge water; usually it is a positive displacement pump. bilge strake. strake at the turn of the bilge linking the bottom plating to the side plating. bilge water. dirty water that collects in a ship's bilges. bilge well. a small drain well or tank which collects bilge water; usually located at the after end of the compartments. bilged. state of a ship when she runs aground and takes in water through her damaged hull. bilges. spaces next to the bilge strake for collecting water. bill of lading. document issued by carrier to a shipper of goods when received on board; it serves as a receipt for the goods, document of title of the goods and evidence of the contract of carriage; B/L for short. BIMCO. stand for Baltic and International Maritime Council; BIMCO is the world's largest private shipping organisation with 2,650 members worldwide in more than 100 countries. bimetallic strip. metal strip made by laminating together two layers of dissimilar metal having a different co-efficient of expansion; when there is a change in temperature, the strip will deflect or bend and this action is used to close or open electrical contacts. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ www.m-i-link.com - Feature maritime directory, marine links, job centre, pro net, marketplace, event calendar, community, forum, dictionary, acronym, conversion calculator, quick reference guide, mariner's formulae, sea ports finder and more. © Copyright m-i-link.com. Page 11 of 112. Updated 19-01-13.
(12) m-i-link.com Maritime Dictionary binnacle. a stand, of brass or non-magnetic material, for holding a compass as well as illuminating and compensating units. bitt. vertical cylindrical shaped fitting made of steel and securely attached to deck; usually in pair and used for fastening mooring ropes or towing lines in a figure of eight; also known as bollard. bitter end. the last link in the inboard end of an anchor chain which is secured to the chain locker. bitumen. a non-volatile, black or brown substance derived from refinery processes; can be viscous or solid depending on its temperature; has waterproofing and adhesive properties. black cargo. cargo boycotted by stevedores for reasons such as dangerous or hazardous to health. blending. thorough mixing of two compatible fuels having different properties to produce an intermediate fuel of certain properties. block coefficient. the ratio of the underwater volume of a ship to the volume of a rectangular block having the length, breadth and draught of the ship CB = immersed volume LxBxH. block stowage. stowing of cargo in stacks of even length in order to maximise the cargo space in the hold. bluewater. sea water color beyond the continental shelf; the sea water color changes from green to blue because of the increase in depth. boat deck. generally refers to the deck where lifeboats are stowed. boatswain. a supervisor of the seamen; one grade higher than able seaman; sometimes abbreviated as bos'n or bo'sun. boatswain's chair. a piece of rectangular board on which a man can sit when working aloft; the board with holes at the sides is suspended by rope arrangement. bobstay. stay or cable from end of bowsprit to the stem to prevent the former from lifting. body plan. a drawing showing the end view of a ship in two half-transverse sections sharing a common centreline; since the sections are generally symmetrical, the right-hand side of the centreline represents the ship as seen from ahead and the left-hand side as seen from astern; the series of transverse sections are cut at regular frame spacing from forward to aft and appear piled one on top of one another. bogie. steel framework with wheels for transporting a container or chassis on top. boiler. a cylindrical vessel in which the water can be heated to produce steam at high pressure. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ www.m-i-link.com - Feature maritime directory, marine links, job centre, pro net, marketplace, event calendar, community, forum, dictionary, acronym, conversion calculator, quick reference guide, mariner's formulae, sea ports finder and more. © Copyright m-i-link.com. Page 12 of 112. Updated 19-01-13.
(13) m-i-link.com Maritime Dictionary boiler mountings. fittings on a boiler that are required for its safe and efficient operation such as safety valves, water level sight glasses, pressure gauges, blow down valve, etc.. bollard. large circular post fitted at wharf for making fast mooring ropes; usually in pairs; also known as bitt. bollard pull. force produced by a tug when pulling against a bollard; forms a measure of the tug's size. bonded warehouse. building approved by Customs for secured storage of goods and containers which have payment of their duties deferred. Bonjean curve. a curve formed by plotting transverse sectional areas measured up to each waterline against a vertical axis representing the waterline; thus, the horizontal distance measured from the curve to the vertical axis gives the area of the section from the baseline to that particular waterline; usually sets of curves are obtained for each section; these curves facilitate immersed volume to be obtained for waterlines that are not parallel to baseline. boom. a long, round pole hinged to a mast and projecting outboard; the free end is supported by a wire rope and block arrangement from the top of the mast. boottop. the portion of a ship's outer side shell plating surface lying between the light and full load waterlines; depending on the loading condition of the ship, this portion may be partially or fully immersed in water. bordnakke. Danish boatbuilder's term describing the inner-upper-corner of a plank of a clinkerbuilt boat. boss. of propeller, the central part to which propeller blades are attached and through which the shaft end passes. bossing. the curved protruding portion of the ship's shell plating that surrounds and supports the propeller shaft. bottom. the underwater portion a ship. bottom end bearing. bearing at big end of connecting rod in a reciprocating engine which fits over the crankpin of a crankshaft. bottom plating. generally the shell plating of a ship lying between the two bilge turns other than the keel. boundary layer. of a vessel moving through water, the layer of water that is in contact and dragged along with the hull because of friction. bourdon gauge. a commonly used pressure measuring device which senses pressure using a o bourdon tube with an oval cross section that is curved over approximately 270 ; one end of the tube is linked to the pressure vessel to be measured and the other end is sealed and free; when there is a change of pressure, the tube tends to change its sectional shape to circular and in doing so, it tends to straighten; the resulting movement of the free end is used to move a pointer over a scale; also known as bourdon pressure gauge. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ www.m-i-link.com - Feature maritime directory, marine links, job centre, pro net, marketplace, event calendar, community, forum, dictionary, acronym, conversion calculator, quick reference guide, mariner's formulae, sea ports finder and more. © Copyright m-i-link.com. Page 13 of 112. Updated 19-01-13.
(14) m-i-link.com Maritime Dictionary bow. the forward end of a ship's hull; based on the different cross sectional shape, a ship may be described as having a rake bow, clipper bow, spoon bow, Maier-form, bulbous bow, etc. opposite of stern. bow line. the contour formed by the intersection of any longitudinal vertical plane which is not on the centreline of the ship, with the moulded surface of the hull forward of midship opposite of buttock. bow rake. the fore and aft inclination of the stem at the forward end of the vessel. bow thruster. a small propeller situated in an athwartship tunnel in the underwater hull of a ship; usually located near the bow, the side thrust created by the running propeller improves manoeuvrability, especially during berthing. bowse. to pull downward on a rope or fall. bowsprit. spar projecting forward from the stem. box rate. freight rate for the shipping of a container from origin to destination with no restriction on the cargo types and quantity loaded. brackish. of water, slightly salty with density between 1 & 1.025. brake horsepower. the power available at the shaft of an engine after minusing the frictional losses in the running component of the engine but before passing through reduction gears or other transmission devices; for direct-connected diesel engine, this power is same as shaft horsepower; this is measured using a brake which gives the name; bhp for short. break bulk. to commence cargo discharge. break bulk cargo. various kinds of goods packed in miscellaneous forms such as boxes, bales, drums, etc.. break bulker. general cargo ship that carries break bulk cargo. breakwater. of ship, inclined and stiffened plate structure on a weather deck to break and deflect the flow of water coming over the bow. breast hook. a triangular horizontal plate joining port and starboard stringers together behind the stem. breast line. a mooring rope deployed and oriented such that it is approximately perpendicular to the ship's fore and aft line. bridge. elevated superstructure having a clear view forward and at each side, and from which a ship is steered; also known as wheel house. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ www.m-i-link.com - Feature maritime directory, marine links, job centre, pro net, marketplace, event calendar, community, forum, dictionary, acronym, conversion calculator, quick reference guide, mariner's formulae, sea ports finder and more. © Copyright m-i-link.com. Page 14 of 112. Updated 19-01-13.
(15) m-i-link.com Maritime Dictionary bridge wing. refers to the extended deck area on the port and starboard side of the bridge; its tips usually coincide with the beam or width of the ship; by standing there, the deck officers can see clearly over the ship side when mooring alongside the berth. bridle. any fairly short length of rope secured at both ends. brigantine. sailing ship with square-rigged foremast, and fore and aft rigged main mast. Bristol fashion. of appearance, good and seamanlike. broach to. describes action taken on a ship when it is situated on a steep forefront of high wave in following and quartering sea condition so that it can be accelerated to ride on the wave. broaching. when a steep following sea causes the vessel (small vessels) to surf forwards controllably, the bow tends to dig into the wave ahead, deccelerating the vessel rapidly; the forces on the stern will cause the stern to swing violently to the left or right and the vessel will come to rest broadside to the waves; a rapid broaching may cause a capsize.. broken stowage. cargo space which cannot be utilised due to the type and nature of cargo loaded or structural interferences in the cargo hold. broker. one who acts as a link between two parties and helps in making an agreement between them; types of broker include marine insurance broker, sale and purchase broker, and shipbroker.. brokerage. commission or fee charged by the broker for his services. brokering. acting as intermediary between two parties such as shipowner and shipper or underwriter, e.g. securing transactions connected with shipping agreements. buckle. describe the failure of a column-like structure by bending when under compression beyond its design load. buckler. a portable plate covered over the deck opening of the hawse pipes to prevent water flowing through the openings when at sea. bulk cargo. cargo such as oil, coal, iron ore, grain, etc. that is loaded in bulk and not in bags, packages or containers. bulk carrier. a type of ship designed to carry bulk cargo. bulk oil. oil carried in cargo tanks forming an integral part of a ship, i.e. not in drums, etc.. bulker. popular term for bulk carrier. bulkhead. transverse or longitudinal vertical partition or "wall" for dividing the internal space of a hull into various compartments; may be built of stiffened steel plates or corrugated plates; bulkheads may be watertight, oiltight, gastight, or non-watertight. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ www.m-i-link.com - Feature maritime directory, marine links, job centre, pro net, marketplace, event calendar, community, forum, dictionary, acronym, conversion calculator, quick reference guide, mariner's formulae, sea ports finder and more. © Copyright m-i-link.com. Page 15 of 112. Updated 19-01-13.
(16) m-i-link.com Maritime Dictionary bulkhead deck. uppermost deck to which the transverse watertight bulkheads are carried. bull ring. 1. steel ring at head of stem to take tow ropes; 2. ring for lashing cargo in containers. bull wire. the wire used for pulling the hatch covers closed or open; the wire is being led by a winch or crane. bullnose. metallic ring or chock, placed at the stem head of bow, that is used to pass a rope through while a vessel is being towed, or moored to a buoy or pier. bulwark. shell plating about one metre in height built around the outboard edge of upper deck from forecastle to poop to protect men and cargo against rough seas. bumboat. a boat that is used to carry supplies, stores, provision, etc to ships. bunk. built-in bed on a ship. bunker. a compartment for the storage of fuel oil used by the ship's machinery. bunker adjustment factor. surcharge applied to freight rates to adjust for fluctuation in fuel prices; BAF for short; also known as fuel adjustment factor (FAF), bunker surcharge or fuel oil surcharge. bunkering. act of taking in bunkers onboard the ship. bunkers. fuel such as oil stored in the bunker and used for running ship's machinery. buoy. a floating object secured to the bottom of a sea, river, etc to mark a position which a ship should avoid, change course, etc.. buoyage. act of using buoys to mark a channel or to warn ships of dangers, wrecks or other submerged objects. buoyancy. the upthrust given by the water which keeps a ship afloat; the difference between the vertical component of the hydrostatic pressure acting on the ship's hull and the weight of the ship. Bureau Veritas. the French Classification Society or BV for short. burgee. rectangular flag with a swallow tail cut at the end furthest from the mast; in the case of a yacht, it is triangular. bursting plate. a pressure relief device to protect an equipment from over-pressure, e.g. to protect air compressor's cooler casing from sudden rise in pressure due to bursting of the compressed air carrying tubes; also known as bursting disc. butt. joint between the ends of plates placed in the fore and aft line. butt weld. the joining of two plates by welding along the seam of their butt joints. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ www.m-i-link.com - Feature maritime directory, marine links, job centre, pro net, marketplace, event calendar, community, forum, dictionary, acronym, conversion calculator, quick reference guide, mariner's formulae, sea ports finder and more. © Copyright m-i-link.com. Page 16 of 112. Updated 19-01-13.
(17) m-i-link.com Maritime Dictionary Butterworth cover. a small, hinged cover for closing a vertical trunkway used by Butterworth tankcleaning machine; several trunkways are erected on the main deck of tanker for each cargo tank depending on the tank size. buttock. the contour formed by the intersection of any longitudinal vertical plane which is not on the centreline of the ship, with the moulded surface of the hull aft of midship opposite of bow line. by pass filter. filter that allows a part of the flow discharged from a pump to return to the suction side, thereby improving filtration process see full flow filter. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ www.m-i-link.com - Feature maritime directory, marine links, job centre, pro net, marketplace, event calendar, community, forum, dictionary, acronym, conversion calculator, quick reference guide, mariner's formulae, sea ports finder and more. © Copyright m-i-link.com. Page 17 of 112. Updated 19-01-13.
(18) m-i-link.com Maritime Dictionary. C Term. Definition. cabin. a compartment on board a ship designated as living quarters for persons. cable. a rope or chain attached to anchor. cable length. distance equal to one-tenth of a nautical mile, i.e. approximately 608 feet; in other units, it is equivalent to about 100 fathoms or 200 yards. caboose. old name for galley. cabotage. the carriage of goods or passengers for a fee between ports of the same country. calendering. process of pressing a sail cloth between hot steel rollers under high pressure to flatten it and make it more durable. calibration. the process of marking or adjusting an instrument so that its output value is a correct indication of the actual value being measured. call sign. a combination of alphabets and numbers allocated to ships and shore stations for identification purposes. calm. of the sea, without wind and large waves; still. calorific value. amount of heat released by the complete combustion of unit weight of fuel; usually expressed in calories per gram or British Thermal Unit (BTU) per pound. calorifier. small tank for heating water using steam heating or electrical coil immersed in the tank. camber. the athwartship upward rise of the weather deck from both sides towards the centreline of the ship; this arched form helps to direct water on deck to the sides where it can be drained off by scuppers compare sheer. camel. watertight vessel designed to lift a sunken ship; for salvage operations, a pair will be sunk on opposite side of the ship by filling with water; once they are attached to the sunken ship, the water is pumped out and their large buoyancy raises the ship. can hook. two or more steel hooks linked together by chain and designed for lifting a steel drum or barrel by gripping around its lip. cancelling date. the owner of the vessel shall present the vessel at the loading port and be ready to receive the cargo on a certain day or within a certain period of time; if he fails to do so within an agreed period, the contract may be cancelled. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ www.m-i-link.com - Feature maritime directory, marine links, job centre, pro net, marketplace, event calendar, community, forum, dictionary, acronym, conversion calculator, quick reference guide, mariner's formulae, sea ports finder and more. © Copyright m-i-link.com. Page 18 of 112. Updated 19-01-13.
(19) m-i-link.com Maritime Dictionary cant beam. deck supporting beam arranged in fan-like shape in the fore and aft ends of a ship, e.g. in ice breaker. cant frame. a frame which supports the structure at a plane that is not perpendicular to the centreline and connected at the upper end to cant beam. cantline. groove formed between strands of a rope or between bags or drums stowed in rows. canvas. material for making the sails of a ship; can be jute, cotton or hemp. canvas sock. a short hose fitted to the drain pipe at hatch corner. cap rail. uppermost part of a railing. capacity plan. a plan showing the arrangement, location and capacities of relevant compartments such as holds, ballast tanks, bunkers, fresh water tanks, etc. cape. a high land projecting into the sea. Capesize. a very large bulk carrier with deadweight above 150,000 tons - unable to transit Suez Canal and therefore have to sail round the Cape of Good Hope to and from Europe. cappuccino bunker. describe an effect caused by blowing compressed air into the bunkers to create a false level measurement; when the foam subsides after several hours later, the lower sounding level indicates a loss of fuel received onboard. capsize. of a boat, to turn over in the water. capstan. a barrel revolving in a vertical axis to haul in a cable or rope; usually driven by electric or hydraulic motor compare windlass. captain. the person in charge of a ship; another title for master. carbon precursors. particles formed during the combustion which eventually produce the solid carbon. cardinal points. the four principal points of a compass namely North, South, East and West. careen. to expose a large section of a vessel bottom for cleaning, painting and maintenance by manipulating the list of the vessel; for small craft, it is achieved by putting it up on the beach at high tide and allowing the the hull to be exposed at low tide. cargo. goods carried in a ship. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ www.m-i-link.com - Feature maritime directory, marine links, job centre, pro net, marketplace, event calendar, community, forum, dictionary, acronym, conversion calculator, quick reference guide, mariner's formulae, sea ports finder and more. © Copyright m-i-link.com. Page 19 of 112. Updated 19-01-13.
(20) m-i-link.com Maritime Dictionary cargo claim adjuster a person who is responsible for determining whether loss and or damage to a cargo is or is not covered by an ocean marine cargo insurance policy; the adjuster can be employed by the insurance company who had issued such a cargo insurance policy or it can be a person employed by an insurance broker whose client is the firm insured; the broker's adjuster is responsible to see that all its clients' cargo claims are properly adjusted by the interested insurance company cargo deadweight. the remaining carrying capacity after deducting from deadweight tonnage, the fuel, water, stores, dunnage, and such other items necessary for use on a voyage. cargo gear. a general term for all equipment, machinery and tools used for safe cargo operations, e.g. cranes, derricks, slings, securing devices, etc.. cargo net. a net used for the lifting of small packages or bags; made of rope or wire and be large if used for cargo operation. cargo plan. a plan which marks and indicates the locations of various cargoes stowed on board; the plan may be on simple outline of the ship's cargo spaces. cargo sweat. water droplets which condense on the cargo when a ship sails from a cool place to warmer places; this occurs when the warmer incoming air comes into contact with the cooler cargo's surface compare ship's sweat. carling. the fore and aft strength member fitted between the deck beams; also known as deck girder. carrier. owner or operator of ships who enter into a contract with shipper for the transportation of goods; also refers to the ship carrying cargo. carter's note. document which accompanies the cargo from its packing location to the port for loading; it contains shipping instructions. carving note. a document filled in by owner of a ship under construction giving ship's name, tonnage, official number, port of registry, etc. and signed by surveyor certifying that the ship particulars have been 'carved' on board. cast off. to let go or unfasten mooring lines securing a ship to a berth, etc.. cat boat. sailboat with a single fore and aft sail. catalytic fines. extremely hard and abrasive particles of aluminium silicate found in fuel as a result of its use as catalyst in crude oil refineries employing catalytic cracking process; can cause excessive wear in engine parts. catamaran. a boat with two parallel hulls side by side. cathode. an electrode carrying a negative charge opposite of anode. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ www.m-i-link.com - Feature maritime directory, marine links, job centre, pro net, marketplace, event calendar, community, forum, dictionary, acronym, conversion calculator, quick reference guide, mariner's formulae, sea ports finder and more. © Copyright m-i-link.com. Page 20 of 112. Updated 19-01-13.
(21) m-i-link.com Maritime Dictionary cathodic protection. the prevention of corrosion by making the metal to protect a cathode; this is because when corrosion occurs in an electrolyte, corrosion cells are set up causing electric currents to flow out from anodes to cathodes; the anodes give itself up or corrode and the cathodes receive current or get protected; on a ship, cathodic protection is applied on the ship's hull, sea water piping system, ballast tanks, etc.. catwalk. an elevated walkway running in the fore and aft direction along the centreline of a ship from poop deck to forecastle deck; provides safe acccess to bow during heavy seas; generally found in large tanker. caulk. of wooden vessel, to make a joint watertight by filling the seams between the planks with oakum or similar material. cavitation. a phenomenon in which the pressure within a liquid falls to a level low enough for the liquid to vaporise and form local cavities; this may occur in a propeller rotating in water causing a drop in propeller efficiency and pitting on blade surfaces. CBFS. Carbon Black Feedstock is a mixture of C12 and higher components rich in naphthalene, methyl-indenes, anthracene, fluorene and other poly-aromatic components; it originates from the high temperature cracking of petroleum fractions. cell. of electricity, a device for converting chemical energy into electrical energy; it basically consists of two electrodes immersed in an electrolyte; also known as primary cell. Celsius. the measurement unit for temperature where 0 C is the freezing temperature and o 100 C is the boiling point for water; also known as Centigrade. centre of buoyancy. the geometrical centre of the volume of water displaced by a floating ship, that is, where the total moments of the displaced volume about this centre is zero. centre of flotation. the geometrical centre of the waterplane areas around which a ship may be assumed to trim. centre of gravity. the geometrical centre of a ship through which the whole weight of the ship may be assumed to act. centreline. the middle line of a ship running in the fore and aft direction. centrifugal pump. one design of pump which uses centrifugal force to transfer the fluid; it basically consists of a rotating impeller enclosed within a stationary volute casing; during operations, the fluid is sucked through the centre of the casing and discharged tangentially. certificate of competency. certificate issued to seafarers after passing examinations conducted to test their competency in handling ship's matters; may be divided into deck and engine categories and graded from class 5 to 1 where 1 being the highest grade. o. certificate of registry a certificate stating the identity of a ship and provides evidence of title to ownership. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ www.m-i-link.com - Feature maritime directory, marine links, job centre, pro net, marketplace, event calendar, community, forum, dictionary, acronym, conversion calculator, quick reference guide, mariner's formulae, sea ports finder and more. © Copyright m-i-link.com. Page 21 of 112. Updated 19-01-13.
(22) m-i-link.com Maritime Dictionary Cesser and lien clause. clause in a voyage charterparty which stipulates that the charterer's liability ceases once the cargo has been shipped and the owners have a lien on the cargo for freight, deadfreight, demurrage and general average contributions. Cesser clause. clause in a voyage charterparty which stipulates that the charterer's liability ceases once the cargo has been shipped. cetane index. a measure of the ignition quality of fuel; the higher the indices the shorter the ignition lags and easier the fuel will ignite. CFR. Cost and Freight, a shipping term in which the exporter clears the goods for export and pays the costs and freight of transporting the goods to the port of destination; however, all risk and additional costs is transferred to the importer or buyer once the goods pass the ship's rail in the load port. CFR liner out. Cost and Freight inclusive of unloading charges at the port of destinations. chafing gear. a general term used to describe any mechanism designed to protect the wire cable against damage caused by rubbing against any steel structure such as stern of a tug. chafing plate. a plate to protect against chafing. chain. connected metal rings or links used for holding anchor, fastening timber cargoes, etc.. chain locker. a compartment usually at the forward end of a ship which is used to store the anchor chain; the cable chain goes in and out through a hawse pipe. chain plate. plate for attaching the shroud or standing rigging to the hull. chain stopper. a device for securing the chain cable when riding at anchor as well as securing the anchor in the housed position in the hawse pipe, thereby relieving the strain on the windlass. chainage. a length measured by a surveyor's tape or chain. chalk test. a type of weathertightness test carried out on hatch cover system - the chalk is first rubbed on the compression bar around the hatch, and then the hatch covers are closed; after opening, the imprint on the rubber seal should be continuous indicating proper contact see hose test, ultrasonic test. chandler. one who sells supplies to ships. Charley Noble. refer to the galley's smoke pipe; named after an English sea captain who was well known for setting a high standard in the polish of the brass fittings aboard his ship. chart. a detailed map of the sea bottom and coast for navigational use. chart datum. depth of water at the lowest astronomical tide, i.e. spring tide. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ www.m-i-link.com - Feature maritime directory, marine links, job centre, pro net, marketplace, event calendar, community, forum, dictionary, acronym, conversion calculator, quick reference guide, mariner's formulae, sea ports finder and more. © Copyright m-i-link.com. Page 22 of 112. Updated 19-01-13.
(23) m-i-link.com Maritime Dictionary charterer. a person or firm who enters into a contract with a shipowner for the transportation of cargo or passengers for a stipulated period of time, i.e. a shipowner's customer. charterparty. a written contract between shipowner and charterer whereby a ship is hired; all terms, conditions and exceptions are stated in the contract. chaser. device used to locate and recover a buried anchor during anchor handling operation. chassis. trailer or wheeled unit on which a container is placed in order to transport container by road. chemical tanker. a tanker designed to carry chemical products; also known as chemical carrier. China Classification Society. the Chinese Classification Society or CCS for short. chinchoo. person who acts as a shipowner and stays on board when the ship is sailing and in port; common practice in Indonesian vessels to protect the owner's interests. chine. the angular intersection formed where the sides and bottom of a flat or V-bottomed boat meet; also written as chime. chine bar. a round solid steel bar running along the chine. chips. another name for carpenter. chock. 1. wooden block used as a wedge to keep things from shifting when a ship rolls; 2. metal piece fitted precisely between machinery and its foundation to achieve alignment; in place of metal pieces, resin can be poured in place after alignment; 3. heavy metallic ring-like fitting placed around the weather deck through which wires or ropes pass to the pier for mooring. chokepoint. narrow shallow sea corridor; a place at sea where geography and water depth combined to create a narrow shallow corridor for submarines and surface ships necessitating a speed reduction. chronometer. a special clock constructed to give very accurate time; used in navigation. CIF. Cost, Insurance and Freight, a shipping term basically similar to CFR but with an additional insurance coverage included in the price of goods. CIP. Cost and Insurance Paid to..., a shipping term basically similar to CPT but with an additional insurance coverage included in the price of goods. circuit breaker. mechanical device for protecting against an overcurrent fault in an electrical circuit; unlike a fuse, it can be used to make and break the circuit under normal as well as faulty conditions, e.g. short circuit. clampmeter. an instrument for measuring larger magnitude of electrical current flow than can be measured by ammeter, as in power supply. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ www.m-i-link.com - Feature maritime directory, marine links, job centre, pro net, marketplace, event calendar, community, forum, dictionary, acronym, conversion calculator, quick reference guide, mariner's formulae, sea ports finder and more. © Copyright m-i-link.com. Page 23 of 112. Updated 19-01-13.
(24) m-i-link.com Maritime Dictionary clarifier. a rotating machinery for separating solids from liquid by the use of centrifugal force; it is arranged to discharge a single liquid and no sealing water is required, unlike purifier. classification society. an organisation which establishes and maintains proper technical standards for the construction and classification of ships, supervises their construction and carries out regular surveys of ships in service to ensure continued seaworthiness and compliance with safety standards. Clause paramount. clause inserted in a contract of carriage to indicate that the Hague Rules or HagueVisby Rules are applicable to the bills of lading issued; also known as Paramount clause. clean ballast. water ballast that is free of any oily mixtures. clean on board. traditional clause used on Letters of Credit to guarantee that cargo has been loaded in good conditions, not damaged; originally applicable for break bulk and bulk shipments but not for containerised cargo in FCL conditions, where carriers do not have visible access to the cargo to check its conditions.. clean petroleum products. refer to oil products that do not stain the surfaces in contact with them, e.g. jet fuel, gasoline, diesel oil, etc.; also known as clean products compare dirty petroleum products. cleat. a fitting with two projecting arms or horns for securing ropes. clew. the lower aft corner of a sail compare tack. clingage. residual oil that remained on the walls of pipes or on the internal surfaces of tanks after most of the oil has been removed. clinker-built boat. wooden boat built by overlapping the strakes and clinking or filling the seams with oakum to make the boat watertight. clinometer. an instrument for measuring a ship's angle of inclination or heel. clipper. a name applied to fast ship with sails. close quarter. area around a vessel where a collision with an approaching vessel could not be avoided by the action of the approached vessel alone if the approaching vessel made a major, sudden and unexpected course change. close-hauled. 1. sailing with the wind forward of the beam; 2. sailing as close to wind as possible. closed conference. one type of liner conference which restricts membership of a new line into the group to protect the members' market share in a particular trade compare open conference. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ www.m-i-link.com - Feature maritime directory, marine links, job centre, pro net, marketplace, event calendar, community, forum, dictionary, acronym, conversion calculator, quick reference guide, mariner's formulae, sea ports finder and more. © Copyright m-i-link.com. Page 24 of 112. Updated 19-01-13.
(25) m-i-link.com Maritime Dictionary cloud point. temperature at which wax begins to separate from the oil when cooled; indicated by appearance of cloud or haze. coaming. a raised vertical erection around each hatch, or deck opening to prevent water from getting down the opening. coaming bar. the horizontal plate at the top of the coaming structure. coaster. a ship which trades along the coast of a country. cock. a type of valve which controls the flow of fluid by a plug; the plug has a through o hole which is designed to shut by rotating the hole 90 away from the line of flow. CODMAE. stand for Combined Diesel Mechanical And Electric; refers to one of the hybrid propulsion configurations. cofferdam. void space between two bulkheads or "walls" that receives and retains any liquid that has leaked through one bulkhead. coffin plate. plate used to connect the flat plate keel to the stern frame. coiled ship. vessel with steam heating coils in the liquid cargo tanks to keep the cargoes warm so as to maintain pumpability, e.g. oil tanker, product tanker, etc.. cold filter plugging point. measures the ability of fuel to flow at low temperature; the lower the CFPP, the lower is the ambient temperature at which the fuel can run without causing problem. cold ironing. describe the process of providing shore side electrical power to a ship at berth while its main and auxiliary engines are turned off. It permits emergency equipment, refrigeration, cooling, heating, lighting and other equipment to receive continuous electrical power while the ship loads or unloads its cargo in port; also known as alternative maritime power or AMP for short. cold work. any work that has no chance to create a source of ignition. collect freight. freight payable at destination provided the ship delivers the cargo as specified. collier. bulk carrier specially constructed for the carriage of coal; loading by gravity from chutes and discharge may be by grabs or conveyor belt system. collision. striking of two vessels that are in motion compare allision. collision bulkhead. the foremost transverse watertight bulkhead which is designed to prevent water flooding the forward cargo hold in the event of head-on collision. colours. a ship's national ensign. combi-tug. a conventional single screw tug equipped additionally with an azimuthing propulsion unit beneath the bow to improve manoeuvrability. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ www.m-i-link.com - Feature maritime directory, marine links, job centre, pro net, marketplace, event calendar, community, forum, dictionary, acronym, conversion calculator, quick reference guide, mariner's formulae, sea ports finder and more. © Copyright m-i-link.com. Page 25 of 112. Updated 19-01-13.
(26) m-i-link.com Maritime Dictionary comfort zone. commence of sea passage. of air conditioning, zone found most comfortable by vast majority of people when sedentary, i.e. not engaged in vigorous exercise; mainly affected by relative humidity (RH) which influences one's sensation of 'hot' or 'cold'; it is defined within o o o four points on the psychrometric chart, namely 20 C 70% RH, 27 C 70% RH, 22 C o 40% RH and 29 C 40% RH starts when the vessel reaches its designed cruising speed after departing port. commins. a 19th Century term which may be a corruption of "coamings". e.g. as in Customs searched the ship "from the commins to the keel". commodity box rate. box rate for a particular commodity; CBR for short. companion way. access hatch with stairway linking between decks. compartment. any one of the spaces created when a ship is divided by watertight bulkheads and doors. compass deviation. angle between the north point of the compass and the direction of the magnetic meridian. compass error. the angle between the North-South line of compass and the true meridian at a position. compass rose. graduated circle diagram on a chart or compass card that shows the direction of true and magnetic bearings. complement. the number of crew members required to man a ship. compression bar. of hatch cover, a steel bar designed to force against the rubber seal when the cover is closed to achieve weathertight joint. compressor. machine for compressing a gas (e.g. air or refrigerant gas) to increase its pressure; compression may be achieved by mechanically reducing the gaseous volume using reciprocating piston in a cylinder or by using centrifugal force to impart energy to the gas see air compressor, reefer compressor, turbocharger. conbulker. a combination carrier designed to carry containers and bulk cargoes. condenser. heat exchanger in which vapour is reduced to liquid after releasing heat, e.g. steam condenser, refrigerant condenser. connecting rod. a rod connecting lower end of piston rod with crank pin of a reciprocating diesel engine. conning. act of directing the course and speed of a ship. Conrodson Carbon Residue. measures the tendency of a fuel to form carbon deposits under high temperature conditions in the absence of air. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ www.m-i-link.com - Feature maritime directory, marine links, job centre, pro net, marketplace, event calendar, community, forum, dictionary, acronym, conversion calculator, quick reference guide, mariner's formulae, sea ports finder and more. © Copyright m-i-link.com. Page 26 of 112. Updated 19-01-13.
(27) m-i-link.com Maritime Dictionary consignee. one to whom cargo is sent as stated on the bill of lading. consignment. a shipment of cargo to consignee; the act of shipping goods to another. consignor. the person or firm named in the bill of lading as the shipper. consolidation. of shipment, a shipping method whereby a freight forwarder or consolidator brings together individual consignments from various shippers into a single shipment to obtain preferential rates; at the destination, the consolidation is then sorted into its original component consignments and forwarded to their consignees; also known as groupage. consolidator. a freight forwarder who combines a number of smaller shipments from a group of exporters for one destination in order to obtain better rates; also known as groupage contractor. constructive total loss. the loss may be considered constructive when the cost of salvage or repair for the damage occurred exceeds the insured value; in this case, the assured may go for a partial loss and retain ownership of the subject, or go for actual total loss and leave the subject to the insurer. container. a large metal box of standard size for carrying goods; twenty feet and forty feet long containers are common when transporting by sea. containership. ship designed to carry standard sized containers prepacked with cargo for ease of loading and unloading operation; also known as boxship. Continuous Synopsis Record. an official document carried onboard a trading vessel which records the ownership history of that vessel for easy traceability. contract of affreightment. a contract to carry a large volume of specific cargo over a long period of time between agreed ports or regions; unlike a charter, the ship used for the shipment is not named but based on general requirements specified by the cargo owner; COA for short. controllable pitch propeller. a propeller with blades that can be rotated in position to achieve ahead, astern or neutral thrust, the main engine only needs to run in a constant direction; also known as variable pitch propeller or CPP for short. cooler. heat exchanger in which the hotter liquid is cooled down after releasing heat to the cooling medium such as sea water or fresh water; examples of its use on board are lubricating oil cooler, jacket cooling water cooler, sea water cooler, air cooler, etc.. copper strip corrosion. measures the tendency of a petroleum product to corrode pure copper. corrosion inhibitor. a substance which effectively reduces the rate of corrosion of a metal when introduced in small quantity to the corrosive environment. corsair. pirate or pirate ship. Coulomb. the unit of electrical quantity and is equal to one ampere per second. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ www.m-i-link.com - Feature maritime directory, marine links, job centre, pro net, marketplace, event calendar, community, forum, dictionary, acronym, conversion calculator, quick reference guide, mariner's formulae, sea ports finder and more. © Copyright m-i-link.com. Page 27 of 112. Updated 19-01-13.
(28) m-i-link.com Maritime Dictionary course recorder. a device to record the course and heading taken by the ship during a voyage. cowl. a specially shaped fitting on top of natural ventilation trunk which can be rotated to collect and direct air through the trunking to a particular place; helps to improve air flow. coxswain. the person in charge of steering a boat. CPT. Carriage Paid To.., a shipping term in which the exporter clears the goods for export and pays the costs and freight of transporting the goods to the port of destination; however, all risk and additional costs is transferred to the importer or buyer once the goods have been received by the first carrier. cradle. temporary framework that supports the hull of a vessel under construction and during launching. crane. a machine for lifting and moving heavy weights. crankshaft. shaft that supports reciprocating pistons while rotating in bearings as in a diesel engine; consists of journals, crank webs and crankpins. crash stop. part of the various sea trials to measure a newly built vessel's handling characteristics, this test requires a vessel running at full speed to be stopped by going full astern instantly so as to measure any undesirable deviation from the original heading. crew. a person working on board a ship. critical speed. of diesel engine, the rotating speed at which the resonant condition occurs, i.e. the engine-generated frequency coincides with any one of the natural frequencies of the engine shafting system creating higher stresses. cross joint. of hatch cover, where hatch covers meet when close. cross tree. athwartship erection across the mast. crosshead. a rectangular block which connects and acts as a hinge between the lower end of piston rod and the upper end of connecting rod in an engine; at its athwartship faces, it carries guide shoes which transmit the side thrust of the connecting rod to the guides on the columns. crow. long iron lever made with a forked wedge at one end. crow's feet. small lines radiating from a luff or eye. crow's nest. 1. elevated look-out station near the mast head 2. of tug, a very small wheel house located high above the superstructure to give the tug master a better all-round view during operations. cuddy. forward cabin in a small boat. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ www.m-i-link.com - Feature maritime directory, marine links, job centre, pro net, marketplace, event calendar, community, forum, dictionary, acronym, conversion calculator, quick reference guide, mariner's formulae, sea ports finder and more. © Copyright m-i-link.com. Page 28 of 112. Updated 19-01-13.
(29) m-i-link.com Maritime Dictionary cunningham hole. a ringed hole located a short distance up from the tack of a sail; serves as an eye for tensioning the luff. currency adjustment factor. surcharge applied to freight rate by a carrier to offset foreign currency fluctuations; CAF for short. customary despatch time allowed for the charterer to load/discharge the cargo at the loading/discharging port; CD for short; also known as customary quick despatch or CQD cutout. opening intentionally cut in structural members to facilitate continuity of welding seams, criss-crossing structural members to pass through or simply for drainage. cutter. sailing boat with one mast, bowsprit and fore and aft sails. cycloidal propeller. a propulsion unit consisting of a series of upright blades fitted to a hub that rotates about a vertical axis; the hydrofoil-shaped blades moves in a circular path at constant speed; when their pitch is changed at different positions along the orbit, a propulsive thrust is produced in a corresponding direction; this propulsion unit offers a greater degree of control than a conventional screw propeller as the thrust can be applied in any direction and has better manoeuvrability when going astern; also known as Voith Schneider propeller after their inventors, Ernst Schneider and JM Voith in 1928. cylinder. round, tubular chamber in which a piston reciprocates. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ www.m-i-link.com - Feature maritime directory, marine links, job centre, pro net, marketplace, event calendar, community, forum, dictionary, acronym, conversion calculator, quick reference guide, mariner's formulae, sea ports finder and more. © Copyright m-i-link.com. Page 29 of 112. Updated 19-01-13.
(30) m-i-link.com Maritime Dictionary. D Term. Definition. damaged stability. describe the ability of a ship to remain upright when damaged; merchant shipping regulations specify certain minimum standards to be satisfied under damaged conditions. dangerous goods. cargo which is classified as potentially hazardous; e.g. inflammable, toxic, explosive, radioactive substances, etc.. davit. a fitting for lifting and lowering boat or heavy items at the ship's sides; in its simplest form, may look like an inverted L-shaped steel pipe mounted on deck. DDP. Delivered Duty Paid, a shipping term in which the seller has to bear all the costs and risks including duties, taxes and other charges of delivering and clearing the goods to the named destination. Whilst the term Ex Works, EXW represents the minimum obligation to the seller, DDP represents the maximum. Compare to Delivered Duty Unpaid. DDU. Delivered Duty Unpaid, a shipping term in which the shipper has to bear all the costs and risks to deliver the goods to the named destination except duties, taxes and any charges payable for importation Compare to Delivered Duty Paid. deadeye. wooden block with holes to receive shroud or stay and allow them to be tightened. deadfreight. a form of compensation payable by the charterer or shipper to the shipowner when the charterer is unable to load the cargo quantity agreed in the charterparty; the amount payable is the loss of freight equivalent to the cargo unavailable. deadlight. steel, hinged cover to protect the porthole's glass in heavy weather or to prevent lights inside the ship from showing outside; it can be mechanically secured by screws and nuts. deadrise. athwartship rise of the bottom plating from the keel to the bilge, i.e. making the keel lower than the port and starboard bilge turns; also known as rise of floor. deadship. describes a ship without electrical and propulsion power. deadweight. total weight of cargo, stores, fuel and water needed to submerge a ship from her light draught to her maximum permitted draught; it is given by the difference between the load displacement and light displacement (also known as lightweight); DWT for short. deballast. act of taking out ballast; usually refers to pumping out of sea water from the ballast tanks. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ www.m-i-link.com - Feature maritime directory, marine links, job centre, pro net, marketplace, event calendar, community, forum, dictionary, acronym, conversion calculator, quick reference guide, mariner's formulae, sea ports finder and more. © Copyright m-i-link.com. Page 30 of 112. Updated 19-01-13.
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