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Title

Your First Name Your Last Name

Course Title

Instructor’s Name

Date Submitted

Margins should be one inch on all sides. To change your

margins, select File | Page Setup from the

Margins

tab on

the Word menu bar. (Header and Footer margins, on the

Layout

tab, should always remain at 0.5 inches.)

To center a line in Microsoft Word,

select Format | Paragraph from

the Microsoft Word

menu bar.

Then, on the

Indents and Spacing

tab, choose Centered from the

drop-down list next to the word

Alignment

.

To insert a header in

Microsoft Word, select

View | Header and

Footer from the Word

menu bar. Then, left

justify the line and type

“Running head” and a

shortened version of the

title of your paper in all

caps. Next, insert an

automatic page number

by choosing the Insert

Page Number button on

the Header and Footer

toolbar.

Be sure to select

“Different on First

Page.”

APA papers require a title page. In the top half of the

page, include all information shown below, centered

and double-spaced. Please note that Ashford University

APA guidelines require title pages to include the course

instructor’s name and date. This requirement is specific

to Ashford and is not included in the APA publication

guidelines as outlined in the APA Publication Manual

(6

th

edition).

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Title [Centered, Upper and Lowercase]

Use a point Times New Roman font throughout your paper. (This text is

12-point Times New Roman.) Double-space after the title and begin the text of your paper.

Indent the first line of text in each paragraph in the paper. More text here more text here

more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text

here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more

text here more text here. More text here more text here more text here.

More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more

text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here

more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text

here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more

text here more text here more text here more text here.

More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more

text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here

more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text

here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more

text here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here

more text here more text here. More text here. More text here more text here more text

here.

Whenever you include ideas that are not your own or are not common knowledge,

whether you quote or paraphrase, you must cite your source. More text here more text

here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more

text here more text here.

Your entire paper should be double-spaced. Use the

automatic double-spacing command (accessible

through Format | Paragraph from the Word menu

bar, under

Line Spacing

. (

Do not

press the

Enter

key twice at the end of each line.) The automatic

double-spacing will make it much easier to revise

your paper later!

Generally, citations should have the last name of the author

and the year of publication. Direct quotations should include

the page number as well.

Use a ragged right margin (left justified) rather than an

even right margin (full justified). To do this, place your

cursor in the paragraph and select Format | Paragraph

from Microsoft Word’s main menu, and in the

drop-down box beside

Alignment

, choose Left.

Align your text along the left margin by selecting

Format | Paragraph from the Word

menu bar. Then,

on the

Indents and Spacing

tab, choose Left from the

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When you want to insert a short quotation (fewer than 40 words), include it as

part of the current line. For instance, one of my favorite quotes by C. S. Lewis (1984) is

from his book Till We Have Faces. It goes, “Why should your heart not dance?” (p. 96).

After quoting, you need a citation. If you have already mentioned the author in your text,

then you need only the year of publication and the page number for a direct quote. If you

have not mentioned the author in text, then include the author’s last name in the citation.

For example, I also like this quote, “I do not think that all who choose wrong roads

perish; but their rescue consists in being put back on the right road” (Lewis, 1963, p. 6).

More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more

text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here

more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text

here more text here.

Now I want to discuss chocolate. Chocolate is one of my favorite topics. I have

this book called 10,000 Dreams Interpreted, and it talks about what it means if you

dream about chocolate:

To dream of chocolate, denotes you will provide abundantly for those who

are dependent on you. To see chocolate candy, indicates agreeable

companions and employments. If sour, illness or other disappointments

will follow. To drink chocolate, foretells you will prosper after a short

period of unfavorable reverses. (Miller, 1997, p. 143)

When you want to include a quotation of 40 words or more in length, then you indent the

entire quotation one-half inch, or five to seven spaces, in block/displayed quotation style.

Do not use quotation marks around a quotation displayed this way. Note that with other

This example shows block/displayed quotation style. Block quotes

should be double-spaced.

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citations you put the period after the citation, but with block/displayed quotations, you

place the period before the citation.

In my further studies of dreams and chocolate, I checked out a Web site to see if it

agreed with the Miller book. The site said, “To see chocolate in your dream signifies

self-reward. It also denotes that you may be indulging in too many excesses and need to

practice some restraint” (Dream Moods, 2003, p. C3). In this case, the only author listed

is the group author of the Web site, an organization called “Dream Moods.” The group

does not use page numbers on their site, so I wrote “C3” because I found the information

under page 3 of the “C” entries. More text here more text here more text here. More text

here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More

text here.

You should start a new paragraph whenever you begin to write about a new idea.

Paragraphs have no specific minimum or maximum length, but make sure to try to cover

each topic adequately without boring your reader or inserting irrelevant information. A

good general rule of thumb is to have no more than ten typewritten lines in a paragraph.

More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here more

text here. more text here more text here more text here. More text here more text here

more text here. More text here more text here more text here. More text here more text

here more text here.

Now, what if you want to use a quotation from the Ashford University Online

Library? For instance, this quotation is interesting: “Indiana teacher Richard Beamer

trusts his students with his life. Last fall Beamer fulfilled his longtime dream of flying

Remember, the purpose of citations and the

References page at the end of your paper is to

give the reader enough information to locate

the information in the source.

Additional APA Format Tips:

All terminal punctuation (e.g., period, question mark) is followed by two

spaces. One space is used in reference citations, initials, abbreviations, and

with commas, colons, and semicolons.

Do not hyphenate words at the end of a line.

Always have at least two lines of a paragraph at the top or bottom of a page.

(Select Format | Paragraph from the Word

menu bar. Then, on the

Line and

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west at treetop level

in a plane built by his fifth-grade students at Southward

Elementary School” (Arce, 2003, p. 38-39).

If you want to reference a work that has two authors, you list both authors in your

citation. For instance, I often use Mad Libs to teach basic grammar concepts to my

students. After all, sentences like “Who could really [VERB] that there were two

[PLURAL NOUN] in space?” (Price & Stern, 2001, p. 25) are much more fun than

diagramming sentences.

You should not always include direct quotations. In most cases, try to put the

author’s ideas in your own words (paraphrase). When you paraphrase, you still need a

citation. For instance, if I am thinking about attitudes towards education, I could tell you

that Bunt and Yang (2002) examine the Adult Attitude Toward Continuing Education

Scale (AACES) to determine its effectiveness. This parenthetical reference requires only

the year because I mentioned the authors in the text, I followed the mention directly with

what they said, and I listed the source on the References page. However, if I tell you that

the attitudes of college students are more easily influenced by peers than faculty norms

(Milem, 1998), then this reference requires the author’s name in a citation because I did

not mention the author in the text. Neither reference requires a page number because the

references are not direct (word-for-word) quotations.

I hope this sample paper is a useful aid in helping you prepare your Ashford

University student papers. Remember to check the Ashford Writing Center for more

detailed information about APA style. Also, please remember that your instructor has the

right to modify these guidelines for a specific class.

(6)

References

Arce, I. (2003). Flying high. NEA Today, 21 (4), 38-39.

Bunt, A., & Yang, B. (2002). Factor structure of the adult attitudes toward adult and

continuing education scale and its capacity to predict participation behavior:

Evidence for adoption of a revised scale. Adult Education Quarterly: A Journal of

Research and Theory, 52(4), 299-314.

Dream Moods. (2003, January 6). Dream dictionary. Retrieved January 14, 2003, from

http://www.dreammoods.com/dreamdictionary/c2.htm

Lewis, C. S. (1963). The great divorce. New York

1<

: Macmillan.

Lewis, C.S. (1984). Till we have faces. San Diego, CA: Harcourt.

Microsoft Word 2000 [Computer Software]. (1999). Redmond, WA: Microsoft

Corporation.

Milem, J. F., (1998). Attitude change in college students: Examining the effect of college

peer groups and faculty normative groups. The Journal of Higher Education,

69(2), 117-140.

Miller, G. H. (1997). 10,000 dreams interpreted or what’s in a dream. Chicago

,/

: Rand

McNally.

Price, R. & Stern, L. (2001). Mad libs: The original #1 mad libs. New York

1<

: Price

6WHUQ

Sloan.

Alphabetize your

references by

author. Abbreviate

first and middle

names.

If you have more than one entry with the same author AND published in

the same year, add a lowercase letter after the year both here and in your

in-text citations, for instance, (2001a) and (2001b).

Use a hanging indent. Select

Format | Paragraph

from the

Word menu bar and

Hanging

under

Special

.

Online library entry

should be cited the same

as a print article. If a

Digital Objective

Identifier (DOI) is

available, it should be

used in place of the URL.

References

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