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(1)

Events

 

Leading

 

to

 

Civil

 

War

(2)

Define

 

Sectionalism

(3)

Opinion

 

on

 

National

 

Bank

Northern

 

Viewpoint

• Supported National Bank; it 

would create a common 

currency to make trade 

more efficient

Southern

 

Viewpoint

 

• Did not support a National 

Bank; thought state banks 

would be more responsive 

(4)

Opinion

 

on

 

Tariffs

Northern

 

Viewpoint

• Supported tariffs; they 

would protect American 

manufacturing by making 

foreign goods more 

expensive 

Southern

 

Viewpoint

 

• Did not support tariffs; they 

would make their imported 

goods more expensive to 

buy and foreign countries 

could retaliate and impose a 

tariff on our exports 

(5)

Development

 

of

 

Transportation

 

Systems

Northern

 

Viewpoint

• More developed roads, 

canals, railroads

Southern

 

Viewpoint

 

• Less developed roads, 

(6)

Attitude

 

toward

 

slavery

Northern

 

Viewpoint

• Did not support; relied 

instead on paid factory 

labor 

Southern

 

Viewpoint

 

• Supported as necessary for 

(7)

Differences

 

in

 

climate

Northern

 

Viewpoint

• Rocky, cold

(8)

Differences

 

in

 

economic

 

systems

Northern

 

Viewpoint

• Focus on 

industry/manufacturing

(9)

Who

 

holds

 

sovereignty

/supremacy?

 

Northern

 

Viewpoint

• Federal  government 

(10)
(11)
(12)

Missouri

 

Compromise:

 

(1820)

• The first confrontation over slavery in the West occurred in 

1819. Missouri applied for admission to the Union as a 

slave state. 

• The admission of Missouri would upset the balance of 

power in the Senate where at the time there were 11 free 

states and 11 slave states. 

• Senator Henry Clay proposed a compromise. In 1820, he 

suggested that Missouri enter as a slave state and Maine

as a free state to keep the balance of power. 

• Congress also drew an imaginary line across the Louisiana 

Purchase at 36 degrees 30 minutes north latitude. North of 

the line would be free states (with the exception of 

(13)
(14)

Tariff

 

of

 

1828:

 

(1828)

Congress

 

passed

 

the

 

Tariff

 

of

 

1828,

 

known

 

as

 

the

 

“Tariff

 

of

 

Abominations.”

 

The

 

tariff

 

earned

 

this

 

nickname

 

because

 

it

 

made

 

foreign

 

products

 

expensive

 

for

 

people

 

to

 

(15)

Tariff

 

of

 

1828:

 

(1828)

It

 

especially

 

goods

 

more

 

expensive

 

if

 

they

 

did

 

not

 

have

 

industry

 

in

 

their

 

region

 

producing

 

similar

 

items.

 

This

 

was

 

the

 

case

 

in

 

the

 

South,

 

which

 

mainly

 

produced

 

raw

 

materials.

 

The

 

tariff

 

also

 

meant

 

less

 

money

 

went

 

to

 

foreign

 

countries,

 

which

 

then

 

bought

 

fewer

 

(16)
(17)
(18)

Nat

 

Turner’s

 

Rebellion

 

(1831)

Nat Turner, a slave, along with about 60  other slaves led a violent rebellion that 

resulted in the deaths of more than 50 

Virginians. 

• Nat and many others were executed for 

their part, or suspected part, in the 

revolt. 

Nat Turner’s Rebellion struck longterm  fear in the hearts of slave 

owners, which caused them 

to place new restrictions on slaves and prompted a 

national debate on the 

(19)

The

 

Tariff

 

of

 

1832

 

(1832)

 

&

 

The

 

Nullification

 

Crisis

Also known as the Compromise Tariff, the Tariff of 1832  was passed by Congress in an attempt to appease the 

South after the Tariff of 1828.  

• Unsatisfied, John C. Calhoun (South Carolina) issues an 

Ordinance of Nullification, which declared both tariffs 

unconstitutional and would not be honored within the 

(20)

The

 

Tariff

 

of

 

1832

 

(1832)

 

&

 

The

 

Nullification

 

Crisis

President

 

Andrew

 

Jackson

 

issues

 

his

 

Proclamation

 

Regarding

 

Nullification,

 

explaining

 

its

 

unconstitutionality

 

and

 

promising

 

to

 

use

 

military

 

force,

 

if

 

necessary.

 

South

 

Carolina

 

repeals

 

the

 

Ordinance

 

of

 

Nullification

 

after

 

a

 

new

 

tariff

 

is

 

passed.

  

Controversy

 

represents

 

debate

 

over

 

states

 

(21)

Compromise

 

of

 

1850

 

(1850)

• In 1850, California applied for admission as a free state. 

• Once again, the balance of power in the Senate was 

threatened. The South did not want to give the North a 

majority in the Senate. They also feared that more free 

(22)

Compromise

 

of

 

1850

 

(1850)

The Compromise of 1850 had four  parts: 

1) California entered as a free 

state. 

2) The rest of the Mexican cession 

was divided into New Mexico 

and Utah. In each state, voters 

would decide the issue of 

slavery.

3) Slave trade was ended in 

Washington D.C. 

4) A strict new fugitive‐slave law 

(23)

Fugitive

 

Slave

 

Law

 

(1850)

The Fugitive Slave Law of 1850  was very controversial. 

It required that all citizens were  obligated to return runaway 

slaves. 

People who helped slaves  escape would be jailed and 

fined. 

• The law enraged Northerners 

because it made them feel a 

part of the slave system. Persons 

involved with the Underground 

Railroad worked to subvert the 

(24)

Harriet

 

Beecher

 

Stowe’s

 

Uncle

 

Tom’s

 

Cabin

 

(1852)

• Published in response to the Fugitive Slave Act of 

1850, it had sold two million copies worldwide 

within two years of being published. After the 

Bible, Uncle Tom’s Cabin was the highest selling 

book of the 19th century.

• Stowe wrote of the evils and cruelty of slavery, 

thereby helping to change the way many 

Northerners felt about slavery. 

• Slavery was now not only a political problem but 

a moral problem.  

• President Lincoln read Uncle Tom’s Cabin before 

announcing the Emancipation Proclamation in 

1862, and when he met Stowe, he exclaimed, 

“So this is the little woman who started this 

(25)

Harriet

 

Beecher

 

Stowe’s

 

Uncle

 

Tom’s

 

Cabin

 

(1852)

“Tom

 

opened

 

his

 

eyes,

 

and

 

I

 

looked

 

upon

 

his

 

master…

 

‘There

 

an’t no

 

more

 

ye

 

can

 

do!

  

I

 

forgive

 

ye

 

with

 

all

 

my

 

soul!’

 

and

 

he

 

fainted

 

entirely

 

away.

‘I

 

b’lieve,

 

my

 

soul,

 

he’s

 

done

 

for,

 

finally,’

 

said

 

Legree,

 

stepping

 

forward,

 

to

 

look

 

at

 

him.

 

‘Yes,

 

he

 

is!

  

Well,

 

his

 

mouth’s

 

shut

 

up,

 

at

 

last,

 ‐‐

that’s

 

one

 

comfort!’”

(26)

Kansas

Nebraska

 

Act

 

(1854)

This act repealed the Missouri Compromise, which said  that states north of the latitude 36° 30’ would be free 

states. 

This allowed settlers in the territories of Kansas and  Nebraska to decide whether they would allow slavery 

(27)

Kansas

Nebraska

 

Act

 

(1854)

Southerners

 

supported

 

the

 

act,

 

while

 

Northerners

 

felt

 

it

 

was

 

a

 

betrayal.

  

Furthermore,

 

the

 

Kansas

Nebraska

 

Act

 

split

 

the

 

Democratic

 

Party

 

and

 

virtually

 

destroyed

 

the

 

Whig

 

Party.

 

The

 

northern

 

Whigs

 

joined

 

the

 

antislavery

 

Democrats

 

to

 

form

 

the

 

Republican

 

(28)

“Bleeding

 

Kansas”

 

(1856)

Anti

and

 

pro

slavery

 

forces

 

set

 

up

 

rival

 

governments,

 

causing

 

disagreements

 

over

 

whether

 

slavery

 

should

 

be

 

allowed

 

in

 

Kansas

 

and

 

(29)
(30)

Dred Scott

 

Decision

 

(1857)

• Dred Scott, a slave, sued for his freedom on 

the grounds that since his master had taken 

him to live in free territories, he should be 

free. 

• The controversial decision of the U.S. 

Supreme Court stated that no slave or 

descendant of a slave could be a U.S. citizen. 

As a non‐citizen and a slave viewed as 

property, Scott was not entitled to file suit. 

• The Court also ruled that Congress had no power to exclude 

slavery from the territories; therefore, the Missouri 

Compromise and other legislation limiting slavery were 

(31)

A

 

House

 

Divided

“A house divided against itself cannot stand.  I do not 

believe this government can endure, permanently, half 

slave and half free.  I do not expect the Union to be 

dissolved—I do not expect the house to fall—but I do 

expect it will cease to be divided.  It will become all one 

thing or all the other.” 

‐ Abraham Lincoln, Springfield, Illinois, June 16, 1858

Upon

 

accepting

 

the

 

nomination

 

to

 

run

 

for

 

Senate,

 

(32)

Lincoln

Douglas

 

Debates

 

(1858)

These debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen  Douglas, sponsor of the Kansas‐Nebraska Act, were 

primarily over the issue of slavery. 

The debates forged Lincoln into a prominent national  figure and solidified his Republican Party’s antislavery 

(33)

John

 

Brown’s

 

Raid

 

(1859)

In

 

1859,

 

John

 

Brown

 

and

 

a

 

group

 

of

 

followers

 

organized

 

a

 

raid

 

on

 

Harpers

 

Ferry,

 

Virginia,

 

a

 

federal

 

arsenal.

 

Brown

 

hoped

 

that

 

slaves

 

would

 

come

 

to

 

the

 

arsenal

 

and

 

he

 

would

 

then

 

lead

 

a

 

massive

 

slave

 

uprising.

 

It

 

was

 

Brown’s

 

belief

 

that

 

slavery

 

could

 

be

 

ended

 

only

 

through

 

the

 

use

 

of

 

violence.

 

Brown

 

was

 

unsuccessful,

 

and

 

troops

 

led

 

by

 

Robert

 

E.

 

Lee

 

killed

 

10

 

raiders

 

and

 

captured

 

John

 

Brown.

 

He

 

was

 

found

 

guilty

 

of

 

murder

 

and

 

treason

 

and

 

sentenced

 

to

 

death.

 

Brown

 

conducted

 

himself

 

with

 

great

 

composure

 

during

 

(34)

John

 

Brown’s

 

Raid

 

(1859)

While

 

many

 

northerners

 

thought

 

his

 

plan

 

to

 

lead

 

a

 

slave

 

revolt

 

was

 

misguided,

 

they

 

also

 

saw

 

Brown

 

as

 

a

 

hero.

 

Southerners

 

felt

 

that

 

the

 

North

 

wanted

 

to

 

(35)

Election

 

of

 

1860

 

(1860)

In the mid1850s, people who opposed slavery were  looking for a new voice. Free Soilers, Northern 

Democrats, and anti‐slavery Whigs formed the 

Republican Party. Their main goal was to keep slavery 

out of the western territories, not to end slavery in the 

South. The party grew and was ready in 1856 to 

challenge the older parties in power. They were not 

successful in 1856. 

In 1860, the Republicans ran Abraham Lincoln from  Illinois. Lincoln was known to oppose slavery on the 

basis of its being morally wrong. However, Lincoln was 

not willing to end slavery at the risk of tearing the 

(36)

Election

 

of

 

1860

 

(1860)

Election

 

represents

 

sectional

 

differences

.

(37)

Secession

 

of

 

the

 

South

 

(1860)

• The Southerners’ reaction to the election of President Lincoln was 

strong. They felt that the country had put an abolitionist in the 

White House. The South felt that secession was the only option. 

• In 1860, South Carolina seceded from (left) the Union. By February 

of 1861, Alabama, Florida, Texas, Georgia, Louisiana, and Mississippi 

had seceded. In 1861, the seven states held a convention in 

Montgomery, Alabama, and formed the Confederate States of 

(38)

Secession

 

of

 

the

 

South

 

(1860)

Jefferson

 

Davis

 

of

 

Mississippi

 

was

 

named

 

the

 

President

 

of

 

the

 

new

 

Confederacy.

 

The

 

South

 

felt

 

they

 

had

 

the

 

right

 

to

 

secede.

 

The

 

Declaration

 

of

 

Independence

 

stated

 

that

 

“it

 

is

 

the

 

right

 

of

 

the

 

people

 

to

 

alter

 

or

 

to

 

abolish”

 

a

 

government

 

that

 

denies

 

the

 

rights

 

of

 

its

 

citizens.

 

Lincoln,

 

they

 

believed,

 

would

 

(39)
(40)

Beginning

 

of

 

Civil

 

War

 

(1861)

After

 

Lincoln

 

took

 

the

 

oath

 

of

 

office

 

in

 

1861,

 

he

 

announced

 

that

 

no

 

state

 

can

 

lawfully

 

leave

 

the

 

Union.

He

 

declared,

 

however,

 

there

 

would

 

be

 

no

 

war

 

unless

 

the

 

South

 

started

 

it.

 

The

 

South

 

started

 

to

 

take

 

possession

 

of

 

all

 

Federal

 

buildings

 

forts

 

and

 

post

 

offices.

 

The

 

South

 

took

 

control

 

of

 

the

 

three

 

forts

 

in

 

Florida

 

and

 

was

 

ready

 

to

 

(41)

Fort

 

Sumter

 

(1861)

• In April, 1861, the Confederates asked for the fort’s surrender. 

Major Robert Anderson of the Union refused to surrender. The 

Confederate troops proceeded to shell Fort Sumter. Anderson ran 

out of ammunition and was forced to surrender. The war had 

(42)

The

 

Civil

 

War

“Both

 

parties

 

[condemned]

 

war,

 

but

 

one

 

of

 

them

 

would

 

make

 

war

 

rather

 

than

 

let

 

the

 

nation

 

survive,

 

the

 

other

 

would

 

accept

 

war

 

rather

 

than

 

let

 

it

 

perish,

 

and

 

the

 

war

 

came.”

(43)

Exit

 

Slip

On

 

a

 

separate

 

sheet

 

of

 

paper,

 

put

 

your

 

name

 

at

 

the

 

top

 

and

 

respond

 

to

 

the

 

following

 

question:

 

Pick

 

one

 

thing

 

we

 

talked

 

about

 

today

 

and

 

explain

 

how

 

it

 

led

 

to

 

Civil

 

War.

 

References

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