http://www.ijias.issr-journals.org/
Corresponding Author: Saif Eddine DERRADJI 877
ﺔ ﺧﺎﻨﻤﻟا تا ﺆﻤﻟا لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺎ" ﺔ ﺣﺎ ﺴﻟا ﺔﺣاﺮﻟا سﺎ ﻗ
(
:
) *ﻟا لﺎﻤﺸﻟا ,ﻗأ) ﺔﻟﺎﻘﻟا ﺔ0ﺪﻠ" ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﺔﺳارد
5
6 (
(يﺮﺋاﺰﺠﻟا
[ Measuring tourist comfort using climate indicators: Case study of El Kala Municipality
(North -East of Algeria) ]
Saif Eddine DERRADJI, Djamel Eddine GUESSOUM, and Rabah ZENNIR
Planning Department, Urban and Environmental Analysis Laboratory, Badji Mokhtar - Annaba University, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Annaba, Algeria
Copyright © 2020 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
A
BSTRACT:
Climate is the main controller of human behaviors and practices, and even determines their nature and types. It is also often responsible for its effectiveness, as in some economic activities. Tourism is part of these activities, It is practiced by man as an urgent result of rest, recreation, sense of nature, taste and enjoyment in areas unusual to live in. The climate plays an important role in its success or failure, and changing its elements from one region to another changes the type and specificity of tourism. The climate determines the degree of tourist comfort. This research paper aims to study the tourist comfort and highlight the role of climate elements and their direct and indirect effects on them by addressing them in detail and droping it on the municipality of El Kala in the far northeast of Algeria. The Tourism Climate Index (TCI) was used in the preparation of this study. The results showed in the end that the tourism climate index of the municipality of El Kala is not constant throughout the year and variable with positive and negative values recorded. The spring and summer season are considered to be one of the most suitable periods for tourism activity in the region. The index reached its maximum value (88%). The remaining, in addition to winter, is considered an inappropriate time for tourism (35.5% in January), mainly due to the impact of climate and its components.K
EYWORDS:
Tourism, tourism climate index, Tourist Comfort, Climate, Effects, municipality of El Kala.:ﺺﺨﻠﻣ خﺎﻨﻤﻟا CﺘﻌF G ﺮﻟا ﻢJﺤﺘﻤﻟا
أ ﺎﻤM .ﺎﻬﻋاﻮﻧأو ﺎﻬﺘﻌSﺒﻃ دﺪﺤXو ﻞZ ،نﺎﺴ^ﻹا تﺎﺳرﺎﻤﻣو تﺎSﻛﻮﻠﺳ f ghﺋ jk j ﻮﻫ ﺎﻤM ،ﺎﻬﺘﻋﺎﺠﻧ ىﺪﻣ ﻦﻋ نﺎSﺣﻷا ﻞﺟ f لوﺆﺴﻤﻟا ﻪﻧ
jk
Xو ،ﺲﻔﻨﻟا ﻦﻋ ﻪSﻓ Cﻟاو ﺔﺣاﺮﻠﻟ ﺔﺤﻠﻣ ﺔﺠSzﻨﻛ نﺎﺴ^ﻹا ﺎﻬﺳرﺎﻤF ،تﺎﻃﺎﺸ|ﻟا ەﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ءﺰﺟ Cﺘﻌﺗ ﺔﺣﺎSﺴﻟﺎﻓ .ﺔFدﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻا ﺔﻄﺸ^ﻷا ﺾﻌZ f لﺎﺤﻟا ‡ G jk ا ﺐﻌﻠ
ارود ﺎﻨﻫ خﺎﻨﻤﻟ
ﺮﺧأ Šإ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻦﻣ ە•ﺎﻨﻋ Cﻐﺗ نأ ﺎﻤM ،ﺎﻬﻠﺸﻓ وأ ﺎﻬﺣﺎﺠﻧ ىﺪﻣ f مﺎﻫ • jk ﺔﻗرﻮﻟا ەﺬﻫ فﺪﻬﺗو .ﺔSﺣﺎSﺴﻟا ﺔﺣاﺮﻟا ﺔﺟرد دﺪﺤF يﺬﻟا ﻮﻬﻓ .ﺎﻬﺗﺎSﺻﻮﺼﺧو ﺎﻬﻋﻮﻧ CﻐF ى
•
ﻟا Cﻏو ة –ﺎ—ﻤﻟا ﺎﻬﺗا Cﺛﺄﺗو ﺔSﺧﺎﻨﻤﻟا •ﺎﻨﻌﻟا رود زاﺮﺑœو ﺔSﺣﺎSﺴﻟا ﺔSﻫﺎﻓﺮﻟاو ﺔﺣاﺮﻟا ﺔﺳارد Šإ ﺔSﺜﺤ—ﻟا • ž • ﻚﻟذ طﺎﻘﺳœو ﻞSﺼﻔﺘﻟﺎZ ﺎﻬﻴﻟإ قﺮﻄﺘﻟا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ة –ﺎ—ﻤ
ž
¥ﻗأ f ﺔﻟﺎﻘﻟا ﺔFﺪﻠZ ¦ﻋ jk
ﺔﺣﺎSﺴﻟا خﺎﻨﻣ –ﺆﻣ ﻒSﻇﻮﺗ ﻢﺗو .يﺮﺋاﺰﺠﻟا f ©ﻟا لﺎﻤﺸﻟا ž j‡ ž TCI
ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ f ە•ﺎﻨﻋ ﻦﻣ ﺾﻌ—ﺑ ﺔﻧﺎﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻢﺗ ﺚSﺣ ،ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا ەﺬﻫ داﺪﻋإ f jk jk
—ﺑ ﺔﺣﺎSﺴﻟا خﺎﻨﻣ –ﺆﻣ نأ ﺔFﺎﻬﻨﻟا f ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟا تﺮﻬﻇأو .ﻞﺣاﺮﻤﻟا ž jk Sﺒﻠﺳ ىﺮﺧأو ﺔSﺑﺎﺠFا ﻢSﻗ ﺖﻠﺠﺳ ﺚSﺣ Cﻐﺘﻣو ﺔﻨﺴﻟا رﻮﻬﺷ لﻮﻃ ¦ﻋ ﺖZﺎﺛ Cﻏ ﺔﻟﺎﻘﻟا ﺔFﺪﻠ
• • ،ﻪﻟ ﺔ
)ىﻮﺼﻘﻟا ﻪﻤSﻗ Šإ –ﺆﻤﻟا ﺎﻤﻬﻴﻓ ﻞﺻو ،ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻤﻟﺎZ ¯ﺎSﺴﻟا طﺎﺸ|ﻠﻟ ﺔﻤﺋﻼﻣ تا Cﻔﻟا ﻦﺴﺣأ ﻦﻣ ناﺪﻌF ﻒSﺼﻟاو ﻊﻴ±²ﻟا ﻞﺼﻔﻓ ž j ‡ 88
% ﻒX²ﺨﻟا ﺔFاﺪZ ة Cﻓ ﻚﻟﺬﻛ ﺪﻌﺗ ﺎﻤM ،( ‡
ﻟا ﺎﻤﻨ³ﺑ ،حﺎSﺴﻠﻟ ﺔﻤﺋﻼﻣو ةﺪSﺟ ﻟ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻤﻟا Cﻏ ﻦﻣﺰﻟا ﻦﻣ CﺘﻌF ءﺎﺘﺸﻟا ﻞﺼﻓ Šإ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎZ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ¶—ﺘﻤ
• G j ‡ ) ﺔﺣﺎSﺴﻠ
35.5 % f jk ،( ¶ﻧﺎﺟ ﺮﻬﺷ j k Šإ Šوﻷا ﺔﺟرﺪﻟﺎZ ﻚﻟذ ﻊﺟﺮXو
.ﻪﺗﺎﻧﻮﻜﻣو خﺎﻨﻤﻟا Cﺛﺄﺗ •
:ﺔ ﻟﻻد تﺎﻤﻠU
ﺔﺣﺎSﺴﻟا ، ﺔﺣﺎSﺴﻟا خﺎﻨﻣ –ﺆﻣ ž ،
ﺔSﺣﺎSﺴﻟا ﺔﺣاﺮﻟا ،
خﺎﻨﻤﻟا ، تا Cﺛﺄﺘﻟا • ، .ﺔﻟﺎﻘﻟا ﺔFﺪﻠZ
ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻤﻟا
ﺗ ﻜ gz j ﺔﺣﺎSﺴﻟا f jk ﻢﻟﺎﻋ مﻮﻴﻟا ﺔSﻤﻫأ ﺔFدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ،ى Cﻛ G ¸ﻓ j ﺖﺤ—ﺻأ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺻ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ ،ﺎﻬﺗاﺬZ ﺎﻬﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ لوﺪﻟا ﺔFﺎﻨﻋ ،ﺔﺻﺎﺧ لﻮﻌﺗو ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ا Cﺜﻛ • ﺮX¹ﻄﺘﻟ ﺎﻬﺗﺎFدﺎﺼﺘﻗا
ﺎﻫدراﻮﻣو ،ﺔSﻟﺎﻤﻟا ﺚSﺣ ﻞﻐﺘﺴº ەﺬﻫ لوﺪﻟا ﻞM ﺎﻣ ﺗ ﺮﻓﻮﺘ ﻪSﻠﻋ ﻦﻣ تﺎﻧﺎJﻣإ وأ تﺎﻣﻮﻘﻣ ﻞMو ﺎﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﺷ نأ ﻢﻫﺎﺴ» f jk رﻮﻄﺗ ﺬﻫ ا عﺎﻄﻘﻟا ﻢﻬﻤﻟا دﺪﻌﺘﻤﻟاو عاﻮﻧﻷا ﺔﻣ Cﺤﻣو ‡
ﻪﺟﻮﺘﻟا ½ﻟﺎﻌﻟا j ﻖﻠﺨﻟ ﺎﺼﺘﻗا د ماﺪﺘﺴﻣ ¿ﻴ±و j À . ەﺬﻫ تﺎﻣﻮﻘﻤﻟا ع¹ﻨzﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻟود Šإ ،ىﺮﺧأ ¸ﻓ j ﺲﻓﺎﻨzﺗ ﺎﻤSﻓ ﺎﻬﻨ³ﺑ Šإ Áﻤﺜﺗ k • ﻞM ﺎﻣ ﻮﻫ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ f jk ،ﺎﻬﻤSﻟﺎﻗأ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﻞM ﺎﻣ ﻮﻫ
ISSN : 2028-9324 Vol. 28 No. 4, Mar. 2020 878 CﺘﻌXو G خﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﻦﻣ Áﺑ k • ەﺬﻫ ﻨﻌﻟا ،•ﺎ ﻮﻬﻓ ءﺰﺟ ﻦﻣ تﺎﻣﻮﻘﻤﻟا .ﺔSﻌSﺒﻄﻟا خﺎﻨﻤﻟﺎﻓ ﺪﻌF ﻢJﺤﺘﻤﻟا ghﺋﺮﻟا j f jk تﺎSﻛﻮﻠﺳ تﺎﺳرﺎﻤﻣو ،نﺎﺴ^ﻹا ﻞZ دﺪﺤXو ﺎﻬﺘﻌSﺒﻃ .ﺎﻬﻋاﻮﻧأو ﺎﻤM ﻪﻧأ لوﺆﺴﻤﻟا f jk ﻞﺟ نﺎSﺣﻷا ﺔﺟرﺪﻟﺎ±و Šوﻷا ﻦﻋ ىﺪﻣ ﻬﺘﻋﺎﺠﻧ ،ﺎ ﺎﻤM ﻮﻫ لﺎﺤﻟا f jk ﺾﻌZ ﺔﻄﺸ^ﻷا .ﺔFدﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻا ﺔﺣﺎSﺴﻟﺎﻓ Cﺘﻌﺗ G f jk اﺬﻫ مﺎﻘﻤﻟا ءﺰﺟ ﻦﻣ ەﺬﻫ ،تﺎﻃﺎﺸ|ﻟا ﺎﻬﺳرﺎﻤF نﺎﺴ^ﻹا ﺔﺠSzﻨﻛ ﺔﺤﻠﻣ ﺔﺣاﺮﻠﻟ مﺎﻤﺠﺘﺳﻻاو ﻪSﻓ Cﻟاو
‡ ﻦﻋ ﺲﻔﻨﻟا سﺎﺴﺣﻹاو ﺔﻌSﺒﻄﻟﺎZ ﺎﻬﻗوﺬﺗو ﻊﺘﻤﺘﻟاو ﺔﻣﺎﻗﻹﺎZ f jk ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ Cﻏ • دﺎﺘﻌﻤﻟا ﺶhﻌﻟا ﻪSﻓ [1] ، ﺐﻌﻠXو خﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﺎﻨﻫ رود ا مﺎﻫ f jk ىﺪﻣ ﺎﻬﺣﺎﺠﻧ وأ ﺎﻬﻠﺸﻓ [2] ، ﻮﻬﻓ ﻊﻴﻄﺘﺴ» نأ نﻮﻜF ﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣ طﺎﺸ|ﻠﻟ ¯ﺎSﺴﻟا j وأ ﻋ ﺎﻘﺋﺎ ،ﻪﻟ ﻦﻜﻤF نأ ﻊﻓﺮﻳ وأ ﺾﻔﺨF ﻦﻣ ﺔ—ﺴ^ بﺎﻄﻘﺘﺳا حﺎSﺴﻟا ﻢJﺤﺘXو f jk ﻢﻬﺗﺎﻬﺟو ،ﺔSﻧﺎJﻤﻟا ﻪﻟ رود Cﺒﻛ • f jk ﻢﺠﺣ ﺪﺋﺎﻌﻟا Šﺎﻤﻟا j ﺎﻤM) ﻮﻫ لﺎﺤﻟا f jk ﻢﺳﻮﻣ ةورﺬﻟا وأ ،(دﻮﻛﺮﻟا ﺎﻤM نأ Cﻐﺗ • ە•ﺎﻨﻋ ﻦﻣ ﻣ ﺔﻘﻄﻨ Šإ ىﺮﺧأ CﻐF • ع¹ﻧ ﺔﺣﺎSﺴﻟا ﺔﺳرﺎﻤﻤﻟا ،ﺎﻬﺗﺎSﺻﻮﺼﺧو طﺎ—ﺗرﻻﺎﻓ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻖﻴﺛو نﻻ ﻟا خﺎﻨﻤ ﻮﻫ يﺬﻟا دﺪﺤF ﺔﺟرد ﺔﺣاﺮﻟا ﺔSﻫﺎﻓﺮﻟاو .ﺔSﺣﺎSﺴﻟا زاﺮﺑﻹو ەﺬﻫ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟا ﺔﻘSﺛﻮﻟا ﺔﻠﻣﺎJﺘﻤﻟاو Áﺑ k • ﺔﺣﺎSﺴﻟا ،خﺎﻨﻤﻟاو مﺎﻗ ﺪFﺪﻌﻟا ﻦﻣ Áﺜﺣﺎ—ﻟا k • f jk اﺬﻫ لﺎﺠﻤﻟا زﺎﺠﻧﺎZ تﺎﺳارد لﺎﻤﻋأو ﺔSﺜﺤZ ﺘﻠﻟ قﺮﻄ Šإ ﻚﻟذ ﻦﻳﺪﻤﺘﻌﻣ ¦ﻋ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ،تﺎﻧﻮﻜﻤﻟا تﺎSﻄﻌﻤﻟا
تا –ﺆﻤﻟاو ž ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟا ﻦﻳﺬﻬﺑ Âﻨﻌﻟا ﻦX .[3] ﻦﻣ Áﺑ k • ەﺬﻫ ،تا –ﺆﻤﻟا ž –ﺆﻣ ž خﺎﻨﻣ ﺔﺣﺎSﺴﻟا '' THE TOURISM CLIMATE INDEX '' ) TCI ( يﺬﻟا ﻒﻇو ﺔﺳارﺪﻟ ﻞSﻠﺤﺗو Cﺛﺄﺘﻟا • ﻞﻤﺘﺤﻤﻟا Cﻐﺘﻟ • خﺎﻨﻤﻟا ¦ﻋ ،ﺔﺣﺎSﺴﻟا ﺚSﺣ ﺪﻌF ﺚﺣﺎ—ﻟا ﺐﺗﺎÇﻟاو Z.MIECZKOWSKI ﻮﻫ و ا ﻊﺿ لوأو ﻦﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا اﺬﻫ –ﺆﻤﻟا ž ﺔﻨﺳ 1985 [4] ، ﻦﻣ لﻼﺧ ﻪﻟﻼﻐﺘﺳا •ﺎﻨﻌﻠﻟ ﺔﻌ—ﺴﻟا خﺎﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﻢSﻴﻘﺘﻟ ىﺪﻣ Cﺛﺄﺗ • ةﺪﺋﺎﻓو اﺬﻫ Cﺧﻷا • .حﺎSﺴﻠﻟ ¦ﻋو ،ەﺮﺛا ©zﻧا ž ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ اﺬﻫ –ﺆﻤﻟا ž f jk ﺪFﺪﻌﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ،ﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟا ﺚﺣ تﺰﺠﻧأ ةﺪﻋ تﺎﺳارد دﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺎZ ﻪSﻠﻋ ، ﺮﻛﺬﻧ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺎﻣ مﺎﻗ ﻪZ
S.TOY
و S.YILMAZ ﺔﻨﺳ 2007 ﻟ ﺪFﺪﺤﺘ ﺔﺣاﺮﻟا ﺔSﺧﺎﻨﻤﻟا f jk ثﻼﺛ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺎSﻛﺮﺗ [5] ﺎﻣو، مﺎﻗ ﻪZ ﺎﻀFأ جhﻓ ةداز ﺪﻤﺣأو يدﺎmﻋ ) 2010 ( ﻢSﻴﻘﺘﻟ ﻢSﺴﻘﺗو خﺎﻨﻣ ﺔﺣﺎSﺴﻟا f jk ناﺮﻳإ ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎZ اﺬﻫ –ﺆﻤﻟا ž [6] ، ﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎZ Šإ ﻞﻤﻋ يدﺎﻓ و pاﺰﻣر 5q ﺔﻨﺳ 2013 ﻟ ﻒS|ﺼﺘ –ﺆﻣ ž خﺎﻨﻣ ﺔﺣﺎSﺴﻟا f jk Ëارﻷا j k ﻟا ﺔ—ﻃﺮ f jk Šاﺰﻧأ j [7] . ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا ﺎﻀFأ اﺬﻫ –ﺆﻤﻟا ž ﺔﻨﺳ 2015 f jk
Áﺼﻟا k • ﻦﻣ ﻃ فﺮ FANG و YIN ، f jk Áﺣ k • ﻪﻔﻇو ﻞM ﻦﻣ BEHAYLU و TESHOME ) 2018 ( f jk ﻞSﻠﺤﺘﻟا ½ﺳﻮﻤﻟا j ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎZ –ﺆﻣ ž خﺎﻨﻤﻟا ¯ﺎSﺴﻟا j ﻦÌﺎﻣﻸﻟ ﺔSﺣﺎSﺴﻟا ﺔSﺴhﺋﺮﻟا
f jk .ﺎS±¹ﻴﺛإ ﺎﻤM نأ –ﺆﻤﻠﻟ ž تﻻﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳا f jk
تﺎﻘSﺒﻄﺗ ىﺮﺧأ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا ¿ﻟا j ‡ ﺎﻬﺗﺰﺠﻧأ ﺎ ﻟاد دﻮﻤﺤﻣ نوﺮﺧآو ) 2019 ( f jk ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ تا Cﺛﺄﺘﻟا • ﺔﻠﻤﺘﺤﻤﻟا تا Cﻐﺘﻠﻟ • ﺔSﺧﺎﻨﻤﻟا ¦ﻋ ﺔﻨﻳﺪﻣ ﺔﻗدﺮﻐﻟا ÂﻤZ .[8] ﻦﻣو لﻼﺧ ەﺬﻫ ﺔﻗرﻮﻟا ،ﺔSﺜﺤ—ﻟا لوﺎﺤﻨﺳ ﻒSﻇﻮﺗ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳاو –ﺆﻣ ž خﺎﻨﻣ ﺔﺣﺎSﺴﻟا ) TCI ( f jk ﺔFﺪﻠZ ﺔﻟﺎﻘﻟا ﺔﻌﻗاﻮﻟا ¥ﻗﺄZ لﺎﻤﺸﻟا f ©ﻟا j‡ ž ﺋاﺰﺠﻟا ،يﺮ اﺬﻫو فﺪﻬﺑ سﺎSﻗ ﺔﺳاردو ﺔﺣاﺮﻟا ﺔSﻫﺎﻓﺮﻟاو ﺔSﺣﺎSﺴﻟا ﺔFﺪﻠ—ﻟﺎZ زاﺮﺑœو رود •ﺎﻨﻌﻟا ﺔSﺧﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﺎﻬﺗا Cﺛﺄﺗو • ة –ﺎ—ﻤﻟا ž Cﻏو • ة –ﺎ—ﻤﻟا ž .ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ و رﺪﺠX ﺎﻨﻫ ﺮﻛﺬﻟﺎZ ةرﺎﺷﻹا Šإ نأ اﺬﻫ ،ﻞﻤﻌﻟا CﺘﻌF G ءﺰﺟ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺣوﺮﻃأ ەارﻮﺘﻛد f jk رﻮﻃ داﺪﻋﻹا روﺪF ﺎﻬﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﻋ ﻊﻗاو ﺔﺣﺎSﺴﻟا f jk ﺔFﺪﻠZ ﻟا ﺔﻟﺎﻘ .ﺎﻬﻠ—ﻘﺘﺴﻣو
ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻮﻟا
ﺔ ﺠﻬﻨﻤﻟاو
ﻞ—ﻗ قﺮﻄﺘﻟا Šإ تﺎﻧﺎSﺒﻟا ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻮﻟاو ¿ﻟا j ‡ ﺖﻠﻤﻌﺘﺳا زﺎﺠﻧﻻ ەﺬﻫ ،ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا تﺎSﺠﻬﻨﻤﻟاو ¿ﻟا j ‡ ،ﺖﻔﻇو Ï—|ﻳ jk f jk ﺔFاﺪ—ﻟا ﻢFﺪﻘﺗ ﻒX²ﻌﺘﻟاو لﺎﺠﻤZ .ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا
ﻢ0ﺪﻘﺗ
لﺎﺠﻣ
ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا
ﺔﻟﺎﻘﻟا وا LA CALLE Ð j ﺔFﺪﻠZ و ةﺮﺋاد ½ﺘ|ﺗ j ﺎXرادإ Šإ ﺔFﻻو ،فرﺎﻄﻟا ﺗ ﻊﻘ f jk ¥ﻗأ لﺎﻤﺸﻟا f ©ﻟا j‡ ž ﺔﻟوﺪﻟ .ﺮﺋاﺰﺠﻟا ﺪﻌ—ﺗ ﻦﻋ ﺪﻣ ﺔﻨﻳ ﺔZﺎﻨﻋ ب 90 ﻢﻠM ﻦﻋو دوﺪﺤﻟا ﺔX²ﺋاﺰﺠﻟا ﺔSﺴ^ﻮﺘﻟا ب 16 .ﻢﻠM ﺎﻫﺪﺤF ﻦﻣ لﺎﻤﺸﻟا ﺮﺤ—ﻟا ﻤﻟا ،ﻂﺳﻮﺘ ﻦﻣو بﻮﻨﺠﻟا ﻞM ﻦﻣ ﺔFﺪﻠZ Áﻋ k • ﻞﺴﻌﻟا ﺔFﺪﻠ±و ﻞﻣر ،قﻮﺴﻟا ﺎﻣأ ﻦﻣ ق ©ﻟا ž ﺔFﺪﻠZ مأ لﻮﺒﻄﻟا ﺎﻤﻨ³ﺑ ﺎﻫﺪﺤF ﺎ±²ﻏ تﺎFﺪﻠZ ،فرﺎﻄﻟا ﺔﺠﻠﺛﻮﺑ .نﺎﺤX²±و ﻎﻠ—ﺗ ﺎﻬﺘﺣﺎﺴﻣ 292 ﻢﻠM 2 Cﺘﻌﺗو G ﺔFﺪﻠ—ﻟا CÌﻷا G ﺔﺣﺎﺴﻣ f jk ﺔFﻻو فرﺎﻄﻟا ﺔﻄX²ﺧ) ﻢﻗر 01 .( ﺎﻫدﻮﺴ» خﺎﻨﻤﻟا ، Ôﺳﻮﺘﻤﻟا j Cﻤﺘﺗ k • ع¹ﻨzﺑ رﺎﻀﺗ ﺎﻬﺴÕ Áﺑ k • ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻤﻟا ﺔSﻠﻬﺴﻟا ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻤﻟاو ﺔSﻠ—ﺠﻟا ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ عﺎﻔﺗرﻻا Áﺑ) k • 127 م Šإ 330 .(م ﻎﻠZ ﺎﻬﻧﺎJﺳ Šاﻮﺣ j 40000 ﺔﻤﺴ^ ) 2018 ( ﻞﺼﺗو ﺔﻓﺎﺜÖﻟا ﺔSﻧﺎJﺴﻟا ﺎﻬﻴﻓ 136.98 ﻢM×ﺔﻤﺴ^ 2 . ﺔFﺪﻠZ ﺔSﻠﺣﺎﺳ ﺔSﺣﺎSﺳ ،زﺎSﺘﻣﺎZ ﺮﻬﺘﺸº ﺎﻫﺮﻇﺎﻨﻤZ ،ﺔZﻼﺨﻟا CÌﺄﻓ Ø ﻦﻣ 50 % ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﺘﺣﺎﺴﻣ ةرﺎ—ﻋ ﻦﻋ ،تﺎZﺎﻏ ﺎﻤM ﻧأ ﺎﻬ ىﻮﺘﺤﺗ ¦ﻋ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺔ—ﻃر ﺔﻣﺎﻫ ﻞﺜﻤﺘﺗ f jk ﺪFﺪﻌﻟاISSN : 2028-9324 Vol. 28 No. 4, Mar. 2020 879
ﺔﻄﻳﺮﺧ 01 ﺔﻟﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺪﻠﺒﻟ ﻲﻓﺍﺮﻐﺠﻟﺍ ﻊﻗﻮﻤﻟﺍ :
ﺔﻘﻴﺛﻭ 01 ﺔﻟﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻳﺪﻤﻟ ﻡﺎﻋ ﺮﻈﻨﻣ :
ﺪﻌﺗ ەﺬﻫ ﺔFﺪﻠ—ﻟا اﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﺎX²ﺤZ ﺎﻣﺎﻫ Šإ ﺐﻧﺎﺟ طﺎﺸ^ ﺪSﺼﻟا يﺮﺤ—ﻟا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻤZ ﻪﻋاﻮﻧأ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻓ Cﺘﻌﺗ G ﻚﻟﺬﻛ ﺪﺣاو ﻦﻣ ﻢﻫأ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﺔSﻠﺣﺎﺴﻟا f jk ،ﺮﺋاﺰﺠﻟا ¸ﻓ j ﺐﻄﻘﺘﺴº
حﺎSﺴﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﺧاد جرﺎﺧو دﻼ—ﻟا ﺗو ﺮﺧﺰ ةﺪﻌZ ﻣﻮﻘﻣ تﺎ ﺔSﺣﺎSﺳ ﺔSﻌSﺒﻄﻟا ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺔSﺨXرﺎﺘﻟاو ،ﺔSﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟاو
ﺔﻓﺎﺿإ Šإ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻞÜﺎSﻫ ءاﻮﻳﻹا لﺎ—ﻘﺘﺳﻻاو ¯ﺎSﺴﻟا
j [9] .
ﺭﺪﺼﻤﻟﺍ
،ﻦﻴﺜﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ : 2019
ISSN : 2028-9324 Vol. 28 No. 4, Mar. 2020 880
تﺎﻧﺎ ﺒﻟا
ﺔﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻟا
ﻞﺜﻤﺘﺗ تﺎﻧﺎSﺒﻟا ﺔﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟا f jk
بﺎﺴﺣ
–ﺆﻣ ž خﺎﻨﻣ ﺔﺣﺎSﺴﻟا ) TCI ( f jk ەﺬﻫ ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا f jk ﺔﻌ—ﺳ تﺎSﻄﻌﻣ ﺔSﺧﺎﻨﻣ : Ð j ﺔﺟرﺪﻟا ىﻮﺼﻘﻟا ةراﺮﺤﻠﻟ ا ،ﺔSﻣﻮﻴﻟ ﺪﺤﻟا Úدﻷا k
ﻦﻣ ﺔ±¹ﻃﺮﻟا ﺔSÝﺴ|ﻟا ،ﺔSﻣﻮﻴﻟا ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺔﺟرد اﺮﺤﻟا ةر ،ﺔSﻣﻮﻴﻟا ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺔ±¹ﻃﺮﻟا ﺔSÝﺴ|ﻟا ،ﺔSﻣﻮﻴﻟا ﺔSﻤÇﻟا ﺔSﻠÇﻟا رﺎﻄﻣﻸﻟ ،ﺔﻄﻗﺎﺴzﻤﻟا ع¹ﻤﺠﻣ
تﺎﻋﺎﺳ ﺲﻤﺸﻟا ﺔﻗ ©ﻤﻟا ž
ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣو ﺔﻋ– .حﺎX²ﻟا
ﺪﻗو ﻢﺗ ﺔﻧﺎﻌﺘﺳﻻا تﺎﻧﺎSÝﺑ تﺎﻄﺤﻣ ﺪﺻﺮﻟا يﻮﺠﻟا ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﻤﻟا ﺔFﻻﻮﺑ فرﺎﻄﻟا ﻻوو ﺔF ،ﺔZﺎﻨﻋ ﺔﻓﺎﺿإ Šإ تﺎﻧﺎSﺒﻟا ﺔSﺧﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻟ وﺎﻔﻟا ﺔSﻟوﺪﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺧ لﻼ ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ
ﺎﻬﺗﺎﻧﺎSﺑ [10] ﺎﻬﺠﻣﺎﻧﺮ±و CLIMWAT2.0 يﺬﻟا
ﺢﻴzﻳ لﻮﺼﺤﻟا ¦ﻋ تﺎSﻄﻌﻤﻟا ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟا
ـZ 5000 ﺔﻄﺤﻣ ¦ﻋ ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ،ﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟا لﺎﺠﻤ±و ¿ﻣز j k ﺘﻤF ﺪ Áﺑ k • ﺔﻨﺳ 1971 ﺔﻨﺳو
2000 .
ﺔ ﺠﻬﻨﻤﻟا
فﺮﻌﺘﻠﻟ ¦ﻋ ﺔﺣاﺮﻟا ﺔSﻫﺎﻓﺮﻟاو ا ﺔSﺣﺎSﺴﻟ f jk ﺔFﺪﻠZ ا ﺔﻟﺎﻘﻟ ﺎﻬﺳﺎSﻗو زاﺮﺑœو رود •ﺎﻨﻌﻟا ﺔSﺧﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﺎﻬﺗا Cﺛﺄﺗو • ة –ﺎ—ﻤﻟا ž Cﻏو • ة –ﺎ—ﻤﻟا ž ،ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻢﺗ ﺔﻧﺎﻌﺘﺳﻻا
–ﺆﻤZ ž خﺎﻨﻣ
)ﺔﺣﺎSﺴﻟا TCI ( يﺬﻟا ﻪﻌﺿو ﻪﻠﻤﻌﺘﺳاو ﺚﺣﺎ—ﻟا Z.MIECZKOWSKI .
ﻢSﻘF اﺬﻫ ﻤﻟا –ﺆ ž ﻞJﺸá
âﻬﻨﻣ j G فوﺮﻈﻟا ﺔSﺧﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﺔﺣﺎSﺴﻠﻟ ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎZ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ
ﺔSﺧﺎﻨﻣ ﺘﺨﻣ .ﺔﻔﻠ
ﻞﺜﻤﺘﺗ ەﺬﻫ ﻞﻣاﻮﻌﻟا f jk •ﺎﻨﻌﻟا ﺔSﺧﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﻟا ﺔﻌ—ﺴ :ﺔSﻟﺎﺘﻟا ﺔﺟرﺪﻟا ىﻮﺼﻘﻟا ةراﺮﺤﻠﻟ ،ﺔSﻣﻮﻴﻟا ﺪﺤﻟا Úدﻷا k ﻦﻣ ﺔ±¹ﻃﺮﻟا ﺔSÝﺴ|ﻟا ،ﺔSﻣﻮﻴﻟا ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺔﺟرد ةراﺮﺤﻟا ،ﺔSﻣﻮﻴﻟا
ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺔ±¹ﻃﺮﻟا ﺔSÝﺴ|ﻟا ،ﺔSﻣﻮﻴﻟا Çﻟا ﺔSﻤ ﺔSﻠÇﻟا رﺎﻄﻣﻸﻟ ،ﺔﻄﻗﺎﺴzﻤﻟا ع¹ﻤﺠﻣ
تﺎﻋﺎﺳ ﺲﻤﺸﻟا ﺔﻗ ©ﻤﻟا ž ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣو – ﺔﻋ .حﺎX²ﻟا ﻦﻣ لﻼﺧ ەﺬﻫ تﺎﻧﺎSﺒﻟا ،ﺔ±¹ﻠﻄﻤﻟا ﻢﺘﻳ
ءاﺮﺟإ تﺎZﺎﺴﺤﻟا ¦ﻋ
سﺎﺳأ ﺔﻘX²ﻄﻟا ¿ﻟا j ‡ ﺎﻫﺪﻤﺘﻋا MIECZKOWSKI f jk
داﺪﻋإ .ﻪﺘﺳارد
f jk ەﺬﻫ ،ﺔﻘX²ﻄﻟا ﺐﺴﺤF ﻞÇﻟ –ﺆﻣ ž سورﺪﻣ ﺔﻤSﻘﻟا ةدﺪﺤﻤﻟا ضﺮﻌﻟ ﺔﻣءﻼﻣ خﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﻢﺛ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ تا –ﺆﻤﻟا ž ﺔ±¹ﺴﺤﻤﻟا ﺔﻌﻤﺘﺠﻣ
f jk ﺔﻟدﺎﻌﻤﻟا ﺔSﺋﺎﻬﻨﻟا :ﺔSﻟﺎﺘﻟا
TCI=2*(4CID+CIA+2P+2S+W)
:ﺚSﺣ ) CID ( : –ﺆﻣ ž ﺔﺣاﺮﻟا ءﺎﻨﺛأ رﺎﻬﻨﻟا ) CID (
) CIA ( : –ﺆﻣ ž ﺔﺣاﺮﻟا äﻮﻴﻟا j ) CIA (
) P ( : –ﺆﻣ ž ﺔSﻤM لﻮﻄﻫ رﺎﻄﻣﻷا ) P (
) S ( : –ﺆﻣ ž ع¹ﻤﺠﻣ تﺎﻋﺎﺳ ﺲﻤﺸﻟا ﺔﻗ ©ﻤﻟا ž
(W) : –ﺆﻣ ž ﺔﻋ– X²ﻟا حﺎ
ﻢﺘﻳ بﺎﺴﺣ
–ﺆﻣ ž خﺎﻨﻣ ﺔﺣﺎSﺴﻟا ) TCI ( ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎZ
–ﺆﻣ ž ﺔﺣاﺮﻟا ءﺎﻨﺛأ رﺎﻬﻨﻟا ) CID ( ﻮﻫو ﺞــــXåﻣ ﻦﻣ ¥ﻗأ تﺎﺟرد ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔSﻣﻮﻴﻟا ﺪﺤﻟاو Úدﻷا k ﻦﻣ ﺔ±¹ﻃﺮﻟا ﺔSÝﺴ|ﻟا
ﺔSﻣﻮﻴﻟا ﻢSﻴﻘﺘﻟ ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ فوﺮﻈﻟا ﺔSﺧﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﻨﺛأ ءﺎ رﺎﻬﻨﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ ﺪﺤﻟا ¥ﻗﻷا ﺔﻄﺸ^ﻷ حﺎSﺴﻟا رﺪﻘXو ﻪﻧزو f jk )ـ± –ﺆﻤﻟا ž 40 (٪ ، –ﺆﻣ ž ﺔﺣاﺮﻟا äﻮﻴﻟا j ) CIA ( ﻮﻫو ةرﺎ—ﻋ ﻦﻋ
ﺞــــXåﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺔﺟرد ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔSﻣﻮﻴﻟا ﺔ±¹ﻃﺮﻟاو ﺔSÝﺴ|ﻟا ﺔSﻣﻮﻴﻟا ﻢSﻴﻘﺘﻟ ﺔﺣاﺮﻟا ﺔXراﺮﺤﻟا ¦ﻋ راﺪﻣ 24 ﺔﻋﺎﺳ ﺎﻤZ f jk ﻚﻟذ تﺎﻋﺎﺳ مﻮﻨﻟا ﻪﺘÝﺴ^ ) 10 (٪ ﺔﻓﺎﺿإ Šإ
ﻣ تا Cﻐﺘ • ﻞﺜﻣ –ﺆﻣ ž لﻮﻄﻫ رﺎﻄﻣﻷا ) P ( و –ﺆﻣ ž ع¹ﻤﺠﻣ تﺎﻋﺎﺳ ﺲﻤﺸﻟا ﺔﻗ ©ﻤﻟا ž ) S ( ـZ ) 20 (٪ ﻞÇﻟ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻣ و –ﺆﻣ ž ﺔﻋ– حﺎX²ﻟا (W) ) 10 (٪
ﺔ—ﺴ|ﻟﺎZ Šإ –ﺆﻣ ž لﻮﻄﻫ رﺎﻄﻣﻷا ) P ( و –ﺆﻣ ž ع¹ﻤﺠﻣ تﺎﻋﺎﺳ ﺲﻤﺸﻟا ﺔﻗ ©ﻤﻟا ž ) S ( و –ﺆﻣ ž ﺔﻋ– حﺎX²ﻟا (W) ، دﺪﺤﺗ ﺔﻤSﻗ ﻒS|ﺼﺘﻟا ﻖﻓو
Áﻟوﺪﺠﻟا k • : Áﻴﻟاﻮﻤﻟا k •
ﻢﻗﺭ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ 01 ﻡﻮﻴﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻗﺮﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﺲﻤﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﺳ ﺩﺪﻋﻭ ﺭﺎﻄﻣﻷﺍ ﻝﻮﻄﻫ ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﺕﺍﺮﺷﺆﻣ ﻒﻴﻨﺼﺗ :
ﻒS|ﺼﺘﻟا ﺔﻤSﻗ
(ﻢﻣ) رﺎﻄﻣﻷا ﻂﻗﺎﺴzﻟ يﺮﻬﺸﻟا ﻢﺠﺤﻟا ﻒS|ﺼﺘﻟا ﺔﻤSﻗ (مﻮﻳ × ﺔﻋﺎﺳ) مﻮﻴﻟا j f ﺔﻗ ©ﻤﻟا ﺲﻤﺸﻟا تﺎﻋﺎﺳk ž
5 14.9 Šا 0 5 CÌاو تﺎﻋﺎﺳ Ø 10
4.5 29.9 Šا 15 4.5 9.95 Šا 9
4 44.9 Šا 30 4 8.95 Šا 8
3.5 59.9 Šا 45 3.5 7.95 Šا 7
3 74.9 Šا 60 3 6.95 Šا 6
2.5 89.9 Šا 75 2.5 5.95 Šا 5
2 104.9 Šا 90 2 4.95 Šا 4
1.5 119.9 Šا 105 1.5 3.95 Šا 3
1 134.9 Šا 120 1 2.95 Šا 2
0.5 149.9 Šا 135 0.5 1.95 Šا 1
0 C Ø Ìاو150 0 ﺔﻋﺎﺳ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻗا
:رﺪﺼﻤﻟا) MIECZKOWSKI ،
1985 (
ISSN : 2028-9324 Vol. 28 No. 4, Mar. 2020 881 ﻢﻗﺭ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ
02 ﺡﺎﻳﺮﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﺮﺳ ﺮﺷﺆﻣ ﻒﻴﻨﺼﺗ :
fاﺪﻟا خﺎﻨﻤﻟا مﺎﻈﻧ
À k ﺮﺧا مﺎﻈﻧ يدﺎﻌﻟا مﺎﻈﻨﻟا ﺎﺳ×ﻢM حﺎX²ﻟا ﺔﻋ–
2 2 5 2.88ﻦﻣ ﻞﻗا
1.5 2.5 4.5 5.75 Šا 2.88
0.5 3 4 9.03 Šا 5.76
0 4 3.5 12.23 Šا 9.04
0 5 3 19.79 Šا 12.24
0 4 2.5 24.29 Šا 19.80
0 3 2 28.79 Šا 24.30
0 2 1 38.52 Šا 28.80
0 0 0 38.52ﻦﻣ CÌا Ø
:رﺪﺼﻤﻟا) MIECZKOWSKI ،
1985 (
ﺪﻌF ﻞM ﻦﻣ CIA –ﺆﻣ) ž ﺔﺣاﺮﻟا ( äﻮﻴﻟا j و CID –ﺆﻣ) ž ﺔﺣاﺮﻟا (ﺔXرﺎﻬﻨﻟا ﻦXرﺎSﻌﻣ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻤﻟ ىﺪﻣ ﺔﺣاﺮﻟا ¿ﻟا j ‡ ﺲﺤF ﺎﻬﺑ ،نﺎﺴ^ﻹا ﻢﺘXو لﻮﺼﺤﻟا ¦ﻋ ﻣ ﺎﻤﻬﺗﺎX¹ﺘﺴ ﻦﻣ
ﻂﻄﺨﻣ ﺔﻄX²ﺨﻟا ﺔX CﻣوﺮﻜSﺴﻟا ‡
يﺬﻟا ﻪﺘﻌﺿو ASHRAE ﺔSﻌﻤﺠﻟا) ﺔSﻜX²ﻣﻷا êﺪﻨﻬﻤﻟ j ﺔﺌﻓﺪﺘﻟا ﺪX Cﺘﻟاو G ﻒSﻴﻜﺗو (ءاﻮﻬﻟا وأ ﻦﻋ ﻖX²ﻃ تﻻدﺎﻌﻤﻟا ﺔSﺑﺎﺴﺤﻟا [11] . ﺎﻘﻓوو ì
ﻒX²ﻌﺘﻟ ﺬﻫ ە ﺔSﻌﻤﺠﻟا ) ASHRAE ،( نﺈﻓ ﺔﺣاﺮﻟا ﺔXراﺮﺤﻟا Ð j ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟا ﺔX²ﻜﻔﻟا نﺎﺴ^ﻺﻟ ¿ﻟا j ‡ ﻦﻜﻤF Cﺒﻌﺘﻟا • ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﻦﻣ ﺎﺿﺮﻟا ﻦﻋ ﺔﺌ³ﺒﻟا ¿ﻟا j ‡ ﻮﻫ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ،ﺎﻬﺑ ﺚSﺣ ﻞJﺸº
ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻤﻟا ﺔﺣاﺮﻟا ﺔXراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻤﻟا ﺔSﻟﺎﺜﻤﻟا ـﻟ TCI ﻒS|ﺼﺘﺑ 5 طﺎﻘﻧ ﺾﻔﺨﻨXو سﺎSﻘﻣ ﻒS|ﺼﺘﻟا ﺎSﺠXرﺪﺗì ¦ﻋ ¿ﻧﺎﺟ j G ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻤﻟا Sﻟﺎﺜﻤﻟا ﺔ ﻖﻓو ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻢSﻘﻟا .ﺔﻠﺴﻠﺴzﻤﻟا
دوﺪﺤﻟﺎﻓ
Áﺑ k • ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻒS|ﺼﺘﻟا Ð j طﻮﻄﺧ ﺔﺟرد ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻔﻟا ﻤﻟا ةﺪﻤﺘﺴ ﻦﻣ ﻂﻄﺨﻣ .ﺔﺣاﺮﻟا Šﺎﺘﻟﺎ±و j ﻒﻨﺼF ﻞM ﻦﻣ ﻦX –ﺆﻤﻟا ž دﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺎZ ¦ﻋ ﺔﻤSﻗ ﺔﺟرد ةراﺮﺤﻟا
ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻔﻟا ﻖﻓو لوﺪﺠﻟا : Šﺎﺘﻟا j
ﻢﻗﺭ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ 03 ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺮﺤﻟﺍ ﺔﺟﺭﺩ ﻒﻴﻨﺼﺗ :
ﺔﻤSﻗ ﻒS|ﺼﺘﻟا
(ﺔX¹ﺌﻣ ﺔﺟرد) ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻔﻟا ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد
5.0 26/20
4.5 27/19
4.0 28/18
3.5 29/17
3.0 30/16
2.5 31/15-10
2.0 32/9-5
1.5 33/4-0
1.0 34 ×(1- )– (5-)
0.5 35
0.25
-0.0 36 ﻦﻣ CÌا×( G 10- )– (6-)
:رﺪﺼﻤﻟا) MIECZKOWSKI ،
1985 (
fو jk Cﺧﻷا • ﻦﻜﻤF ﻒS|ﺼﺗ ﺔﻤSﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﺤﺘﻤﻟا ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ –ﺆﻤﻟ ž خﺎﻨﻣ ﺔﺣﺎSﺴﻟا ) TCI ( ﻦﻣ لﻼﺧ ﺔﻟدﺎﻌﻤﻟا ﺔSﺑﺎﺴﺤﻟا ،ﺔﻘZﺎﺴﻟا ﻖﻓو لوﺪﺠﻟا : Šﺎﺘﻟا j
ﻭﺪﺟ ﻢﻗﺭ ﻝ 04 ﺔﺣﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺥﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﺷﺆﻣ ﻲﻓ ﻒﻴﻨﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻓ : )
TCI
(
ﻒ …ﺼﺘﻟا
ﺆﻤﻟا ﺔﻤ ﻗ (
Šﺎﺜﻣ
j 100 Šا90
زﺎﺘﻤﻣ 89 Šا80
اﺪﺟ ﺪSﺟ 79 Šا70
ﺪSﺟ 69 Šا60
لﻮﺒﻘﻣ 59 Šا50
Úدﻻا ﺪﺤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺐX²ﻗ
k 49 Šا40 ﻢﺋﻼﻣ Cﻏ
• 39 Šا30
اﺪﺟ ﻢﺋﻼﻣ Cﻏ
• 29 Šا20
ﻟا ﺪﻌZا Šا ﻢﺋﻼﻣ Cﻏ •
دوﺪﺤ 19Šا10
قﺎﻄF ﻻو ﻞﻤﺘﺤF ﻻ 9 Šا0
:رﺪﺼﻤﻟا) MIECZKOWSKI ،
ISSN : 2028-9324 Vol. 28 No. 4, Mar. 2020 882
ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟا
ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻟاو
ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟا
ﺪﻌZ ،ﻊﻤﺟ زﺮﻓ Cﻀﺤﺗو • تﺎﻧﺎSﺒﻟا ﺔﻣزﻼﻟا زﺎﺠﻧﻻ ەﺬﻫ ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻟا ﺔFﺪﻠ—ﺑ ،ﺔﻟﺎﻘﻟا ﻢﺗ داﺪﻋإ ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ تﺎﻧﺎSﺑ ة Cﻔﻠﻟ ‡ ﺔSﻨﻣﺰﻟا 1971 -2000 و ﺎﻗﻼﻄﻧا ،ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺎﻨﻤﻗ
بﺎﺴﺤZ ﻞM ﻣ ﻦ ي –ﺆﻣ ž CIA –ﺆﻣ) ž ﺔﺣاﺮﻟا ( äﻮﻴﻟا j و CID –ﺆﻣ) ž ﺔﺣاﺮﻟا ،(ﺔXرﺎﻬﻨﻟا ﻢﺛ ﺎﻨﻌﻀﺧأ ەﺬﻫ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟا Šإ ﺐﻧﺎﺟ تﺎSﻄﻌﻤﻟا ﺧﻷا ىﺮ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟا ﺔSﻤJZ رﺎﻄﻣﻷا ﺔﻋ–و
حﺎX²ﻟا ع¹ﻤﺠﻣو تﺎﻋﺎﺴﻟا ﺔSﻣﻮﻴﻟا ﺲﻤﺸﻠﻟ ،ﺔﻗ ©ﻤﻟا ž Šإ ﺔSﻠﻤﻋ ﻒS|ﺼﺘﻟا ﺐﺴﺣ ﺎﻣ مﺎﻗ ﻪZ MIECZKOWSKI
ﻖﻓو) لواﺪﺠﻟا ﺔﻘZﺎﺴﻟا ﻢﻗر 1 ، 2 و 3 ،( ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟاو ﻞﺼﺤﺘﻤﻟا
ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﻣ f jk لوﺪﺠﻟا ﻢﻗر 05 .
ﻢﻗﺭ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ 05 ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﻒﻴﻨﺼﺗ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ : ﺔﺣﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺥﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﺷﺆﻣ
)
TCI
(
ع¹ﻤﺠﻣ –ﺆﻣ ž ﺲﻤﺸﻟا تﺎﻋﺎﺳ
ﺔﻗ ©ﻤﻟا ž (S)
لﻮﻄﻫ ﺔSﻤM –ﺆﻣ ž
) رﺎﻄﻣﻷا P (
ﺔﻋ– –ﺆﻣ ž حﺎX²ﻟا (W)
ﺔﺣاﺮﻟا –ﺆﻣ : ž ) äﻮﻴﻟا j CIA (
ﺔﺣاﺮﻟا –ﺆﻣ ž رﺎﻬﻨﻟا ءﺎﻨﺛأ
) CID (
تا –ﺆﻤﻟا ž
ﺮﻬﺸﻟا 1,25
1 3,75 1,5 2 ¶ﻧﺎﺟ j k
1,75 1,5 4 1,5 2 يﺮﻔSﻓ
2,25 2,75 3,75 2 2,5 سرﺎﻣ
2,75 3,25 4 2,5 3,5 ﻞX²ﻓا
3,25 4 4 3 5 يﺎﻣ
4 4,5 4 5 4,5 ناﻮﺟ
4,75 5 4,25 4,75 2,25 ﺔSﻠX¹ﺟ
4,5 5 4,25 4,75 2,5 توا
3,25 3,75 4,25 5 3,75 CﻤﺘÝﺳ G
2,75 2,25 4 3,5 5 ﺮ±¹ﺘÌا
1,5 1,75 4 2,25 2,75 Cﻤﻓﻮﻧ G
1,25 1 4 1,75 2,5 Cﻤﺴ»د G
) :رﺪﺼﻤﻟا ﻦﻣ داﺪﻋا
Áﺜﺣﺎ—ﻟا k • ﺎﻗﻼﻄﻧا ﻦﻣ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ،ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا 2019 (
ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺘ±و ﺔﻟدﺎﻌﻤﻟا ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟا بﺎﺴﺤZ
–ﺆﻣ ž خﺎﻨﻣ ،ﺔﺣﺎSﺴﻟا لﻼﻐﺘﺳاو ﻒS|ﺼﺗ MIECZKOWSKI
دراﻮﻟا f jk لوﺪﺠﻟا ﻢﻗر 04 ، ﻢﺗ ﻞﺻﻮﺘﻟا Šإ ﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟا ﺞ ةدراﻮﻟا f jk لوﺪﺠﻟا
. Šاﻮﻤﻟا j
ﻢﻗﺭ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ 06 ) ﺔﻴﻨﻣﺰﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﺘﻔﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻟﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺪﻠﺒﻟ ﺔﺣﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺥﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﺷﺆﻣ ﺕﺎﻔﻴﻨﺼﺗﻭ ﻢﻴﻗ : 1971
-2000 (
ﻒS|ﺼﺘﻟا (TCI) ﺔﺣﺎSﺴﻟا خﺎﻨﻣ ž–ﺆﻣ ﺔﻤSﻗ ﺮﻬﺸﻟا ﻢﺋﻼﻣ Cﻏ
• 35,5 ¶ﻧﺎﺟ j k
Úدﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺐX²ﻗ
k 40 يﺮﻔSﻓ
لﻮﺒﻘﻣ 51,5 سرﺎﻣ
ﺪSﺟ 65 ﻞX²ﻓا
زﺎﺘﻤﻣ 83 يﺎﻣ
زﺎﺘﻤﻣ 88 ناﻮﺟ
اﺪﺟ ﺪSﺟ 75 ﺔSﻠX¹ﺟ
اﺪﺟ ﺪSﺟ 76 توا
اﺪﺟ ﺪSﺟ 76,5 CﻤﺘÝﺳ G
اﺪﺟ ﺪSﺟ 75 ﺮ±¹ﺘÌا
Úدﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺐX²ﻗ
k 47,5 Cﻤﻓﻮﻧ G Úدﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺐX²ﻗ
k 40,5 Cﻤﺴ»د G :رﺪﺼﻤﻟا) ﻦﻣ داﺪﻋا
ISSN : 2028-9324 Vol. 28 No. 4, Mar. 2020 883
ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻟا
تﺮﻬﻇأ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ اﺬﻫ ﺚﺤ—ﻟا نأ ﻤSﻗ ﺔ ﺔﺣاﺮﻟا ﺔSﻫﺎﻓﺮﻟاو ﺔSﺣﺎSﺴﻟا ﺔFﺪﻠ—ﺑ ،ﺔﻟﺎﻘﻟا ﻦﻣو لﻼﺧ ﺪﺣا ﺎﻬﺗا –ﺆﻣ ž ﻞﺜﻤﺘﻤﻟاو f jk ﻢSﻗ –ﺆﻣ ž خﺎﻨﻣ ﺔﺣﺎSﺴﻟا TCI ، Cﻏ • ﺔﺘﺑﺎﺛ ¦ﻋ لﻮﻃ رﻮﻬﺷ ﺔﻨﺴﻟا ﻞJﺷ)ة Cﻐﺘﻣو • ﻢﻗر 01 .( ½ﺘ|ﺗ j ﺔFﺪﻠ—ﻟا Šإ ﻢSﻠﻗإ خﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﺤ—ﻟا ،ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻤﻟا يﺬﻟاو Cﻤﺘﻳ k • عﺎﻔﺗرﺎZ ةراﺮﺤﻟا و فﺎﻔﺠﻟا ﺎﻔSﺻ ة Cﻛو Ø رﺎﻄﻣﻷا ﺘﺷ .اءﺎ ﺚSﺣ ﺖﻠﺠﺳ ﻢSﻗ ﺔSﺑﺎﺠFا ىﺮﺧأو ﺔSﺒﻠﺳ –ﺆﻤﻟ ž خﺎﻨﻣ ﺔﺣﺎSﺴﻟا ،ﺎﻬﺑ ﻞﺼﻔﻓ ﻊﻴ±²ﻟا ﻒSﺼﻟاو ناﺪﻌF ﻦﻣ ﻦﺴﺣأ تا Cﻔﻟا ‡ ﺔﻤﺋﻼﻣ طﺎﺸ|ﻠﻟ ¯ﺎSﺴﻟا j ،ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻤﻟﺎZ ﻞﺻو ﺎﻤﻬﻴﻓ –ﺆﻤﻟا ž Šإ ﻪﻤSﻗ ىﻮﺼﻘﻟا ) 88 % ،( ﺎﻤM ﺪﻌﺗ ﻚﻟﺬﻛ ة Cﻓ ‡ ﺔFاﺪZ ﻒX²ﺨﻟا ةﺪSﺟ ﺔﻤﺋﻼﻣو ،حﺎSﺴﻠﻟ ³ﺑ ﺎﻤﻨ ¶—ﺘﻤﻟا j‡ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎZ Šإ ﻞﺼﻓ ءﺎﺘﺸﻟا CﺘﻌF G ﻦﻣ ﻦﻣﺰﻟا Cﻏ • ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﺔﺣﺎSﺴﻠﻟ ) 35.5 % f jk ﺮﻬﺷ ،( ¶ﻧﺎﺟ j k ﻊﺟﺮXو ﻚﻟذ ﺔﺟرﺪﻟﺎZ Šوﻷا Šإ Cﺛﺄﺗ • خﺎﻨﻤﻟا ،ە•ﺎﻨﻋو ﻢSﻘﻓ ﺔ±¹ﻃﺮﻟا ﺔSÝﺴ|ﻟا ¶—ﺗ ‡ ﺔﻌﻔﺗﺮﻣ ¦ﻋ راﺪﻣ مﺎFأ ﺔﻨﺴﻟا ) 72 Šا 80 % ( ﺎﻣو داز ﻦﻣ ةﺪﺣ ﻚﻟذ ﺎﻀFأ ءاﻮﺘﺣا ﺔFﺪﻠ—ﻟا ﻋ ¦ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﺔ—ﻃﺮﻟا ة CﺤZ) • ﻧﻮﻃ ﺔﻘ ، ة CﺤZ • ة C±وا • ة Cﺤ±و • ،(حﻼﻤﻟا ﺎﻤﻨ³ﺑ فﺮﻌﺗ ﺔﺟرد ةراﺮﺤﻟا تا Cﻐﺗ • ﺔﻣﺎﻫ ءاﻮﺳ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺔSﻠﺼﻔﻟا وأ ﺔSﻣﻮﻴﻟا ىﺪﻣ) يراﺮﺣ ﻊﻔﺗﺮﻣ ،(ﺎSÝﺴ^ ﻒﺿ Šإ ﻚﻟذ دﻮﺟو ﻞﺣﺎﺴﻟا ﺎﻣو ﻪﻟ ﻦﻣ Cﺛﺄﺗ • ¦ﻋ •ﺎﻨﻌﻟا ﺔSﺧﺎﻨﻤﻟا .ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟا ﻞﻜﺷ 01 ﺔﺣﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺥﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﺷﺆﻤﻟ ﺔﻳﺮﻬﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻐﺘﻟﺍ : )
TCI
( ﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺪﻠﺑ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻟﺎ :رﺪﺼﻤﻟا) ﻦﻣ داﺪﻋإ Áﺜﺣﺎ—ﻟا k • ﺎﻗﻼﻄﻧا ﻦﻣ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ،ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا 2019 (
ﺔﻤﺗﺎﺨﻟا
نإ ع¹ﺿﻮﻤﻟا يﺬﻟا ﻪﺘﺠﻟﺎﻋ ەﺬﻫ ﺔﻗرﻮﻟا ﺔSﺜﺤ—ﻟا ﻮﻫ سﺎSﻗ ﺔﺳاردو ﺔﺣاﺮﻟا ﺔSﻫﺎﻓﺮﻟاو ﺔSﺣﺎSﺴﻟا f jk ﺔFﺪﻠZ ﺔﻟﺎﻘﻟا لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺎZ تا –ﺆﻤﻟا ž .ﺔSﺧﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺘﻟو اﺬﻫ فﺪﻬﻟا ، ﺎﻨﻛ ﺔﺟﺎﺤZ Šإ ﺪFﺪﺤﺗ ﻢSﻴﻘﺗو ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ەﺬﻫ ﺔﺣاﺮﻟا ﺔSﻫﺎﻓﺮﻟاو ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎZ ﺐSﻟﺎﺳﻷا ﺔSﻤﻠﻌﻟا ﺔﻟﻮﺒﻘﻤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﺟأ ﺪFﺪﺤﺗ âﻬﻨﻣ j G Cﺛﺄﺘﻟ • خﺎﻨﻤﻟا ¦ﻋ ﺔﻄﺸ^ﻷا ﺔSﺣﺎSﺴﻟا ، ﺚSﺤZ ﻦﻜﻤF ﺎﻬﻣاﺪﺨﺘﺳا ﺎﻤSﻓ ﺪﻌZ ﻦﻣ ﻞ—ﻗ ﻞM ﻦﻣ ﻪﻟ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻦﻣ ﺪSﻌZ وأ ﺐX²ﻗ عﺎﻄﻘZ ﺔﺣﺎSﺴﻟا ،حﺎSﺳ) Áﻠﻣﺎﻌﺘﻣ k • صاﻮﺧ ، Áﻴﻣﻮﻤﻋو k • ﻳﺪﻣ ،(...تﺎX² ﻚﻟﺬﻟ ﺎﻨﻣاﺪﺨﺘﺳا –ﺆﻣ ž خﺎﻨﻣ ﺔﺣﺎSﺴﻟا ) TCI ( رﺎSﻌﻤM ﻢSﻴﻘﺘﻟ ةدﻮﺟ خﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﺔ±²ﺠﺘﻟاو ﺔSﺣﺎSﺴﻟا حا Cﻗاو ‡ تﺎﻗوﻷا ﺔ—ﺳﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﺎﻬﻟ لﻼﺧ ﺔﻨﺴﻟا ﻢSﻠﻗñﺑ ﺔFﺪﻠZ .ﺔﻟﺎﻘﻟا تﺮﻬﻇأو ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟا ¿ﻟا j ‡ ﺎﻨﻠﺼﺤﺗ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ نأ فوﺮﻇ ﺔﺣاﺮﻟا ﺔSﻫﺎﻓﺮﻟاو ﺔSﺧﺎﻨﻤﻟا f jk ،ﺔﻟﺎﻘﻟا ةزﺎﺘﻤﻣ ةﺪSﺟو اﺪﺟ ﺔFاﺪZ ﻣ ﻦ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻞX²ﻓا Šإ ﺔFﺎﻏ ﺮﻬﺷ ¹ﺘÌأ ﺮ± يأ ﻞﺼﻓ ﻊﻴ±²ﻟا ﻒSﺼﻟاو ﺔFاﺪ±و ﻞﺼﻓ ،ﻒX²ﺨﻟا ﺎﻤﻨ³ﺑ ﺾﻔﺨﻨﻳﺎﻫ –ﺆﻣ ž f jk ﺮﻬﺷﻷا ﺔSﻘ—ﺘﻤﻟا Šإ ﺔﻤSﻘﻟا .ﺎSﻧﺪﻟا Cﺘﻌﺗو G ەﺬﻫ ةﺪﻤﻟا ﺔSﻨﻣﺰﻟا ة Cﻔﻠﻟ ‡ ةﺪSﺠﻟا ¿ﻟاو j ‡ قﻮﻔﺗ ﻒﺼﻧ ﺔﻨﺴﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺪﺣا ﻢﻫأ تﺎﻣﻮﻘﻣ ﺔﺣﺎSﺴﻟا ﺎﻫرﺎ—ﺘﻋﺎZ ﻦﻜﻤF نأ ﺪXåﺗ
f jk ﺐﺴ^ بﺎﻄﻘﺘﺳﻻا Z ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻤﻟﺎ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﺔ—ﺴ|ﻟﺎZ صﺎﺨﺷﻸﻟ ﻦﻳﺬﻟا نﻮﺜﺤ—ﻳ ﻦﻋ ﺔﺣاﺮﻟا ﺔSﻫﺎﻓﺮﻟاو ،ﺔSﺣﺎSﺴﻟا ﻻإ نأ اﺬﻫ عﺎﻄﻘﻟا يﻮﻴﺤﻟا
âSﺗا Cﺳﻻاو j G ‡ f jk
ەﺬﻫ ﺔFﺪﻠ—ﻟا ﻢﻟ ﻞﺼF Šإ ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ تﺎﻌﻠﻄﺘﻟا ءاﻮﺳ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺔﺠﻣ Cﻤﻟا G وأ .ةﻮﺟﺮﻤﻟا
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65
83
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EFERENCES] 1 [ ﺎﻤU ﺶ‰ورد ل . Šﺣﺎﻤﺤﻟا ﺪﻤﺤﻣ و
5
.غاﺮﻔﻟا تﺎﻗواو ﺢــــXو Cﻠﻟ ﺔXÂﻋ ﺔXؤر ‡
Âﻣ ، ©|ﻠﻟ بﺎﺘÖﻟا ﺰﻛﺮﻣ : ž 1997
. ﺔﺤﻔﺻ 249 .
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] 9 [ . ¯ارد ﻦﻳﺪﻟا ﻒSﺳ j G
ﺔSﺴ^ﻮﺘﻟا ﺔSﺣﺎSﺴﻟا ﺔﻨﻳﺪﻤﻟاو ﺔﻟﺎﻘﻟا ﺔX²ﺋاﺰﺠﻟا ﺔSﺣﺎSﺴﻟا ﺔﻨﻳﺪﻤﻟا Áﺑ ﺔﻧرﺎﻘﻣ ﺔﺳارد . ÁX²ﺋاﺰﺠﻟا حﺎSﺴﻠﻟ ﺲ^ﻮﺗ بﺎﻄﻘﺘﺳا ﺔSﻟﺎJﺷا k • k •
.ﺎﻬﻟ ةروﺎﺠﻤﻟا ﺔﻗ Cﻃ G
ﻣﺎﺟ ،ﺔZﺎﻨﻋ رﺎﺘﺨﻣ ¯ﺎZ ﺔﻌ j G 2013
.
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