Living Environment: The Nervous System
Part A: Purpose of the Nervous System 1.
2.
3.
4.
Divisions of the nervous system
1. Central nervous system -Control center of the body, Includes the _________and _________________
2. Peripheral nervous system - -Link between the _____________ nervous system and the ______________
- __________________________ - which respond to ______________________________________
Structures of the brain
1. Cerebrum – Largest _________________
-Composed of wrinkled grooves which increase ____________ ____________
-Divided into __________ halves. -Controls _____________ ______________ and _______________
2. Cerebellum -Located ___________ the Cerebrum -Coordinates ____________ and _____________
3. Medulla -Area where the __________ and __________ _______ meet - -Controls ____________ action Ex
4. Hypothalamus – located at the base of the ___________, ______________________________________
Part B: Structures of the Brain : Central nervous system: Brain and Spinal Cord Cerebrum
1. 2.
Functions:
1. Interpret Sensory information 2.
3. ___________________________________________
Left side of the brain controls: _____________ , Right side of the brain controls: _______________
Cerebellum 1.
Medulla
1. 2.
Peripheral nervous system: ____________________________________________________________
Part C: Nervous System, Neurons and Impulse Transmission
Neuron: ___________________________________________________________________________
Types of neurons
Sensory Neurons: ______________________________________________________________________
Motor Neurons: ________________________________________________________________________
Nerve Impulse: ________________________________________________________________________
How are nerve impulses triggered?
- ________________________________________________________________________________
- Stimulus: __________________________________________________________________________
- Response: _________________________________________________________________________
What happens when a nerve impulse begins?
-Sodium(Na) Ions(charged particles) move through and between neurons from one to the next
.
Synapse: _________________________________________________________________________
Neurotransmitter: _________________________________________________________________
Part D: Drugs and the Nervous System
Drug: _____________________________________________________________________________
*Most drugs affect the transmission of neurotransmitters across the synapse Drugs that Affect the Synapse are either
Stimulants: __________________________________ actions regulated by the nervous system including:
a. b. c.
Ex.
Depressants: ________________________________ actions regulated by the nervous system including:
a. b.
c. d.
e. Ex.
Opiates: Pain Killers which ______________________________________________________________
Ex.
The problem with many of these drugs is that they are ADDICTIVE.
Skeletal/Muscular System : Function of the Skeletal system contains _________ bones
1. 2.
3. 4.
5.
Axial skeleton:
Consists of:
Appendicular skeleton:
Structure of bones Are bones alive?
Bones:
Haversian canals:
Compact bone:
Spongy bone:
Bone marrow Yellow marrow:
Red marrow:
Development of bones Ossification:
Joint:
Tendon: Connects muscle to bone Ligament:
The Nervous System
Part A: Purpose
1. To sense and react to changes in our environment 2. Learn and apply knowledge
3. Recall memories (stored information) 4. Regulate body metabolism
Divisions of the nervous system 1. Central nervous system
-Control center of the body, Includes the brain and spinal chord 2. Peripheral nervous system
-Link between the central nervous system and the body -System of nerves
-Respond to stimulus (changes in the environment) Structures of the brain
1. Cerebrum -Largest section of the brain
-Composed of wrinkled grooves which increase surface area -Divided into two halves
-Controls memory thought and movement 2. Cerebellum -Located below the Cerebrum
-Coordinates movement and balance 3. Medulla
-Area where the brain and spinal cord meet
-Controls involuntary action Ex Breathing heart beat 4. Hypothalamus -located at the base of the cerebrum
-Regulates hormone production Part B: Structures of the Brain
Central nervous system: Brain & spinal cord
Cerebrum
1. Largest part of the brain 2. Divided into two hemispheres Functions:
1. Sensory information: eyes, ears, nose….
2. Motor skills, voluntary action
3. Memory, thinking, emotions, learning
Left side of the brain controls: right side of the body Right side of the brain controls: left side of the body Cerebellum
1. Controls balance and coordination Medulla
1. Extends to the spinal cord
2. Controls involuntary action & vital organs
Peripheral nervous system: all the nerves that branch through the body from the central nervous system
Part C: Nervous System, Neurons and Impulse Transmission Neuron: Nerve cells that transmit electrical signals call impulses
Types of neurons
Sensory Neurons: carry impulses from sense organs to the brain Motor Neurons: Carry impulses from the brain to muscles or glands What is a nerve impulse?
Nerve Impulse: the movement of an electrical charge across nerve cells How are nerve impulses triggered?
-An impulse begins when a neuron is stimulated by another neuron or by
Stimulus: a change in the environment that initiates an impulse Ex. Light, sound….
Response: How the nervous system reacts to a stimulus
What happens when a nerve impulse begins? -Sodium(Na) Ions(charged particles) move through and between neurons from one to the next.
Synapse: Space between two neurons across which a nerve impulse is transmitted
Neurotransmitter: Chemicals used to transmit an impulse across a synapse Ex. Acetylcholine
Part D : Drugs and the Nervous System
Drug: Any substance other than food that alters the body
*Most drugs affect the transmission of neurotransmitters across the synapse
Drugs that Affect the Synapse are either
Stimulants : increase or speed up actions regulated by the nervous system including:
a. heart rate b. blood pressure c. breathing Ex. Cocaine, Amphetamines, caffeine
Depressants : decrease or slow down actions regulated by the nervous system including:
a. heart rate b. blood pressure
c. breathing d. relax muscles
e. relieve tension Ex. Alcohol
Opiates : Pain killers Mimic natural chemicals called endorphins which help overcome pain Ex. Heroin
The problem with many of these drugs is that they are ADDICTIVE
Drug Type Medical use Examples Effects on the Body
Stimulants
Depressant s
Opiates
