Industrial Networks & Databases

Industrial Networks & Databases

HVAC and BEMS Networks

LONWORKS

KNX

HVAC and BEMS Networks Dr inż. Janusz Hajda

2

HVAC and BEMS

HVAC - Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning

BEMS - Building & Energy Management Systems

HVAC and BEMS Networks Dr inż. Janusz Hajda

LONWORKS (Local Operating Networks)

Open solution for building and home automation, industrial, transportation, and public utility control networks.

LONWORKS protocol = ANSI/EIA 709.1 Control Networking Standard

LONWORKS system basics:

 Control systems have many common requirements regardless of application.

A networked control system is significantly more powerful, flexible, and scalable than a non-networked control system.

 Businesses can save and make more money with control networks over the long term than they can with non-networked control systems.

HVAC and BEMS Networks Dr inż. Janusz Hajda

6

LONWORKS protocol

Standard Objects and Types; Configuration Properties; File Transfer; Network Services

Network Variables; Application Messages; Foreign Frames

Request-Response; Authentication

Media access control (MAC) - predictive p-persistent CSMA protocol

Media

Media--Specific Interfaces andSpecific Interfaces and Modulation SchemesModulation Schemes

(twisted pair,

(twisted pair, power line, radio frequency,power line, radio frequency, coaxial cable, infrared, fiber optic) coaxial cable, infrared, fiber optic)

End-to-End Acknowledgement; Service Type; Packet Sequencing; Duplicate Detection

Unicast & Multicast Addressing; Packet Routing

Physical Layer - Channel Types

Channel

Type Medium Bit Rate

Compatible Transceivers Maximum Devices Maximum Distance TP/FT-10

Twisted pair, free or bus topology, opt.link power 78kbps 10, FTT-10A, LPT-10 64-128 500m (free topology) 2200m (bus topology) TP/XF-1250 Twisted pair,bus topology 1.25Mbps TPT/XF-1250 64 125m PL-20 Power line 5.4kbps 20, PLT-21, PLT-22 Environment Dependent Environment Dependent

IP-10 LonWorks over IP Determined by IP network Determined by IP network Determined by IP network Determined by IP network

HVAC and BEMS Networks Dr inż. Janusz Hajda

8

Link Layer - Media Access

The LONWORKS protocol uses a unique media access control (MAC) algorithm, called the predictive p-persistent CSMA protocol.

In the LONWORKS protocol, devices randomize over a minimum of 16 different levels of delay called Beta 2 slots:

 number of available Beta 2 slots is dynamically adjusted by every device

Network Layer - Addressing

 Physical Address: the unique 48-bit identifier (Neuron ID)

 Device Address:

 domain ID (32385 devices in domain)

 subnet ID (collection of up to 127 devices on a channel, max. 255 subnets in a domain)

 node ID (device in a subnet)

 Group Address: max. 64 devices in a group, up to 256 groups in a domain

 Broadcast Address

Every LONWORKS packet transmitted over the network contains the device

address of the transmitting device (the source address) and the address of receiving devices (destination address) that can either be a physical address, a device

HVAC and BEMS Networks Dr inż. Janusz Hajda

10

Transport Layer - Message Services



Acknowledged Messaging

(end-to-end acknowledgement)



Repeated Messaging

(sent to a device or group of any number of

devices multiple times)



Unacknowledged Messaging

(sent once to a device or group of

any number of devices and no response is expected)



Authenticated Service

(determine if the sender is authorized to

send message)

Presentation Layer - Network Variables

A network variable - any data item: an input network variable or an output network variable

 Virtual wire

 Created and changed with Network Tool

 Can be changed without reprogramming device

 Makes adds, moves, and

HVAC and BEMS Networks Dr inż. Janusz Hajda

12

Limits

 Maximum devices in system 32K x 248

 Members in a group

 Unacknowledged or Repeated No Limit

 Acknowledged or Request Response 63

 Groups in a domain 255

 Channels in a network No Limit

 Bytes in a network variable 31

 Bytes in an application or foreign frame message 228

Neuron Chip

The Neuron Chip provides the first 6 layers of the ISO/OSI model

The Neuron Chip is a semiconductor device specifically designed for providing intelligence and networking capabilities to low-cost control devices.

The Neuron Chip includes three processors that provide both communication and application processing capabilities

HVAC and BEMS Networks Dr inż. Janusz Hajda

14

LONWORKS Protocol Standard

Only available embedded in the Neuron Chip

LONWORKS Devices

HVAC and BEMS Networks Dr inż. Janusz Hajda

16

Application Layer - Objects and Functional Profiles

 LONMARK objects defined as a set of one or more input and/or output network variables

Profiles standardize functions

 Configuration properties specify configuration data for the object

 Standard Configuration Property Types (SCPTs)

 User-defined Configuration Property Types (UCPTs)

 Type of object

 Index on device

 Mandatory Network Variables

 Minimum implementation

 Use SNVTs

 Optional Network Variables

 Implemented in standardized manner

 Use SNVTs

 Configuration Properties

Applies to device, object or network variable

 Manufacturer-defined section

 Manufacturer-defined network variables and types

Program IDs

A unique identifier for a device application included in every LONWORKS device

 Format (4 bits)

 Manufacturer ID (20 bits)

 Device Class (16 bits)

 Device Subclass (16 bits)

HVAC and BEMS Networks Dr inż. Janusz Hajda

18

Summary

The LONWORKS protocol:

 Supports a broad range of communication media, including twisted-pair wiring, power lines, and communication over IP networks.

 Supports networks constructed with a mix of media types and communication speeds.

 Supports efficient delivery of small messages, optimizing network usage for control applications.

 Supports reliable communication, including defence against unauthorized system use.

 Eliminates single points of failure, further increasing system reliability.

 Offers predictable response times independent of network size.

 Supports low-cost implementation of devices, tools, and applications.

 Minimizes installation and maintenance costs

 Supports tens of thousands of devices.

 Permits flexible and easily reconfigurable connectivity among devices.

 Allows peer-to-peer communication thus allowing its use in both centralized and distributed control systems.

KNX (Konnex)

One Organisation, one standard

KNX: EIB, EHS and Batibus

 CENELEC

EN 50090 – the only European Standard for Home and Building Electronic Systems (HBES) based on KNX.

 CEN

EN 13321-1 – the European Standard forBuilding Automation based on KNX.

 ISO / IEC

HVAC and BEMS Networks Dr inż. Janusz Hajda

20

KNX standard - main assets

 Certification:

The KNX / EIB certification guarantees a high level of product quality and interoperability.

 Training:

The training courses at different levels are given in KNX certified training centres.

 Software:

ETS is the common software-tool for project planning, engineering, and configuration of all KNX / EIB certified products

 Interoperability;

Between different products and different applications of different manufacturers

 Product quality;

The Association surveys regularly the production sites of the manufacturers

 Standardised functionality;

KNX standard



Standardised Application Profiles for:

 Lighting

 Sun blinds and stores

 HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, Airconditioning)

 Energy management

 Security (Alarm/intrusion systems)

 Household appliances, in cooperation with Ceced

HVAC and BEMS Networks Dr inż. Janusz Hajda

22

KNX OSI Model

services depending on the type of communication used at transport layer; network management, runtime operation

EMPTY

EMPTY

CSMA/CA

TP₀, TP₁, PL₁₁₀, PL₁₃₂, RF, IR, Ethernet, Bluetooth, WiFi /Wireless LAN (IEEE 802.11), “FireWire” (IEEE 1394)

Multicast, broadcast

KNX Communication Media



Twisted Pairs (TP)



Power Lines (PL)



Radio Frequency (RF)

HVAC and BEMS Networks Dr inż. Janusz Hajda

24

KNX: Physical layers

•

TP

(BatiBUS), TP

(EIB)

– data and power transmission with one pair, asynchronous character oriented data transfer, half duplex bi-directional communication,

transmission rate 4.8kbits/s (TP₀), 9.6 kbits/s (TP₁), CSMA/CA, mixed topology

•

PL

(EIB), PL

(EHS)

– Spread frequency shift keying signalling, asynchronous transmission of data packets, half duplex bi-directional communication, frequency 110 and 132 kHz, PL110 =1200 bits/sec; PL132 = 2400 bits/sec, CSMA.

•

RF (KNX) – 868 MHz

•

IR (EIB)

•

Ethernet (IEEE 802.2), Bluetooth, WiFi /Wireless LAN (IEEE

802.11), “FireWire” (IEEE 1394)

KNX: Free topology

Bus

Tree

KNX: Structure of the bus-line

All lines have their own power supply.

Max participants per line: 64.

Max distance between power supply and participants: 350 m.

Max distance between two participants: 700 m.

Max length of bus-line: 1000 m/line

.

Line coupler 1

Area

≈

≈

≈

Area coupler Line coupler Area Bus participants Line

≈

≈

≈

≈

• 64 participants per line • 15 lines per area

• 1000 m bus cable per line

System structure

Bit 15

O O O O L L L L D D D D D D D D O

Area 1-15 Line 1-15 Bus Device 1-64 (255)

1.1.1

1.15.1 1.1.0 1.15.0

1.0.0 Physical addresses are _{only used for the}

identification of Bus Devices using ETS for parameterizing, fault finding and diagnostics

1.1.1

Sub Group 0-2047 (0-255) 1.1.1 1/3 1/10 1.1.0 1.15.0 1.0.0 1/10 1/5 1/10 1/5

The Telegrams which are sent on the bus are identified by a Group Address. The Group Address is divided into two parts; Main Group and Sub Group or into three parts with an additional Middle Group. 16 Main Groups and 2048 Sub Groups or 16 main, 8 middle and 256 Sub Groups can be defined. This results in a total of 32768 Group Addresses.

M M M M S(M) S S S S S S S S

Bit 15

Main Group 0-15 (Middle Group 0-7)

S(M) S(M)

HVAC and BEMS Networks Dr inż. Janusz Hajda

32

Applications, interworking and binding

•

idea of data-points

– inputs, outputs, parameters, diagnostic data – Group Objects, Interface Object Properties

•

a reduced instruction set to set and get data-point values

•

Standardised Data-point Types grouped into Functional Blocks

•

Uni-cast or multi-cast mechanisms

•

underlying binding schemes - for free, for structured, for tagged

binding.

Basic configuration schemes

•

two levels at which an installation has to be configured

– network topology

– individual nodes or devices

•

KNX Configuration Mode :

– picks out a certain scheme for configuration and binding – maps it to a particular choice of address scheme

– completes all this with a choice of management procedures and matching resource realisations.

HVAC and BEMS Networks Dr inż. Janusz Hajda

34

Network management and resources

•

network management

– initial set-up,

– integration of multi-mode installations, – subsequent diagnostics and maintenance – later extension and reconfiguration

•

procedures (message sequences) to access values of the different

network resources within the devices:

– addresses, communication parameters, application parameters, or complex sets of data (binding tables, executable application program)