Storage Tanks

Chevron U.S.A.

Inc.

Western Region

EL &

P

STORAGE TANKS

TANK SELECTION

-

(JAC)

A, GENERAL

B

,

BASIC DATA

REQUIRED

CAPACITY

SEEVICE

AND

USE

LIQUID

PROPERTIES

SITE CONDITIONS

FIRE

PROTECTION

REQUI~EMENTS

GOY

ERNMENTAL

REGULATIONS

C, TANK DIMENSIONS

CONE

ROOF

TANKS

SHELL THICKNESS

LIMITATIONS

SEISMIC

DESIGN

LIMITATIONS

D, ROOF SELECTION

GENERAL

VAPOR EMI

ss

I O N

CONTROL (EVAPORATION

LOSSES)

FIRE

PROTECTION

EXPLOSION

H A Z A ~ B

VAPOR

SPACE CORROSION

E, GONE WOOFS

F

,

BOTTOM

GONFIGU2ATI

ON

1 1 ,

TANK DESIGN

-

(JAC)

BPI

STANDARD

650

A$

I

IBt4OGRkY

SPEC

IFHCATIBNS

E6-967

AND

E6-968

AVAILABLE

COMPUTER PROGWMS

BASIC

DATA

DESZGPJ

METAL

TEHPEXATURE

M ~ x z i d u n

FILLIHG

AND

EHPTYING RATES

DESIGN

~ H N D

VELQCISY

%ARTHQUAKE

ZONE

ROOF

LOADING

OVERALL

DESHGfl

CONSIDERATIONS

C ~ ~ R O S I O N

A L L O ~ ~ A N C E

BRITTLE

FRACTURE

AND QUALITY OF

STEEL

SULFIDE

C R A C K I N G

AND

TANKS

STEELS

BOWOPI

DESIGN

! ~ A T E R ~ A L S

ANF~ULWR BOTTOM

PLATES

AND

SKETCH

PLATES

PERHISSHBLE

SETVLEHENT

CATHODIC

PROTECT

ION

SHELL

DESIGN

S E L E C T I O ~ I

OF

DESIGN

BASIS

W I N D

S s a s r ~ ~ r v

OF

BANK SHELLS

EARTHQUAKE

RESISTANCE

OF

TANKS

CONE

ROOF

DESIGN

\ A T E ~ I A L S

K

MISCELLANEOUS

P R E P R I M I N G

OF

TANK STEEL

111,

SELECTION O f APPURTENANCES

-

(JRS)

A ,

IrdTRODUCTHBa

B,

FORMS EF-33C3

AND

EF-3SFR

C

,

COMPA!iY

DRAW

I

IGS

D,

API STWblDAWDS

E

,

MAtiUFACTURERS' STANDARDS

F ,

ECOtiOMY

I M

SELECTIOj

I V ,

TAMK OPENINGS

-

(JRS)

A.

B P I SHELL 14AflWOLES

B ,

LARGER ACCESSWAY

C,

SMELL NOZZLES

D, SWELL CLEANOUTS

FLUSH-TYPE

CLEANOUTS

3oow

SWEET CLEANBUTS

E,

ELBOW

6UTiEB

F,

SIPHOf4-TYPE

WATER

DRAWOFF

G ,

WATER

DRAWOFF

SUF4PS

H,

UtiDER-BO$TOH

COliFiECT I

Or4

HATER D ~ A H O F F

ELBOWS

COMB

I ~ ~ A T I O M

CLEANOUT

AND

WATER DRAW

LARGE

BOTTOM

? ~ Q Z Z L E S

I,

ROOF

MANHOLES

FUNCTION

STANDARD API ROOF ~YANHOLE

RECTANGULAR

WOOF

?!ANHOLE

J,

WINDOW SHEETS

K,

GAGE FLOAT I N INSPECTION HATCH

L,

API ROOF NOZZLES

V

,

GAGING

AND

SAPIPLING DEVICES

-

(JRS)

A ,

VAPOR-TIGHT

GAGE

HATCH

8,

FUMNEL-TYPE THIEF

AND

GAGE HATCH

C,

MULTIPLE USE HATCH

D,

GAGE WELLS

FIXED

RQOF

TANKS

E

,

TANK GAGING

V I ,

OPERATING DEVICES

-

(JRS)

A,

SWING

PIPES

GENERAL

ELBOW

SY

I

M G

$0 I NTS

CABLES

W ~ ~ c t s ~ s

CABLE SHEAVES

FOR

COME ROOF

TANKS

B ,

TANK HEATERS

AND HEAT

LOSSES

INTERNAL

HEATERS

EXTERNAL

HEATERS

TANK

MIXERS

PROPELLER TYPE

TANK 1 4 1 x 1 ~ ~

YOZZLES

THEUIAL

C t O S

i

NG

HANK VALVES

G E N E ~ A L

USES

MA

1 NTENANCE

TYPES

OF

VALVES

VII,

VAPOR

RELIEF

-

FIXED ROOF

-

(JWSI

A ,

GENERAL

B

,

VEMTIYG

CAPACITY

At49

PRESSURES

OPEN

VEHTS

BREATHER

VALYES

EMERGENCY

VENTS

VIII,

ACCESS

-

(JRS)

A ,

LADDERS

B ,

STAIRS

C ,

HANDRAILS

D

,

SPEC

I

A t NALKYAY

%

I X ,

ORDERING

DATA

-

(JWC)

A,

GENERAL

B,

TANK

8

APPURTENANCE SCHEDULE

C

,

REFERENCE DRAidIdGS

D,

TANK SPECIFICATIBHS

E n

PLANT REGULATIONS

F,

OTHER DOCUIENTS

G ,

L I S T SHEETS

TANK LOCATIOM

-

(JAC)

A,

CONSIDERATIONS

OPERATING REQUIRE~IENTS

TOPOGZAPHY

FIRE

PRBTECTHON REQUI

REPENTS

UTILIZATION

OF

PROPERTY

B ,

LOCAT

I

Of4 AdD SPAC

I

MG

GENERAL

DISTANCE

FWO:4 ~ % ? O P E ~ T Y

LINES

AND

PUBLIC

Ways

SHELL-TO-SWELL SPACING

SPACING

FROM

OPERATING

FACILITIES

C ,

IMPOUNDING

AND D R A I ~ A G E

DRAINAGE

TAMK

YARD

WALLS

DIKE

ENCLOSURE CAPACITY

TANK FOUNDATIONS

-

(JAC)

A ,

SCOPE

B,

PURPOSE

C

,

INTRODUCTIOII

D.

BACMGROUl\aT)

SOIL PROPERTIES

SETTLEMNT

EDGE SETTLEWENT

E,

BES I

Gi4 GUIDELINES

F,

SITE COiiDITIO3IS

SOIL

TYPE

SMALL TANKS

6,

CORROSION

H,

ENVIRONMENTAL RISK

I,

APPURTE?iANCES

J,

ADDITIONAL IMFORl4ATION

X I I ,

CONNECTING LINES (JAC)

A ,

PURPOSE AND SCOPE

B ,

REQU

IZEFIEflTS

FOR

FLEXIBILITY

C,

METHODS OF PROVIDING FLEXIBILITY

D

,

PIPING BENDS

E,

VALVES AND FITTINGS

F,

FLEXIBLE JOINTS

G,

FLEXIBLE METAL HOSE

X I I I ,

TANK MAINTEMANCE

-

(MWM)

A,

SCOPE

B ,

CLEAN

I

NG

GENERAL

ACCESS DOOR SHEETS

AND

ROOF

~ I N D O W S

@ ,

SHELL

GENERAL

RERATING

AND

RETIRING

STRESSES

FREQUENCY

OF

INSPECTI

ON

INSPECTION

OF

SHELL

LAMINATED

PLATE

REFERENCES

D ,

BOT'TOPIS

GENERAL

STRESSES

EVIDENCE

OF

FAILURE

INSPECTION

AFTER CLEANING

SANPLES

SHELL

T O

BOTTOM CONNECTION

UPPER SURFACE

CORROSION

REPAIR

OF

DEFECTS

BY

WELDING

NAJQR

BOTTOM REPAIR

HETHQBS

REFERENCES

FIBERGLASS

WE

INFORCED

POLYESTER COATINGS

UNREINFORCED

PLASTIC

COATINGS

CONCRETE FILL

GEL^

MUD FILLS

CATHODIC PROTECTION

ROOF

GENERAL

FOUIiDAY

ION

PAD

SETTLEHENT DUE

TO

CO~I!PRESSION

PROTECTIVE COATI iVGS

INTERNAL

PROTECTION

USE

OF

GUWITE

?LAST

1

c

COAT

1 MG AND

PATCH

1 NG

REFERENCES

PAINTING

REFERENCE

H ,

APROMS

ANII

GUTTERS

GENERAL

X I V

HOT TAPPING OF TAHKS

IN

SERVICE

-

(JAC)

A,

GENERAL

B

,

SAFETY PRECAUTIBfiS

C,

EQUIPMENT

D

8

I NSPECTIOf4

E ,

STAHDARDS

F 8

PROCEDURE

PIPE CONNECTIONS

OVER

2

I N C H E S

G ,

FIRE

PROTECTION

XV

DETERMINATION

OF

INSPECTION INTERVALS

-

(NWM)

A,

SCOPE

B ,

OBJECTIVE

C

,

DEFINITIONS

B ,

INSPECTIONS

E,

I MSPECTIBN INTERVAL

F ,

OTHER FACTORS

G ,

CORROSION

H,

CORRECTIVE WORK

I ,

REPORTS

XVI

,

PRODUCTION TANKS

-

(JRS)

A ,

I NTRODUCTION

B, CODE AND STAPdDARDS

API STANDARES

O S j A

~ E G U L A T I O M S

OTHER

REGULATIONS

C

,

DESI

GM

COiiSSDERATIOfiS

SCOPE

G E N E R A L

COLD

~ I E W T H E R S E R V I C E

W I N D

S T A B I L I T Y

EARTHQUAKE

S T A B I L I T Y

I,

TANK

SELECTIOM

A,

GENERAL

THE

PURCHASE OF A TANK OR GROUP OF TANKS INVOLVES THREE P R I M A R Y PHASES OF E N G I N E E R I N G WORM BEFORE A CONTRACT COVERING F A 3 R I C A T I O N AND E R E C T I O N CAN BE COMPLETED,

THESE

PHASES ARE: SELECT THE TANK DIMENSIONS AND TYPE OF ROOF APPROPRIATE FOR THE S E R V I C E C O N D I T I O N S AND

, LOCATION, D E S I G N THE TANK, AND F I N A L L Y , SELECT THE

PROPER APPURTENANCES,

THIS

WORK I S NECESSARY FOR THE

PREPARATION OF THE

TANK

AND

APPURTENANCE

SCHEDULE

FORMS, EF-33CR

FOR CONE-ROOF TANKS AND

EF-33FW

FOR FLOATING-ROOF TANKS, WHICH ARE THE B A S I C DOCUMENTS F O 2 DESCRIBING AND SPECIFYING A TANK,

FULL

SIZE TRANSPARENC I ES OF

EF-33CR

AND

EF-333

ARE AVAILABLE FROM

CORPOWATIOPI

ENGINEERING,

THE

I N F O R M A T I O N AND GUIDANCE P R O V I D E D I S D I R E C T E D TOWARD V E R T I C A L ABOVE-GROUND WELDED S T E E L TANKS FOR ATMOSPHERIC STORAGE S I N C E THEY REPRESENT THE M A J O R I T Y

OF TANKS USED WITHIN THE

COMPANY,

THE

FOLLOWING BIANUALS OF THE

CORPORATION

ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT

MUST BE CONSULTED I N S E L E C T I N G AND D E S I G N I N S TANKS :

I N

ADDITION, THE

FOLLOWING

DESIGN PRACTICES

OF

THE

CORPORATION

ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT

PROVIDE

USEFUL TOOLS

,.

AND INFORMATION:

1,

D-131-8

FIRE PROTECTION

FOR

LARGE

TANKS

2,

D-131-9

COHPUTEW

PROGRAMS,

WIND

1"

AND

WIND

2%

3 ,

D-131-10

COMPUTER

PROGRAM,

AP165"

"4.

D-131-15

COMPUTER

PROGRAN,

TANKE

B ,

BASIC

DATA

THE

NOMINAL CAPACITY IS THE TOTAL VOLUME TO THE TOP

OF

THE SHELL

EXPRESSED

IN ROUND NUHBERS; THE GROSS

CAPACITY IS

THE

SAME VOLUME ACCURATE

STATED,

THE

OPERATING CAPACITY

IS USABLE

VOLUME,

THE

D I F F E R E N C E

REPRESENTS DEAD STORAGE WHICH IS UNAVAILABLE BECAUSE

OF

MI N I MUM

w

I THDRAWAL LEVEL.

UNAVAILABLE

I NVENTORY SHOULD HOLD TO A M I N I M U M AND SHOULD NOT B E OVERLOOKED I N S I Z I N G A TANK,

ROST

OPERATING O R G A N I Z A T I O N S HAVE STANDARDS WHIC51 S P E C I F Y THE SAFE F I L L I N G H E I G H T FOR NEW TANKS, AND T H I S WILL F I X THE UNUSED STORAGE VOLUME AT THE TOP OF THE TANK,

FOR

CONE ROOF TANKS, T H I S STOWAGE WILL GENERALLY

,. 5:

BE

6"

TO

12"

OF SHELL HEIGHT,

FOR

TANKS LOCATED IN EARTHQUAKE ZONES

3

AND

4,

C O N S I D E R A T I O N SHOULD B E G I V E N TO I N C R E A S I N G THE UNUSED VOLUME A T THE TOP OF THE TANK TO ALLOW FOR SLOSHING OF THE CONTENTS THAT MAY OCCUR D U R I N G Afd EARTHQUAKE I M ORDER TO A V O I D STOCK S P I L L A G E AND DANAGE TO THE ROOF AND UPPER SHELL.

GENERALLY,

A

FREEBOARD OF

2

F E E T W I L L B E S U F F I C I E N T ,

IN

C O N S I D E R I N G WHETHER TO P R O V I D E T H I S FREEBOARD, THE P R O B A B I L I T Y OF OCCURRENCE OF AN EARTHQUAKE W I T H A F U L L TANK AND THE PROBABLE LOSS DUE TO SLOSHING I F FREEBOARD I S NOT P R O V I D E D SHOULD BE WEIGHED A G A I N S T THE VALUE OF THE UNUSED STORAGE C A P A C I T Y ,

IN

THE FINAL DESIGNS EVERY REASONABLE AND ECONOMIC C O N S I D E R A T I O N SHOULD B E G I V E N TO M I N I r U I I Z I M G T H I S

INVENTORY,

THE

MINIMUM OPERATING LEVEL FOR A CONE ROOF TANK MUST S A T I S F Y THE S U C T I O N REQUIREMENTS OF THE L I Q U I D WITHDRAWAL PUMPS,

THERE

ARE SITUATIONS IN NHICH SERVICE AND USE CONDITIONS.

BOTH PRESENT AND FUTURE8 WILL D I C T A T E TANK S E L E C T I O N RATHER THAN THE L I Q U I D P R O P E R T I E S AND REQUIRED C A P A C I T Y OF THE F I R S T STOCK TO BE STBREE).

MOST

OFTEN THESE WILL RELATE TO THE TYPE OF ROOF SELECTED,

FOR

EXAMPLE, STORAGE OF FINISHED J E T F U E L MAY REQUIRE A CONE WOOF TANK E Q U I P P E D W I T H AM

I N T E R N A L F L O A T I N G ROOF I N ORDER TO M A I N T A I N PRODUCT S P E C I F I C A T I O N S W I T H RESPECT 80 WATER CONTENT,

DATA

ON THE FOLLOWING LIQUID PROPERTIES IS REQUIRED FOR BOTH

1,

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

2,

TRUE

VAPOR

PRESSURE,

P S I A

3,

CORROSIVITY

4,

FLASHPOINT

KNOWLEDGE

OF THE SITE CONDITIONS WILL BE REQUI~ED,

THE

ALLOWABLE S O I L B E A R I N G PRESSURE MAY BE THE CONTROLLING FACTOR I N S E L E C T I N G THE TANK H E I G H T ,

SOME

D I F F E R E N T I A L SETTLEMENT BETWEEN THE TANK P E R I P H E R Y AND THE CENTER OF THE TANK CAN NORMALLY B E ACCOMMODATED, AND U N I F O R M SETTLEMENT OVER THE E N T I R E AREA I S SELDOM A PROBLEM EXCEPT I N THE D E S I G N OF TANK L I N E S ,

IN

S E I S M I C A L L Y A C T I V E AREAS, THE S I T E SHOULD B E I N V E S T I G A T E D TO DETERMINE THE P O T E N T I A L FOR L I Q U E F A C T I O N D U R I N G AM EARTHQUAKE,

OTHER

SITE CONDITIONS WHICH MAY AFFECT TANK DIMENSIONS

I N C L U D E :

1,

SPACE

AVAILABLE MAY BE RESTRICTED REQUIRING HIGHER

2,

TOPOGRAPHY

AND REQUIRED EARTHWORK MAY BE SUCH AS TO L I M I T THE DIAMETER OF THE TANK AND CORRESPONDINGLY

INCREASE THE H E I G H T ,

3 ,

PREVAILING

HEIGHT IN AN ESTABLISHED TANK AREA MAY LIMIT D E V I A T I O N THEREFROM I N ORDER TO M A I N T A I N l l N I FORM ACCESS BETWEEN TANKS, GENERAL APPEARANCE OF THE GROUP, OR FOR OTHER REASONS,

THE

FIRE PROTECTION

MANUAL

DEFINES

COMPANY,

INDUSTRY

AND

GOVERNMENTAL

REQUIREMENTS THAT

w

ILL AFFECT THE DETERHINAT ION

OF TANK D I M E N S I O N S AND THE S E L E C T I O N OF THE TYPE OF ROOF,

THESE

INCLUDE :

1.

SPACING

OF TANKS AND MINIMUM DISTANCE FROM PROPERTY L I N E S ,

2,

THE

TYPE OF ROOF REQUIRED FOR CERTAIN SERVICES,

FOR

EXAMPLE, FLOATING ROOFS ARE REQUIRED ON TANKS OVER

120

F E E T D I A N E T E R THAT ARE USED FOR THE STORAGE OF ANY STOCK H A V I N G A F L A S H P O I N T LOWER THAN

100oF,

ASIDE

FROM THE FIRE PROTECTION THE MAIN THRUST OF GOVERNMENTAL REGULATIONS RELATED TO TANK SELECTION I S I N THE AREA OF A I R Q U A L I T Y CONTROL,

FOR

ANY GIVEN CAPACITY THERE WILL BE SEVERAL PRACTICAL

COMBINATIONS OF DIAMETER AND HEIGHT,

SITE

CONDITIONS

THAT MAY AFFECT TANK DIMENSIONS HAVE BEEN PREVIOUSLY DISCUSSED,

OTHERS

ARE : LAND VALUE, FOUNDATIONS COSTS AND, TO A MINOR EXTENT, TANK P A I N T I N G COSTSm

MINIMIZING

DEAD STORAGE FAVORS A SMALLER DIAMETER, HIGHER TANK,

WITH

FEW EXCEPTIONS, TANK HEIGHTS ARE MULTIPLES OF

6

OR

8

FEET,

THE

LATTER COURSE HEIGHT IS GENERALLY

PREFERRED BY TANK FABRICATORS S I N C E I T REDUCES THE NUMBER OF F I E L D CIRCUMFERENTIAL WELDS,

THE CAPACITY RANGE OF

25,000

TO

lOO,OOO

BBLS THE

ECONOMIC HEIGHT WILL GENERALLY BE

48

FEET,

FOR

LARGE C A P A C I T Y TANKS, OVER

200,000

B B L S t THE ECONOMIC H E I G H T

WILL GENERALLY DROP TO

40

FEET,

THIS

IS DUE T O THE

E X C E S S I V E COST OF P R O V I D I N G ADEQUATE ROOF SUPPORTS FOR H I G H E R TANKS,

THE.

LIMITATION IN

API-650

ON MAXIMUM SHELL THICKNESS MAY ALSO L I M I T THE H E I G H T OF LARGE TANKS,

IN

S E I S M I C A L L Y A C T I V E AREAS, EARTHQUAKE D E S I G N C R I T E R I A MAY L I M I T TANKS TO H E I G H T S BELOW WHAT WOULD OTHERWISE BE ECONOMIC,

TANKS

IN SEISMIC ZONE

4

WILL GENERALLY BE LIMITED TO A HEIGHT TO DIAMETER RATIO OF ABOUT

0,5:1

FOR SMALL TANKS ON SOFT SOILS TO

0.6:

1

FOR LARGE TANKS

ON FIRM SOILS.

FOR

SMALL TAIVKS (UNDER ABOUT

3000

BBL,

CAPACITY) GREATER H E I G H T TO D I A M E T E R R A T I O S CAN B E USED

B Y ANCHOR I FIG THE T,1NK

HOWEVER,

ANCHOR I NG I S GENERALLY NOT P R A C T I C A L FOR LARGER TANKS AND NOT RECOMMENDED BECAUSE OF THE LARGE L O C A L L O A D I N G IMPOSED ON THE TANK S H E L L B Y THE ANCHORS,

D .

ROOF SELECTIOPJ

THE

TYPES OF ROOFS TO BE CONSIDERED AIIE:

1)

CONE,

2)

FLOATING,

3 )

A CONE ROOF TANK WITH AN INTERNAL ROOF, AND

4)

COME ROOF TANKS W I T H VAPOR RECOVERY SYSTEMS,

FLOATING

ROOFS CAN BE FURTHER CLASSIFIED AS PAN,

PONTOONS, AND DOUBLE DECK,

CONE

ROOF TANKS FILLING LOSSES PROPORTIONAL TO THE

THROUGHPUT AND BREATHING LOSSES ROUGHLY PROPORTIONAL TO

THE VOLUME OF THE VAPOR SPACE IN THE TANK.

FLOATING

TANKS W I T H A T I G H T - F I T T I N G PRIWAliY AND SECONDARY SEALS V I R T U A L L Y E L I M I N A T E THESE EVAPORATION LOOSES,

FIRE

PROTECTIONS IS NOT A BASIC CONSIDERATION IN THE

SELECTION OF A ROOF EXCEPT FOR TANKS OVER

120

FEET I N DIAMETER,

FOR

THESE LARGE TANKS FLOATING ROOFS ARE REQUIRED FOR ANY STOCK HAYING A FLASH LOWER THAN lOOOF AND, FOR HEAVIER STOCKS STORED AT TEMPERATURES W I T H I N

A

MORE D E T A I L E D D I S C U S S I O N OF F I R E PROTECTIOiV CONS I DERATIONS IS CONTAINED IN THE

FIRE PROTECTION

MANUAL

AND THE

ENGINEERING

DEPARTPENT'S DESIGN

PRACTICE

D-131-8,

ALL

CONE ROOF TANKS C O N T A I N I N G V O L A T I L E STOCKS C O N T A I N FLAMMABLE M I X T U R E S AT T I M E S I N A PORTION OF THE VAPQZ

. SPACE,

EVERY

PRECAUTION IS T A K E N IN DEALING WITH SUCY STOCKS I N CONE ROOF TANKAGE, BUT F L O A T I N G ROOFS ARE SOMETIMES PUT ON SUCH TANKS AS A SAFETY PRECAUTION, EVEN THOUGH THEY MAY NOT BE WARRANTED B Y EVAPORATION S A V I N G S

SHELL

CORROSION IN THE VAPOR SPACE OF A CONE ROOF TANK USED FOR STORAGE OF SOUR CRUDE O I L S AND OTHER STOCKS H A V I N G S I M I L A R C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S CAN B E A SERIOUS PROBLEM,

THE

USE OF A FLOATING ROOF WHICH ELIMINATES MOST OF THE VAPOR SPACE SHOULD B E CONSIDERED I N THESE CIRCUMSTANCES,

E,

CONE ROOFS

A

COME

ROOF

IS

THE

LEAST

EXPENSIVE

AND

MOST

MAINTENANCE-FREE METHOD FOR COVERING

A

TANK,

THEY

DO

HAVE A HIGH POTENTIAL FOR INCURRING EVAPORATION LOSSES.

THIS

CHARACTERISTIC

GENERALLY L I M I T S THEIR

USE TO

RELATIVELY LOW VAPOR PRESSURE STOCKS WHERE THE SAVI

3iG

I N EVAPORATION LOSS IS NOT ENOUGH TO JUSTIFY THE HIGHER

INVESTMENT OF

A FLOATING WOOF,

CONE

ROOFS CAN

EASILY

BE

DESIGNED TO

SUPPORT

ANTICIPATED

SNOW AND ICE LOADINGS,

THUS

SNOW REHOVAL

IS MOT THE OPERATING CONCERN THAT

16

COULD

BE WITH

A

FLOATING ROOF,

ROOF

SUPPORT IS PROVIDED

BY

INTERIaR

COLUMNS

AND

ROOF RAFTERS,

THE

HIGH POTENTIAL

FOR EVAPORATION LOSS FROM

A

CONE

ROOF DOES NOT NECESSARILY PRECLUDE THEIR USE WHERE

A

GROUP OF TANKS IS

INVOLVED,

IT

MAY

BE MORE ECONOMICAL

TO INTERCONNECT THE VAPOR SPACES TO

A

COMMON VAPOR

RECOVERY SYSTEM THAN TO PROVIDE SEPARATE FLOATING

ROOFS,

F

,

BOTTOM CONFIGURATION

DRAW

I N G

GB-12474

1,

ATTACHED, S U M M A R I Z E S B A S I C CONFIGURATIONS FO3 TANK BOTTOMS AND ARRANGEMENTS FQQ PlPING AND D R A I N COMNECTIOMSm

ADVANTAGES

A N D DISADVANTAGES OF THE DIFFERENT DESIGNS ARE LISTED,

CHOICE

OF D E S I G N BEST S U I T E D FOR A P A R T I C U L A R S E R V I C E

IS INFLUENCED BY:

(1)

OPERATING REQUIREHENTS FOR T H E PRODUCT TO BE STORED:

( 2 )

MAINTENANCE CONSIDERATIONS:

I

I

,

TANK DESIGN

A ,

GENERAL

ONCE

THE DIHENSIOHS AMD TYPE OF ROOF HAVE BEEN SELECTED

FOR A TANK, THE ENGINEER HUST DESSGId AND/OR SPECIFY VARIOUS ELEMENTS OF THE TANK I N ORDER TO CQHPLETE THE

"TANK DATA"

PORTION QF

FORMS EF-33CR

OR

EF-33FR,

TANK

AND

APPURTENANCE SCHEDULE,

REFERENCE

COPIES OF THESE

FORMS ARE I N

SECTION

I X

OF T H I S MANUAL,

THE

REQUI~EMENTS AND DETAILS COVERED BY

API-050

REPRESENT MINIHUM STANDARDS,

THERE

ARE A R E A S WHERE THE

CO:~PANY

' S EXPERIENCE AND TECHNICAL JUDGMENT 2 E Q U I R E S THAT

A P I STANDARDS

BE M O D I F I E D OR EXCEEDED, THESE AREAS ARE SPECIFICALLY SET FORTH IN

SPECIFICATION

EG-

967

AND

€6-968,

THE

INFORMATIQN IN THIS SECTION AND THE FOLLOWING SECTION ON TANK APPURTENANCES WILL PERMIT THE ENGINEER TO SPECIFY THE TANK ON

FORM EF-33CR

on EF-33FR m I o n

TO REQUESTING QUOTATIONS,

B ,

API STANDARD

550

I S THE RECOGNIZED INDUSTZY STANDARD USED THROUGHOUT THE

COMPANY,

A

COPY OF THE LATEST E D I T I O N AND 'SUP?LE#ENT

C

I

A Q I

MONOGRAM

THE A Q I

MONOGRAM FOR

API-650

AND

API-628

TANKS WAS WITHDRAWN WITH

REVISION

2

OF THE

SIXTH

EDITION

OF BOT# STANDARDS,

IT

WAS REPLACED B Y A REQUIREMENT THAT THE MANUFACTFJRER S U B M I T A C E R T I F I C A T I O N THAT THE TANK HAS BEEN F U R N I S H E D I N ACCORDANCE W I T H THE A P P L I C A S L E STANDARD,

D ,

.

SPECIFICATIONS EG-967 AND EG-968

SPECIFICATION

EG-967

COVERS CONE ROOF TANKS D E S I G N E D

AND FABRICATED IN ACCORDANCE WITH

API-650

AND HAS BEEN PREPARED TO ALLOW THE E N S I N E E R OR FABRICATOR TO SELECT THE D E S I G N B A S I S AND S H E L L M A T E R I A L BASED UPON ECONOMIC C O N S I D E R A T I O N S ,

IT

HAS BEEN PREPARED TO CLEARLY D E F I N E WHERE MINI MUPI

COMPANY

STANDARDS EXCEED

API

-650,

MOST

OF THESE ADDED REQUIREMENTS P R O V I D E FOR INCREASED P R O T E C T I O N A G A I N S T B R I T T L E FRACTURE AND REQUIRE THE USE OF HIGHER Q U A L I T Y M A T E R I A L S AND WELDING PROCEDURES AS WELL AS MORE E X T E N S I V E R A D I O G R A P H I C E X A M I N A T I O N ,

E,

AVAILABLE COMPUTER

PROGRAMS

THE

FOLLOWING TIMESHARE COMPUTER PROGRAMS TO PERFORM V A R I O U S D E S I G N C A L C U L A T I O N S ARE A V A I L A B L E T H 4 0 U G Y ?YE

API-65

-

A

COHPUTER PROGRAM FOR CALCULATING SHELL

THICKNESS SEQUIRED FOR HYDROSTATIC LOADS I N ACCORDANCE

WITH

API-658

REQUIREMENTS,

DESIGN

PRACTICE

D-131-18,

WIND1

AND

WIND2

-

THESE

ARE TWO COMPUTER PROGRAMS FOR

DETERMINING THE RESISTANCE OF STORAGE TANKS TO BUCKLING

FOR

W I N D

LOADING,

DESIGN PRACTICE

D-131-9,

BOTH

PROGRAMS USE

THE

CRITERIA OF

API-650,

SECTION

3,gc

FOR CHECKING TANK SHELL FOR STABILITY AGAINST WIND

LOADING.

DESIGN PRACTICE

D-831-9,

THE

PROGRAM

WIND1

DETERMINES THE

M A X I P ~ U M

W I N D VELOCITY

AN UNSTIFFEMED TANK CAN WITHSTAND WITHOUT BUCKLING AS

THE SHELL THICKNESS IS REDUCED BY CORROSION1

THE

PROGRAM

WIND2

ALSO

DETERMINES

THE MAXIMUM WIMa

VELOCITY AN UNSTIFFENED TANK CAN WITHSTAND WITHOUT

BUCKLING,

IF

THE CALCULATED VALUE IS BELOW THE DESIGN

WIND VELOCITY THE SHELL THICKNESS IS INCREASED SO IT

CAN WITHSTAND THE DESIGN WIND VELOCITY,

TANKE

-

A

COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR CHECK

I NG NON-ANCHORED

TANKS FOR SEISMIC LOADING COMPLIANCE

WITH

API-650

F,

BASIC

DATA

THE

DESIGN METAL TEMPERATURE IS THE LOWEST ONE-DAY MEAN A M B I E N T TEMPERATURE I N THE L O C A L I T Y WHERE THE TANK I S

TO BE INSTALLED, PLUS

15F,

DESIGN

METAL TE~YPERATURES

USED A S MAJOR

COMPANY

INSTALLATIONS ARE TABULATED OH

FIGURE

1

OF T H I S S E C T I O N ,

THE

LOWEST ONE-DAY MEAR

TEMPERATURE FOR OTHER LOCATIONS IN THE

UNITED STATES

AND SOUTHERN

CANADA

CAN BE OBTAINED FROM

FIGURE 2-1

IN

AP

1-658,

THE

DESIGN METAL TEMPERATURE IS AN IWPORTAMT FACTOR IN THE S P E C I F I C A T I O N OF M A T E R I A L ,

DRAW

I NG

GD-D1047,

STANDARD MATERIAL

REQUIREMENTS

FOR

TANKS CONSTRUCTED

TO

~ P E C I F I C A T ~ ~ N NO,

EG-967,

D E F I N E S ~ O M P A N Y REQUIREMENTS

I N T H I S REGARD,

THE

MAXIMUM FILLING AND EMPTYING RATES MUST BE

SPECIFIED,

FOR

COME ROOF TANKS THESE RATES W I L L

THE

DESIGN WIND VELOCITY USED A T MAJOR

COHPANY

INSTALLATIONS IS TABULATED ON

FIGURE 1

OF THIS SECTION,

FOR

OTHER LOCATIOHS THE USE OF A DESIGN WIND VELOCITY EQUAL TO THE ANNUAL EXTREME M I L E VELOCITY AT

30

FEET ABOVE GROUND,

50-YEAR

MEAN RECURRENCE INTERVAL 4 S RECOMMENDED UNDER MOST CIRCUMSTANCES,

CHARTS

OF

FIGURE

2

SHOW THE

50-YEAR

AND

108-YEAR

ANNUAL

EXTREME MILE VELOCITIES FOR THE

UNITED

STATES,

THE

APPROPRIATE EARTHQUAKE ZONE FOR SEISMIC DESIGN OF TANKS SHOULD BE DETERMINED FOR THE S P E C I F I C TANK LOCATION,

THE SEISMIC

ZONE

MAPS

INCLUDED IN

APPENDIX E

OF

API-658

SHOW EARTHQUAKE ZONE DESIGNATIONS FOR THE

UNITED STATES,

ALSO,

SEE

APPENDIX V I

OF

RECOMMENDED

PRACTICE NO. 11.

THE

ZONE DESIGNATION APPLICABLE A T

MAJOR COMPANY INSTALLATIONS IS TABULATED ON

FIG, 1

OF THIS

SECTION,

THE

BASIC DESIGN CRITERIA FOR THE LIVE LOAD ON THE ROOF I S

25

P S F ,

IN

ADDITION, P R O V I S I O N S MUST BE MADE FO2 OTHER LOADS THAT MAY BE IMPOSED ON THE ROOF,

G ,

OVERALL DESIGN CONSIDERATION

C O ~ R O S

I O N

ALLOWANCE

THE

CORROSION ALLOWANCE USED FOR NEW TANKAGE SHOULD BE BASED ON THE S E R V I C E AND L O C A T I O N FOR WHICH THE TANKAGE IS BEING BUILT,

REFERENCE

SHOULD ALSO BE MADE TO THE

CORROSION

PREVENTION MANUAL, TANKAGE

#

SECTION

240,

FOR

A C O M P I L A T I O N AND D I S C U S S I O N OF CORROSION RATE DATA FOR

- TANKAGE I N T Y P I C A L S E R V I C E S ,

IF

A D D I T I O I V A L GUIDANCE I S REQUIRED, THE

CORPORATION

ENGINEERING'S

MATERIALS

DIVISION

SHOULD BE CONSULTED,

DESIGN

OF TANKAGE IN ACCORDANCE WITH

API-650

PROVIDES

FOR MOST S E R V I C E S A B U I L T - I N , OR INHERENT, CORROSION ALLOWANCE,

VALUES

FOR TYPICAL TANKS ARE PRESENTED IN

FIGURES

3

AND

4 ,

RECOMMENDED

PRACTICE

20

DEFINES THE MATERIAL

REQUIREMENTS FOR PREVENTING BRITTLE FRACTURE IN

COMPANY

DESIGNS,

IT

ALSO INCLUDES A SUMMARY OF BASIC FRACTURE MECHANICS AND SUGGESTS T E C H N I Q U E S B Y WHICH FRACTURE- SAFE D E S I G N S CAN BE DEVELOPED,

GENERALLY,

THE HISTORY OF

API

TANKS HAS BEEN e o o D CONCERNING PROTECTION A G A I N S T B R I T T L E FRACTURE,

HOWEVER,

I N

1954.

AN

API

COHMITTEE COMPLETED A SURVEY

WHICH RECORDED

28

WELDED

API

12C

(PREDECESSOR TO

API-

650)

TANK FAILURES WHICH OCCURRED UNDER COLD WINTER

C O N D I T I O N S ,

AS

A RESULT OF T H I S

A P I

SURVEY AND OTHER MORE FUNDAHENTAL I N V E S T I G A T I O N S OF B R I T T L E FRACTURE,

MINIMUM

COMPANY

STANDARDS EXCEEDING

A P I

STANDARDS IN

THIS AREA WERE ADOPTED IN

1955,

SPECIFICATION

EG-967

INCLUDES PROVI

s

IONS TO PROVIDE

APPROXIMATELY EQUAL PROTECTION A G A I N S T B R I T T L E F A I L U R E FOR A L L TANKS, W I T H C O N S I D E R A T I O N G I V E N TO M A T E R I A L , D E S I G N B A S I S AND R I S K INHERENT I N PROBABLE TANK S I Z E ,

MATERIALS

HAVE BEEN SORTEQ INTO QUALITY GROUPINGS ON

DRAWING GD-Dl047 (REFER

TO

SEC,

1x1.

FOR

MANY DESIGNS, IT WILL BE NECESSARY TO PURCHASE H I G H E R Q U A L I T Y M A T E R I A L S OW TO Q U A L I F Y LOWER Q U A L I T Y MATERIALS BY IMPACT TESTING,

APPROXIMATE

COSTS OF TANK

IT

IS CONCLUDED THAT

GROUPS

I V . IVA, V

AND

V I

STEEL SHOULD GENERALLY NOT B E USED FOR THE I N T E R M E D I A T E STORAGE OF SOUR F L U I D S SIlVCE THERE I S L I T T L E ECONBWIC I N C E N T I V E TO DO SO, AND BECAUSE A R I S K OF S U L F I D E C R A C K I N G E X I S T S I N SOME SERVICESw

H

,

BOTTOM

DESIGN

REFER

TO

DRAWING

GD-Dl047

FOR ACCEPTABLE MATERIAL

SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE BOTTOM PLATES

ASTM

A-283 GRADE C

I S THE MOST COMMONLY USED M A T E R I A L ,

ANNULAR BOTTOM

PLATES

AND

SKETCH

PLATES

TANK

BOTTOMS ARE F A B R I C A T E D OF

I/~-INCH

P L A T E EXCEPT

WHEN THE BOTTOM SHELL COURSE IS

GROUPS

IV,

IVA,

V

OR

V I

MATERIAL,

T H E S E T A N K

BOTTOMS ARE REQUIRED TO HAVE A

BUTT-WELDED OUTER C I R C L E OF P L A T E S TO WHICH THE S H E L L IS ATTACHED (ANNULAR BOTTOM PLATES),

TO

P R O V I D E EARTHQUAKE S T A B I L I T Y UNDER THE DESIGW PROVISIONS OF

APPENDIX E,

TANKS SMALLEQ THAN

100,000

BARRELS MAY R E Q U I R E ANNULAR BOTTOM P L A T E S AND THE ANNULAR P L A T E S FOR LARGER TANKS MAY NEED TO BE T H I C K E 9 THAN R E Q U I R E D OTHERWISE,

THE

BOTTOM PLATE WHICH COVERS THE CATCH BASIS AND TO WHICH THE WATER DRAW-OFF NOZZLE I S ATTACHED I S C A L L E D A SKETCH PLATE,

SPECIFICATION

EG-967

REQUIRES THAT THIS P L A T E HAVE A MINIPIUM T H I C K N E S S OF

1/2

I N C H ,

TANK

BOTTOC~S CAN TOLERATE APPRECIABLE SETTLEMENT,

AN

A N A L Y S I S OF MAXIMUM P E R M I S S I B L E TANK BOTTOM SETTLEMENT

IS INCLUDED IN

SECTION

X I ,

FOUNDATIONS,

THE

USE OF CATHODIC PROTECTION MAY BE CONSIDERED.

REFER

TO

SECTION

X I FOUNDATIONS,

I,

SHELL DESIGN

IN

THE ~ T H

EDITION

OF

API-650

APPENDICES

D,

G ,

AND PART

OF

K,

OF THE ~ T H

EDITION

OF

API-650,

HAVE BEEN D E L E T E D AND T H E I R A P P L I C A B L E REQUIREMENTS ARE INCORPORATED I N T O THE B A S I C STANDARD,

THE

B A S I C TANK OF THE ~ T H

EDITION

OF

A P I

650

IS NOW COVERED BY

APPENDIX A,

THE

BASIC D E S I G N NOW P E R M I T S A D E S I G N BASED ON PRODUCT S P E C I F I C GRAVITY AND A HIGHER STRESS DURING THE HYDROTEST.

THE

APPENDIX A

DESIGN USES A MAXIMUM STRESS OF

21,000

PSI, A J O I N T E F F I C I E N C Y OF

,85,

A S P E C I F I C G R A V I T Y OF NOT L E S S THAN

1.0,

AND THE ONE FOOT T H I C K N E S S METHOD.

IN

OTHER WORDS, HYDROSTATIC STRESSES CANNOT EXCEED DESSGlhd STRESSES,

THE

GOAL IN DESIGNING THE TANK SHELL IS TO ACHIEVE THE

LOWEST ERECTED COST.

THIS

IS NOT ALWAYS ACHIEVED BY M I N I M I Z I N G THE TONNAGE OF S T E E L REQUIRED S I N C E THE

. HIGHER QUALITY STEELS COMMAND A PREMIUM PRICE,

THE

FOLLOWING GUIDELINES ARE BASED ON EXPERIENCE AS OF

1975

AND MAY NOT BE V A L I D FOR A L L S I T U A T I O N S ,

1,

TANKS

OF L E S S THAN ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ - B A R w E L C A P A C I T Y WILE-

GENERALLY BY

APPENDIX

A

DESIGN,

WAXIMUM

PLATE

THICKNESS ALLOWED IN

APPENDIX A

IS

1/2

INCH WHICH L I M I T S THE MAXIMUM S I Z E TO ABOUT

30,000

BARRELS,

2,

TANKS

FROM

30,000

BARRELS TO

150,000

C A P A C I T Y WILL GENERALLY B E CONSTRUCTED W I T H M A T E R I A L W I T H AN ALLOWABLE STRESS LESS THAN

21,000

PSI.

(FORMERLY

APPENDIX

D DESIGN),

3,

HIGHER

STRENGTH MATERIAL

GROUPS

IV,

Iva,

v

AND

VI

WILL GENERALLY RE USED ON THE LOWER COURSES OF

TANKS OF

2000000

BARRELS OW MORE C A P A C I T Y ,

4,

THE

HIGHER STRENGTH STEELS WILL ALMOST NEVER BE USED ON A L L COURSES OF THE TANK,

5,

THE

THICKNESS OF

"VARIABLE

DESIGN

POINT

~ E T H O D " WILL GENERALLY BE USED ON TANKS OF

lOO,OOO

BARRELS OR MORE C A P A C I T Y ,

(FORMERLY

APPENDIX

K

DES

1 ~ ~ 4 )

COMPUTER

PROGRAM API-65

IS AVAILABLE TO CHECK

S H E L L T H I C K N E S S E S QUOTED B Y S U P P L I E R S .

TANK

SHELLS MAY BE SUBJECT TO BUCKLING UNDER WIND PRESSURE,

APH-650

SECTION

3.9

PROVIDES A FORMULA FOR

D E T E R M I N I N G THE MAXIMUM H E I G H T OF U N S T I F F E N E D S H E L L FOR

A WIND VELOCITY OF

1QQ

MPH,

BACKGROUND

ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF

API-658

REQUIREMENTS

MAY BE FOUND IN A PAPER,

"STABILITY

OF

API-650

TANK

SHELLS,

R ,

V.

MCGRATH: PROCEEDI~GS

OF THE

A P I

DIVISION

OF

REFINING,

VOL.

43 (111) (1963).

COMPUTER

PROGRAMS

WIND1

AND

WIND2

ARE AVAILABLE TO PERFORM THESE

TANKS WAS MADE BY

CORPORATION

ENGINEERING

TO EVALUATE TANK D E S I G N S FOR W I N D S T A B I L I T Y ,

GENERALIZED

COWCLUSIOMS OF THIS STUDY WERE:

A ,

THE API-658

EQUATIONS APPEAR TO PROVIDE AN APPROPRIATE B A S I S FOR WIND R E S I S T A N C E PROVIDED THAT THE "TRANSPOSED

w

I D T H ~ METHOD

I S USED,

B ,

USE

OF A DESIGN WIND VELOCITY EQUAL TO THE

ANNUAL EXTREME-MILE VELOCITY A T

30

F T , ABOVE GROUND)

50-YEAR

MEAN RECUISRENCE I N T E R V A L I S RECOMMENDED UNDER MOST CIRCUMSTANCES,

C8

AS

EXPECTED) TANKS F I L L E D TO A S U B S T A N T I A L LEVEL ( A T LEAST HALF FULL) DEMONSTRATED A

S I G N I F I C A N T INCREASE I N W I N D R E S I S T A N C E COHPARED TO TANKS F I L L E D TO LOWER L E V E L S ,

GENERALLY

A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN WIND

R E S I S T A N C E W I L L NOT B E O B T A I N E D U N T I L THE LIQUID LEVEL REACHES ABOUT HALF HEIGHT,

OTHER

FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN DESIGN FOR WIND

A ,

11'4

GENERAL* B U C K L I N G DUE TO WIND RESULTS I N DAMAGE TO THE TANK THAT CAN VARY FROM VERY MODEST TO DAMAGE R E Q U I R I N G EXTENS % V E

R E B U I L D I N G O R t R A R E L Y * SCRAPPING,

£3,

HOW

TO HANDLE CORROSION ALLOWANCE I S A

D I F F E R E N T Q U E S T I O N S I N C E :

1)

THE

CORROSION RATE THAT WILL ACTUALLY OCCUR I S D I F F I C U L T TO P R E D I C T AND I T WOULD B E U N D E S I R A B L E TO FURTHER I N C R E A S E THE I N I T I A L COST B Y R E Q U I R I N G D E S I G N FOR F U L L W I N D R E S I S T A N C E I N THE CORRODED C O N D I T I O N ,

2 )

NON-UNIFORM

CORROSION SUCH AS LOCAL P I T T I N G WILL NOT A P P R E C I A B L Y REDUCE THE W I N D R E S I S T A N C E STRENGTH OF S H E L L S ,

3 )

THE

API

RULES FOR WIND RESISTANCE APPEAR

TO P R O V I D E SOME MARGIN OF SAFETY ABOVE THE D E S I G N W I N D V E L O C I T Y WHICH MAY P A R T I A L L Y COMPENSATE FOR LOSS OF METAL DUE TO CORROSION,

4)

ALTHOUGH

AT A HIGHER COST, WIND GIRDERS CAN B E ADDED I N THE FUTURE WHEN T H E I R NEED I S KNOWN FROM T H I C K N E S S SURVEYS,

IN

SUMMARY, THE FOLLOWING P R A C T I C E S ARE RECOMHENDED AS A M I N I M U M I N C O N S I D E R I N G W I N D S T A B I L I T Y OF TANKS,

A ,

NEWTANKS

2 )

CHECK

MAXIMUM DESIGN WIND VELOCITY IN

THE CORRODED C O N D I T I O N ,

3 )

CORROSION

ALLOWANCE CONSIDERED IN ACCORDANCE

w

I TH

"OTHER

RELATED FACTORS"

S E C T I O N ABOVE,

4 )

USE 50-YEAR

EXTREME M I L E W I N D V E L O C I T Y EXCEPT WHERE B U C K L I N G OF A TANK WOULD RESULT I N A C R I T I C A L LOSS SUCH AS S H U T T I N G DOWN A R E F I N E R Y OR P I P E L I N E I N WHICH CASE USE OF THE

100-YEAR

W I N D SHOULD B E CONSIDERED,

5 )

USE

"TRANSPOSED

WIDTH"

METHOD FOR

CALCULATING TANK SHELL STABILITY,

1)

ESTABLISH

W I N D RESISTANCE

C R I T E R I A

AS A

PART OF TANK INSPECTION RECORDS,

2 )

ESTABLISH

OPERATING PROCEDURES TO BE

. .

FOLLOWED UPON RECEIPT OF WARNINGS OF

H I G H (HURRICANE

VELOCITY)

WINDS,

WHICH

SHOULD INCLUDE:

A)

CONSIDERATION

OF

FILLING

OF TANKS

IN

CRITICAL SERVICE AND TANKS WITH

LOW SHELL STABILITY,

B)

SECURING

OF

MATERIAL WHICH

COULD

BECOME AIRBORNE,

C)

TURNING

OFF

UNESSENTIAL

POWER

TO

TANKFIELD LIGHTING, TANK MIXERS AND

SIMILAR

EQUI

PMENT

TO

REDUCE

POTENTIAL SOURCES OF IGNITION IN

CASE OF LEAKAGE FROM BUCKLED OR

SPLIT TANK SHELLS,

EXPERIENCE

IN P A S T EARTHQUAKES HAS SHOWN THAT

STORAGE TANKS ARE SUSCEPTIBLE TO LOWER COURSE SHELL BUCKLING AND, I N RARE OCCASIONS, TO BUCKLING

IN THE UPPER COURSES,

NEW

TANKS SHALL BE DESIGNEE

FOR EA9THQUAKE GROUND MOTION I N ACCORDANCE W I T H

APPENDIX

E

OF

API-650

AND THE SUPPLEMENTAL PROVI

s

I ONS OF

RECOMMENDED

PRACTICE NO, 11,

IT

I S GENERALLY NOT INTENDED TO UPGRADE E X I S T I N G

TANKS TO MEET THE CRITERIA FOR NEW T A N K S ,

FOR

SOME TANKS I N EXTREMELY C R I T I C A L SERVICE, I T MAY BE J U S T I F I E D TO REDUCE THE R I S K OF EARTHQUAKE

DAMAGE (SEE

RP-111,

SEE

APPENDIX

E

OF

API-650

AND

SECTION

X I 1

CONNECTING LINES,

FOR REQUIREMENTS OF FLEXIBILITY

I N TANK L I N E S AND D E T A I L S OF TANK VALVES AND F I T T I N G S ,

TANK

ROOF SUPPORTS COLUMNS

I N

SE

I

SMICALLY ACTIVE

AREAS PREFERABLY SHOULD BE CONSTRUCTED OF PIPE

AND

SHOULD BE DESIGNED FOR EARTHQUAKE GROUND MOTION

IN

ACCORDANCE WITH

APPENDIX

VI

OF

RP-11,

THERE

ARE OTHER KINDS OF DAMAGE TO TANK DETAILS

WHICH HAVE BEEN SUSTAINED IN PAST EARTHQUAKES,

MODIFICATIONS

I N

DETAILS TO

AVOID THESE

R I S K S

EITHER INTERFERE WITH NORMAL OPERATHHG TANK

FUNCTIO#S OR ARE MORE CCISTLY THAN REPAIRING OF

CONVENTIONAL DETAILS,

J,

CONE ROOF

DESIGN

ROOF

PLATES

ARE

NORMALLY

3/16

INCH,

REFER

TO

ORAWING

CONE

ROOF

TANKS

WHICH DO

NOT

HAVE

A

ROOF-TO-SHELL.

CONNECTION THAT FAILS PREFERENTIALLY TO THE SHELL-TO-

SHELL AND SHELL-TO-BOTTOM CONNECTIONS SHALL BE EQUIPFEE

WITH ADEQUATE

EMERGENCY

VENTING,

(REFER

TO

SECT

I O N

VII),

K

,

MISCELLANEOUS

PREPRIMING

OF

THE STEEL PLATES I N THE

FABRICATOR'S SHOP

PRIOR TO SHIPMENT TO THE JOB SITE IS RECOMMENDED,

APPLICATION

OF

THE FINISH PAINT

COATS IS

GENERALLY

DONE

BY A

CONTRACTOR

OTHER THAN

THE TANK

FABRICATOR

AFTER

TANK MANUAL T.4NK 9ESIGN

FIGURE 1

TYPICAL TANK DESIGN CRITERIA FOR VARIOUS COMPANY LOCATIONS

Design Metal Design Wind Temperature Velocity F (MPH)

*

Richmond El Segundo Pascaqou la P e n h Amboy Salt Lake 5 Alaska ( K e m i Area)

-

25 Burnaby (Vancouver) 25 Baltimore 10 Seismic Zane Desig narion

Note: This d a t a for other localities can frequently be ascertained by referring t o t h e Basic Design D a t a Sheets f o r t h e particular project.

T A N K MANUAL T A N K DESIGN

E X T R E M E WIND VELOCITIES

Charts from lVew Disnibulion of Exrrerne Winds in the U.S. by H.C.S. Thorn. Copyright Arnencan Society of

Civil Engineers 1968. Reproduced by special permiss~on.

F I G U R E 3

APPENDIX A T.WiS

INHERENT CORROSION ALLCJWANCX

/ OO L'O OSL'O OOp'O 058'0 006'0 OS 6'0 =3 ( i iiiZ'0 6ZZ.0 612.0 602' 0 OO Z'O 061'0 I SLE'O 1 680'0 89 0'0 Ltr O'O 920'0 500'0 000'0

/

LE L-0 trOL'0 ZL O'O OilO' 0 80 0'0 000'0 1 tr8L'O LilL'O 860'0 ilSO'0 110'0 000'0 / LEZ.0 LLL'O EZ L'O 89 0'0 trl0'0 000'0

'

6LZ'O EL Z'O Rill'O ER O'O L LO ' O 000'0

r

EZZ-0 ' EL Z'O ZOZ'O L6L'O 081'0 691'0 660.0 9LO'O 250'0 6ZO'O 900'0 000'0 ZS!'O 911.0 080'0 SilO'O 600'0 000'0

1

nOZ-0 9SL'O 8OL.O 090'0 EL O'O 000'0 / LSZ'O L6L'O 9EL.O 9LO-0 910'0 000'0

j

OL E-0 LEZ'O tr9L'O 260'0 610'0 000'0 i E9E.O 8LZ'O 261'0 LOL'O 220'0 000'0

1

~i i: -o 2 8 ~ ~ 0 EL L'o 59 1-0 951'0 Li ll -o 1 6L0'0 190.0 ZilO'O EZ 0 S O O 'O 000'0 I LZ L' O E6O'O t9 0'0 9E0'0 LO O'O 000'0 I hgL-o szL-o LB O-o etro' o 010-o 000'0

1

902'0 LSL'O 601'0 190'0 ELO"0 000'0 BilZ.0 061'0 Zi l'O EL O'O SLO'O 000'0 I 062'0 ZZZ'O t rS L '0 980'0 810'0 000'0 8 9 L trZ Z E O il 8tl 95 SLE'O ilZil'0 OS9'0 9LB.O 201 ' L BZE' o ' trSS L j OO L-0 CS L-o 00 s-o ose-o 00 6-o os 6' 0= 3i I 90 2-o 86 ~* 0 L~ L-o EB L-o 9~ 1. 0 ~ 9 ~ ~ 0 i ZL E'O 6EE'O OZS'O LOL'O 288 ' 0 E90' L EtrZ' L O SZ O SZ 0s Z 0 SZ O SZ O SZ O SZ 8 9 L ttz ZE O il Bh 9s L 9 S i l E 2 L S ZZ S zz szz SZZ S ZZ SZZ szz ZLE'O SSil' 0 ZilO'O 600'0 000'0 €19'0 081'0 960' 0 ESO'O 110'0 000'0 ZL 'O LLZ'O OE6'0 880' 1 1 oo i-0 OS L-o oo e-o 202' 0 561'0 681'0 ZL E'O SLO'O 190'0 LtrO'O ZL

E'O 06E 0'0 00 900"O LZO' 0

' 0 9E0.0 800'0 000'0 925'0 9ilO'O 600'0 000'0 199'0 SSO'O 110'0 000'0 L6L'O €66'0 @;!'C QE .'C 521°C 51 .'O EO L'O L60'0 2LC.C g! S ZL 5 Z.2" C 7 7 - - LL C ZL?.C ZLS'C 2cZ.U 60Z'C 1 Zi E'G E I 521 5 I 1 1 91 b Z Z E O il 8il 95 8 9 ttZ Z E Otl 8il 95 5 i l E n l r es c. 0 O~ C' G ZZC' C SO0"C 000'0 C L* >&

,

ZO L'O 8L0'0 trS0'0 OE O'O 900'0 000'0

1

6SL.O 86 0'0 P9O'O 8E 0-0 80 0'0 000'0 LSS'O S LL S L L S LL S L L S LL S L L 05 1 051 0s L O SL 05 1 0s L 05 L 9 S il E 2 L L 9 S tl E 2 L t CS!'0 6L!'O 280'0 9ilO'O 600'0 000'0 tr99'0 I ! g:O 6 E:o 96 c. c trS0' 0 LL C'O 000'0 0 0,

-

C OSL'O OOF'C 0SF.C 006'C 056'C=f 1 O S:C os:'o 0 s ~ " ~ O;L 'C OS I' O OS L' O 1 osa-o

I

+,LO-o o 0- ~8 26C.0 @ !- LO

.

0Z!'G

osz-o O'O OO i70c.o o C- BL 0 c. Zi gtrG.0 o c- lg 1

092"

o 051.0 000"O SOG'O C trZC' itrC'0 E9C'G C'C ZB

E3. '0 6LC.C' SSC"C OE D-c 90C'C 000'0 j Li7ti.C i7Z

,

S ZL ZE O il SZ L S Z L 8 i7 95 I 8 I 00: I L 91 I OO L I s L O O I tlz Z E

1

001 Oti 00 L

I

001 8h i S'O LE 1 C'G OO 80C'O LEC'C 'C yC S6C'@ C La ?Z

c i l E I Sc . 'C L C LLC'G EtiCa c 60C'Cl 000'0 1 ZF 'O 95 1 001 I 1 I I I CL --C OL 'C OO E'G PSF'L oo t-c oS ~' G= ~ 66JLIXs7U 3 4 5 ~ ~ ~ 2aa, I (XUP,

-

qz 91) asJncg t eT an Ja j

I

16230JPXk 1

TANK MANUAL TANK DESISN

FIGURE 5

A U,S. P r o d u c e s r s 2an. 7975 P r i c e s f o r St.?el P l a t e s by Q u a l i t y G r ~ u p i n q

Rimmed S e m i - K i l l & F u U y - K i l l e d , FGP Normalized AS%M S p e c i f i c a t i o n

*

AM-DH

**

AES-EH T h i c k n e s s C o s t , $ / t o n ( N o t e 1 ) j 43/4" 1-1/2" Max 1/2" i%x 1-1/2" Max 3/4" t o 1-1/2" 1 'I Fax i ~ n 1-l/ZR Max

4

1 1-1/ZW Max

0 Pressure v e s s e l quality s t e e L Normany n o t used f o r t a n k a g e e x c e p t where

required f o r toughness.

*

k g e n e r a l , b , e r e b ~ t l e n e e d f o r u s e o f Amerriran B u s e a u o f S h i p p i n q S t e e l s . They are n o t readily a M i l a b l e in t h e U.S.

**

_{Price includes mandatory i m p a c t} testing to C v = 50 R-lb a t 14F.

1. E x c e p t as noted below, t h e s e costa are base pr5ces. They do not include many e m s , such as odd thickness, t o n n a g e , e t c .

2, C osts do include an e x t r a f o r width and thickness of 1 d/ #. A c t u a l e x t r a v a r i e s

fYu m 0.55d to 2,70d/#.

Comparison o f U.S. and J a p a n e s e S t e e l P r i c e s

r

U.S.

-

$ / t o n J a p a n e s e

-

S / t o n 1 S t e e l Base P r i c e Semi-Killed P l a t e F i n e g r a i n p r a c t i c e , f u l l y k i l l e d 271. N o r n a l i z e d , i m p a c t t e s t on h e a t l o s t b a s i s 336 N o r m a l i z e d , Three impact t e s t s p e r p l a t e 35 1 225.

~

237. i I 247. 257. ( N o t e 4 ) 3 . N o r m a l i z i n g c o s t s v a r y w i t h t h . i c k n e s s . 4 . By s p e c i a l r e q u e s t .

1

TANK MANUAL ?.WK 3ESISN Cost o f Impact T e s t i n g ( $ / T e s t ) I

I

I I. Heat l o t b a s i s

-

(If a v a i l a b l e

-

s e e Note 1 ) S t r u c t u s a l S t e e l s Temperature t o be a g r e e d upon II. P l a t e - a s - r o l l e d b a s i s 2 L o n g i t u d i n a l T r a n s v e r s e 3 0 t h j

i

S t r u c t u r a l S t e e l s T e s t +40 F o r above T e s t below +40 F

/

P r e s s u r e V e s s e l S t e e l s T e s t +40 F o r above T e s t below +40 F

NOTE 1: It appears t h a t obtaining guaranteed i m p a c t s on e i t h e r a h e a t l o t basis cr f o r

steels which are n o t h e a t t r e a t e d is diffScult o r i m p k b l e in t h e U .S.

Discusdons with two U.S. steel suppliem indicates they w i l l conduct guaranteed i m p a c t tests only on h e a t t r e a t e d material3 and only on a plate-s-

rolled basis. On individual cases they may conduct t e s t s on non-heat t m a t e d ,

plate, cr on a h e a t Pot basis, f o r information only.

I

NOTE 2: Costs do not include an e x t r a f a - normallzing. When normalizing is not I

included in t h e applicable materiala specification an additional $35 per %n

must be added to t h e above costs. , I

I I

I

,

SELECT1 ON

OF

APPURTENANCES

A ,

INTRODUCTION

THIS

SECTION HAS BEEN D I V I D E D I N T O THE FOLLOW5NG CATEGORIES OF APPURTENANCES:

B ,

GAGING

AND

SAMPLING

DEVICES

B ,

FORMS EF-33

CR

8

EF-33

FR

THESE

FORMS, WHICH ARE INCLUDED I N

SECTION

V I ,

CONTAINS A LIST OF ALL COMMONLY USED TANK APPURTENANCES.

THEY

SERVE BOTH AS A CHECK L I S T WHEN SELECTING APPURTENANCES AND AS A SCHEDULE BY WHICH THESE APPURTENANCES CAN BE S P E C I F I E D I N A TANK PURCHASE CONTACT,

C,

COMPANY DRAWINGS

ALTHOUGH

THE DISCUSSION OF APPURTENANCES WILL COVER ALL COHMONLY USED APPURTENANCES FOR TANKS, DRAWINGS ARE INCLUDED ONLY FOR APPURTENANCES N H I C H HAVE BEEN

DEVELOPED BY CORPORATE DEPARTMENTS AND OPERATIPIG COMPANIES AS A RESULT OF NOT HAVING SUITABLE

API

OR

MANUFACTURER'

s

STANDARDS A V W ILABLE,

THESE

DRAW 1 NGS AUGWENT

API

OR MANUFACTURER'S STANDARDS TO SUIT

PART1 CULAR REQUIi?EMENTS,

D,

APH STANDARDS

THE

API

HAS STANDARDS FOR APPURTENANCES IN

SECTION

3

OF

SHELL

MANHOLES

(3,7,5>

SWELL

NOZZLES AND FLANGES

(3,7,6>

FLUSH

TYPE CLEANOUT FITTINGS

(3,7.7>

FLUSH

TYPE SHELL CONNECTIONS

(3,7,8>

ROOF

MANHOLES

(3,8,4>

ROOF

NOZZLES (FLANGED AND SCREWED),

THE

FLANGE3

ROOF NOZZLE I S NOT SATISFACTORY FOR VENTING

(3,8,5>

DRAW-OFF

SUMP

( 3

a

8

6

SCAFFOLD

CABLE SUPPORT

(3,8,7>

UNDER-BOTTOM

CONNECTIONS

(APPENDIX

0-CONTAINS

E

,

MNUFACTURERS

'

STANDARDS

MANUFACTURERS

HAVE DEVELOPED AP$UETENANCES I N CERTAIN CATEGORIES THAT AXE ACCEPTED AS " S T W M D A R D S ~ BY THE INDUSTRY.

EXAHPLES

OF THESE APPURTENANCES ARE GAGING

DEVICES (GAGE HATCHES OF VARIOUS TYPES, AUTOF~ATIC GAGING), B E A T H E R VALVES, AND FLOATING ROOFS AND F I T T I N G S #

F ,

ECONOMY

I N

SELECTION

THREE

GOOD RULES FQR ECONOMY IN THE SELECTION OF

APPURTENANCES ARE:

A ,

USE

AN APPURTENANCE ONLY IF THERE IS A KNOWN REQUIREMENT,

B ,

DOUBLE

UP OW THE USE OF AN APPURTENANCE WHEZEVER P O S S I B L E ( I a E .

,

A ROOF MANHOLE MAY ALSO SERVE AS A

GAGE INSPECTION HATCH

OR

AM EMERGENCY VENT HATCH) I C ,

SPECIFY

HANUFACTURER'S S T A N D A ~ D DESIGN, WHEREVER

A

I

6

I

C

I

D

I

- E

C O N S T R U C T I O N N O T E S 1-7" 3'-0'1 a ' . ~ " 5'. 0" / ! sK vS2'-4"

-- C - I ) M A T E R I A L S AND F A B R I C A I I O N SUALL LOHFORH TO 5 P E L I F I C A T I O N

31-b" 6'. 9" 5'. 3' /I. d' 2'. / " E G - 9 6 7 AN0 TO A P I STAHDARD 6 5 0 . LATEST E O I T I O N .

2 /4' _{--- ~.}

Tan& s h e / / -

-

3 - /&.,I 4,. 0" To" 5'.6** /'- 7. 2' 7~4. /(I (-1) THE s u n p AHO NOZIIE ASSERULY SIIALL n t IHERMLLY S T R E S L -

4 /B" 4'.6* 7'3'' 5'. 9' . /'. 8- 2'-q;/i /y4*

R E L I E V E D A T A T E W E M T U R E OF 1.100'F 1 0 I.100.f fOR A

-- - - -- . . - - - - -- - - . . ... PERIOD OF ONE HOUR PER INCH OF r H I c m E s S OF THE B o T T o n

5 20" 5 7: 6" 6'. 0' / I - 9'' 2 , . , / q _/y+" P L A r E , U l T H A n l H l n W PERIOD OF ONE HOUR FOR U1) T H I C U I E L S .

-

" 6'.0"

8'0" 6'.6" / ' . / / " 3'.3v /g L - 3 ) GASKET SUHFALE OH M l S L D FACE F L h l l C t TO UE C O M L K I A L L Y

smorn ( 5 0 0 RHS MXIRW R O U G ~ N E S S ) .

C-4) FLAHCE BOLT I l O L L S SHALL L T M U D L L C i N T E h L l n E .

( - 5 ) THE EXTERNAL SUHFACtS OF THC S M P , ' N U I I L f ASSEMBLY ANU TAHK BOTTOR R E l N i D R C l H G PLATE SHALL B t SANOBLASTED TO A COnnER- C l A L NEAR-WHITE F I N I S H (SSPC S P - 1 0 ) AND P A I H T E O WITH 3 H I L S (DRY T H I C U E S S ) OF IHOHLAHIC Z I H C R I C H COATING; HAPKO 51

( 1 1 3 7 8 ) . AHEROR D l n f T c o T E D-6. CAHBOLINE CARBOZIHC II OR N O B l L C H t H l C A L H O B I L - Z I N C I. THE W T A L LOGES TO B E F I E L D Y E L L 0 SHALL BE THOROUGHLY CLEANED OF COATIHG BEFORE U E L D I Y C TO PREVENT Z l H C CONTPAINATION OF UELO RETAL,

( - 6 ) THE suw TO u u T r d n R ~ I N F O R C I N C PLAIE F I ~ L O u t ~ u SIIALL BE COHPLETELY O I L C H E C U O AFTER TrlE R3OT PASS A l l 0 AFTER THE COVER PASS.

( - 7 ) T l l l C U l E S S E S OF S U W UALL, SunP BOTTOH P L A T E PdlU RElNFORCllIG P L A T E INCLUDE 1 / 1 6 " CORROLIOH ALLOUAIICE.

'-8) THE TRnK SUPPORT U t M 5 dUST bE PI.ACEU AND CHOUIEO BEFORE F I E L D u E ~ O l l r G THE SUI1P TO TllE d D l T O H REINFORCIIIG PLATE. SEE STANDARD UKAUlNG GC-QIOIS.

P L A N o f t a n k she// fo SU/? rejoforr/oy p/aCe. REFERENCE D R A W I N G S . ~ - . .. .... . . . . . . - - ~ . ... ... ~. ~~ - . . . . -. . -- . . . . .. . -.

Sqmrnetrical about 40 - h o l e s for i . 9 bolts, e q u a l l y spaced - s t r a d d l e

-

P e r m i s s a b l e ~ l t e r n a t e f l a n q e 4 Field n o t e : W h e n A i s less t h a n t qrind c o r n e r s r o u n d , a l l a r o u n d , a f t e r w e l d i n q

7

\

square cut

X-I

Cover plaie - min. thick. u e r T a b l e 3 - I API 5td 650

K w J

t o suit c u r v a t u r e of thnkJ SHOWING C O V E R - COVER -- R E M O V E D - - - -. - - ELEVATION ,

.

p - - 1159 I DETAIL OF GASKET D E S I G N A N D C O N S T R U C T I O N N O T E S - --. p~ - -I. L e l t e r d i r n e n s i o r ~ s ~ r e f e r t o v a l u e s g i v e n i n T a b l e 3-2 2 0 " s h e l l m a n h o l e , a n d a r e ttre s a m e a s t l r o s e s h o w n in Fig.3.6 of API S t a n d a r d 6 5 0 c u l - r e n t e d i t i o n . 2 . N o t e s g i v e n ill API L t a r ~ d a r d 6 5 0 c u r r e n t e d i t i o n , f o r 2 0 " c i r c u l a r s h e l l rnanlnolr d r s i q r l a n d c o n b t l - u r t i o n s l b r l l b e a p p l i c a b l e t o t h i s d r a w i n q . , 5 . E d g e o f cower t o b e f i n i s h e d b n r o o t h a n d

I

- o u t s i d e c o r n e r o f p i a l e l o L e s l i g h t l y r o u n d e d . Chtulan --

REVISIONS Stal~dard Oil Co~npany 01 Cal~lo~n~a . - . . . .

v

_I

-A?C-,'c/<d Noh 4 . I / + / . '%/

0

L I , ~ " ' . " " ~ ~ UIY.IIII~LIII s111 tr*"cll'" - - S.[Ab$Jfil?r) 30' X 36'' I :!, I! ! I bIL\!4! I ~ ) I . E .. r i d - -~ . . . . . . . .

r:o!i

larj~ci,

. .. ACT SCALE-NYUE . .. DATE ..3: 10:1314 . . . . . . . ~ ~~ ~

I%z<A -. - . . .~ - . - - - - - .--

~*;;

Added S e a l p l a t e and DH D L I ( LIB CH G C UDR. APP - ENGR. EL- . . -. - -. .

u p d a t e d Flg ( T r r b l r

r e r e r e n C e 6 l o rnntch l o t c a t

-Er(nfApl650 [6:$Y7i _{- .} . .

I

9 E 1 N r 0 4 C I N G SL.4TE 3 5 2 Y A P \ STANDARD ;50 2 V

1

I

5 C H 80 L O N G R A D I U S I W E L D I N G ELSOW i L A H G E i 3 i 4 O Z I L S SiiALL ; 3E :50;3 LlSAS S T 3 r k 3 I I R F UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTE?

/

SCH 80 S E A M L E S S STEEL I PIPE, A P I 5 1 O R AS

1

I

SEAMLESS S T E E L

n

I 5 1 OR A S T M A-53

-

3 \ -el

>I

NOTE : F A B R I C A T I O N A N D A T T A C H M E N T OF NOZZLES SHALL CONFORM T 3

THE A P I S T A N D A R D 6 5 0 LATEST E D I T _ I O N _n

I R E D R A W N

EN61 WEERIWG DEPARTM EWT SAW FRANCISCO

T A N K W A T E R

D R A W O F F

I V ,

TANK

OPENINGS

A,

A P I SHELL MANHOLES

A P I

STANDARDS S P E C I F Y MANHOLES I N S I Z E S OF

20".

24",

30"

AND

36' (SEE

FIG, 3-4A,

A P I 650,)

THE 24"

R O U N D

MANHOLE I S MOST COMMONLY USED,

HOWEVER,

L A R G r R MANHOLES MAY BE J U S T I F I E D FOR I N S T A L L A T I O N OF HEATERS, ACCESS FOR CLEANING, R E P A I R M A T E R I A L S AND I N S T A L L A T I O R

- OF HEATERS.

USUAL

PRACTICE IS TO PROVIDE ONE MANHCLE

FOR TANKS UP TO

40'

OR

50'

DIAMETER, TWO MANHOLES F O R TANKS RANGING FROM

40'-50'

TO

100'-110'

DIAMETER, AND TWO OR THREE MANHOLES FOR LARGER TANKS, DEPENDING

a?!

T H E I R S E R V I C E ,

B

,

LARGER

ACCESSWAY

-

DWG, GC-D99761

SOME

OPERATORS REQUIRE ONE

20"

x 36"

MANHOLE ON EACH

F L O A T I N G ROOF TANK TO P E R M I T MOVING EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS THROUGH THE SHELL, E S P E C I A L L Y D R A I N - P I P E J O I N T S ,

IT

I S SOMETIMES USED ALSO FOR CONE ROOF TANKS WHEN A LARGER S H E L L ACCESSWAY I S REQUIRED,

SHELL

NOZZLES

A P I

STANDARDS ARE USED FOR S H E L L NOZZLES AND P R O V I D E