• No results found

The Effect of a Consumption Tax on the Rate of Interest

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "The Effect of a Consumption Tax on the Rate of Interest"

Copied!
33
0
0

Loading.... (view fulltext now)

Full text

(1)

UOPCC ! JACIJ 10 iJJC 20fl1.CG

bbp urn? pc dnoq iiqipoiu cxbjicu bGuu!22!ou bLoMqcq tpai njj cwq !ucrn1!IJ ©

© pX 914U hcJq2iflJ• VII LU2 LC2C1AC44 2P0'4 2CCOU2 OICXI U01 OGXCCCq MO flJJOL vuq U01 JJO2C Oj JJG 14OU9J BIftCJ1 O ECOIJOUJ!C KCLCIJ

b9'LI 0j, I.IBEL2 LC1.Cp OL9UJ !U bIlPI!C COUOW!C2 VUA ob!u!ou2 xbLC22q LCJO2C

O W

KI.CP I UJ 121Cf1J 10 EO ['IIWJJCL OL LC2GCJJ 22!2UCC uq qacft22Ou2 JJJ!2 bbcL !2 bLO1C22OL O ECOUOUJ!C2 HffUmq flUAGL2A uq Lqcu O LJJC 41OIWJ ran o ECOUOUJ!C

DCCWPCL JÔÔ

cup.!q wv onx

1OO 422CPfl2CU2 VACUJIC

MVJJ[O14V BflKEVfl Oh ECO14OIC BE2EVIcCH

fJOLjUU bL

NL1U ECJU

IVX 014 IHE KV.LE Oh IMLEIE21

IHE EEEEGL Oh V COM2fINhJJO14 WBEI 1IOIK114O bVbEK 2EI1E2

(2)

uJpI4qe iv oii

1O?O 22CJJfl2U2 ACUflC

wvloIJ! Bm.cn o ECOUOUJIC Jc2cIcp

qu cjqtciu

L912G LG2 qiii 10 JOMCL WCUJ

qic nrnX2!2 2flC22 JJ91 qic 2IJflJ L0W U pcowc WX i0 C0U2flWbl0IJ wx UJOLC jcjX io cuqocijon 2V4IJ JJ0fl2!U uq C0Lb0LC cb!wj 12 bLc2cIucq jiqi bJn2ipJc bmiuJc1cL 19f1C2 ?qcJq2 uq qJc Lcabou2c 01, qic oMucL-occnbcq PO2!U ccoL 1,OULJ9J Wo-2ccoL woqcj qi bcL2ouJ uiii Lc2bou2ca qic uujrac01,qiC

cbrwj

wqcci cdn!J!pL!nw pc#iccu qcpi iiq '!

JJ !ACJCL qic bi.qx wic o !IucLc2 42C2 01. 1,9jJ2 qcbcuq2 ou qJc 2U.GIJJ 01, jG

bci.ouj

uq cothouflc ucouic wxc Monjq cc cdn!J!pqnw bLCWX U1CL2 LC2 JJJCvIrnJ?2!2 b1bcL u9J?c2 qc !X2 rn iipcp 2flP2PWWJ cou2nwblou gvx 1,01. ipc c1!z!IJ

VBLKVCL

IVX OM IHE IYLE Oh LEffE2L

IHE EEEEGL Oh V COM2flNbJJOM

DCCCWPCL Jà?

(3)

iX!tJ\I5OJà

G2GLCp 1 "--' LUGIII1 ° E° FUWGL 1OL LG2GLCJJ 2!21JCG lIIJq qicn22iou

sbL0I0L O EC010W!C2 LAJLq flU1ACL2JA 1flJ Lc2JqcIu OIJIJC J,Wf!"t RflLGfJ O1, EC01J0W!C

coLboL9 !UC0WG 1IX Mp!Cp !2 CLi!C9I jocn OUPG cnu.Gu bibGL

oicrbi uq

qcwiuq OL cbiWI J,1GJUjGL HI1 IJOL9LqOLq GJ2MIflJ IJC CjJCC OGI!IJJiUJJU jJG

&qwq ()

uoc

tp ijq oi cou2rrwbLiou x qcbcuq ou pc LGI1!1c G

CIG2 opG 2nbbA

MonqP °'1'U E!111!U!11 IPG !ULG !UC0WG IX onq flJGLGOLGLGflCG jJG bicix !ULC LG

cou2nwbpou11X HGU01G2 IJ !'J ¶IIJ GCOIJOWX O1. J!q iuqiAIqrnq2 pc JC O1JXJUtGLG2I2C

(J) biciit

tuG Oui? 1OLIJJI

UI4!C woqj

OUIJGGTJCCt Oh IPG!UtGLG UUC O2JJ!tj!U

o

iJ2O coucjnqa 'i' PRJ fo cou2nwbioIJ tAbG tx monq pc JcqX o LGqrICC i

LG HI1

GX!2liiJ fl 9X 2?\2CW MGLC Lcbj1ccq pA counwbhoiJ x oi,jp Abc tpit tpcA qiocc joqcL (j)

H9U q I'P'1't' (ioo)

tP't l0tLW !UtCLGt L{G2 iionjq qccwc pA obGLCGIU!UPG

pow u jucoujG to c cou2nwbt!ou tIX 12 WOLC jijcjAOL&12C LffC2 fJJCU fO JOMGL tpcur

occnbiq pon2iu ctoi. jjip bJIn2Jpjc biumctuc AflG2 pc iujA2 2flG2f2 flJ9 tpc ep

cibiwj wn.yq Gdnul!punuj Lc11!ou GtMGGU qcpt ruq dniA AJcJq2 iuq rpc Lbou2G O1 JG

OMUGL-!UtGLG2t L12C2 OL J1Jj2 qGbGUq2 ou tp 2tLCUtP o pc bcL2out uiu Lc2bou2ce tpG UWLG oj

rncowc XG2 wsA i.j2G bLx IUfGLC2f L1fC JJJG 1U1IA2! LuqictC2 fJJ1t /?4JCJGL tpc bi.ctx LtG

obbo2itc ujsA MGJJ p tLnc: 2nptitntJu i cou2rlmbtiou &X JOL tJJG GX12tJU bcL2ouit fUq COLbOLJtG

UCOf1LC qqwouj 2AiU jiq tO jOMGL bLGtx IUtcLc2t LUG2J IU tp bbGL I 2JJOM tJJft IjJC

2pi1.pu to i cou2nwbtiou-rAbG trx monjq GCJf12G 2flC i irx onq GxGujb !UfGLG2 IUCOUJG uq JIJCOIJJG2 DC2bJtC IIJC GUGLIJ puc o oLwq uIA2c2 owc GCOUOUJ!2f 2

coucjnqq tJ1t

I!ttJG &UGUtIOU to tJJG GTJCCt Oi 2flCp tJx cpuc ou bi.tnc JUIGLG2I UIfG2 nJq OtPGL bLcwx IJCtOL LbJCC tPG Gxi2tiu bL2ouq ruq COLbOL1tG !UC0WG IJX2 MIIJJ f COU2flWbfiOU ffX fGLC J2 pGCu

jqJOflp IPGLG 2flP2tUU1 bLoJc22iorncJ auq bnpjic iutLG2t iu LGCGUf bLobo2J2 to V'ILt!U Gjq2tGLU

(4)

bmuno3

i1T

bu3ib

gnid

won

xi1

noi1qmuno3

lo

qi

1niThb

iv

owT ni ffl03fIi

1nm1vni

bu13ni 01 3unhinoz

Jid

niv

Jn

!1i iol noiJ3ubb

i

1im13q

xi

fflO3fl1 iud

nivi

-iol noil3Jibb on

rf

xr1

q1-noi1qmuno

vi1En13iII

dT

aid

xBl 21Eubivibni

fIi

1iup

1EBu1qno3

d

01 mqqB

3rIJ

r1uortflA

E.&i

xal

f1

moii

moani

Jnmivni

bu13x3

'r11

i&fl r11 ni ino1fiviup

'I13fx

-n

Ii

b1Iqmo

i

irIq

noi1inii1

no

nif1ib

'd

I

noi1

ni

anigd

iqiq

idT

.

kubivibni

fI3

io1 1niE11no 1gbud mi11i1

mi

ri1

nflb

lo

1311ni to

1ii

di

no

1it3

d1

x

IJ3n1 ol

b3o1q

n!1

bni

nhwiup

ifI1

ni1ii1nomb

!1

moil

moxii

1nrn1vni

bubx

ir1i xsl oi

mi'

xiJ

moni

nu1ix3

rIi

rnoil gnuitifi

.1ii

nivi

uongobn

ni

filiw

'mono3

mniwo

01

i1ini

r1i

bn31x3

noi13

.d

xi1

idb

nw1d

noi1E11

fli

1o

!bom

vi1n111E flE b noi1&i1qmi

rIi

nimJ3x3

rioi1

blifli r1T irLJgo1

niid

nr11

noiJ3

rlflfl

i1T

.noiiiflni bo

Ioi

ri1

3ubo11ni 4

noi1

.abbi'

'1iup

bnl$

'mono

gniwoig

i

ni 1IJ131n1 xEJ 3f!1

nign&k

bo 1331b ofil

uib

01

2'1ins

31E1Eq3

r!1

io1-ow1

£ 01

i1EnJ

di

bnix

ô

noiJ

.1in1ni

11iq&

uongobn

brn3 noi1fftni rliiw ;nnu14

mi2

bnE i3inrnoU

q

iosn2

d

bJ3m

rid

i3r1

q'i

id11o

1oqoq

A

b3muno

To

rrno

1niThb

1&Lirno

L1ii

iih1

ciA .(QQI

1o14

xiT)

rri1a

xT

A2U

r13ubo

ibi

c1T .(ô8Q1) bicthgifl cii bni (VV1)

iuaiT

.2.U cii

bIJ3ib

i

x1

moni

bbbI$ u1f3v

iuq

A

.(Q!)

lobIB)I 01

ia1

1

bicJ

1imorio

norn

xi1

rcioni

b3muno3

.niv

1n

nibuIxbo

13Th cI1 vBfI oh3 bhiow xi1

Ii

Inoi1&i

io

x1

noi11Io

r1i

no

bsd

x1

i3

rbu

boqrnq

1ini

iH

miA

bmrbi5l

nmino

Tb noibEil

bxib

£

111o3

xzl

'miA

dT

.(QQI) iAc1ucJzM bru IIBH cii

bdi1)2b

minEr13m 10 nibIoflr11iw r1uo1fI1 If3nbivibcii mouI lnuocnl3

1di1ubb

i

vodi

i1J31f

bnE

sw

.i) rnui1

'J

biiq

noi1nqrno

iwnon

Ikbo

noil3ffil grIT

.a1nrn'sq

131ib

1nupdu

.crnhb

fb

mouI

'I1iib

b131Io

i

(.3b noi1Bciqfno3

bnTbb

1flci,d

niit

1nuofn

lo

nivsib

rL1

nix1

bio'

lErli

x1

3fciO3cii

bmucio3

rI1 cii a1ui

noiiincnT

ufl

moul mIicni owl r11 Ai3rn

bkio

x131

rnoni

nu1ix

rI1

ibnu

b3i13Iurnu3

bbukx

bxiflnu

1nhwiup

vi3fi dioci i&li

rnu

ri1iwiup

nui-noI

dT

1m1 .Tbi1

!Eubivibni

r11

niiub

brinrbcw

riifcin

m1\

rbi,

cii iI31

x1

rli

113th bn13 1nuon1E

(5)

1fi1ocpo3

i

1fw

1o13

ni2uor1 biqu33o-1nwo

nJ

abubni

iidi

'mof1o3

cii

lo

1bom

irli

lo

noi1f3xi1E1n

r1i

no

1nfnrno3

1ir1i

rro!J3

gnibul3no3

1iid

i

ir1T

.1o13

niud

bnE

iwoiiod

3iJmob

lo

qi

in3-iThb bnB 2woft II31iq& 1frIoifl3n1ini

sinozi

oi

ia'Ifnf3

boi2

liliqiD

b9xiI

t

rhiw

xtT

noliqmunoD

t

lo

b9113 nIT .1 13)

xB1

noiiqmuno3

lo

qi

owi

di

lo

3n1J3viup

di

f1iId1$ia lwiil

noil

ir1T

1nfrIivni

in

bu13x

1&Ii x131 mo3ni lod13I

bni

niv

in

biibx

iirti xi1 3mo3ni bmimno3

th

moil gni

iiw

lo

1fn

ioioini

lo

bvl

r1i

io

i11

r11 wor! oi

b3o1q

nr11 bnB (rno3ni

t3oi2

h31iqs

bxfl

i

riiiw

'mono3

n

ni

moni

iodi[ no xi1

i

ol x131 3ff!03f11

lo

m31\(

if13THJ3 flu

niv

in

13ubb

IEubivibni rLi fkidw

ibriu

x131

mo3ni

bmiJno3

i

thiw 111$1 I

f!i

113111w ni I3bom

313

31i1 31qmi

i

flu

*iow

x131

i

rbu2 won 13btnoD

.f3d

x131

nfi

nui131u3hia

dT

.boi-13q

bno3

3111 flu

1ii31

bnf3

bohq

lwiil 3111 nil inuoinl3 b3xil

i

*iow

l13ubivibni 113111113 biEq x131 3nlT .2

vi

ol 3oon13 bnI3 boil3q

iii1

n11 flu

w

3mo3ni

giw

ni

IEubivibni 311i 13

rni

gniv

i1T

.(2-W) (i-I)

=

I)

31o1i3th

i

noitqmuno3 bon3q

iii1

bnl$

(2-W)

u

3cnui

bvib

3rh no xi3i

q

11$ubivibni r1i boil3q

bno3

rI

ru .2(51+1) w woig iol3i3n1i briE Silo

niuii

lo

i

noiiqmuno3 boil3q bno332 .(251) 3rno3ni in3mJ3vni 3f11 no

E

113w 1$ (2) 3Lqi3nhq IEnigrlo

tbujd

3mi1i1 3111

3-

W (i-I) = 2(i-I)iEfU3iiqmi (2-W)(i-1)=

ni2

.2(51+1) (1-1)

)

5101313111

i

xiit

rnoni

b3muno3 13 nlliw nuiE11no3

r

W(t— 1)1(51 + 1) =

3

(1) riO .boil3q noi1insit 3111 gnuiub ln3IEviup3 3d ion

m

io

irri

xii

lo

aqi

owl 3r1T .(QQ!) blolbElfi

oa

.yIIin3ni3g

iorn

i33113 briE

Iui

noi1in131io

3u2i

3r11 IOl\àffiixiT

(6)

iii md

iq

nivi

lo

In3rrth1J

1Liq

on

i

313n11 nl3irlw ni

m31v

XLI S won 13binIoI) WI 3101313111

i

xsl

boiiq

12111 3nIT .b9xLInIu 3113 2gnivs rio

bni3

2bn3bivib bnis J3131ni 3th nfoidw boil3q

bno3

3(11

nivs

lisnil 01 3(11 riO xisi on

i

313th

xii2

. D-W(I-1) 31S anivis2 r1I briB

d

nvi

niss

21 nloilqmuano3 .[1D—W(i-- )J($I+ 1) =

()

.xsI

thod

bnu

nnisa 3111 2i JniElt2no3

Ibud

3m1131i1 2 Isubivibni

rbis

Isnil f12i1dLt 2irIT bns

moni

xEI3lq 3111

ni2

.noilqmul2nio3 1o nllisq 31S2 3111

oorb

31of13n1I 111w lsuhivibni 3nIT 33n315v1up3 3(11

iol

noiliijini 3rIT

.mis

3111 o215 2!

xsI

311110 3u11w 3r11

rns

3f11

rn

noilqmu2no3 xsl 10 Irl3m3noqi2oq 13 'Jno '1iB5i 21 xisI

mo3ni

b3mu2no3 3111 ni noil3ub9b

2riivs

3f11 :1E313 2i Inl3m3noql2oq 3111 1o 3gslnlsvbis 3(11 bnw 31110311! In3rn3liI3l lii bbukrni 3d

tum

nivisib

3(11 3311i2

.nivs

3111 rio 123131111 3111 nixisI

d

(31131 rtoi2uI3x3

iiinii

3111 01 3vi113131) 132110

i

no xsl 3111 3lSnimiI3 01 ai thsoqoiq xisI noilqmu2no3 1n13Tlu3 3n11

us

to

uIs1

nornmo

A 2nloiIlrioqlo3 3111 moil b013311o3 xsl 3f11 lud x131

sq

ot 3IJrliIno3 bluow 2nloiIBloq-Ioi) .2ffiolq 3IElocpo3 3uIlsv

3q1

noiiqrnu2no3

s

10 r1oi113n3qrno3 icdsl rks3non

emiiI

3n11 riO xsl s

ithi3

3rno33d bluow 3(11 , noiIqmuEno3 no xsl

2Is

is 01 In3Iisviup3 2! TAV 3q\I noilqmu2rlo3 £

ni2

o.xisl b3bbis 10 31131 3(11 21

v

311w 1) (v+1) -w = 2

d

fl3V1 21 TAV is 113132 l3bnu nIiVS2 boil3q 12111 Isilinii no xisl is

i

a3irusqmo3

d

bisq xsl LAr{2ud551-IIBH 3r11 3IofIIool ni

b1on

2A

.noilis2nl3qmo3 iodsl ni .3aSd TAV r1I fii b3buI3ni 21 nloilqmu2no3 his Iisth

nimuis

'd

23iliIqmia 2ir1T

noiIqmuno

10

23qI

rliISt133 3bu13x3 23X131 b3bbis 3131Ev (111w a3illnuo3 I2orn 33i1351q ni3I2bI&I 332 .231131 l3woI Is m3fII xisl io (ni2uor1 boo1 10 23q\I 3fflO2 ,noils3ub3 31133 11331b3m .'fnOno33

nqo

nis 111 21(1110 ntoiIs3iIqmi 311110 noi22uD2ib 13 io1 (OQQI) niismui)i bns (lOI\ô1rrixiT

(7)

io1ir11

3113

noiqmuno3

boil3q

brto3

rio

nibn3q

idi

3IdBIiiwJ3 bf!u1

dT

.xisl b3bb13 3u113v

bno3

fBui

v

B1

113 XBI b3bbB 3uli3v ol

du

oIf$

i

noitqrnwno3 113r11 33f11 liiEJ .2(51+1) 3nibiviG .{,i) (v+1)

-w

1(51+1) = i)(v+1) io 2(51+1) 1)(v+1)

ikifl

(I))

noi1qmurIo3 boil3q

i1qmi

(v+1)

d

bi

rliod .[1D-

W(v-

J)}(51+ I) =

()

noiiup3

1niB11no3

1bud

3mi1uf ii

mi

3d1 inu13b ir1i (i-I) = '(v+1) 1rJi

o

v rfflW 23ob x131 noilqmu2no3 1Bno13q 1331ib

r1i

oi xBl b3bb13 3u113v B

nibbs

I!B13n

3loM

.()

brrn (1) .1niB11no3

ibud

3mii1i1 3iftlo rriio1 3r11 131113 Ion won 11133

3

3XEI noi1qfrIunoo

lo

q1

UOi113V 3r11 io 33n3113viup3 3r11

b3di1dBi

nIV13H 3r11 13111$ bluow XB1 3fflO3fii 3lBloqlo3 hnn Inrlo2l3q

cIiIix3

3r11 molt gniftimI won 13bin1o3 b3xif 13

ftimU13

d

i1i1qmi

noii

idT

.mvs

01

muii

Jin 3111 bn13

ii1ni

lo

31131 muiiidiIiIJp3 A3o1 11311q133 b3xit 3rIT .8nOiiBflfli Tb 31131

oi

B bni 1oJ33 311310q103 3111 fit

bo1qm3

bo1

lI3iiql33 I3IJbolq lBnigusm xBl3lq b3xit

i

rn

13wo11od 311310q103 3111 iin11 ilqmni

mono

io1

nio

ith

ni '1iup3 3nlT

.ito

31131 I3131nli

n

iq

miii 3111 nl3inlw rio ld3b

i

11311q133 b d 1101131311 A Q• 'Tb 1131iq1331O 1T1111 3111 T

i

31131 XB1 31B1Oq1O3 3f!1 TbI .IBIiqB3 \Iiup to milob

iq

3Tbo 11111131 B 3V13331

ioivnii

:'d

f13Vi

i

lfIIE112f103 13bud

niotnq

ol \1qqB wont 113111 31u1 x13I 1Bi33q 3111 n1i10nI8t

d

3iIi1qmi

o113 2i1BftB 3rlT 8 1311

lo

3113n1 13IE1 fI3IJfrt £ ioTb briE 13BqXB1 \nEm io1 .21111103313 1113111311151 IllUbiVibfIi bn13 I .2f10i13132f11311 fEfli1EmS11fIi 311$ 323f11 113111

Is1

3111

d

b3fliI2u 3(1 11133 2irli 3mo3r1i 1113m123v111 -l3nwo no biEq

I131ni

3111 01 1qqE IznIi 231111 xisl 113133q2 3111 22u321b 01 ô 11011332 nil 11111131 .231$t1om auon1 b3iqu33o nibn31 1113 bnB 23223fli2ud 31J310q1o3

d

snob

i

niiwoiiod

us

113111 23111112213 2i2I13f1B 2idT .abIorI32Jiorl

d

3nob

i

in3mI23vni \iiup3 oildthoq bilE IO1\ajrnx&F

(8)

.(d—I) + id(T—I) '1(T—I) (Is) rI1 Iir1w alfloiq

Idxi1

ni11uI&

fli

1dilubb

m

1rncnq

lio1ni

rIi

1id1 1MI

di

ifli

irIT or100 21oi3vni

'1iiip

ol rniiloi

i

niuii

in

Iiubivibni

id1

O

1rn xBl 1iniu3rn 13d li3ubivibcli

vili1n

iqi

r1itI

+ id](O—1) =

()

lo

rwiIiq

r1l

no

bnqb

niui Jiup rI1 bru3 iri ii1ni f!1

riwld

noi1J311 c1T bni

idb

ui

1irIi

rmfl

Io

3n1biq

3r{1 no bni3

iiup

bnl3 ld3b blorl oriw

iolavni

oiloIlioq 1.Amm 8nulIu21 r1J b013

r{1lo

bborn 1i3iIqx

ni

qobvb

n&Il fhI351

.Itniqi

liup 'Jiup bnI3

idb

nwtd

noiibi

rh

iiiI

r1t

nI nilcrniI owl

1bino3

I

muiidi1iup

bru

idb

iol

bnBmb vi1EI-i rI1

i3ft

nI .b1or1uorI1o

n31ib1q

f{1 no

bIo

briqb

b1i

niu1i

xi-1o-n

bIoHuoi1

r11

nwicI

4 .rnuim1q

iiiip

bxit

13 113 3iJaB1

Iiirii1ni

U3

liup

:1i1riio

1131 xB1-Io-ln nibnoqiio rI1 brin

iiup

no + j(Q- I) = (O— F) (i)

ii1rii

lo

iE1

r{l

bnE

b!i

'1iup

fIl

riw1d

qi

f1l

113r11

i

noiiqfnuI$

milx

vil13mlI13

HT

iiup3 bru3 icl3b

lo

iIqqu

.ri1s1i

r1i

id1

nil

.rrnfl

lo

3n111q

n1l

d

I&o

brIifcn3ib

i

i&Ii

li

ioiulii

mi3

sf11 113 b3xsl

i

I6hiqt

lo

l3ubolq IEnimrn

ril

Isril

8nimuA°'

x131 iol bwoI!E

i

noi1E31qb 3irnorio3 isfLl

muI3

Iii3iIqmi

arioi1ubb

1n3tni

01 iIqq13

.

noii21o

iI&iz

IE1n3

iom

dh1o

hEq 213

bxEkn

21 noilqfnu2aE ainiT

.oqiuq

.I

noii3

ni

b1bi2no3

21 2ifIT

.2nif

I131iq131o ln3mu11l x131 li3ixq2

nIl

210fIgi 2inIT" F (> I\à!ruytT

(9)

brrn '1iup3

Io

io3

xit-1o-in

rrni1

rI

nw1d,

jrtuirriiq

iup

b3xfl

t

1i

3iiEI

binflni

m

:II31iq

cbb

.iIj + i(T—1) = 3 (do) rilod ii-li

ii1

3di ni

oIs

lud rrnv3b1 ai Ji3f{ xJ3i

fi

ni

Ino

on

13Thb

d

bnJ3 &O noi13up3

i1i

o14

c1i

o

1no

i1qqi

noii3ub3b xBi

ioqio

3f! 1ir1w a1oi3vni oil6thoq ol

bxi

m

tdb

bus

iiip

.atrI3rn\sq 1e31tni 3nim113b 3r131131q b1orbuoii isdi

nir

U?E'1o

noiisiIqmi

di

a3nirnsx3

noi1a

ir1T

nicnusIo

noiJs3iIqmi

dt

nimsx3

01 rnui31

noita

3IirIw (so

noiisup)

muiniiq

iiup3

3d1 .(dO

noiisup)

3n31I31q

is1oqIo

no

bnq3b

b13h

idb

bus 1iup3

viiIi

3r11 Isril

:bIh

I bus 0 ol

i3q1

rliiw gniisi1n13Thb bus (sO) bus

()

nifIidrrto

.Ob

(0-

1)

(d-

I) + Tb

i

d-

ib [(d- I) + d(T-

I)]

= (V) 3101913fIT id — '1 lb (8) dT — I Tb bus

-

I) 4' (d

-

1) = lb (Q)

-

I Ob xsi 3islocpo3 3rIi

lo

noii3ub3l s isrli

o

0>

(Tb\ib) isrit 2wo1!ol ii 0 < d

r

- I bus 0 < i ci - '1

rii

V QJOf\àinixT

(10)

i

flrJi oa

0>

0 b\ ib

Iqmi

I > 0 bni3 I > d

vjmIirni

.ii

o

1ii

intrii

xf3i1q r1i 1B1 ftir1

di

ni

.1B1

1i1ni

xi3biq 3r11 02113 3rnor1i

rnrn1vni

no x131 I&Io21q

rli1o

noiiubi

1nri1vni

no xi1 li$no21q 3111 bnB

(i

— Tb) xist 311310q103 rf1 1BnirnuI3 bluow xisl noilqrrlu2c1o3 13 ol .( d -I) \ [0(0—l) 4) (cl—I) +

'

(Id - '1)] = lb

d

ii1ni

lo

1is

3111

ii

bluow

ii

(O — = Ob)

rrioni

flsrli

1ifl

3lon

1-i3tni

lo

1isi 3111

2lfi

xisl noiiqrnli2r!o3 is 01 flirI2 2irli 'rIw bn13i2bnu oT

ni2

.I1iib

(id - 1)

1ioiq

11s1oq1o3 no xisl 3111

aubi

xis) 3lisloqlo3 3111 ni1isnirnib 10

niubi

311111 lufi

.i

no T ni

n&{

is to

iT1

1331ib on

i

313111

Idii3ub3b

'1ltif 3Th a)n3misq 123131111 no nW131 311 31 idw

riup3

Ito

rnuti

3111 Is1Dni oJ b3woIIB

w

aJitolq 3iBloqlo3 no xis) b33ub31 al 3mo3liJo 113u1313 r1T .131Bi1qo1qqisni n3biw bluow

muimiq

iiup3

3d)

briisrbnu

b3r1i13rni ld3b ni .rnuifn3lq \)iup3 1isniiio 3111 2niBlniBrrI 113111 visw is ru i bnis rilod ru 3213313111 ff3 3101313111 snuim3lq 1iup3 )3n 3111 2n3biw 3rnoDrli 1n3rri13vni no xis IBno2l3q 9111 to noilisnirnhf9

d1

noilibbis .muim3iq V1iUp3 13r1 3ffi132 3111 nustnrnm 0)

)aiJni

lo

1isi 3111 111

1i

r1rnJ1

i

fli1iUp9u bi2r1oI)

.mI

1iup

i

bbom b3flhlqmi2 2irIi ru 1su

1i1ni

3111 ru

iii

9d110 3bu11riisrr1 911T no 3)131 xis) 11311o213q 13 =

lo

3)131 Xis) 911310q103 B :231J113v l3I3ffIfslfsq 3112111331 niwo11o1 3111

lo

oi)isi 1131113301 )d3b B

0[.0

=

"lb

Iisliqls3bo l3ubolq 1isniiism is 0F.0 = Obo 9mo3rui In3rnl29vni lisfil

Iqmi

isa brurs 2noi)fsup3 noi)qrr1LJ22B 929r11 riliW A0.0 = lb 91111

t13)rti

1131)1111 nis bnis 4.0 =

d

ol

t0.0

moib Ii fI12E313fIf 3)E1 123131111 3111 23lduob h1s3n (0 = 0 =

)

xis) noilqrnuano3 is oi nifiir12 Q'0 .0 Ja noilBup3 (I = d riliw

.3.i)

nigism 311) 113 33nlsnil ld3b 1n3319q 001 rl)iw flsrll 3)OW' .1 no

1b13

on aisri T ni 3nisrI31s bnis I (

-I)=

'1

(

-I)23mo33d = 4) 21 f11U1ffl31 '1iup3 rI1 lisrfl '1qrni isa bruis

I

2floi)13Up3 ,23U115V I9l3fnBlJsq 32011)

d1iW

.v:0.0

8

(11)

jtJXiU\5O

J0hJ-Lfl1JCJJ11J1G2 iu cbii1 1IJJG1J2JA monq ftGC1 j0JJ-1GLW !U1CLC21 L1C2 1JJq 22Gj bLJc2 E''J !L1IPG 2jJ0I4 LI1IJ GJ9L cbwij 21OCf 1JJ2 cjiiucq IJJC &u1!crbiuou OIjPG2 LOLCG oiip cuq cbT11J qcbLGci1pou LUG o:

L11 oj a GdrnJTpLinw LCJl rucowc uq cbirij bcL (lull o PPOL oj ? iiiq je

iuq

1 cohJJpluGq IP0L

Edn1!01J JO !2 1G 21JhJqILq UG0CJ1221CIJ L0N4JJ GdlliJJpLifIhJJ COuq!ITOU M1JJ ir L022 2/4U IJJG 21AI1J1 LC2bOIJ2G 12 inricp JLCrfGL pu 2nJic2lcq p?. bLc/\ion2 Lc2cLcp

IPG ¶I22flIJJbflOIJ2 OJ.2GCIIOU GAGU ft2&AJIJ2 LG2bouq boucjX fO IPG }JJ}JI. UCI 1IJGLG2 L11G fILJjG22 IUCOIJJG {9X 10 COIJ2IIUJbIJOIJ lX M0nq L!2G IPG I0ULflU GdfliJipLJflW bLcwx LJ1G 0 IIJIGLG2I 11LJGL 2IOCIC niq IIJG J22OCi11cq hJJJL1!hJlJ bLoqnct JjJ12 2CCIJOU 2jJ0Th2 1}J11 IPG 21J LLOL1J J1J

LGUGCI IJJG CILGCI OJ IIJG COLJ2IIWbfJOU wx ou lC uuc oL2/\iu iiq 1JJGLGOLG ou 1G cdczippunw cbi1II

0 CthI1Jj IJJI? G J LGI201JIPIG ibbLoxJwJou !U JG 20I4 L111J fpG AGL) j0U-lJ1U GdIiJI!PLJIJJJ M!jj

Vl1P0flI1 IPG l22flWblT!OhJ o ijxcq cJbiliJ 210G nJq fJJGLG0LG 01 COU2WIJI UJJL1UJJ bLoqncl

EUq0IJ01I "!' uq WG EdI!1!PI411W IUGLG icu

crbi1J2lOCj( uq IPGLGI9LG {}JG bLcWx LI1G 0 11J1GLG21

p0Th IPG J!ct Lc2bou2c o 2JMU2 o {G iucLcmGq UGI !u{cLc21 monjqcJrnuG 1G cdnh!rpunuJ

Gdf1T1i0U rniq luG bo22IpJ1!IA o i bo2lfl, !U1!J1 L11G 01. !UU1!0U I cxcuq IJJG UJA2i2 10 COIJ2TqGL RGIOLG COu2IqGLJIJ JJ1GWI1JAG 122f1wbliou2 iucJnqlu lG bouojio GdnulIpL!nw cOUq!IJOU 0J

¶JhJ MJlp p iJq C0LJ21JIJ1 !t 10110112 1PJ1 L =OO5

bcL2ouq WX Oh JU/\G2IIJJGIJI IUCOUJG =

o

nq o =

o

cdr1lJou2 rnq i !WbI? 11JJ1 =

021

LJ.OW L =OOfô10 L = •J• ]7G22 1IJJ1J P'11.°IJP2 .12C 12 qnc 10 IJJG qJLGCI GT1GC1 0 GJ1W1IJ1JU 1JG

(12)

JO cou2nuJbJou pJx ouj? i

Edn!ou twbj pn rpc bLGWx jc o 1UCLG21 onjq pc cqncq p? qJc 2f o

J-p

J—Lp J—LP Q

(it)

=

(-i)

+

()()

-

(J-)L 1Q

LGUGCpc ctJwJuuJou oj bcL2ouj x ou Lu/C2IU1J rucowc) ?JJq2

uiu q =

— (o

i.duccj pc cjiwiuiou oip iqwouq coLbouc Jucowc wx) iuq qo =

—o

(j)

—q —

(j

—)qa\a =

—p!q + (1

—rpq! +

(j

—p)q +

(j

_p)(J —)5q

i°'ji

qicLcuJJu

GdrIWou J5 mijp Lbq o

! uq a

(13) (j — £)

c\Q =

(j

+ (j

p)[i + d\(J

oLGdnwoIJ JWbpc2 c }0u-Lnu drnJipLJnw couqiiou:

C0WP!U!U (Jo) uq (11) JwbJ!G2 =cc\Q 2f1p2iU1flhJ 11J12 !lJfO pc ULUJ2drnipLinuJ couqwou

(jj)

= cc

10 2iIJJbjJ jJG CJCfTJW0IJ2 J J22flWG C0PPD0flI2 GCpIJ0J0A 20 =Jjçuq JJGLG10LG

(13)

0(0—

1)(d— [)+

(id—')

ob

(1)

'1 (T—i)

o

1o 3JJ1 xJ3blq

rIi

Jffli

i1qmi

ith

I

rioii

Io

bf!

r1i

ti

btn32Iq

U!BV

iimimq

rIi

r1iW ol

iniq

O

moil

1i

niv

oi

rIi

iir

bluow

idT

.ô.

<o\Db Ii

Ino

nuI3b

ii1ni

1i1

binU

r1i

iii

1i

nivi

oi

r1i

iI3rli

on

vi13q1q

ill I31fII

idli

rnq oT

.rnmq

oth

niiub

nJ3q& ni

1i

gnivi

oi

rIi

!ir1w QQ1 ol

0V!

moil

9U0

b

ir131q

QI

b131vJ

rI

bni3

noiqmu2no

IJiqE3

naiqi

nivn

1om

ivoioM

ifIYI3q

E

biivs

oi

rli

iii alnioq

i1niq

i

-i

A

quo

rrnrli won

i

iI31 fIiVI32 .2.U

bn

310111

0

uom

1n13q

1113111 moul

ii

31131

rIivJ

1n

3111 1&li 1qrni bliiow 3Th1

nivi

.1n3313q

I

im

rbu

ubrii

1dIwino3

1r1im

rIivi

ol

iiu1i

3111 111

iirii

rluon3

gu1

i

r1uor!i!A

ii

1kivo

31i1 113th

i1qrni

113fli

Ion

ob

t3131fIi

lo

31131 x1$I1q 3111 n3rli noilibrto3 3111 313313ni riliW .4 (d-I) + I (0-1) = 1&{1 1qmi

i

bni rioiflupI .1!13m !3viIIsI31

i

niv

ol

biii"i

3111 11!

0

bilE p0.0 = 1 rIliW .0 — = Ob

iIqrni

xisl noi1qmunoD ol rlir131iw .Ob I — =

ib

.0 = ib 31131

niv

Hi

ni

h

1n3319q

à

A

.0.0

i

i

lo

3uhiv lEilini 3111

JIoiiqrnoD

ioI

.I0.0

=

d

b3ilqmi nEril

1iE31

fi3LJm

i

rnul3l

lo

31131 3111 111 3I3313fIi lnioq 3g131r13313q

.

1 13 oX

3f1O31

ni n311w

à>

o\

o

b rhiW '.rnu1311o 31131 1311 3111 oX

nivs31o

IiviXirI3

3111 nO r131E331 uoiv31q

Xx3

nA .3oq1uq irI1 iol boog

'O

i

I noiXEup3Io noilEmixolqq13 m3nhI 3r1T'

(I

noiJEup3lo noilEmixolqqE 11331111

,dllo

bE31ni)

1

rlguoirll 01 noitBup3

ni1J

noiXBIu3Il33 .&).0 < D\r)bIi

ni1b

31131 13131ni xEX3lq 3111 113111

3i!qmi

.(?Q1)

ni31bI31 111

noiuib

3111 bnn ('8QF) 11131-I

(

V(?1) niAoE1 al3fllo rI0rfH3 11 (tOI\!riiig;T

(14)

.itrii

lo

iin

rii

iin

bluow xiii r1oilqmurioD

r

ol flicI

dl

.0 = ib ol

0.0

molt)

lniq

OE IEiinuiidu

iv

d

f13fli hiii

riivia

.eoi

rI11i

riv3

=

i

o

00.0

=

I

Iirini

ru

molt

ii

bluow

Jiini

lo

iii

th

ThrD

Jqmi

1

rIuoidJ

01 anoiJ&ip

0

.0

mundiliup3

tI1RW

IRtiqD

9ihritIA

nA

r1l

briE

b1i

liup

rIi

nwid

rioiirbi

rIt

113r11

bmua

bni I

rtoil31o

ai1&tB

dT

lnuiirio

i

bwor1

noiiiup1 .no1B

bIoriworI

lo

rtiIiq

3r11

d

briirrriib

i

iirii

lo

iE1

r1i

iI3E1d or l3blo ru

.iolvrii

!isubivibr:i 01

niuli

x131-1ih

rll

rio

bisd

muirrI1q

Jiup3

1nrIu3

rIl

,2m111

lo

bns

io1vrii

lo

a

rin1iq

9f11

lo

rioi1ilni

3d1

izfbi

bluow usd1 mo31IJo

riwid

noifls1i

rIr

iisrIi noiiqmhiaals 3viJEni1Is

rniJx

rJl1o

anoiJJsD!Iqrfli

rIi

a3flim13x rioi1xa noiiisupEl .no1L arrni 3rIulo

riiq

rI1

d

briimib

ai

1aiirii1o

thsi rI1 bnis

bbi

uiup

r11 udb

aitri

uIi

arrriil

rfi

01 abriiftlo

iao

xEi-131th 3r11 rio baisd muirriiq

uiup

urisuarloD is bworIa dà

.lis1iqis

uiup

brus

:abbi

(do) bruis

(I)

arioiiisup riinidrrioD

(-1)\qc(d-I)-'1=i

(il)

us1uMrI13q cii bnis

rai3rni

lo

isi

fI1 aiisi bluow

tin

xisJ uis1oq1o3

di

niubi

iisril aiJqmi aIHT bluow (— b) xiii noiiqmuarlo3 is ol gnirbuiwa

lo

aaoiq

r11 cii xiii 1isioq-io rI1 nu1isriimiI lisril I 00.0 01 p0.0 molt

aisirui

ol

lai1ni

lo

icsi r1J

auis

noiiibno

murrdiIiup

d1woi

r11

40

noiuisup

d

rivi

muiidiIiup

bbi

1aais 3r11 riliW ais

muimiq

liup

rI1 uisrIl 1qrni I

noi1a

lo

brie

rIt

his bhn3a1q

uIisv

ihmismq

r{TVI

=

41o muim1q

uiup

lri

misa 3rD aiIqrrii a1uo31o airiT

.00.0

= 'y ai miit 3rD

d

b3w3iv

.ioiavni

tBubivibfli

cIi

iol

V0.0

I lOJ\ôiriix&I

(15)

rnod

won

noi1

Io

I

noiiup

ol nibnoqiio + j (-1)] (d-I) + 1 d

(

- I) =

\

n

(

- I) ('1) 2231r1u

ii

bluow i1nilo

1i

xIi1q th itrt1 iIqff1i idi

4

bnJ3

no

auIiw

bxfl

riliW

ai

rI1 ni

biiupi

J13fl1 r11 ion i 2irIi rIuor1iIA

.1niq

V

iaiiI 113

'd

brw noi1iupH ol muii bn b&nrii rIi 01 viiI361 iiI fliup

i

Ii noi1D iii b3nirnLx3 1&Ii

!qrni

iI1o1

dà + i (— t)] (d— 1)(O—

)

+ id(O— 1) =

.[iT-*](d-

I)(O-

)

+ 1(0-I) r1i

isi

bluow

xi1

fflO3fli 1Enowiq bni3 i131oq1oD

rIi

gnulBnimib O.O i ii bnJ3rI3nu i rIIiW

.

I r1i nl3r!1

imI

'II13i1ru31du

i

ifLT .QVO.O =

i

ot QO.O =

i

moi

ivi

01

niu1i

1n

1)1113m fB1iqi

lo

Ibom

vi1&ni1E

d1

d

biIqmi rnu1i

1n

fI1 lii 13n1 lnioq 131ri1q

rIi

iisi

bluow niuiiTIo 1131

1n

th

iii

aii

1nioq 13in13q O.f.

airIiI

.

noii3a Iii rriuiidiIiup xsi noi1qrnunoi i 01

ftifI

rD

(iniq

01 1rl31q

O

mol! 1n31q

V

d

1i

fllvi3

22O

1131 xI3mlq muiidi1iup

iwoI

13 01

biI

bluow muiidi!iup iAi13m IEiiq13to 3born noil ir1i riliw

nivi

1n

rli

Iduob

nl3dl

iom

Ih3iiini bluow i131

rIivj

aoi

d1 ni

1i

i

d3u

ani2 .1ioinito .1u33o

'Ili3uis

bluow 1131 8nivE 2U

d1

fit 2B13fli

nt

rbu2 1&{1 3i1Emtdo1q

1uo3to

i

Ii

1i

tn9nI

to 3tsM 9cD bnt

xtT

noiqmuuoD

noiftn1

.4 noifl$flni on

i

31{1 1&IJ

bmu13

J3rt won lilnu

iIEn13

fI1

fnoifloqx

15rn13 13 1irrriq oT

iIqfnoo

iom

1n31q

noi1o

23r!T .noi113i1qb 3irnono3 ol li3up

i

noi1si31qb xsl 113th brw x131 lo iIEn13 3ii2iIi31 iom i

bni

noilEfini 1o 1E1

vitioq

i131oq1oni 113d1 f1oi113iIi3q2

.noEi31qb

QIOf\à1nixj1

(16)

?2ni2ud brrn !&Io13q r1i

u&d

iruthoqmi

i

Iin

xifl brrn

noiflni

rrwid

noitI31tni 3rIT no bnL3

fIIE

1E1iqI3 lEnifrion no

riqx

brim

rnoni

iiiJni

Imriiirioii rio

baid

m

xm

rnO3fIi

nwid

33n111ib m i61 o2!m wolim 01 brim jioilmflni 1mioq1o3rli oT

.rioi1miiqb

Imnirrion

8bud

rmiI

rI1

()

noilmilni 01

bJmIi

Ion

i

lmr(1 rloifl3i33lq3b xml brim

noi1miiqb

imono3

:oi

bni3rI3

d

1um

(I

noiImup) 1rIiI311f!o3 .(d— 1) + jcj = (id—r1ô+ 0ô—'1)T--Jr + '1 (QI)

Iiup

bnm ld3b 1o

ibivoiq

rli

ol

vi

nm rrnil

r1l

ImdI

rriuii

Imnirnort rI1 Imdi

1m1

Q I noilrnip

iq

niu1i

1mi rI1 :1nnoqfno3

idli1o

mu

3r11

i

(xmi

Imno13q idthcI

Imiqmo

linu

iq)

Imiqm

unim

(1miiqso

linu

iq

v)

boi

Imliq&

r1i!o

u!mv Icriirnon rI1 ni

ii

3d1 u1q [

'Ij

Imliqmi1o liriu

rli

(I)

:1nnoqmo

iuo

b

mu

r1I

i

md

xml lm1oq1o3 r1T .noi1mioqio

r1i

d

bimq xml orli (iii) Imiiq&'1o linu

-iq

rioiimi31qb

blmiI

n'1o

uImv

di

(ii) ;1miiqmbo lniboiq !Isniglmrrl Imriimon

rIi

idi noi13IJbb r11 (vi) brim

;i

- noiimfIni

cI

bum

nmwoIIm noi1m!31qb

bubi

rI1 noi1mup ol

3ub1

QI rioiimup (O =

)

noiimi3iqb 3irnOri0 brim 0 =

t

riliW

.lnmmq

131lni

113inibo

1mi fmnirnon 3d1 no xml

mq

Imliqm3

1dbio

ibivoiq

Imubivibni

di

um8

Imnirrion xmiiq Imiol m

vii

io1vni

iiup

rIT

.it - 1(0-I) al

iiinibo

imi

xmi-o-iri 1m31

ff

I (i) brim

nurnm

Im-f1o 1uomq 3r11 01

bnoqno

irIl1o noirloq A .Imiiqm

1iupIo

linu

iq

'to

niu1i

.Iui

xml brim noiimflnulo noil3ml3lni r1I no wiqmq

Jmiva

icii (XQI)

ni1b1I

.I I I I \ôirti /bF

(17)

id—ir1ô+0ô—1

--

ib

cIT—I IBnimon oi

broqrio

di

flq

3rlT

.boi

fBflqI33 3riflo noii391qq13 (n3noi13flrIi 3rli

o

ioi

3di

.bi1i1i

'GIno briE

id

b r113b 13 no

Ino

bxi

i

litiq133

1ipto

linu

iq

(d-I)\irIo

ni

[sflqE3 riliw (ci — 1)

\

t

0 n3flilw 3d 31o1313r1i

nr

ni

riohflni iil1 no xit

3viifl3

3uIEv

n331q

3rIT

1n

3rlT .0 3i131

ir

xiJ oi

31du

i

bni (d- I

)\

i

lifliqi

1iup3 ol

niui

r1irIiJ3m31

riT

. I > = (d-I)\t(Oç —

I)

+ [(d

-1)\t

- 3] (0 —1) 31o1313r1i

i

IEtiql33 iiiJp31o iifIJJ 13q rnui3l lErlirnofi xEtO .(d—I)\t(y—I) 0 + (0 —

I)

i&!i

iiupi

41o muicniq

iiup3

xji-1o-In

n1no

to

noiiibno3 muildi!1up3 oi!oThoq 3rIT

:'d

b33131q31 3d fIOiJJ3lJp3

.+

i(0-

1)=(d—I)\('—I)O

+3(0-I)

(Os) °:noiiibno3 rnuuldiliup3 3f11

bIi

Q1 rtoilI3Up3 molt 3 3il3nirrtiI3

o

O

noII3up3

niaU

.(O—I)\t('ç—l)O—

(0—I)\(d-1)+i(id—3t,+0ô-1)T

-

lr+'•1

(1)

'11i3oT .IX3iflO3 3iiIf35I 3lOffI airli rh XE) noi1qmhJno3 13 0)

nifiir1

Io )33T13 3d) won 13bi2fIoI) :3iIqmi i bni

0

7

ot 133q31 filiW

I

flOiiElJpO nu1I3i)rl313Thb

()

bnii

()

(d-1)

-=

ib

(0—I)(d7-I)

Ob .II!fh1E3 b3niE)31 Ofi 5113 313f1i )EfIJ 23fflUE

2ifIT

Qr noiii3up3

nui

Ii1iqio Isnirnon no xii) on bnE no11131331q3b 31ffl0fl033 r{)iw ndli 3toI4° .(T—I)

\I

=

b\ib

lEft) )1U31 milimEl 3d) 3!1qmi 1Ol\rnixLT

(18)

noiflnu1o

1ii

vi1ioq

i

erIoiiEb1qb 1o3 3!1oiifI to

uid

bil3q xi1 ffl1x 3r11

i

0

<

ni2

'1Iimono

wo1Io't 1LT .(8 noi1Bup) fIoiIJ3fln! on niliw

w

Ii ni3fIl

im1

bru1odi3 Tb

\

lb

li3m

1vI

isioq1o3

th

1

31131 x131 3vi13Tf

rb

3iii

noill3flnli

o

1ii

nIi ni

iini

cm 113n11

iil

rli

molt 3u113v 1n131q 3111

2ub31

3cmwoIIi

n1oit13ia1q3b r1i1n1uz1133to borlimn 1O3 3i1o1imI 3r11 3un333d 11311w 3lom 1i1oiq xJsi-'Io-13n 3i131 316t313f1i x131 3frlODfli 01J310q103 3mb riiiisnimi11 .noijth33lq3b

o

.noilisflrii

i

313111 on niliw

isw

Ii nl$dl 1311sm 11u1oedis Ob\ib Aisrri noilisflnii 1o

1in

3vi1ioq is

1Isi1no

cii

b13i

in

3111 31Jb31 rioilsflni

uisd

iuzxo

Ob\ib no noilisfIniIlo

1Tt

in1T .((? noiIIsup3) noi1ifirii

b13i

tn

3111 113111

1iup31

516b13r11 mhihdiliup3 1AmM .niisg lisliq& lisriimori

nixisi

d

3i1iup3 no Iisth

rii'1qmi

.0 <Ob\ib

1sm

3lqi3nulq cli

bIuo

Ifl

ir1T .3nu133b o1is

i1iiu

morii

b3xi't no

.1i1nii

b 31131 3111 13wo1

b1uo

3rnoni

1131ni lisrIo13q bo noilisxisl 3r11 n1iThnirnu13 13 ol 8niirb1iw lisril 31isibni

u1sv

lis3il3rrnirl 3i1i1is1

1iuidmis

1153i131o3n11 airli

1iqa

cii .noill3flni

i

313111 11311w 31131

Ii1rii

xlsl3lq 1isi 3111 iii 313313fl! is

uis

xisl rIoi1qmuno3 133T1b9 3111 r1uon111A .1n3313q mob 3d noilnsltni to olin 3111 131 .1 cioi1x. bo noi1qmuJa1s 3111 o1 rioilibbis 11311u3n-rlofi bo

1

x3lqmo3 is niliw

mnono

nrs cii

uouidrrm

ai

1i1ni

'to 31131 1ism 3111 riO rioiljslf nil Tb Insi 3111 q33)l Isril

'sw

13 nil 33113131q fli 1313131111

1fl3

3r11

lsth

21u

33n3biv3 3111 311n x131 1sm 3111 1111W

'.gnsd3

noilsflni

lo

31131 3111 11311w b3rmr13nIu 131Emixomqqs 13131ni bo 3151 xisl3mq .80.0

=

i

ai

si

1131ni Iisnimon 3111 bo 3uufsv lisilini 3111 Jn13313q mu6f us b3n1srbnu noilnsflniilo 31131 ot In9Iisviup3

i

lfsnll nloiIsi33mq3b b3113131313

l

313111 noilisfmni 'to 33m19ad13 3mb ciI lsrIi

o1s

3muaA

'to borll3m 1o3 3imo1in1 3111 usd1 bnis (10.0=

)

rrwI3l bo 31131 xLsl3mq 3111 01 1n3313q 3110 gnibbs .(QQI) riDIr1iM bmus (E8QI) ni31b1&i .g.3

392

QlO I\àJni,tT

(19)

.O

d

It1iq&1o linu

q

2ffirnq

bn

ubi

ol noill3flni'Io lnioq I31r1axiq

rbi

u&

noi1i31qb

d

01 'ç

1irnBisq

inmJu1bn

ni

IL1iq3 cI1 AL1 I

IILniI

=

io

=

,

.i

;1niq

xi1

3111113110 311li3v

1n31q

3d1

ai11

Ino

milob 3nolo

ni1

IBliqf33 b3u'i33B

ni

1ii

niLqmi

.O

is

2isd

qu b3qq3r 3th

.Isn3b

3rD

lo

fbi

35I

s

isi

xsi thrzo13q

ioiiiini

311110 r1hiio1no cJ

.3moni

Isliq& 13(110 rio rlI3rIi

riisg

1n1iqs no 31131 xsl \1oflJin1 l3woI 3(11 bns rlln3b .ftOiIl3fIfH 10 31131 3rD rlliw

iiiw

i

msisq

Aii

3rD 1&1I

i!qmi

I = tb\ib 113111 noiiibno3 3rlT = 4) mofl muirn3lq A211 3111

isi

noilBilni ur1T .E.O = rb\4)b

u1isv

l3I3mslJsq 1n3nu3 3rD io1

=

In 81 O.O = 4) ol 0

=

is 8Q0.0

udT

.O0.0

— = Ob\ib bns Q0.O — = rb\ib Inril '1qrni bris noi1nup3 bnI3 23u113v

3r1T

ia3l3Ini rnuiidiliup3 3111 no I33Tfi3 lf3iirI3Ioq 1311fsrn 13

sr!

xsi

moni

b3l31ni 1sno13q 3rD ni1snirnuf3 3111 molt rIii1if1 lisril

i1qmi

I

noilsup3

lo

noiislJlsv3 ii3iIqx3 uoiv31q

r1i

rh nisrIl 31131 ol 40.0 molt 31131 13l31rhi 1ni 3111

iIs1

xsl noi1qrrwrio3 is ol

rn1

xisl 1rI311u Isiiqs3 3vi1nm11s 3f11 13bino3

boi

!s1iqis euor1gobrI3 nis

lo

ITI3

3111

ni13bino3

31(8

b 1o3 13n 1is31 3111

b3x3

rrniI 3111 01 lsIiqls3

1iup1o

io3

!si

3d1 fbirlw Iii muildiliup3

Ihism

lo

i11o

rf1

lo

noiu3ib

oiI'1sns ioi (8VQ 1)

thnirfrf

bns

niD

ni1b13T

no

b1$d

i

1x31 3111 ifi

b3u

.O

l3drnun

HT

.33rnswo111s noilsi33lq3bIo 3u113v 3(11 no noilsflni .l3qEq usd1 01 xibn3qqn

ir1

ni

b3in31q

rbsth3uA nislA

d

noilsIu3ls3

.0O.O

= 4)

i

rnliirn3lq

tiup3

3rD iisth

1qmi

S

noiisup3 brus

noiuqmus

3cfT

'1no I noii33aIo

V0.01o

3IJIEV 3rD molt 13T1ib

8E0.0

= 4)lo

muimq

Ath

3r{T

4)

iis

u1sv

b3ilqfrli 3(11

0

=

01i

;noilsi33lq3b b31s131333131o

noi1qrnus

lri3l-1u3 3(1110 3aLJ1333d .10.0 =

i

Is VV0.0 = 4) bnis

0

= 3t In V€0.0 = 125131n3 x13131q

1si

3111 131113 ion e3ob noilsflni isrIl

noitqmus

3111 01 3viIsrn3IIIs

ns

aA

3(11 113

b3ns±nu

4) muim3lq )1i1 3(11 niq33)I

lo

noils3ilqmi 3(11

bibirto

o2113 3vsrl I 3I131 11331 3(11 usd1 3i1qmi xst

rroitqmuno

is 01

rfifiirk

.noiJqmu22s iiI1 rDiW .0

r

d

b3lIqrni 31J113V .àVO.0 ot

80.0

molt

311

31131 13131ni VI QIO!\Orn,xET

(20)

won 21

d

noiiup

o

gol&rn

1T

.i

Ithth31T1ib inI32no3

i

'd

liiqE3

db

(t) Q I

noiup

olni 2irlt

ninflidija

•[

ii

+ j (i—f)] (d-I) + j d = [

i

d - iv 8 +

ô-

'1

]

- iv +

'1

()

noiibno3 r{T

.ixnoD

2irlt ni on &1

1o13th

1ri

x& t&1o213q 3r11 ii nJ3c{c A

d

muimiq

Aii

rIi

iii

noiflRrii Io

iii

1niq

iuoI i&li 02

0

= iv b \4J b

iIqrni

I = ivb\ ib

niieix

rI1 moil nifiif1a A0.O = iv 8080.0 = iy 01 0 = iv fl 80V0.O

'

mofi rnioq

In31q

no

.

IQO.O ol 80.0 moiI

iii

1aitrii

rii

iii

bluow xt1 noilqmu2no3

i

o

iubin1

xI3i thiw 1&{i i1qrni muiidiIiup ioIll3rn

!Itiqi

,i1irn1t13 3d1 dliw iIun di 01 2irIl nimqrnoD .?à0.O

bn

0.0

nw1d

ol I0.0 mon

i

iii

i2itmIi

1i

r11 ru

ii

ri1 bo12 II.1iq133 bxfl 13

qhn9tnI

LIiqi1D

uonobnI

bnt

niv1

noilt1RnI

2

ti2n3ini

11311q133

auonobn

Hliw

'mono

n13

o

bbru1x

d

ni

noib

Th 211u1 wrIT rrrifl

r1i

nimiidmo

.

bni E

noi1

briB 4 hnl3 anoii32 1o 113nis 3r11 gmuinidrno3

d

noiiibno3

diwoi

bn13Ifid 3r11 dliw

(I

m1oi113up)

nciIinio

niq

di ni noilibno3 muiidi!iup

:2bIi

(D\

=

.(d-1)

+

id(

- t) = + iv(ÔT- I) +

I)

()

2mno3d 21111

(0

noifl3up) 3n111q 21o1EvrIi no

bEd

muildiliup3 iImmn 1131i9133 m1i riliW .iv(0-1)(y-1) 0

-

(0-!)(d-1)

+

id(-I)+

0ô-iv(ôT-I) -=

()

ol 1iri xi1 1m1riu3 mf1 mon nifiir12 113111 bwomk

I

noii

(0 = Db) 1i2n1ni 1131iq133 bxit i rlltW bns 21111

i11o

oT .Qô0.0 ol p0.0 mofl

h

bluow 1131 1211ni 11331 3113 113111 23i!qmi x131 noilqmu2no3 s 81 IOI\àiriixn1

(21)

1o

213f1i

f1E

(noi

uoiviq

rli

ni

bu

u113v 1irru1I3q

di

rhiw) a1iup31

bn&knu

i

q!

iriiq

14to

nivi

iIqrni

0

noi1f1upio muiidiIiup

Ai&ri

IiqI3

3fIT

[v

— 4 + i (0—I)] (d—f) +

[

-

i

(0-I) 1 d =

()

.-(d-

I

)+

1(0-I

)=

moil 2lflioq 311fI331q

d

2i1

i

8I?0.0

= 4 bni 80.0 =

io

iii

1iirii

linimon

bxiI

rhiW oi

rIguon

21

niui1o

ii

ri

rh

iii

ii

irIi1I

.0 = 0

ndw

10.0

=

i

o

.0

= 0 n3dw

V0.0

=

o

fiirJ

ritq

001 n&h

iom

'd

nivia

iri

o t13rI1 bns)

1niq

I 1

d

riivia

201

i3ir11

.23t131 131rii x13131q

ubn

bluow

xi

rIo1qmu2no3

i

rnifl

rh

no

bEd

muiidiIiup

iAmrri

!Iiiq1

di

rhiw 2i2I1rrn 11Iiffli2

i

irh

II&iiI

fliLido

w

&

2irIl 111

(

noitrnJp)

2n5I11q

ob

-r8+

ô-ì

.—t—Th

'

° —=ib

(Q)

o

i

tE1 fIiV132 1TIi Ii

0.0

OJ J0.0 ff1011

i1

bluow

iri

i1ni

9th 113th aWofI fIOii)92

noiup3

.X131 noiiqmu2rro3 s ol

rri9i2

x131 1n9mi3 9th moII 9rU31b 13 21 919r11 n9dw

bgnBfIriu

noilqmu2no3 ol fiirl2 9th

niv

oi

ni

ioini

in19q

1

n

dliW

.I.0

<o\Dbi

0>

ib 23iIqmi

ivi

ol mu131

tn

Iii

9th 92U133 bluow lud

brn3rbnu

1ii

1191r1i !J3nimon 9th

9vI

bluow xi1

2320231

niv

xm1

9th n&h 9Idi2uBIq 9lom

i

rioiisnidmo 2idT .880.0 ol

V0.0

rnouI

ii

b322u2ib

noi1qmui

noii13flni bnE 2rloiiibrlo3 muildiliup9 iAmm 3viisnl3lIE

di

l9bnu b9liup9-i

b9br1

3d bluow 1n9313q

0

Iiin

lo

h

nivs

i

ru

ii

iI

i3V

13 a3iIqrni 11112 ti fli8 .3vodE

.319ini

lo

iBi

xE11q 9th

ii

bluow xEt noi1qmu2r1o) 13 ol ftirl2 3d! 11311! noiZuI3rto3 9th 9213V31 01 Q1

(22)

bidu

tghoM

9ft)

nittnimiIa

to th&fl3 3tI5I

IttnI

-I3nwo

lo

1n3m11i xi1 mo3ni

tEiq

3r!1 b31oni irT

iqiq

idli lii

iIin

3r!1

won

lilnU iti

.iob

3niaud

iriocpo

3111 ni

bu

i

Ji1iq

1Ii ii11i

b3mu

rI

bnB

niuorf

b3iquxIo xi1 3IdlrIovsl 3r13-nu3 3111 311nimi13 bluow xi1 noi1qmuno3

iuq

i

lo

noilqobl3 3311n31q 1Eu13J ni2uor1 b3iqu33o-l3rlwo 3r13 moil flir1 ol !E1iq3 bnE

riiuod

b3iqu33o-l3nwo

in

1n3m313311 3111 ni 1131iq63

In

l3ubolq 1f3ni1J3m 3111 33ub31 bluow 111112

i1T

.1ol3

3ni2ud

3111 ol 101332 gni2uorl b3iqu33o -i3nwo

ni

1ini

lo

31I

muildiliup3 3113 31o1313111 bntl

1o13

3ni2ud

)!213 ol lElIJIEn

i

ii

1ii

b3linU 3111 ni

1iJiqi

16vi1q 161o1

lo

1n3313q

E

modE 21n3231q31 31631gg6

iom

3111

lo

2noi2uI3no3

d1

'1ibom 01 flguon3 g1J31 \1!Ei1f131oq

i

133113 2irIl 13111311w xi1 noiiqmu2no3 oi flurk

i

iiuli noi2ul3no3

di

lloqqu2 ol

bni

21o13a 2uoiv3lq 3113 10

2iIErul

.12311ni

lo

3161 3111 ni 3n1133b is

u&

bluow

lo

11I3

r1i

s'1jsnis ol

bu

3d nhs3 tisrll l3bOm

1o13

owl 3Iqmi2 is

2In31q

noft

2idT 'çlfsnoillsl2 is rliiw

2nigd

2i1EnE 3riT .11siiqB3

2ni.ud

bnis gniwod

lo

xim r13 no rn312v2 xisi 3111 thiw

'mono

niwoig

£ ni 2n3qqErI i&Iw l3bi2no3 n3th I

.bo3

lisliq& lisiol b3xil is 1111w

mono

xisi noilqmu2no3 is 01

niftirk

lisrIl 2311qm1

iIisnis

r1i

imono

rfiod ni .3161 gnivs2 1n612r1o3 £ bluow 3fl3i gnivis 3111 rI3urn woil 3161u31E3 1131111

•iz3ni

lo

31151 3111 ni

ii

Is ol bis3l 11i12 bluow .b3gnisthnu 3161 123131111 3111 q33A 01 3211 03 3vlsfI

O-1WO

K I .ô 9th n33w33d b3bivib 3d 01

)

A3o1a 1611q63 Iisloi b3xfl is 1111w O11O39 1115 i3bi2noD 101332 ni2uor1 b3iqu33o-l3nwo 3111 ill 1311 119 2! noil3ubolq 116 iisrIi 23ff1U22E 2i2'f 6116 3f1T 2! gnieuoiI 161n31 lisrIi

gnimuis

d

23iuiIqmi2 2i21EnE 3111 2ufIT .101332 3lisloqlo3 3111 11 10 191110 101332 b3lEloq-Ioorlirlu on 21 319111 tisrll briti 101332 9tlnoqlo3 9111

lo

1ivi1is nis eis b3blisg3l .niauor1 b3iqu33o vriwo nisril IOI\OJnExfT

(23)

1oi33

e3niud

3111 iii

hiiqi

rli

d

A

iJ

.1o13

niuod

b3iquo-13r1wo 3111

bn

ioi

3ni2ud

i1l3nE

ith

b u3o1 3111

ou&8

niuor1

b3iqin3o

inwo

3111 uI

bu

I1iqu

3111 3d H ban

lo

aq'1

owl 3111

lo

iiq

3113

nwi3d

3bnm

i

noil3nil2ib on Jrwhdiliup3 nul gaol 3111 no 21

d

buboiq

boog

iinimun

d1

n

hq

mn

3r11 ui b31un3m 3d 01 b3muaf3

in

rliod ;InliqE3 aunT

.1o1a

aa3niaud 3n11

.9=

H+A

(O€) gniauou1 bo wofl 3111 :io1oa gniauoii

13

ui vgolond33l 3ldiaaoq la3lqmia 3111 muaan lliw I 3dT .luqni iodnl 3uonlliw b33ubolq ai bun 1n1iqn gniauofl 10 bola 3111 01 lnnoiiioqoiq al a3zivia 1niiqn gniauonl bo l3ubolq Inniglf3m lnniano3 n1l ai ii 31311w HnI aunil ai

aivia

gniauorl

lo

wofl b3iqu33o

inwo

to linu

iq

33i1q Inln3l li3ilqmi 311111 .212o3 nnn3lninm ban noilni33lq3b

lo

bn

3111

q

ai (1o13a aa3nIaud 3111 10 luqiuo

lo

3311(1 3lifil3fflUfl 3111 01 3V11E131) 2331V132 gn!auOfl .Hniq 2i 2331V132 gniauonl

lo

3u1nV 3lng3lggn no!J3ubolq anlguoU-ddoD n

'd

b31n3231q31 3d 111w luqluo 31

giggn

1o133a aa3niaud 3111 uI

:

ban anoiJ33a ui b3muaan InnIl 03 inlimia noil3nLtt

=

Y

(I€) 3d 111w 13o1a 1nnqn3 3f11 no 111313111303 311T .'fnof1O33 3111

lo

io1

iodnl Inlol 3111 21

J

33311W

nli

a3iIqmi in1i 31f3a 01 anwi31 innlano3

lo

noilqmuaan ainIl ulliW

..O

=

x 3d ol b3muaan .l3qnq ainli

lo

211011332 13ihs3 ui b3muaan x51n = (J\A)1

=

J\Y

noii3rlul noil3ubolq miol 3vian3lni Innigrnm 3111 8ni2US3 e)I ui 32n313n1 cm bun H ui 3r11133b n ol abn3I xnl noilqmu2no3 n ol gniflirl2 .3f11133b o1 ( '1) !sliqn3

lo

l3ubolq 3fIT

.

11011332 111 313W an

rnna

3111

3

101332 3lmnoqlo3 311110 anoilibnoo muildi!iup3 311T ai (4 noi13a

lo

@1 noilnLIp3) lninllarIo3 l3gbud 101392 3lnloqlo3 I (IOl\airniifl

(24)

3(d-1)+id=[id-ô+—'1]T—t+

'1

()

niarod

nwid

boi

1itiq&

od

b

noiivib

3d no brI3q3b rnd rrntno3 1gno! on

'1

313dw

i

(

noii

o

O

nohsup3) noitibno3 mliildiliup3 oiloThoq 3ilT .21O33

3niud

bn13

.d+i(O-I)=(d—

f)\iv('(—1)O+3(O—I)

()

1ui

xi1

tnnu3

{T

.iri

niuoH

b3iqu33o l3nwo nibivoiqbo 1o3 3rIi won l3bi200D r13qo1q 113301 bnB ain3mEq

ii3tni

Egi1om

13ub3b oi 13nwo 3rnorI rIinifrn3q

d

lao3 ir11 33ub31

1!thn

3Th

mod

b3iqu33o

inwo

no

nrng

1J3iq13I

.rno3ni

3!d13x1 li3rD nu1131u3li33 ni

x13i

9rli

i

sgriom

3rIlTIo oilin 3u113v 01 nf$ol 3r11 bilE I

i

Ei1om

3r11 no 31131

1tni

3r1111 .b3xE1nu 313H .lt —

q'(OI)

+

(

+i)

(i—1) + 1(0—1)

i

i

11iq

ni2uor1 b3iqu33o l3nwobo lirtu

iq

io3

11

uod

3db ni

bJ3vni

.&{

inwo

rb

ir1t

bcni1 13g11orrI-non 3rIilo 12o3 1inithoqqo

tn

1i

3db

i

i

i&li noi1qmuas 3(11 no b13s11dua

i

noi1iflni 10

1in

Ilul 3rlT .xsl ii3qo1q 113301

lo

31131 3ff)

q

bns ai nisg niui3313

rli

sth

bilE 11313n3g rh 33i1q

s

si

3ffl132 3ff) 113 3)Ei331qq13 !1311q133 fni2uod

d1

.X1$1

niS

11311q133 'fiE 01 133[dUE

13I3

linu no ff1133

lum

Isubivibni on) )snIl (rfq) Ilsliqfs3 niiauod

lo

linu ioq Istnoi li3iIqmi oniT 113(11) jnuimoiq

Aii

i

u1q

1s)iqE3

niuor1

10 1mm ioq )O3 11331 inI) 01 113up3

i

IE)1q133 niauon1 b boiquaoo-ionwo ni

kii

bovio3loq

1subivibni

or!) no nibnoqob

ovi1son

io ovi)i2oq iothio od :(oiloThoq tiupo-1dob ovilEmolls 3(11 01 OVi)E131 f1Ruoff

=nlq

(!)

i61 o1u1i1du 01 EE noilEupo

niu

nottiiw od ni3 !131iq133 oiloThoq no muloi lEIlirnont Ion oniT ZU33\ owl nirlliw bo)2ovniol 3m 33n3bi01

ni1Io

mofi boo3o1q odi Ii oub

i

x131 o1.4 oL4

.ni1o

OOO1

lailI orlI no xsl on

'q

o3nob!o-1 ,m 11o oriw ioblo bns

OJ

alsubivibnl .lonwo ofll'bo nbl3Ob orb Is borflsoupod

i

offIli boxEt 1OVO

i

fhiE 1OI\1riixt3T

(25)

2J

niu1i

iup3

r1i

rt+[Tv—4Hi(0—1)I(d-I) [ir—

i(O—I)]div+i

()

.4(d-

1)+i(O—1)= i&1 fflLJ2213 I

,o

ob oT rthiior{ ioi brwrrib

di

gni'Iiqa

d

b2ok

21

Iborn

rIT

iIqmi

2IfIT .Jrni2no

i

r1ibrlq2

Ioi

ru rIoi1qrnu2ruo

niuod1o

md

rli

Y=Hdq

()

.3mo3ni li3noitun Liio ni ni21JorI

io

mrI2

uIi

i

(+

I)

\

ir1w

bnz .i

q

Y

)I

H

o

uli3v

rli

nirni1b

I1nio

rIuoidJ

0E)

rioiJup

nv

rIT

lodEl

Ju3

-1gu3

r1vi

1uo2nox

r[i

i

J

bn

iirrwmq

oIonrbi

iru3t2r1o3 13 21 11

f1i2)

(.io1

c'r\

n

wyX

rr

co)

cV'V 1113i2

I

,xi

rloiiqmhJ2no3

iuq

i3 oi

xi

moni

1r1nu3 iuo moi1

niftid

to

r1i 2a?.2f3 oT O 1.0 =

'

:4 noii32 ni

b2u

iw

1I3r1 wuil

rIU2!x

ibnu

anoiqrnuu

1im!nJsq fflI32 rI1 rliiw

bioa

rn232

h31b&1

cIT

.V.O =

jO.0

b

&O

i

0E.O = p OJ.O = d XO.O 1

0.0

=

biquo

inwo1o

uILv

rli

Q1

ru

rIi

ii33ibrui E(-AQI .vmonoEI

..1J

rli

idI

r{2

n13li.8 1Inoq1o3non briE irnoq1o3) fstiq& fl3vi1q

irIio

o

njiiw

th

briE noillkl

Q0V

= H

aw

3iEi2 .(4O .q

QI

ioI

b1iq

df1o

ruogosi imonoo1) noillid

EI

= )1

w

('iinpo lErli

niIqmi

juoillid = I-IrIq oiow I ru rui2uof! boiqu33o ioriwo

d

bobivoiq 2o!ruo2 oriT

niuofi

lo

'1i3ii2EI0 ooiiq bo'ruodo orli molt mt Ion ai noiiqmLJe2f3 OiiEl 11113121100 2ir(T8 13

'd

boilqmi

i

oiiii

iniirioo

i1o

Io,1

boiIt

orIT

.(8QI)

1102051 ru bohoqoi 8.010 bruEmob orfI 1&IJ noiiqmu13

(àI)

io odmH orli oi 2uoo113nE

i

bns rioiionuñ

ii1iiu

E13IuoG ddoD .1ru312n03 0113

90D

to o1I3fI oiEloqIoonon briE oiunoqloo Q1Ot\)1riixtT

(26)

brii

0.0

=

d

01 o1ii x131 i1oqo1q 9r11

Ioi

I

rioiIIid

8Q4

= Y

i

rrio3rti Irioitiri rIif1i13ffl1

rli

=

o

ii1i'i

iiorI

01

1db

Et1om b

oi1i

i

(NI

noiiEup)

noilibno3 muhdi1iup

bIorbuorI

di

,U!E'/

1ImJ31Bq

r1i

r{1IW -Id3b bns3h3d E nrrIt

I2h

Leubivibrii

d

bbmi

i

niuor1

b3iquo

iriwo

lirIi 3iIqffIi

°VJC)()

i

NI noifl3up ni

to

uII$v

hiIqmi

rIJ

<IIiitiq

ioM

.oiIo11ioq

1iup

1nnu3

rli

vorni

ir{T .0 = = 0

xi

noi1qrnuf!o3 rIJ ol xiii

rriorii

rI1 molt fiirl2

rIT

b&qu3o

inwo

molt

xsi

riqoiq

bnB Thi1ni

itiom

lo

1i1idftubb

xi1

rIt

Tb

s1rrnvbs

ol

rnu1i

r1i

rio

xi

tnoiq

bm 1Bioq1o Tbo

triiwbiaib

r!1

riivomi

i

IIw

riiuoi1

bdi13b

auli3v 11rnJnBq

rli

ioTb

IIiimun

VC

rfuorli

0f

rIoifl3up

nivfo

.Ii1iq

niud

!&1iq133 Tbo ftir1

i

eu

x131 noiIqmuano

i

rliiw

mi<a

x

8nuiix

r{1

niIqi

Isril

iIqrni

3vodt ni

niauod

biqu3Do iriwoTbo 1uqIuo rI1

nuos

3mo3rli Il3noiIErI

fi1

ol

nib1oaDA

ll1o

noii3ubolq ff1 ni

bmuno

aivi

briE

thoo

Thibrriirii

rfT

.noilhid 81N asw

QI

bnE aboog r{1

iol

nvig

Ion al noiisrrnoTbni

1J1cqa

ni

.noillid 1V asw luqJuo gniaiiod rI1 lErli

muaai

I gniauorI

biqu3o

iriwo

Tbo iuqIiJo r1t Tbo riothxiboq

rb

ni

brriuano

a3iv1a

lo

5IErIa

rIi

as

mia

rIJ

ai gnieuofl

b3iquao

iriwo

ni beau al IBril Islot noillid

IV

rh1o

mrIa noillid

I

biIqmi

ffi

1nn1dua I

.Iniq

lV

Juqino gniauorl Isiot iii gniauorl

biqu3o

nwo

Iuqluo gniauod aaoig 3rllIo

trni1a

ris as riolilid

ÔÔ

nisido ol IuqluoTbo noillid

8IN

rI1 molt Tbo noillid

0Vô

rI1 Tbo

Jn31q

Tbo

noiIsiiqb

gnui3f$11du .gniauorl

biquo

inwo

rI1 Tbo .noiflicf

lo

I3ubolq gniauorf

biquxo

iriwo

1n

abf3i

Isiiq& gniauorl biqu33o

inwo

Ion

moni

I&Ioiil3nIo noirioq

di

noi!1id

0FI8I

asw

QI

ni

moni

Isrioilsri 113101

3riI

l3nwo n3r{1 ai1qmi airiT

.8QI

= Y asw

aima

niauorI b3iqu33o

inwo

d

b31n3a1q31 = .i

moni

Isnoifl3n l3thoTbo

1nn3q

02

3Th

aivia

gniauod

b3iquo

a3iliup3 no

bI3i

13n li31 3r{1 Isfil gni1qmi

0.0

= 4) ai muim3lq 1iup3 3r11 IsrIl 11133351 bnis ld3b 3rIYbo gE13v1 b3ldgi3w 3rIT .alnioq 1s1n3313q

2

d

id3b no b13i' 13n

1ii

3r{1

ab3x3

3rIT .Id3b no

M3i

3rD nsrIi

idgid

aIrrioq

3Inq

I.E ai iscII

bI3i

asH aufil oiloThoq '1iup3 2231 1n3313q ai gniauori

b3iquo

inwo

no cr11131 3c11 Isril a3ilqmi V I

0.0

— = 10 3113mi123 3d

1UO3

lo

sm

313r1T .gniauorl 33nEnul 01 b3au abnul

lo

1203 3E13VE b3lrlgi3w 3rD nErD b3iqu33o

inwo

13131q 01 aIubivibni 3211133 isrD an313Tuib Aaii

b3vin3q

nErD l9rlio

anoasi

3r11 ni

viI

ol io

inwo

3morl

s

3d 01 31i23b 3luq 3rD -

.g.

,ln3mia3vrii

lo

a3q\1 13ff Jo oJ gniauor{ .eJaix3 gniauorf

b3iquo

nwo

'1no 313r1w boorhodf{gi3n 10 1ir1umrrIo31o

9qt

I O I\Oiiiiii1

(27)

J'!'fl\I5OIã

OjLO//4JJ °L JGGI1GCiJAG JOL IOLCG (iucjrrqJu pcCJGCO I'P° IUJG1JfHJ CCJUJCJJ

jjrna =

q+ U MGLG q

i

pc

LUC

o qGbLGcJiou opc crbiij 2OCJ ruq u pc uc

c&bitij 2{ocIc)1

O

IJ!OU1j iucowc) cdf1J2 LO22 !11tC2WW (jic 2flUJ o qcbLcc!pou uq

u

J1JCLJ2 o fG

r LO22 2AJU (pc bLoqnc oup xcq IJIJ

J2C Q iuq

pc

2flJJJOTjJJC WO COIJJbOUGIJJ2

()

Q(A+bPH)=6

oi jxq

cibiij °r MG

UO/I p1AG IJJG 2Giq? 2WG LON4 GdflijipLTflW

Op L flJU ccbifiJ 2OCJ( {MU JJOn21IJ ruq p;2iIJC22 2GCOL2 iu b1c oUpc 122uIJJJbioIJ

pc

MO2GCIDL ccouoiii?. :o iJJiX couJp!uGq GTJGC1 OjJJG C}JUG IU 2A!U wq qJG LGTJJOCIOU JJJG flJJ?2i2 OIj1 LOMiUi GCOUOUJ?. M1JJ GIJOGUOf12 2MIIJ IL! 2CIJOU C1LJ pG cxcuqcq o

N OW

LIJG GdrnIIpLJfIW !UfGLGf LC

iiiicpuq qJG COIJCJn2!OU 1JJU 2P!U LO I COIJ2fIUJb1OU pIX IL! I 1IOUgLA GCOUOLIJA MOfIJCJ UJI2C

poriiu niq pG wuirnqG o

qTIGLGUCG 12 dnrUiwti/GjA 2Iurjcul ii ucAcpcc2 JThG2

JIJ qJ TUGLG2 UILG 12 MPI1 Monjq pG GxbGcIGq O L2I1I LLOIJJ LGCOLJLIU JJ LOJC OJOM1JGL-OCGflbiq

OL pG 1WG woqcj uq bcuiwcGL AflG2 pm ipom i 2GbILG pOfI2JU 2GCOL JJJG 2W1JGL LT2G OO5 LP !UCL2G !2 jJJLJ pC LJ2G HJ jJG LGJ IUGLG2 LIG Oo '— =ooQo) qGLIAGq IU 2GCtJOU bGL2ouq fE1X MGC2 CIfl2G2 }JG cdrnJ!pLinw LGij IUGLG2f LG 10 LI2G Lj.OW I — IL =

ØØ

10 — bLoqclcl o cibiij JLOUJ L =0 Jo 10 L OOT I4G/GL1JJGJG22 {pG LGqI1CIIOIJ 0J IjJG C0Lb0L1G JIJq

1P!2 IIJCLG12G !U luG 210CJ( OjpfI2IUG22 cibuirj 12 2nWcidul o LGCG {}JG bLcWx IJJILJLrnI o pfI2JUG22 cibtj (wq i couG2boIJq!u1 bicGul Lcqncliou °L pc 2lOCf o OMUGL occribicq

(28)

01

bo1

1&1iq133 3d)

lo

oi1i

3r11 13 b I3crii1 3d n&

\zi

1o oiiii 3r11 113r11 23i!qmi V F noi113upI 3r1) bnB noillid

1EO1

= )1 + H =

9

i

boi

ffiqi

311110 3u11w 3111

Q1

io'i .3cnoni 1&loili3n bfuow

irfT

=

\Dlo

3uli3v b3ilqmi

dT

.noilfid

08I

= HrIq + Y

i

311103111 I13f101fl31T10 ou11

3vibTI1o

noilEnidrno3 13 briE 1ri13q

01o

1E1

ni,i

.2.U

oi

i

rlliw 1n12i2no3 3d .31qm13x3 iol Jn3313q 1..1o rIouI3i33lq3b brrn

thwoi

33101 iodsl 3111 bluow 1E1

riivi

b3n&bnu

n

rlliw (0 = = 0 rlliw) xEI rIoilqrrIu2flo3 13 01 flirle A Ce3niCud

lo

iuboiq

!t3n1iBm x131q 3r11 ni3ub31 Jn3313q 8E

d

eii

ol IEliqE3 ee3rlieIJd

lo

A3o2 bns IEliq& ee3riieud

lo

bole

11

ii

1ni

3vi113131

imI

i

ci ciriT .QVO.0 01 01.0 rrtoil 1&1iqi r1uor11 113V3

mono3

'(11311011612 3111 ru n&11 1i1iqr1o 1uboiq li$nimm 3d) 111 1113 131f3I 13 3101513111 xsJ3lq 3(11 lxi 111 1siJri1edua eirli ri 11w

nv

13111 v31' .b3runr13ruJ 2(1113(1151 3)131

nivie

(1i 3(11 2321J133 23X131 3mo3r11 Il3nocl3q brin 3iB1Oq1O3 3flflo rIoilErlimuI3 3ff) 11$liql33lo l3ubolq I13rIimm

.V0.0

= — 1 01 p0.0 = —

i

rriiof 3211 01 31131 123131f11 11331 ol r1uor13

'd

cii

ol sii3rl bluow fllVi3

lo

31131 3111 .1ni2i1 moil 31131 123131111 3111 )113v31q oT

lo

3161 123131111 11331 13 rlliw 31d116qmo3 13v31 13 0) 161irt!31o l3ubolq II3niglnrrl xIlI3lq 3111 riwob 3V11b 3161 fIlVJ32

ccoi

3(11 113(11 c3iIqrru 111113112(103 2irlt diivi F3bofn 3111

nivIo2

.0 = = 0 rlliw p0.0 = — 3213313111 1113313q 1 3(11 (113(1) 2231 '1ir1i1e ci

idT

. 11.0= D\tb .3.i 1fI3313q f13V313

'd

3211 )cxim 1od131 9V1133113 3111 213 3)131 31(1132 3(1) 113

wo

Icum bolc 11311q133 3111 jnuildililip3 rut .(2c31o1q

.9n

= ib\9b ci boic lsliqll3 311110 3213313(11 3111 3101313111 briE 11 = lb\9b

9

:io1

lo

31&ni1c 1331ib ii

nibbE

'd

b3ilqrni 3d bluow nEc!) 2231 11r!i!c ci

1.1o

9u113v 3fIT IllrlofIl3rl 3rIT .tivit3ubo1q 111 3211 3(1)

bn

331ot lod13I 3(1110

dIwoi

lo

3161 3(11 0) noiIsi3suq3b c)n3231q51 noillid

81o

Q1

iol rloi)qmucno3 IsliqJs3Io 3113rnu123 1r1uo3313 )3ubrnq briE 3m03111 1n3313q 8.1

lo

316113)13 W31 1n3mo1qm1 .noif In)

0.QIflo

bolc li311q133 113101 311110 1n3313q 1.1113 3801 boh3q 3ffl132 curl)

runub

won 33'o1qm3 13q )uq)uo brrn 21E3'

0

euioiv3iq 3r1)

nnub

lo

noilibno3 rnuiidi1iup 31612 'bE312 3Iqmic c11 'r1w 21102631 \f1Effl 3211J03

lo

3113 31311T .1113313q .3m11 ni rnioq 1113331 13 lz c3uli3v b3vl3cdo

rf

1 01 'i13i3x3 bfIoqc3llo3 Ion 1r1im

V

noilrnip3

(29)

rIi

d

biwoI

won

i

!J1iq&

niaud

no niiibi

xJi1q

r1

ni

bbom

ioia

no

c11 ni

biiupi

kJo

r1i

ni

aini

r11

d

a

Ibw

au

1oi3

aaniaud

rU

o

io1a

fIiaLJOrI

rli

molt !uflqu3 b flida .A301a 11511q133 'to

iui

rIi

ni

aii

i

1n3v31q

o

biiupi

nn

nivua

aoi

di

iii

au'iani

Jrinq

rivb

r{T

1uviiq

in

in-nu

di

'to

tr1n3q

O

luocJu io IUD 'to

rn1q

fl3mixo1qqu 01 1uup

i

119ifli

rnuii

1ui

iri8id

r11

d

bluow

nivua

ni

auini

mI

u cbua 01

1rirrrubni

r1T

.1ui

gnivsa

iin

Iui

rli

8O.O =

i

'to 31E1

1ai1ni

lunirnon 1nE1ano u dliW .xu1 rioiiqrruJanoa

d1

ibriu

1du!iiwu 3rIi

ibnu

O.O ol xu1

mo3ni

di

ibnu

àIO.O — — 1(0-1) molt

aaii

ia131rii 'to

1i

xui

to

r1uon

d

bluow iaI3ir1i1o

iui

Iui

r11 ni

aufii

lnioq

1n331q

i

ir{1r1W .xui noilqmuarlo3 1u3itaitu1a

auq

'to aiaud

r1i

no

mIznu

i

uo

'to in313q

1ui

nivua

tuvi1q r11

aiui

01

th

rsI

lliia bluow xu1 noirqmuano u ol ifiufa

cI

vianoqa1

urU

m

agnivua

aaInU

.rzbiv

.xu1 rnoDfIi

rIi

ibriu

ai ii rwrli

irI8id

1ui

1aini

nmmo

nibubno

.V aiwoi'iod blorbauor{ bnu aaniaud1o aIbom 3lqmia beau aud

iquq

aidl ni aialuru3

dT

x131

iniTtib

iup

ni aio1avni bns awoi-iod 'to

aqt

idio

Iuiva

nu

idt

iiIui

nI .aioiavni brrn Iuliqu3 L1uivo nT{1 ni

1oi

iir{X no

briqb

Iliw

1ui

1ai1ni

r{1 ru

nud3

!EIflu

dT

.arioiirnilia .muiidi1iup 1Amrn bnu iu1oq1o3 r11 nurli 1fli0 1)11Brn IEiiqu3

rft

cii alfu3qi3iilEq

iumi1q

iuo't

iu

irtT

:aia'li3n in1-Iu3

r1i'to

auo't

nd

vud

ludi aio1avni oiloThoq Iduxu1 bns

aiwoiiod

ur1om

uia

bnu

;aioavni

oiloThoq

qmx

xEi ;aio1avni bnu a3wo11od

rIi1o't

;1rirnmovo

Iu-ib't

di

r1t

bnod

aiI

aia1Bnu !uurno't u cii

ad1

ninnoq1o3ni riguoufilA

.aiwonod

1nmmvog

Iu3o1 briB

ui

iaitni

mundiIiup

3rD no

i3'Ib

k1i1

'uirli rio a1n9mmo3't3id rrloa .13qiq in3r1u3 91Db 3qo3a VtOI\tnixcT

References

Related documents