Kenya - Measuring statelessness: A study of the Pemba

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Kenya - Measuring statelessness: A study of the Pemba - 2016

UNHCR, Norway Refugee Council Report generated on: May 3, 2021

Visit our data catalog at: https://microdata.unhcr.org/index.php

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Overview

Identiﬁcation

ID NUMBER

UNHCR-KEN-2016-Pemba-v2.1

Version

VERSION DESCRIPTION

v2.1: Edited, anonymous dataset for licensed distribution.

PRODUCTION DATE 2016-08-01

Overview

ABSTRACT

The survey of the Pemba was an attempt to reach all households in Kenya with links to Pemba in Tanzania. It was conducted in the two counties of Kiliﬁ and Kwale on the coast, north and south of Mombasa, respectively. According to information from village elders familiar with the Pemba community in Kenya, most of the Pemba population resides in these two counties.

While there are some Pemba residents in Lamu, the security situation prevented data collection there. Further, a few Pemba are believed to live in the city of Mombasa and elsewhere in the country. But due to lack of further information, no data were collected in Mombasa or elsewhere.

The objectives of the full survey, conducted in August 2016, were:

1. To establish the number and characteristics of the Pemba living in Kenya, including their arrival period in Kenya, nationality and their problems;

2. To make recommendations for the issuance of the documentation that is required for those who apply for citizenshiop by registration

KIND OF DATA

Census/enumeration data [cen]

UNITS OF ANALYSIS Households, individuals

Scope

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Livelihood & Social cohesion Other

KEYWORDS

Statelessness, Kenya, Identity documents, Nationality, Pemba of Kenya

Coverage

GEOGRAPHIC COVERAGE Kwale and Kiliﬁ counties, Kenya.

UNIVERSE

The total number of households with links to Pemba in Tanzania, in Kiliﬁ and Kwale counties.

Producers and Sponsors

PRIMARY INVESTIGATOR(S)

Name Aﬃliation

UNHCR

Norway Refugee Council

OTHER PRODUCER(S)

Name Aﬃliation Role

Kenya National Bureau of Statistics

FUNDING

Name Abbreviation Role

UNHCR

Metadata Production

METADATA PRODUCED BY

Name Abbreviation Aﬃliation Role

UNHCR

DATE OF METADATA PRODUCTION 2020-06-18

DDI DOCUMENT VERSION Version 1.0 (June, 2020)

DDI DOCUMENT ID

UNHCR-KEN-2016-Pemba-DDI-v1.0

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Sampling

Sampling Procedure

A household mapping exercise was conducted in Kiliﬁ and Kwale to identify Pemba households and to make it easier to locate them on the ground. The mapping was done from 4 to 12 August 2016 by a team from UNHCR Kenya oﬃce and KNBS.

The mapping in each village commenced with a visit to the chief's oﬃce, who put the team in touch with the village chair.

The team explained the purpose of its visit to the village chair and began the mapping exercise. The importance of involving the chiefs and village chairpersons is that they are well connected, recognised and trusted by residents in their

communities. The same procedure is followed by KNBS when they are mapping for sample surveys and censuses.

The team established physical boundaries of the area to be mapped, located the boundaries on the map and then identiﬁed and listed the Pemba households within the enumeration boundary. A Pemba household, in this context, is one identiﬁed by the informants as having at least one person with origins or links to Pemba. The links may include a person's spouse, parents or grandparents, who migrated to Kenya from Pemba or where a person has migrated from Pemba to Kenya.

The mapping team was followed by the village chair to the Pemba households, where the UNHCR and Haki Centre staﬀ listed number of persons in each, while the KNBS staﬀ marked the location of the household on the map. The entrances of

identiﬁed Pemba households were marked in chalk with the letters HCR and a number starting at 001 to make it easier to ﬁnd the houses during the enumeration. Since it seems to be generally well known where the Pemba live it was not considered stigmatising to mark their doors. During the feedback forums with the Pemba after the survey, there was no mention of stigmatization due to marking the door with chalk.

The maps were from the 2009 national housing and population census, purchased from KNBS. The team made lists with information about the location, number and size of each household. The mapping team visited 17 villages in Kilifi and Kwale (see Table 1 in Section 2.7). All villages visited were identified before the mapping exercise by key informants as locations being home to the Pemba of Kenya. The key informants were Pemba elders in different sub-counties previously identified for providing background information on the Pemba arrival and history in Kenya. In each sub-country, the chief, the assistant chief or the village chair also accompanied the team. In Kwale, 358 households were identified with 2,220 persons, and in Kilifi, 86 households with 558 persons.

Response Rate

The rate of non-response was low. Of the 452 households visited, visits to only 23 households can be categorised as non- response. A lot of eﬀort was made to revisit non-responding households, using interviewers living nearby. Out of the 23 non- responsive households, 12 were not at home or there was no adult at home. There were 2 interrupted interviews, 7 refusals and 2 with no links to Pemba. In one household the respondent was not mentally stable enough to be interviewed, according to the enumerator.

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Questionnaires

Overview

The questionnaire was developed before the pilot survey and revised during and after the pilot survey, based on the experience gained. The pilot survey was used to test the questions and to check for inconsistences and misinterpretations due to unclear concepts and deﬁnitions. The testing process also revealed some important themes that had been left out.

The structure of the questionnaire was altered, including the order of the questions and the introductory pages, to facilitate administration of the questionnaire.

Finally, the questionnaire was translated into Swahili. Both the English and Swahili versions were used in the survey, even though the English version was preferred by almost all interviewers. The two versions of the questionnaire are attached in Annex 4 and 5. Enumerators used the English questionnaire to frame the questions in the local and less academic version of Swahili.

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Data Collection

Data Collection Dates

Start End Cycle

2016-08-22 2016-08-27 N/A

Data Collection Mode

Face-to-face [f2f]

Data Collection Notes

Most of the enumerators had been recruited during the pilot study and the majority were retained. A few new enumerators were recruited for the main survey. Haki Centre, a non-governmental human rights organization based in Mombasa, played an important role in the recruitment. Some of the requirements were that the enumerators should be ﬂuent in English and Swahili, that they had completed secondary school education, and that they had an interest in the overall objectives of the survey. Preference was given to interviewers living in Pemba villages. The recruitment also considered gender and diversity.

Before the pilot study, the enumerators were given a basic training on statelessness and why it occurs in Kenya, including the background of the Pemba of Kenya. A two-day training session for enumerators was held in Mombasa before the main survey (see the program in Annex 9). The session began with an introduction of the instructors and the participants and a discussion of administrative and practical arrangements with respect to the interviewers and supervisors, such as working time, allowances and transport arrangements. During the training, a presentation of the scope and purpose of the survey was given. The roles of the interviewers and supervisors were discussed and a list of tasks for interviewers and supervisors were distributed.

Questionnaires

The questionnaire was developed before the pilot survey and revised during and after the pilot survey, based on the experience gained. The pilot survey was used to test the questions and to check for inconsistences and misinterpretations due to unclear concepts and deﬁnitions. The testing process also revealed some important themes that had been left out.

The structure of the questionnaire was altered, including the order of the questions and the introductory pages, to facilitate administration of the questionnaire.

Finally, the questionnaire was translated into Swahili. Both the English and Swahili versions were used in the survey, even though the English version was preferred by almost all interviewers. The two versions of the questionnaire are attached in Annex 4 and 5. Enumerators used the English questionnaire to frame the questions in the local and less academic version of Swahili.

Data Collectors

Name Abbreviation Aﬃliation

UNHCR

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Data Processing

Data Editing

The data were imported into a Statistics Analysis Software (SAS) file and validated. Several errors were identified during the validation process, both on how the data had been recorded by the interviewers in the field and how the data had been entered by the clerks.

There were particularly many errors in the entry of the variable “Relation to the household head” (Q.2). There were also many errors in the entry of the age of the household head, which was mostly due to errors in recording the right codes. A substantial amount of time was spent cleaning the data after the data had been entered, which included consulting many paper questionnaires. The quality of the survey data was signiﬁcantly improved after the data entry revision. The data were analysed using both SAS software and Excel spreadsheets.

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Data Appraisal

No content available

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File Description

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Variable List

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UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Content

Cases 2624

Variable(s) 62

Structure Type:

Keys: () Version

Producer Missing Data

Variables

ID NAME LABEL TYPE FORMAT QUESTION

V63 household Household Number contin numeric

V64 member_n Household member number discrete numeric

V65 age_member Household member's age discrete numeric

V66 cty County discrete numeric

V67 link Link to Pemba discrete numeric

V68 dur Duration of interview (minutes) contin numeric

V69 hhs Household Size discrete numeric

V70 lang Language of interview discrete numeric

V71 pers Number of persons in the inverview discrete numeric

V72 status Status of the interview discrete numeric

V73 rela Relation to household head discrete numeric

V74 sex Sex discrete numeric

V75 mar Marital status discrete numeric

V76 kmc Kenya marriage certiﬁcate discrete numeric

V77 tribe Tribe discrete numeric

V78 cit Citizenship discrete numeric

V79 citps Citizenship of previous spouse discrete numeric

V80 citfa Citizenship of father discrete numeric

V81 citma Citizenship of mother discrete numeric

V82 cbirth Country of birth discrete numeric

V83 mig Year of migration to Kenya discrete numeric

V84 migfa Year of migration to Kenya for father if father born abroad discrete numeric V85 migma Year of migration to Kenya for mother if mother born abroad discrete numeric

V86 reli Religion discrete numeric

V87 lang1 Main language discrete numeric

V88 lang2 Additional language discrete numeric

V89 educ Highest level of education attained discrete numeric

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V91 work Main economic activity discrete numeric

V92 bnot Birth notiﬁcation discrete numeric

V93 bcert Birth certiﬁcate discrete numeric

V94 hcard Health or clinic card discrete numeric

V95 kid Kenyan ID discrete numeric

V96 kenp Kenyan Passport discrete numeric

V97 opass Other passport discrete numeric

V98 opcode Other passport country code discrete numeric

V99 acard Alien card discrete numeric

V100 odoc Other document from embassies/consulate discrete numeric

V101 odocd Country code of other documents discrete numeric

V102 visit Visits to country of birth or country of origin of spouse or parents discrete numeric V103 diff_1 Difficulties as a result of lack of ID documents: EDUCATION discrete numeric V104 diff_2 Difficulties as a result of lack of ID documents: HEALTH SERVICES discrete numeric V105 diff_3 Difficulties as a result of lack of ID documents: OWNING LAND discrete numeric V106 diff_4 Difficulties as a result of lack of ID documents: BUYING PROPERTY discrete numeric V107 diff_5 Difficulties as a result of lack of ID documents: MARRYING discrete numeric V108 diff_6 Difficulties as a result of lack of ID documents: TRAVELING discrete numeric V109 diff_7 Difficulties as a result of lack of ID documents: EMPLOYMENT discrete numeric V110 diff_8 Difficulties as a result of lack of ID documents: BUSINESS discrete numeric V111 diff_9 Difficulties as a result of lack of ID documents: PRACTICING

RELIGION discrete numeric

V112 diﬀ_10 Diﬃculties as a result of lack of ID documents: PARTICIP. IN LOCAL

LEADERSHIP discrete numeric

V113 diﬀ_11 Diﬃculties as a result of lack of ID documents: ACCESS TO BANK

SERVICES discrete numeric

V114 diﬀ_12 Diﬃculties as a result of lack of ID documents: JOINING

ORGANIZATIONS discrete numeric

V115 diﬀ_13 Diﬃculties as a result of lack of ID documents: VOTING IN ELECTIONS

discrete numeric

V116 diﬀ_14 Diﬃculties as a result of lack of ID documents: STANDING FOR

ELECTIONS discrete numeric

V117 diﬀ_15 Diﬃculties as a result of lack of ID documents: HARASSMENT BY

POLICE/OTH AUTHO discrete numeric

V118 diﬀ_16 Diﬃculties as a result of lack of ID documents: GETTING RELIEF AND OTH SUPPLIE

discrete numeric

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Household Number (household)

File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Overview Type: Continuous Format: numeric Width: 9 Decimals: 0 Range: 1-428

Valid cases: 2624 Invalid: 0

Minimum: 1 Maximum: 428 Mean: 214.5

Standard deviation: 122.7

Household member number (member_n) File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Overview Type: Discrete Format: numeric Width: 9 Decimals: 0 Range: 1-15

Household member's age (age_member) File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

County (cty)

File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Link to Pemba (link)

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Duration of interview (minutes) (dur)

File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Overview Type: Continuous Format: numeric Width: 10 Decimals: 0 Range: 3-75

Minimum: 3 Maximum: 75 Mean: 24.3

Standard deviation: 10.9

Household Size (hhs)

File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Language of interview (lang)

File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Number of persons in the inverview (pers) File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Status of the interview (status)

File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

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Relation to household head (rela)

File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Sex (sex)

File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Marital status (mar)

File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Kenya marriage certiﬁcate (kmc)

File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Tribe (tribe)

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Citizenship (cit)

File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Citizenship of previous spouse (citps)

File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Citizenship of father (citfa)

File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Citizenship of mother (citma)

File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Country of birth (cbirth)

File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

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Year of migration to Kenya (mig)

File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Year of migration to Kenya for father if father born abroad (migfa) File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Year of migration to Kenya for mother if mother born abroad (migma) File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Religion (reli)

File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Main language (lang1)

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Additional language (lang2)

File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Highest level of education attained (educ) File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Kenya Certiﬁcate of Primary Education (kcpe) File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Main economic activity (work)

File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Birth notiﬁcation (bnot)

File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

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Birth certiﬁcate (bcert)

File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Health or clinic card (hcard)

File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Kenyan ID (kid)

File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Kenyan Passport (kenp)

File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Other passport (opass)

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Other passport country code (opcode)

File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Alien card (acard)

File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Country code of other documents (odocd) File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Visits to country of birth or country of origin of spouse or parents (visit)

File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

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Diﬃculties as a result of lack of ID documents: EDUCATION (diﬀ_1) File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Diﬃculties as a result of lack of ID documents: HEALTH SERVICES (diﬀ_2)

File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Diﬃculties as a result of lack of ID documents: OWNING LAND (diﬀ_3) File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Diﬃculties as a result of lack of ID documents: BUYING PROPERTY (diﬀ_4)

File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

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Diﬃculties as a result of lack of ID documents: TRAVELING (diﬀ_6) File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Diﬃculties as a result of lack of ID documents: EMPLOYMENT (diﬀ_7) File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Diﬃculties as a result of lack of ID documents: BUSINESS (diﬀ_8) File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Diﬃculties as a result of lack of ID documents: PRACTICING RELIGION (diﬀ_9)

File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Diﬃculties as a result of lack of ID documents: PARTICIP. IN LOCAL LEADERSHIP (diﬀ_10)

File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

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Diﬃculties as a result of lack of ID documents: ACCESS TO BANK SERVICES (diﬀ_11)

File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Diﬃculties as a result of lack of ID documents: JOINING ORGANIZATIONS (diﬀ_12)

File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Diﬃculties as a result of lack of ID documents: VOTING IN ELECTIONS (diﬀ_13)

File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Diﬃculties as a result of lack of ID documents: STANDING FOR ELECTIONS (diﬀ_14)

File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Overview Type: Discrete Format: numeric Width: 12

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Type: Discrete Format: numeric Width: 12 Decimals: 0 Range: 1-1

Diﬃculties as a result of lack of ID documents: GETTING RELIEF AND OTH SUPPLIE (diﬀ_16)

File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Diﬃculties as a result of lack of ID documents: OTHER (diﬀ_17) File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Diﬃculties as a result of lack of ID documents: NO DIFFICULTIES (diﬀ_18)

File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Diﬃculties as a result of lack of ID documents: NO ANSWER (diﬀ_19) File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

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Diﬃculties as a result of lack of ID documents: NOT APPLICABLE (diﬀ_88)

File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Diﬃculties as a result of lack of ID documents: DON'T KNOW (diﬀ_99) File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

Problems with neigh-bours due to origin of household members (probn)

File: UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Anonymized

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Documentation

Questionnaires

UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_codebook

Title UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_codebook

Filename Codebook for Districts, Tribes and Country Codes.pdf

UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_questionnaire

Title UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_questionnaire Filename UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_Questionnaire.docx

Other materials

UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_DDI

Title UNHCR_KEN_2016_Pemba_DDI Filename ddi-documentation-english-236.pdf