Chapter 5. Coastal Management Element

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Chapter 5

Coastal Management Element

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July 2021 Chapter 5-1

Chapter 5

Coastal Element Table of Contents

Data and Analysis ……….. 2

Vulnerability Assessment ... 2

Storm Surge ... 2

Sea Level Rise... 6

Storm Surge with Sea Level Rise ... 10

Designated Flood Areas ... 15

Goals, Objectives, and Policies ... 17

Goal 1 ………...………..17

Objective 1.1………...17

List of Tables Table 5-1: Potential Storm Tide Heights in Brevard County (In Feet above NAVD88) ... 4

List of Figures Figure 5.1: North Florida Super Basin Model Counties (orange) ... 2

Figure 5.2: Storm Surge ... 3

Figure 5.3: Storm Surge Areas in Oak Hill... 5

Figure 5.4: ECF Regional Resilience Action Plan Regional Approach to Sea Level Rise Planning ... 7

Figure 5.5: USACE Sea Level Rise High Curve Projections ... 8

Figure 5.6: NOAA Sea Level Rise High Curve Projections ... ..9

Figure 5.7: Flood Assessment Tool Beta Version ... 10

Figure 5.8: Category 3 Storm Surge with USACE High Sea Level Rise Scenarios ... 11

Figure 5.9: Category 3 Storm Surge with NOAA 2017 High Sea Level Rise Projections... 12

Figure 5.10: Category 3 Storm Surge with 2040 NOAA and USACE Sea Level Rise ... 14

Figure 5.11: 100- and 500-Year Flood Zones Based on 2014 DFIRM ... 16

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Data and Analysis

Vulnerability Assessment

The primary goal of the vulnerability assessment is to understand what impacts specific hazards will have on the community. Due to its geographic location on the east coast of Florida, the City of Oak Hill is particularly vulnerable to the hazards associated with sea level rise, frequent flooding, and storm surge. This assessment outlines the fiscal ramifications of these hazard events by using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data collected from a wide array of sources such as the Volusia County Property Appraisers office and the Florida Department of Transportation.

Additionally, the sea level rise and storm surge modeling were completed using the FloodMaster tool developed by the Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council. It is important to note that while the data used for this assessment was developed using the most current LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging measures the time it takes for emitted light to travel to the ground and back to an orbiting satellite) data, as new data becomes available and as new modeling technology advances in climate science, the vulnerability assessment will require periodic updates. Continuing to monitor the latest science and data and working with experts will be important for the City and its citizens as this vulnerability assessment is just one small piece of the continuous process of maintaining resilience in the community of Oak Hill.

Storm Surge

Coastal Storm Surge was analyzed for this vulnerability assessment using geographic information system data. Specifically, a Sea Level Over Sea Height (SLOSH) basin grid was derived from data compiled by the National Hurricane Program which is administered by the Federal Emergency Management Administration (FEMA), the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and the NOAA National Hurricane Center (NHC). The City of Oak Hill is in Volusia County which, as pictured in Figure 5.1, falls under the North Florida (nf1) SLOSH basin. This data was compiled and updated for geographic analysis in May of 2020 allowing the vulnerability assessment to evaluate the potential threats of storm surge using the most up to date data available from federal sources. By running the storm surge models with this highly granulated and relatively localized SLOSH basin grid, a higher accuracy and detail is afforded to this assessment.

Figure 5.1: North Florida Super Basin Model Counties

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July 2021 Chapter 5-3 Figure 5.2: Storm Surge

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Storm surge can expose and degrade underground utilities and water mains, destroy electrical equipment, wash away seawalls and revetment systems and can destroy entire portions of roadways and sidewalks. Coastal erosion, a side-effect of storm surge, can deteriorate the foundations of critical facilities located adjacent to water bodies resulting in requiring costly improvements.

*Storm Strength Surge Heights**

Category 1 Up to 6’

Table 5-1: Potential Storm Tide Heights in Brevard County (In Feet above NAVD88)

*Based on the category of storm on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale

** Surge heights represent the maximum values from SLOSH MOMs

Source: S.R.ES 2012 – Depth Atlas

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Figure 5.3: Storm Surge Areas in Oak Hill

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Figure 5.3 outlines the level to which storm surge waters would inundate the Town of Oak Hill by each individual category. As Table 1 outlines, Category 1 surge inundation can reach up to a height of 6 feet, a Category 3 storm can reach up to a height of 16 feet of surge, and a Category 5 storm can reach up to a height of 26 feet of surge. As shown in the figure, if a Category 5 storm were to hit the Town, surge inundation would reach almost the entire community, with just a small area just south of US-1 and Halifax Ave staying dry. In more frequent events such as a Category 1 hurricane event, Oak Hill will only experience inundation along the riverside areas of the town, with most flooding stopping well east of Gaines Street. Overall, a Category 3 and above event would leave a vast majority of the residents of Oak Hill vulnerable to flood water inundation.

Sea Level Rise

A regional, coordinated approach to planning for sea level rise is important as agencies and communities identify potential risks to infrastructure, plan for future land uses and determine appropriate mitigation and adaptation measures to minimize the risks of flooding and inundation.

As part of the East Central Florida Regional Resiliency Action Plan, the Planning for Sea Level Rise Sub-Committee which is comprised of federal, regional and local experts, academia and planners across sectors, has developed a regional planning approach to sea level rise. The purpose of this approach is to provide local governments and regional agencies with a coordinated and vetted method to planning for sea level rise. The recommendation is as follows; no one projection rate curve should be used for planning purposes across all projects and programs. Instead, a range of rise should be considered based upon the vulnerability, allowable risk, project service life and the forecast project “in-service” date of a facility or development. The range should include a minimum rise of 5.15 feet by 2100 (2013 USACE High) with an upper range of 8.48 feet by 2100 (2017 NOAA High). Short-term planning should consider impacts out to 2040 (20-year planning horizon), medium-term planning should consider impacts out to 2070 (50-year planning horizon), and long-term planning should extend out to 2100 (80-year planning horizon). This is illustrated in Figure 5.4, Regional Resilience Action Plan Regional Approach to Seal Level Rise Planning.

(Council E. C., East Central Florida Regional Resiliency Action Plan, 2018).

Figures 5.5 and 5.6 outline the impacts of sea level rise for both the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) projections to the City of Oak Hill. By 2040, both of these projections identify any residents or developments adjacent to River Road (such as the Oak Hill Fish Camp or Mosquito Lagoon RV Park) as vulnerable to permanent inundation. According to the NOAA projections, by 2070 development east of Osteen Street and Northeast of E Halifax Ave and west of N Gaines Street will be affected by some level of inundation. Whereas the USACE model projects that these same areas won’t face this same level of inundation until 2100. Essentially, when understanding the City of Oak Hill’s vulnerability to sea level rise, regardless of scenario, it is evident that development east of Gaines Street will be facing some level of inundation by the year 2100.

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1992 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100 NOAA 2017 High 0 0.08 0.44 0.8 1.29 1.85 2.57 3.46 4.47 5.69 6.97 8.48 USACE 2013 High 0 0.09 0.26 0.5 0.83 1.22 1.69 2.23 2.85 3.54 4.31 5.15

0 1.85

4.47

8.48

1.22

2.85

5.15

01 23 45 67 89

FEET OF SEA LEVEL RISE

Sea Level Rise Projections Through 2100

Figure 5.4: ECF Regional Resilience Action Plan Regional Approach to Sea Level Rise Planning

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July 2021 Chapter 5-8 Figure 5.5: USACE Sea Level Rise High Curve Projections

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July 2021 Chapter 5-9 Figure 5.6: NOAA Sea Level Rise High Curve Projections

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Storm Surge with Sea Level Rise

This Vulnerability Assessment modeled the impacts of storm surge in the future to determine how sea level rise in the next century will lead to further inland flood inundation. The model was run through the FloodMaster Tool Suite developed by the Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council.

This tool suite was developed as an ArcGIS Add-In tool designed to model storm surge, heavy rain events, and storm surge with sea level rise on top of it. The model uses the latest North Florida Basin SLOSH data for Volusia County. The model allows users to analyze certain levels of sea level rise (ex: 4 feet) dependent on what horizon SLR curve they choose. The model is straightforward in all that is required is to choose the future surface rise. The model is referenced to NOAA tidal gauges for tidal variability. The model uses the future sea surface determined by project designers; however instead of being referenced to Mean Higher High Water (MHHW), the SLR was referenced against Mean Sea Level (MSL). SLOSH basin data is referenced to high tide, so using MHHW and surge together would be like “double-dipping”. The data the model uses is comprised of a Digital Elevation Model (DEM), SLOSH Basin, Sea Layer with hydrologic connectivity, and NOAA tidal gauges. It is important to see the effect sea level rise has on coastal and tropical storms. Sea level rise in the near term is not dramatic when viewed on its own.

However, coastal storm run-up and storm surge can be pushed past a tipping point when sea levels are higher than today. A Category 1 storm could become a Category 2 or perhaps a Category 3 storm by today’s standards. The analysis conducted for this vulnerability assessment focused on a base Category 3 storm with USACE High and NOAA 2017 High projection curves for 2040, 2050, 2070 and 2100. The maps on the following pages represent the model outputs for both projection curves.

Figure 5.7: Flood Assessment Tool Beta Version

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Figure 5.8: Category 3 Storm Surge with USACE High Sea Level Rise Scenarios

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Figure 5.9: Category 3 Storm Surge with NOAA 2017 High Sea Level Rise Projections

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Figure 5.8 represents the inundation within Oak Hill from a Category 3 event at the eclipses of 1.22 feet of Sea Level Rise by 2040, 2.85 feet of Sea Level Rise by 2070, and 5.15 feet of Sea Level Rise by 2100. As the results appear, if the US Army Corps projections for Sea Level Rise are accurate, by 2070 a vast majority of the inland areas of the town will be inundated. Only a few select areas around the US-1 corridor will be free of any level of flooding by 2100.

Figure 5.9 represents the inundation within Oak Hill from a Category 3 event at the eclipses of 1.85 feet of Sea Level Rise by 2040, 4.47 feet of Sea Level Rise by 2070, and 8.48 feet of Sea Level Rise by 2100. As the results appear, if the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) projections for Sea Level Rise are accurate, by 2040 a vast majority of the inland areas of the town will be inundated if a Category 3 storm were to hit. Basically, apart from the few areas around the US-1 corridor, there would likely be next to no dry land.

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Figure 5.10: Category 3 Storm Surge with 2040 NOAA and USACE Sea Level Rise

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Designated Flood Areas

The FEMA Digital Flood Insurance Rate Maps (DFRIM) from 2014 were used to conduct the assessment of assets located in the 100- and 500-year flood zones as well as the VE (Coastal areas with a 1% chance or greater of flooding and additional hazard associated with storm waves) zone.

DFIRMS data indicates flood risk information derived from Flood Insurance Studies (FISs), previously published Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs), flood hazard analyses performed in support of the FISs and FIRMs and new mapping data, where available. The City of Oak Hill’s 100-year flood zones are concentrated along the communities closest to the Mosquito Lagoon as well as some upland areas in the southern end of the City. The 500-year flood zone encompasses a much larger amount of the City, with a vast majority of the western side having some level of inundation and only a few small upland areas along US-1 are spared any flooding.

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July 2021 Chapter 5-16 Figure 5.11: 100- and 500-Year Flood Zones Based on 2014 DFIRM

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CHAPTER 5

COASTAL MANAGEMENT ELEMENT

GOALS, OBJECTIVES, AND POLICIES

GOAL 1: To conserve, protect and manage the coastal resources of the City of Oak Hill and to maintain and enhance the viability of native habitats, flora and fauna diversities, water qualities, and natural surface water characteristics, and to protect the community from the perils of flooding in a manner that will provide long term benefits to the community without endangering the health, safety and welfare of the residents thereof and to limit public expenditures in areas subject to destruction by natural disasters.

Objective 1.1

The City of Oak Hill has adopted a management program to ensure the long-term maintenance and protection of natural upland and wetland habitats and water quality of the community.

Policy 1.1.1. Management of the coastal area natural resources shall be in consonance with the watershed concept and as implemented pursuant to the Volusia County Coastal Management Element and, the St. Johns River Water Management District’s Stormwater Master Plan.

Policy 1.1.2. Areas of critical wetlands not connected to integrated corridors identified within the Volusia County Coastal Management Element implementing regulations shall be evaluated for inclusion as conservation of recreation and open space areas within the City’s Future Land Use Plan and the Coastal High Hazard Area as shown on the Future Land Use Map.

Policy 1.1.3. The City of Oak Hill hereby adopts a site-specific review process to ensure that areas designated as Conservation are not negatively impacted by any development order. The site-review process shall require the certification of an engineer or a soil scientist that the proposed development will not endanger the natural resources of the area as a result of the use of a septic tank system for the proposed development.

Policy 1.1.4. Standards for mitigation shall be adopted and shall be in consonance with like standards for mitigation developed by Volusia County.

Policy 1.1.5. The City of Oak Hill has adopted a plan for estuarine shoreline habitat reclamation where such reclamation is required to offset impacts from existing upland development.

Reclamation shall include but not be limited to:

(a) Removing debris and toxic materials;

(b) Stabilizing shorelines;

(c) Creating a wetland habitat;

(d) Relocating or eliminating stormwater or domestic waste effluent;

(e) Regulating of shoreline development.

Policy 1.1.6. The City of Oak Hill shall assist Volusia County in maintaining and updating the FLUCFCS maps by providing reports which depict changing conditions within the city limits.

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Policy 1.1.7. Development adjacent to estuarine and riverine shoreline areas shall maintain a habitat buffer zone to protect and conserve canopy, understory and ground cover of native upland vegetation and wetlands.

Policy 1.1.8. Development in habitat areas which contain flora or fauna listed by the State of Florida or the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as either Endangered, Threatened, or Species of Special Concern shall be protected in accordance with Volusia County minimum standards.

Objective 1.2

The City of Oak Hill has developed land use regulations which conserve, protect, and manage coastal resources so that growth and future land use do not damage or destroy these natural resources.

Policy 1.2.1. The City of Oak Hill has established a site review process and evaluation criteria which will ensure that all proposed land uses be evaluated by the Planning and Land Development Regulation Commission and that those proposed land uses which demonstrate a potential for creating an adverse impact upon coastal resources shall be prohibited.

Policy 1.2.2. The Planning and Land Development Regulation Commission shall continue to identify land areas within the City which must be protected from land uses which have the potential for creating a significant adverse impact on a coastal resource to a point where that resource would cease to be able to perform its intended function and shall prohibit such uses for the indicated land areas.

Policy 1.2.3. Priorities for shoreline land use shall be given to water-department uses over water- related land uses and these land uses shall have precedence over all other land uses, and shall be based on the type of water-dependent use, adjacent land uses, water quality, impact on critical habitat and the potential degradation of coastal resources by the proposed land use.

Policy 1.2.4. When developing the Future Land Use Plan, reviewing applications for zoning or rezoning, plan amendments or development orders, shoreline land uses shall adhere to the priorities set forth below (in order of highest to lowest priority), with all development and redevelopment in the Coastal High Hazard Area (CHHA), which are areas inundated by a category 1 hurricane surge, being required to incorporate principles, strategies and engineering solutions that obviate damage risks from a category 1 hurricane surge will be implemented.

Priority 1: Water-dependent uses such as: fish, shellfish and wildlife production; protection and conservation of coastal resources; recreation and open space; public access; marinas and boat launch areas; navigation; and water-dependent utilities and industry.

Priority 2: Water-related and water enhanced uses such as recreation, certain utilities, commerce and industrial uses.

Priority 3: Non-water dependent or related activities such as residential development, and non- water dependent industry and commerce.

Priority 4: Uses which are non-water-dependent, non-water-related, and non-water-enhanced which result in an irretrievable commitment of coastal resources.

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Policy 1.2.5. The City of Oak Hill shall adopt land development regulations by 2023 which prescribe standards for marina siting or expansion to include the following criteria with priority given to expansion of existing facilities and deference to the Manatee Protection Plan and the rules pertaining to Class II Waters.

(a) Marinas shall be located in areas where the least dredging and maintenance area required and where marine resources shall not be adversely affected;

(b) Sufficient upland areas shall be included in the proposed developed to accommodate all support facilities needed to facilitate adequate parking, dry storage, work areas, stormwater management facilities, and other non-water dependent uses;

(c) Marinas shall be sited in areas which minimal or no dredging or filling to provide access to the facility by either canal, channel or road;

(d) The marina area shall not be dredged to a depth greater than that required to prevent prop dredging;

(e) Marina basins shall be located where there is an existing basin and access channel with adequate depth to accommodate the proposed use. A minimum depth of four feet below mean low water shall be required;

(f) Facilities shall be designed to maximize or improve water circulation patterns and shall not adversely affect existing circulation patterns;

(g) Any buffer zone established by FDEP Shellfish Environmental Assessment Section shall be maintained and where necessary, enhanced or expanded;

(h) Marinas shall not be permitted in areas where approved or conditionally approved shellfish harvesting would be severely impacted and/or sections closed to shellfish harvesting;

(i) New or expanded marinas shall not be located in Aquatic Preserves, Class II Waters or Outstanding Florida Waters;

(j) Marinas should not be permitted in areas which have been determined by FDEP and USFWS to be critical to the survival of the endangered Manatee. These areas may include but are not limited to Manatee sanctuaries, feeding areas, or areas which have been identified in the Manatee Protection Plan;

(k) Prior to the operation of any new marina fueling facility, or expansion of an existing facility, a fuel management/spill contingency plan shall be developed. The plan shall prescribe methods to be used in the dispensing of fuels and all procedures, methods, and materials to be used in the event of a fuel spill;

(l) Sewer pump-out service and facilities shall be available and accessible to all new boat slips constructed or renovated.

(m) Location relative to the coastal high hazard area as shown on the Future Land Use Map.

Policy 1.2.6. New or expanded marina facilities shall utilize dry storage to the fullest extent.

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Objective 1.3

The City of Oak Hill shall enhance land development regulations which conserve, protect and improve the quality of all water, both estuarine and potable, within the community so that stormwater retention and detention for new systems and, when possible for existing systems, cleanse water that discharges into the Mosquito Lagoon to a level at least as high as the receiving body of water through strategies that should include nature-based solutions integrated with grey infrastructure.

Policy 1.3.1. The City of Oak Hill shall support the water quality sampling and monitoring program being conducted by the Environmental Management Division, Volusia County, and any other program which is designed to either improve the supply or quality of estuarine water located within or adjacent to the community.

Policy 1.3.2. The City of Oak Hill shall provide assistance to the Environmental Management Division, Volusia County and within the capabilities of the City, to validate the proper functioning of all point source discharge systems.

Policy 1.3.3. The City of Oak Hill, though Code Enforcement, shall continuously check for any non-point source of pollution and ensure that corrective measures are initiated immediately or a stop-work order issued and enforced until such corrective actions have been completed by authorized personnel.

Policy 1.3.4. The City of Oak Hill will continue to coordinate with County of Volusia in the identification and delineation of areas serviced by septic tank systems so that definitive plans can be developed for replacement of these systems with a regional sewer system on a priority basis.

Criteria to be used in the ranking of priority shall include but not be limited to:

(a) Soil types;

(b) Water table level;

(c) Proximity to Aquatic Preserves, Class II Waters and Outstanding Florida Waters;

(d) Proximity to opened shellfish harvesting areas;

(e) Proximity to other water bodies;

(f) Density of septic tank usage;

(g) Areas known or suspected to be impacting surface or groundwater quality;

(h) Proximity to planned or existing public wastewater treatment systems.

Policy 1.3.5. All new wastewater treatment facilities, or expansion to existing facilities, shall utilize the highest level of treatment possible for the system that is being proposed or upgraded.

Policy 1.3.6. The City of Oak Hill hereby adopts a policy of wastewater reuse or land spraying as an alternative means of effluent dispersal so that nutrient loadings in the rivers and estuary are decreased.

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Policy 1.3.7. Best management practices, as determined by the District’s current Stormwater Master Plan shall be incorporated into land development regulations and shall serve to limit the amount of sediment reaching all surface waters.

Policy 1.3.8. The construction of future stormwater management systems and the redesign of existing systems shall consider the timing of discharge of fresh water into the estuary, the hydroperiod of the wetlands, and the potential loadings which shall result from the discharge.

Stormwater systems should be designed to gradually release water via sheet flow action through natural or constructed wetlands.

Policy 1.3.9. The construction of new, or expansion of existing, pipes, ditches and canals which transport large volumes of fresh water rapidly to the estuary shall be prohibited.

Policy 1.3.10. The City of Oak Hill participated with all other local governments within the coastal area in the development of the District’s latest Stormwater Master Plan that shall: establish minimum standards on a watershed basis; address specific and cumulative impacts to prevent estuarine pollution; establish minimum standards for control of surface water runoff.

Policy 1.3.11. The findings and recommendations from the Surface Water Improvement and Management study shall be incorporated into the plans and development regulations of the City of Oak Hill

Policy 1.3.12. Potable water supplies shall be protected in accordance with the County of Volusia Code of Ordinances which governs Protection of Water Well Fields or its replacement.

Policy 1.3.13. New and redevelopment of land shall be required to capture stormwater on site through a variety of techniques including but not limited to adequate retention and detention, low impact development techniques to alleviate offsite flooding and improve water quality in the Mosquito Lagoon.

Policy 1.3.14. The City shall encourage and provide incentives for innovative low impact development techniques (LID) to enhance stormwater quality. These may include, but are not limited to, green streets, bioswales/bioretention, rain gardens, permeable pavements, street trees, exfiltration systems, etc.

Policy 1.3.15. The City shall work to provide stormwater retention and detention to prioritize the use of green stormwater infrastructure approaches in appropriate areas and projects to increase opportunities for retention/detention and reduce runoff through a hybrid approach. These approaches may include, but are not limited to bioswales, stormwater parks, rain gardens, green parking lots, tree/planter boxes, vegetated/treed rights of way, low impact development techniques, and other water flow diversion and capture solutions.

Objective 1.4

The City of Oak Hill shall continue to review and update the Comprehensive Emergency Plan to ensure that said plan contains measures which lessen the impact that a destructive storm or hurricane event shall have upon human life, property, public facilities and natural resources within the community, and to ensure that specified evacuation times can be maintained or reduced.

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Policy 1.4.1. The City of Oak Hill hereby adopts a policy whereby all residents of the City are to be evacuated within sixteen (16) hours upon receipt of notification by property authority that evacuation is in order for a category 5 storm as measured on the Saffir-Simpson scale.

Policy 1.4.2. The Planning and Land Development Regulation Commission shall review all proposed land uses as to the impact that such development shall have upon the ability of the City to evacuate all residents within the prescribed sixteen (16) hours for a category 5 storm as measured on the Saffir-Simpson scale and shall deny a development order until such time as adequate infrastructure is in place.

Policy 1.4.3. Future roadway improvements shall be constructed so as to minimize the impact of flooding and storm damage on these facilities.

Policy 1.4.4. The Planning and Land Development Regulation Commission of the City of Oak Hill shall review the Volusia County Comprehensive Emergency Operations Plan on an annual basis to ensure that provisions are contained therein for the orderly evacuation of all residents of the City within the adopted evacuation time of sixteen (16) hours or less.

Policy 1.4.5. The City of Oak Hill shall coordinate with the Volusia County School District and the Volusia County Emergency Management Operations Director on the use of the W.F. Burns Elementary School as a hurricane evacuation shelter. Said coordination shall be in writing and shall be on an annual basis and shall include the maximum number of individuals that shall be accommodated therein.

Policy 1.4.6. If and when the W.F. Burns Elementary School facility is not available as a hurricane evacuation shelter for the community, or the maximum capacity of the shelter exceeds 23 percent of the total community population (to include county residents) the City of Oak Hill shall notify Volusia County and the American Red Cross of the condition and shall request the designation of an additional facility to be used as a hurricane evacuation shelter.

Policy 1.4.7. The City shall use the East Central Florida Regional Resilience Action Plan to integrate the regional approach to sea level rise planning recommendation within its plans, procedures and policies. The City will consider a range of rise based upon the vulnerability, allowable risk, and project service life and the forecast project “in-service” date of a facility or development. The range will include a minimum rise of 5.15 feet by 2100 (2013 USACE High) with an upper range of 8.48 feet by 2100 (2017 NOAA High). Short-term planning should consider impacts out to 2040, 1.22 -1.85 feet (20-year planning horizon), medium- term planning should consider impacts out to 2070 (2.85-4.47 feet) (50-year planning horizon), and long-term planning should extend out to 2100 (80-year planning horizon).

Objective 1.5

The City of Oak Hill has established procedures for effective coordinative activities with those agencies having responsibility for managing and continuing to protect, conserve and enhance coastal wetlands, living marine resources, estuaries, surface water and groundwater quality, watersheds, wildlife habitat, natural areas, open space for outdoor recreation and coastal barriers located within the corporate limits of the City.

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Policy 1.5.1. Given that the coastal barrier is located within the Canaveral National Seashore Park the City of Oak Hill shall coordinate with the National Parks Service as to assistance that the City of Oak Hill can provide in the management of that resource. Where an action, standard or activity is indicated by the National Parks Service the City of Oak Hill shall implement that action or activity within its given resource availability.

Policy 1.5.2. Given that all waters adjacent to the City of Oak Hill are within the Canaveral National Seashore Park the City of Oak Hill shall, on a biannual basis, request information from the National Parks Service as to assistance that the City can provide to conserve, protect and enhance the living marine resources habitats of those waters. Where an action, standard or activity is indicated by the National Parks Service the City of Oak Hill shall implement that action or activity within its given resource availability.

Policy 1.5.3. Given that coastal wetlands are multi-jurisdictional the role of the City of Oak Hill to conserve, protect and enhance these sensitive areas shall be limited to the prevention of actions or activities which serve to degrade the intended function of these areas. The City of Oak Hill shall, on a biannual basis, request information from the US Army Corps of Engineers, the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation, the Florida Department of Environmental Protection and the St. Johns River Water Management District as to actions or activities that are appropriate for the City. Where an action, standard or activity is indicated by these agencies the City of Oak Hill shall implement that action or activity within its given resource availability.

Policy 1.5.4. Given that the Mosquito Lagoon estuary is a multi-jurisdictional area under the control of the National Parks Service the City of Oak Hill shall, on a biannual basis, request information from that agency as to actions, standards or activities that the City might take which would provide protection for the estuary.

Policy 1.5.5. The City shall consider stormwater discharge standards recommended by the Mosquito Lagoon Aquatic Preserve, when available, and meet the Florida Department of Environmental Protection’s water quality standards. In addition, the City shall continue to cooperate with these and other agencies to include the St. Johns River Water Management District in an effort to conserve, use and protect waters that flow into estuarine or oceanic waters.

Policy 1.5.6. Prior to consideration of seawall construction and other hardscape solutions, the City shall prioritize the incubation of living shorelines and other nature-based solutions to mitigate the impacts of sea level rise. Should hardscape solutions be required, the inclusion of a living shoreline shall be included as an integral part of this solution.

Policy 1.5.7. The City shall continue to support the permitting requirements and guidelines of the County, State, and Federal agencies applicable to dock and seawall construction, channel and canal dredging, filling of wetlands, and mangrove alteration, the City shall exercise diligence in informing City property owners of the need to observe all such requirements and guidelines, and the need to obtain required permits.

Objective 1.6

In conjunction with the East Central Florida Regional Planning Council and the County of Volusia, the City of Oak Hill shall ensure that an adequate Post-Disaster Relief Plan is in effect for the City.

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The City’s Code of Ordinances shall be amended to reflect this new information if a need is so indicated.

Policy 1.6.1. The City of Oak Hill has developed land development regulations which shall include the following policies for build-back subsequent to destructive damage from a hurricane:

(a) Structures damaged less than 50 percent of their replacement cost at the time of the damage may be rebuilt to their original condition, subject to current building and fire safety codes;

(b) Structures damaged more than 50 percent of their replacement cost at the time of the damage may be rebuilt to their original square footage and density, provided such construction complies with:

i. federal requirement for elevation above the 100-year flood plain;

ii. current building and life-safety codes;

iii. any required zoning or other development regulation (other than density or intensity), unless compliance with such regulations would preclude reconstruction otherwise intended by the build-back policy;

iv. any other federal regulation;

v. any state regulation;

vi. any other relevant local regulation.

Policy 1.6.2. The City of Oak Hill hereby incorporates by reference the hazard mitigation annex of the Volusia County Comprehensive Emergency Plan, or its replacement, and applicable mitigation reports included therein, as component parts of this plan.

Objective 1.7

The City of Oak Hill shall require best practices development and redevelopment principles, strategies, and engineering solutions that will result in the removal of coastal real property from flood hazard area, including the 100 Year flood plain and the Coastal High Hazard Area defined as the area below the elevation of a category 1 storm surge (inundated by a category 1 hurricane surge).

Policy 1.7.1. The City shall encourage the best practice development and redevelopment principles, strategies, and engineering solutions that will result in the removal of coastal real property from flood zone designations established by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. These strategies may include but are not limited to acquisition of repetitive flood loss properties for open space flood capture areas, elevation or hardening of structures, considerations to acquire conservation lands to mitigate flooding in developed areas, and other best practices determined to be appropriate by the City or presented by developer.

Policy 1.7.2. The City shall identify site development techniques and best practices that may reduce losses due to flooding and claims made under flood insurance policies issued in the State of Florida and shall participate and comply with the national Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) regulations and, if deemed appropriate, also participate in the Community Rating System (CRS)

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Program, which involves managing and documenting activities that the city performs to gain points under FEMA’s CRS Program.

Policy 1.7.3. All new and redevelopment in the City shall be consistent with, or more stringent than, the flood resistant construction requirements in the Florida Building Code and applicable flood plain management regulations set forth in 44 C.F.R. part 60.

Policy 1.7.4. The City should utilize, but not be limited to, the following tools, site development techniques and strategies to mitigate flooding and effects of sea level rise and storm surge in order to protect property, to the greatest physical and financial extent possible:

(a) Compact development patterns in areas outside the Coastal High Hazard Area (CHHA).

(b) Low impact development techniques on private and public property that provide for site design, engineering and stormwater management to reduce stormwater runoff, encourage greater onsite storage, reuse or absorption and mitigate flood impacts such as pervious pavement, native vegetation, rain gardens or barrels, etc.

(c) Requirement of a minimum elevation of 5 feet above Base Flood Elevation (BFE) or other more stringent standard based on additional analysis for all new or redevelopment in the CHHA. Encourage a greater first floor elevation in other areas of the City.

(d) Dry and Wet flood proofing of structures

(e) Prioritization of living shoreline installation and maintenance, including dune restoration;

(f) Allowance of specialized fortification techniques as recommended by the Florida Green Building Council.

(g) Green street techniques to divert, capture or absorb water to reduce flood impacts on private property, including, but not limited to street trees, landscaped areas and vegetative curb extensions, bioswales, native street plantings, and roadway re-design.

(h) New parking standards and parking lot site plan design with greater water capture techniques;

(i) Hybrid stormwater master plan to integrate a combination of green and gray infrastructure, including but not limited to bioretention, increasing pipe capacity, stormwater parks, rain gardens/bioswales, larger pipes, pumps, and water flow diversion strategies

(j) Increase of set-back lines for properties in the CHHA as needed resulting from erosion and sea level rise;

Policy 1.7.4. In accordance with Florida Statute Section 163.3178(2)(f)5, the City shall require that any construction activities seaward of the coastal construction control line established pursuant to s. 161.053 be consistent with chapter 161.

Objective 1.8

To accomplish the objectives and implement policies, the City shall initiate funding and financing schema to address costs involved with protecting citizens and property from the impacts of coastal hazards.

Policy 1.8.1. The City shall investigate the use of funding sources that do not need to be repaid as a priority such as the following sources;

(a) grants from county, state, federal and foundations,

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(b) tax proceeds, (c) user fees,

(d) stormwater utility fees (e) public/private partnerships (f) crowd funding

(g) voluntary surcharges

Policy 1.8.2. Financing sources that do require some level of repayment should also be sought, such as;

(a) loans

(b) state revolving funds, (c) municipal bonds

(d) environmental impact fees

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