Security Management International

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BWV • BERLINER WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG

Oesten Baller (ed.)

Security Management International

Project Idea and Implementation

Recht, Sicherheit und Verwaltung in internationaler Perspektive

Law, Security and Public Administration

in an International Perspective

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Institut für Verwaltungsmodernisierung und Polizeireform in Mittel- und Osteuropa

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Security Management International

Project Idea and Implementation

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Recht, Sicherheit und Verwaltung in internationaler Perspektive Law, Security and Public Administration

in an International Perspective Herausgegeben von Prof. Dr. Oesten Baller

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Oesten Baller (ed.)

Security Management

International

Project Idea and Implementation

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Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nd.de abrufbar.

ISBN 978-3-8305-2937-8

E-Mail: bwv@bwv-verlag.de · Internet: http://www.bwv-verlag.de Alle Rechte, auch die des Nachdrucks von Auszügen,

der photomechanischen Wiedergabe und der Übersetzung, vorbehalten. Sponsored under a DAAD programme funded by the

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Foreword

Neither security nor risks are issues that could be appropriately considered or exam-ined from within the narrow confines of a single country; crime does not stop at the national borders, but, as a rule, goes on in transnational networks. One of the answers to this problem was that, over the last years, the demand for security services has steadily risen both within Germany and throughout Europe and worldwide. The rapid growth of the security market together with increasing specialism and professional-ism encouraged the Berlin School of Economics and Law to implement the first BA programme in Security Management in Germany: Safeguarding economic and public security requires adequate training for the future leaders in the private security indus-try. The above mentioned scenarios soon gave rise to the idea to create an academic training programme in Security Management with a strong international focus. Dur-ing study tours by teachers and students in Central and South-East Europe and in con-tacts with partner universities from these regions the idea was born to create a concept for an international study year in Security Management: Students are to spend one se-mester at a foreign university and, in the following sese-mester, complete a work place-ment at a relevant foreign company or public authority. The German Academic Ex-change Service (DAAD) generously agreed to support the development of this project with funds allocated from its programme line “BACHELOR PLUS – Programme for the Establishment of Four-Year Bachelor’s Programmes with an Integrated Study Year Abroad”. This book describes the development of the project and its implementation in higher education.

Specifically, it provides information on the underlying basis of the project’s de-velopment and implementation. This includes not only a description of the academic framework and the training profile at HWR Berlin, but also of the module plan for the international semester that was jointly developed by the partners involved. The core of the book is devoted to the academic contributions that were most influential on the ini-tial implementation of the project. Accordingly, most of these contributions are given by scholars who are at present teaching the Programme at HWR. To initiate the 1st semester of Security Management International at HWR Berlin, all partner Universi-ties as well as further international cooperation of Faculty 5 were invited to Security Management International. We were and are glad to start the academic studies at the HWR Berlin on 7 October 2013 with students from the Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Ukraine, Slovenia and Serbia.

Marcel Kuhlmey (p. 79) and Richard Rooke (p. 95) describe the current national and international or, respectively, European perspectives in “Risk Management and Protection of Critical Infrastructures”. Wolfgang Schoneweg’s (p. 57) contribution addresses the postulate for “Intercultural Competence in a Globalised Personal and

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Oesten Baller

Professional Everyday-life”; Oesten Baller (p. 47) discusses dogmatic issues in “Le-gal Powers in the Performance of Tasks of Hazard Defence by Private Security Serv-ices – A Case Study” – altogether an overview of the principles applied to work out the approaches in comparing the relevant legal and systematic issues. In addition, the volume features two essays which provide the academic substrate for the intended elec-tive course module and make clear reference to the big data scandals and the related discussions. Goran Mandić (p. 149) devotes his essay to “Social Engineering and Se-curity of Corporate Resources”, Richard Rooke (p. 121) writes on “The Digital Age: Politics, Society and Security”. All of these authors – to whom I am greatly indebted for their contributions – were delighted by how vividly the international students en-gaged in the discussions.

The success of the training development project is, above all, owed to our interna-tional partners from the Noordelijke Hogeschool Leeuwarden (Business and Manage-ment DepartManage-ment), the University of Belgrade (Faculty of Security Studies), the Uni-versity of Maribor (Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, located in Ljubljana) and FH Campus Vienna (Technology and Management Department). All of these universi-ties have a proven expertise in academic security management training. In the course of the project, colleagues like Jan Brinks (NL), Goran Mandić (SRB), Andrej Sotlar (SLO), Iztok Podbregar (SLO) and Martin Langer (A) have become friends.

On the part of HWR, Mechthild Bonnen, Ina-Geraldine Wüstenhagen, Carola Clauß, Marlies Thierbach, Marie-Luise Glander, Catharina Kühnl, Daniela Heydeck, Nicole Böttcher, Prof. Dr. Hartmut Aden, Prof. Marcel Kuhlmey, Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Kühnel, Dr. Richard Rooke (GB), Wolfgang Schoneweg, Michael Trautmann and Stefan Leh-mann have actively contributed to the success of the project. Language barriers were, as always, overcome with the assistance of Thomas Kleinbub. I would like to express my gratitude to all of them. Our special thanks go to the DAAD which has contributed part of the budget for the project and the present book. The Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag has once more proven its reliability as our publishing partner.

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Content

Foreword 5

Oesten Baller

Programme Description – The Co-operation Project

“Security Management International” 9

Oesten Baller, Mechthild Bonnen, Marcel Kuhlmey

Higher Education in Security Management

at the Berlin School of Economics and Law 15 Oesten Baller

Module Catalogue

Co-operation Project “Security Management International” 25

Legal Powers in the Performance of Tasks of Hazard Defence

by Private Security Services – A Case Study 47 Oesten Baller

Intercultural Competence in a Globalised Personal

and Professional Everyday-life 57

Wolfgang Schoneweg

Risk Management – An Overview 79

Marcel Kuhlmey

Protection of Critical Infrastructure from an International Perspective 95 Richard Rooke

The Digital Age: Politics, Society and Security 121 Richard Rooke

Social Engineering and Security of Corporate Resources 149 Goran J. Mandić

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Programme Description – The Co-operation Project

“Security Management International”

Oesten Baller, Mechthild Bonnen, Marcel Kuhlmey

Project Background

The Co-operation Project “Security Management International” arose from the neces-sity to internationalise the existing study programme on Security Management, which, up to that point, had oriented within a predominantly national environment. It is jointly run at the Berlin School of Economics and Law (HWR) by Department 5 – Police and Security Management – and the Institute for Co-operation with Central and Eastern European Countries in Public Reform (IMO).

The Institute for Co-operation with Central and Eastern European Countries in Pub-lic Reform (IMO) has been established in spring 2008. As a central institute it is an interdisciplinary centre of competence for development and advisory projects as well as for the organisation and the carrying out of international further training courses. In this capacity it plays an important role for HWR‘s Internationalisation Strategy in the area of promoting scientific exchange and student and teaching staff mobility. At present, the Department of Police and Security Management hosts 930 students in the Bachelor degree programmes on Police Studies and Security Management. The Dis-tance Learning Institute offers a Master’s degree programmeon Security Management (MSM) and a Certificate of Security Management Public Transport (SECMAPT).

Along with its higher education development goals, the project equally addresses specific vocational areas. As the pace of privatisation in the security sector continues to speed up, industrial and commercial security has now become a significant factor in marketing. In Germany alone, sales amounted to EUR 10.25 billion in 2007. The rapid growth of the security market together with increasing specialism and professionalism encouraged HWR to implement a BA programme in Security Management. Increas-ing job diversification created ever new requirements for staff qualification, whilst ap-propriate training offers remained unavailable. With this programme now established and well accepted and acknowledged both by students and the markets, our main ob-jective is to promote its internationalisation.

The Project applied for aims to promote the internationalisation of existing study programmes in Security Management by establishing an internationally oriented com-plementary degree programme in International Security Management. Mobility will be mandatory for students, which will thus provide them the opportunity to develop the firm international profile, required for successful transition into an internationally

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formed and oriented occupational environment. The partner universities have two op-tions: either to integrate complementary study courses into existing degree programmes or to establish parallel international degree programmes.

The Partner Universities of the Project

Noordelijke Hogeschool Leeuwarden, the University of Belgrade, the University of Maribor and FH Campus Vienna are the partner universities of HWR Berlin in deve-loping the project in a friendly, cooperative and communicative way.

HWR has good experience in developing and carrying out both international study programmes (three double degrees and two joint degrees) and European projects, e.g. one Tempus-project (MBA Health Care Management, partnered by the People‘s Friendship University of Russia) and one GTZ-project in Kiev (development and im-plementation of an MPA programme at the National Academy of Public Administra-tion). Since more than 15 years HWR chairs the Forum of German and Polish Admin-istrative Universities.

Noordelijke Hogeschool Leeuwarden is a university of applied sciences with ap-proximately 10,000 students in four institutes (Healthcare and Welfare, Technology, Education and Communication and Business and Management Studies). Together the institutes offer about 50 Bachelor’s degree programmes. The study programme “Inte-grale Veiligheid“ (Inte“Inte-grale Security) is part of the Faculty of Business and Manage-ment Studies.

The University of Belgrade is a state university. The University of Belgrade com-prises 31 faculties, 11 research institutes, a University Library and 7 university cen-ters. Besides its integrative function, the University of Belgrade has a certain number of legally defined responsibilities, which are primarily focussed on criteria standard-isation and quality assurance. The Department of Security Management is integrated within the Department of Social Sciences and Humanities. In addition to a Bachelor‘s degree, it has an MA and a PhD programme.

In Slovenia, the University of Maribor Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, lo-cated in Ljubljana, in 2008/2009 implemented two new Bachelor programmes strongly linked to Safety and Security Management (Criminal Justice and Security [Security and Police Work] and Criminal Justice and Security B. A.). It is the very regional con-nection between these partner universities that lets us expect considerable synergy and should positively impact on other countries in Central and South-East Europe.

FH Campus Vienna is a state-of-the-art university of applied sciences which com-prises four departments (Technology and Management, Public Management, Health Care, and Social Work). The Technology and Management Department includes a part-time Bachelor programme in Integrated Safety and Security Management.

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Programme Description – The Co-operation Project “Security Management International”

Between HWR and the aforementioned partner universities co-operation relation-ships have been established or are in the process of development. Erasmus agreements exist between HWR and the universities Maribor and Leeuwarden and co-operating agreements with the University of Belgrade and the partners.

Project Approach and Organisation

At HWR Berlin, the existing degree programme in Security Management will be con-tinued within the framework of basic studies. After 4 semesters, students can opt either for deepening their knowledge in a two-semester complementary international study course or to complete their studies as usual after seven semesters. At the same time, foreign students from the partner HEI will have the opportunity to study at HWR Ber-lin. As an incentive, students will be offered internationalisation of their degree plus a credit point increase from 210 to 240 ECTS, which can be counted towards continu-ing Master’s programmes. This will, as the case may be, enable students to reduce the term of master’s study by one year.

As mentioned above, students in the integrated study programme will first com-plete four semesters of basic studies. This will be a starting point for students to deepen their knowledge in Risk Analysis abroad, in the context of the European Union. The courses will be held in English; therefore students will attend a mandatory foreign lan-guage module. An additional objective is to improve the student‘s intercultural com-petence and conflict management skills as well as their knowledge of the legal and economic framework for companies and services in the security industry on national and international level.

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Overview of the Planned Study Course/Integrated Approach

Students in Security Management – Maintaining the existing study direction and course structure – 7 semesters Students in Security Management International – Profiled professional competences

– Excellent command of English – Basic knowledge of another

foreign language – 8 semesters

– 30 additional credits (countable towards Master‘s programme)

Degree students from foreign

universities spending

their year abroad in Berlin at HWR

1st semester

– Uniform basic studies from 1st to 3rd semester inclusively

– 4th semester: special preparation for work placement or, respectively, year abroad

– Differentiation of course offers (internationality) – Anglophone course offers

– English for German students, German for foreign students 2nd semester 3rd semester 4th semester 5th semester Maintaining the existing study format One-semester at a foreign university (Security Management or related studies)

One-semester study at HWR

6th semester

Work placement abroad, at least 6 months Work placement in Germany, at least 6 months 7th semester – Completion of study, maintaining the existing study format

– Students returning from their year abroad will file into the expanded (as compared to the current curriculum) course offers in semesters 7 and 6. 8th

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Programme Description – The Co-operation Project “Security Management International”

Project Advantages and Benefits

As the European Union develops and globalisation grows, companies no longer con-fine their activities to their home country, but strive to expand globally. Therefore, in cases of product blackmail, violation of intellectual property rights or criminal threat, company security officers will have to safeguard the security of their company not only at home, but also abroad. In addition, European approximation in commercial security service procedures has made it possible that, since 1 January 2009, commercial secu-rity services can be offered and rendered across the borders of the EU member states. To meet the challenges of this trend, the future leaders of the industry need to be pre-pared accordingly, which requires imparting specific skills and knowledge as in the fol-lowing curriculum. Such skills and knowledge, however, must be gained in situ, i.e., at the respective partner university, in order to achieve sustainable results. This has the advantage that practical lectures in connection with work-placements in companies or public agencies in situ may stimulate application and realisation of taught content.

Project duration, objectives and activities: The first project period was devoted to internationalising the programme. At several working meetings a standard format for the modules of the degree programme in Security Management International was pre-pared, so that the lectures to be held in semesters 5 and 6 will be structurally identical and differ only in their county-specific module contents. The objectives to be achieved include the following:

• Promoting student mobility;

• Improving the command of foreign languages, especially of technical Eng-lish;

• Internationalising security knowledge, and • Sharpening student profiles.

Partner Meetings and Partner Conference

The Kick-off Meeting for the programme took place in Vienna, Austria, from 31 May to 1 June 2010. The Partners presented the main ideas of the project, proposed modules and discussed their integration into the running study programme. Furthermore, they talked about the Project schedule, working plans and the next steps.

From 25 through 28 October, a second conference was held in Berlin at HWR Ber-lin, Campus Lichtenberg. The partners elaborated on the Modules as well as on the general project coordination, and deadlines were defined.

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The third meeting was held at the HWR Berlin, Campus Lichtenberg as well, from 29 August to 30 August 2011. New partners were introduced and the status of the pro-gramme was discussed. Other topics included the organisation of work placement and the study semester.

In autumn 2012 Marcel Kuhlmey, Dean of the Department of Police and Secu-rity Management, visited to the NHL Leeuwarden, Netherlands, to concretise the pro-gramme and possible work placements.

From 30 October until 1 November 2012, a meeting took place at the University of Belgrade, Serbia and later on 11 December 2012 at the University of Maribor, Slove-nia. The main results of the meetings were that both partners are still interested in co-operating with the project network, but due to unforeseeable circumstances both par-ties will not be able to offer the study semester for incoming students in the winter se-mester 2013/14.

The project partners discussed possible solutions to the problems. In winter semes-ter 2013/14 HWR Berlin will welcome the first incoming students in Security Man-agement International and the first students of HWR will go abroad.

In 2013 other interested partners were contacted and the preparation of the inter-national year was started. To initiate the 1st semester of Security Management Inter-national at HWR Berlin, all partner Universities as well as further interInter-national coop-eration of Faculty 5 were invited to Security Management International. We are glad to start the academic studies at the HWR Berlin on 7 October with students from the Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Ukraine, Slovenia and Serbia.

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Higher Education in Security Management

at the Berlin School of Economics and Law

Oesten Baller

Introduction

The Berlin School of Economics and Law (BSEL)1 _{was founded on 1 April 2009}

through the merger of the Berlin School of Economics (BSE) and the FHVR Berlin, a university of applied sciences for administration and law. The BSEL is one of the largest Universities of Applied Sciences in the city of Berlin. It can leverage over 30 years of expertise and experience from both former Universities, each widely recog-nised as expert in their own fields. The University has an academic staff of approxi-mately 200 professors and 840 lecturers, plus nearly 275 research and administrative personnel, committed to realising these goals. The BSEL now comprises three Central Institutes and five Faculties offering courses in private and public sector business ad-ministration, economics and adad-ministration, as well as law and security management. With over 9700 students, the BSEL (in German: HWR Berlin) is set to become a lead-ing tertiary-level institution dedicated to private and public management.

The Department of Police and Security Management (Department 5)2_{offers a range}

of programmes for public, municipal and private sector security. Since 1973 this de-partment (formerly: 3rd Dede-partment of FHVR) has been in charge of academic edu-cation of inspector candidates for the police and criminal investigation services of the Land Berlin. A successfully completed police management degree (a BA from winter semester 2009/10) provides the basic entry requirement for higher career levels in the Berlin Police Force. For the post-graduate Police Management course (Master of Pub-lic Administration) required for the administrative grades, the University cooperates with the German Police Academy (DHPol) and the Police Management University of Applied Sciences in Brandenburg (FHPol). A BA in Security Management provides the skills needed for management positions in industrial, operational and municipal se-curity. It was the only course of its kind in Germany. A Security Management Master (MSM), a post-graduate distance learning programme, has been launched in the winter semester 2010/11. The latter two of the aforementioned courses immediately relate to the main subject Security and are presented in the following in more detail against the background of the rapid economic and political change in Germany and beyond. This

1 The subsequent information is taken from http://www hwr-berlin.de/en/about-us/. 2 The subsequent information is taken from http://www hwr-berlin.de/en/

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essay concludes with a deeper look at current efforts to make the degree courses more attractive by embedding them in international cooperation and thus enabling students to qualify for opportunities in a European and global environment.

Preconditions and Background

Over the last years, the demand for security services has steadily risen both within Germany and throughout Europe3 _{and worldwide}4_{. As state tasks have been}

re-de-fined, the private service sector has been increasingly involved in solving public rity problems, while the company sector is now also giving far greater weight to secu-rity concerns5_{. As the European Union develops and globalisation grows, companies}

no longer confine their activities to their home country, but strive to expand globally. Internationalisation has become an issue in the development of areas of activity in the industrial and commercial security sectors, which apparently follows the same trends as in the public sector. Crime does not stop at the national borders, but, as a rule, goes on in transnational networks. Product piracy, abduction, product blackmail and their prevention, or sports events, such as European or World soccer championships, usu-ally hit more than one country in the EU. Safeguarding economic and public security requires adequate training for the future leaders in the private security industry. This means that their education must be internationally oriented. They must both acquire intercultural and linguistic competences and be enabled to experience and study the security architectures in other European countries. In addition, European approxima-tion in commercial security service procedures has made it possible that, since 1 Jan-uary, 2009, commercial security services can be offered and rendered across the bor-ders of the EU member states. To meet the challenges of this trend, the future leabor-ders

3 See http://www.coess.org/_Uploads/dbsAttachedFiles/Private_Security_Services_in_Eu-rope-CoESS_Facts_and_Figures_2011%281%29.pdf; Stefan Oeter/Rolf Stober (Hrsg.), Sicherheitsgewerberecht in Europa [Security Trade Law in Europe], Carl Heymanns Ver-lag KG Köln, Berlin, München, 2003; for the historic development in Britain see Adam White, The Politics of Private Security. Regulation, Reform and Re-Legitimation, Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

4 See Rita Abrahamsen/Michael C. Williams, Security Beyond the State. Private Security in International Politics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, 2011. 5 For general information on the current discourse see Andreas Peilert/Martin

Müller/Win-fried Klutz (Hrsg.), Aktuelle sicherheitsrechtliche Fragen zwischen staatlicher und privater Aufgabenerfüllung [Current Security Law-Related Issues in Areas of Public and Private Task Performance], Carl Heymanns Verlag, Köln, 2010; Rudolf Adam/Rolf Stober (Hrsg.), Privatisierung im Sicherheitssektor [Privatisation in the Security Sector], Carl Heymanns Verlag, Köln, 2009, as well as the individual contributions to the two volumes.