LEGENDS TO PLATES.

- 483 -

LEGENDS TO PLATES.

Introduction.

The plates are electron micrographs illustrating the micromorphology and anatomy of specimens of seeds of species of the Vicieae.

The specimens were (i) _whole fresh seeds mounted to show the hilum _and lateral _{surfaces of} the testa; (ii) half fresh _seeds, bisected _{transversely across} the hilum,

mounted to show the cut surface of the cotyledons, the hilum in _{transverse plane and the component cell} layers

of the testa in longitudinal plane; (iii) charred seeds and half seeds, and seed fragments of both modern origin

and of archaeological provenance; mounted as in (i) and (ii) _{above, and as} described _above in _{Vol. 1 section}

3.3.2.

Specimens _{were gold-coated} to _{a depth of} 30 to 40 nm. and scanned with a PSEM500 or JEOL 35 SEM at accelerating

voltages between 12 and 25 kV, using magnifications

ranging from x12 to x10,000, as described above in Vol.! section 3.3.2.

Photographs _were taken _{on 35mm PanF and} RP5 film, _and

developed _{with perceptol and} ID11 developers

respectively. They were-ted on Kodak paper.

B

- 484 -

The _{genera are arranged} in _th, sequence, with their species

Following _{a brief glossary of} legends, _{Table 20 lists the} their Plate _numbers (which _also

chapter 4).

e conventional taxonomic in _{alphabetical order.}

the _{terms used} in _the species illustrated _with appears as Table 8 in

Glossary _{of Terms}

Adjacent _{to the hilum}

Midseed

Opposite _the hilum

Within 1 hilum _{width of, and} lateral _{to the} hilum.

Lateral _to the hilum, _{on the} flank _{of the seed.}

- 485 -

Table

Q.

List

f

Plates.

Plate Number Facing Page Number

1. Vicia bithynica 489

2. to of 490

3. V. cracca _cracca 491

4. it _It 492

5. V. ervilia 493

6. _{of of} 494

7. _{it to} 495

8. V. faba 496

9. 497

10. 498

11. V. _ute 499

12. of 500

13. V. melanomas 501

14.01 91 502

15. V. narbonensis 503

16. If of 504

17. y. _noeana 505

18. of of 506

19.1. _orobus 507

20. 508

21. y. oerearina 509

22.

It

of

23. 511

24.1. _{sativa n ara} 512

- 486 -

26. V. sativa sativa 514

27. of of 515

28. to to 516

29. V. sativa satte lentisverma 517

30. V. seDium 518

31. of it 519

32. V. svlvatica 520

33. If _Of 521

34. V. tetrasperma 522

35. _{of of} 523

36. V. villosa var' 524

37. of if 525

38. _{en culinaris} 526

39. Is it 527

40. It of 528

41. k. _ervoides 529

42. of of 530

43. k. niaricans 531

44. to 911 532

45.1L. _odemensis 533

46. if to 534

47. k. _orientalis 535

48. of of 536

49. Lathvrus _annuus 537

50. If of 538

51. k. gphaga

539

52.

540

- 487 -

54. L. _cicera

55. It

56. L. _clvmenum

57. "

58. of

59. L. _goraoni

60. L. heterophvllus

61. of _If

62. L. hirsutus

63. _to

64. L. inconsDicuus 65.

66.1L. laxiflorus

67.1L. _{niaer nicer}

68. of

69.1L. _nissolia

70. if

71. L. _ochrus

72. to it

73. L. _pratensis

74. " to

75.1, x,. pseudocicera 76. k. _sativus

77. to of

78.1L. _svlvestris

79. It to

80. k. tuberosus 81. MM

- 488 -

82. Pisum _{sativum elatius} 570

83.91 ₅₇₁

84. isu _{sativum sativum arvense} 572

85. It it to of 573

86. P. sativum at vu sativum 574

87. to it " to 575

88. V c'a _{e v' , archaeological} 576

89. _{sum sativum ets 577}

90. _{is 578}

91. P. sativum sativum arvense " 579

92. Lens _{cf. culinaris and Vicieae species} " 580

93. 581

94. Pisum _{sativum elatius} 582

95. Vicia faba 583

96. Lathvrus _sativus 584

- 489 -

Vida bithvnica Plate 1

Figure Scale

1.

_{Whole seed of subrectangular}

_shape:

1 mm.

2. Hilum _{of oval shape:} 300 pm.

3. Micropyle _{of oval shape:} 200 um.

4. Testa _{surface showing papillose palisade cells} with areas of compression obscuring the

patterning: 50 pm.

5. Papillose tes ta _{surface adjacent} to the hilum: 10 pm.

6.

Detail

_{of 5:}

5 um.

7. Papillose tes ta _surface from the _area lateral

to the hilum: 10 pin.

2

3

5

4

6

- 490 -

Via bithynica _{Plate 2}

Figure _Scale

1. Hilum, transverse _{surface: 300 pm.}

2. Tracheid bar, transverse _{surface, showing} 7

tracheoids _occupying the _{width: 100 pm.}

3. _{Tracheoids with pits of even} distribution

and variable shape: 30 pm.

4. Tracheoid _{pits of oval shape with plain} borders

and warts: 5 pm.

5. _{Tracheoid pits, round} in _{shape with predominantly} warty borders and slit-shaped _apertures, same

specimen as in Figure 4: 5 pm.

6. Testa _adjacent to the hilum, _{transverse surface}

showing long hourglass _{cells and thick} parenchyma

remnant layer confluent _with the _aerenchyma: 100 pm. 7. Testa _{at midseed,} transverse _{surface showing very}

short hourglass cells and thick remnant layer: 50 Nm.

8. Testa _opposite the hilum, transverse _surface

1

3

' il

" l+- rw f de, t\%.

ýý

N

10 f '. "

'% _.,. ý

A ý

P a»0 AP

5

2

4

- ý.

1

6

- 491 -

Vicia

_cracca

_cracca

Figure Scale

1. Whole _{seed of subspherical shape with} linear

hilum: _{500 pm.}

2. Micropyle, _oval in _shape: 50 pm.

3. Testa _{surface adjacent} to the hilum, _showing

papillose palisade cells: 10 pm.

4. Testa _{surface at midseed, showing papillose}

palisade cells: 10 pm.

5. Testa _{surface at midseed, second specimen of}

same population as in Figure 4, showing lower

and broader papillae: 10 pm.

6. _{Testa surface of specimen as in} Figure 5, adjacent to the micropyle, showing ridge

outlining palisade cell walls: 10 pm.

7. Testa _{surface adjacent to} the hilum, third

specimen of same population as in Figures 4,5,

6 showing flattened _{papillae, and ridged cell}

walls: 10 pm.

8. Testa _{surface at midseed, of} fourth specimen

of same population as 4,5,6,7 showing localised

variations in cell topography: 10 pm.

9. Palisade _cell layers in _oblique view, showing

a deposit

overlying

the papillose

testa

2

3

5

4

6

r ,, ý,

- 492 -

Vicia _{cracca cracca Plate 4}

Figure _Scale

1. Seed bisected _{by pressure} fracture _{to show}

transverse _{surface of} hilum: _{500 pm.}

2. _{Hilum, transverse surface: 200 pm.}

3. _{Tracheid bar, transverse surface, showing 3}

tracheoids _{occupying the width of the bar: 50 pm.} 4. _{Tracheoid pits, of uneven,} irregular

distribution, _{oval and circular in shape,}

with round and oval apertures: 5 pm.

5. _{Tracheoid pits of round and oval shape, with} oval apertures and plain borders, _{warts and}

vesture*: _{3 um.}

6. Tracheoid _{pits, same specimen as 5, showing}

elaborate vesturing: _{3 pm.}

7. Testa, longitudinal _{surface adjacent to the}

hilum _with long hourglass _{cells: 50 um.}

8. Testa, longitudinal _{surface midseed with short}

hourglass _{cells: 30 pm.}

9. Testa, longitudnal _{surface opposite} the hilum,

1

3

0

I

5

2

4

6

ý,

789

1

- 493 -

vicia _ervilia

Figure

1. Whole _{seed of angular shape:} 2. Hilum _{of oval shape:}

3. Triangular _micropyle:

4. Papillose testa _{surface, adjacent} to the hilum:

5. _{Detail of testa as in} Figure 4:

6. Papillose testa _{surface, at midseed:} 7. _{Detail of} testa _{as in} Figure 6:

8. Testa _{surface midseed on specimen} from _second population, showing reduced papillae:

Plate 5

Scale

1 mm.

300 _um. 30 um.

10 um. 5 µm.

10 um. 5 um.

2

3

5

7

4

6

8

IV

ý--I..

- 494 -

Vicia

_ervilia

_Plate

₆

Figure _Scale

1. Seed bisected by pressure fracture _across

hilum: _{1 mm.}

2. Hilum, transverse _{surface: 200 pr.}

3. Tracheid bar, transverse _{surface, showing} 6

tracheoids _occupying the _{width of} the bar: _{50 am.} 4. Tracheoid _{pits, subrectangular} in _{shape with}

plain borders: 3 pm.

5. Tracheoid _{pits, round, oval and sl it} in _shape with warts and small vestures, _{same specimen}

as 4: 3 µm.

6. Testa, longitudinal _{surface adjacent to the}

hilum: _{50 µm.}

7. Testa, longitudinal _{surface at midseed: 30 um.}

1

3

ORM

5

2

r

P

6

'; ý r ýi_.

_ý -,

ý:

_ýý , ýý,,

78

iýlIh

- 495 -

Plate ₇

Figure _Scale

1. Whole _{seed, charred} 2 hrs. 300°C: _{1 mm.}

2. _{Whole seed, charred} 2 hrs. 240°C: _{1 mm.}

3. Bisected _{seed, charred} 2 hrs. 300°C, _showing

loss _of hilum _{and most of testa: 1 mm.}

4. Hilum _{on seed charred} 2 hrs. 300°C, _showing

testa _{cracking around perimeter of hilum: 200 pm.} 5. Cotyledon _{parenchyma, showing vacuolation of}

cells after charring 2 hrs. 300°C, _with

fusion _of together _{of the cotyledons across}

the _{epidermis: 50 µm.}

6. Testa _{surface adjacent to the hilum, seed}

charred 2 hrs. 300°C, _{showing shrinkage of}

papillae with removal of tips of some papillae: 5 pm. 7. Testa _{surface at midseed, seed charred} 2 hrs.

240°C, _{showing relatively little change due to}

charring (cf. Plate 5, Fig. 7 ): 5 Nm.

8. Testa longitudinal _{surface adjacent} to the hilum in _{seed charred} 2 hrs. 300°C, _showing little _{shrinkage of cells}

(cf. _Plate 3, Fig. 9 below ): _{50 pm.}

9. _Testa longitudinal _{surface adjacent} to the hilum

23

4

6

I

fr

5

7

V

, t,

44

- 496 -

ᄪk$

Figure _Scale

1. Whole _{seed, var minor, with wedge-shaped}

hilum: _{1 mm.}

2. Micropyle, _{slit shaped: 100 am.}

3. Testa _{surface showing undulations and low}

domed palisade cell surface: 100 um.

4. _{Testa surface at midseed, showing} few features

on palisade surface: 10 um.

5. _{Testa surface adjacent} to the hilum _{of seed from} second population, showing slight _{ridging around}

cell walls: 10 pm.

6. Testa _{surface adjacent} to the hilum _{of var.}

Dauciluoa

similar

to that

in var.

minor (Plate 8, Figure 5 above ): 10 pm.

7. Testa _{surface, at midseed of var. oauciiuaa} similar to that in var. minor (Plate 8,

Figure _{4 above):} 10 pm.

8. Testa _{surface at midseed, showing reticulate}

pattern of palisade cells, second specimen of

2

3

5

4

6

- 497 -

Vida Li _{Plate 9}

Figure _Scale

1. _{Hilum, transverse surface, showing slightly}

sunken surface: 500 pm.

2. _Tracheid bar, _{transverse surface, showing large} tracheid bar _{occupying most of the} hilar depth,

with 10 tracheoids across the width: 300 µm.

3. Tracheoid _{pits with even regular} distribution: _{50 PM.}

4. Tracheoid _{pits of alit shape with vestures: 5 pm.} 5. Tracheoid _{pits, round and subrectangular} in _shape

with plain borders, warts _{and vestures: 5 pm.}

6. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, adjacent to the} hilum, _showing long hourglass _{cells and thick}

remnant layer: 100 µm.

7. Testa, in _{var. oauciiuaa,} longitudinal

surface opposite the hilum, showing thick

remnant layer containing vascular tissue: 30 µa.

8. Testa, in _{var. uauciluca,} longitudinal

surface adjacent to the hilum, showing features similar to those in var. minor (Plate 9,

1ý

1

3

A

ýº

-s-

4

I

6

- 498 -

Vicia lAbä Plate 10

Figure Scale

1. Tracheid bar, transverse _surface: 50 µm.

2. Tracheid bar, transverse _surface in _specimen charred 2 hrs. 3000C, showing some distortion

of most tissues, but little change in overall

dimensions:

50 pm.

3. _{Tracheoid pits, oval} in _{shape with plain}

borders: _{5 µm.}

4. _{Tracheoid pits} in _{specimen charred} 2 hrs, 300*C showing little change from fresh state (cf. Plate

10, Figure 3, above ): 10 pm.

5. Tracheoid _{pits, showing small warts and}

vestures: 5 pm.

6. Tracheoid _{pits, showing small warts and vestures}

in _{specimen charred} 2 hrs. 300*C: 2 pm.

7. Testa, longitudinal _surface, at midseed: 30 pm.

8. Testa, longitudinal surface, in specimen charred 2 hrs. 30Ö C from _{same population} as that _shown

1

lqw

3

k' A 111 W-.

_k

_4,

_-0

'IV 0

5

r. J _-

2

Zlb

4h

..

''

a,

4

-- _.S

ý ý. _i

i.

6

1,

- 499 -

Vic ia _{lute a Plate 11}

Figure _Scale

1. Hilum: _{500 pm.}

2. _{Micropyle: 20 pm.}

3. Testa _{surface at midseed: 50 pm.}

4. Testa _{surface at midseed: 30 µm.}

5. Testa _{surface at midseed: 20 um.}

6. Testa _{surface at midseed: 10 pm.}

7. Testa _{surface adjacent} to the lens: _{3 um.}

2

3

5

4

6

- 500 -

Vicia lutea Plate 12

Fig ure Scal e

1. Hilum, transverse _{surface: 200 um.}

2. Tracheid bar, transverse _surface: 50 pm.

3. Tracheoids: 10 pm.

4. Tracheoid _pits: 3 pm.

5. Palisade _cells in longitudinal _surface: 10 pm.

6. Testa in longitudinal _{surface, adjacent} to

the hilum: 100 um.

7. Testa in longitudinal _{surface, at midseed:} 100 um. 8. Testa in longitudinal _{surface, opposite}

the hilum: 100 _un.

1

J

3

7

2

"``ý

4

6

8

l.

- 501 -

Vicia

_melanocs

_Plate

₁₃

Figure Scale

1. Whole _seed, fresh: _{1 mm.}

2. Whole _{seed, charred} 2 hrs. 3000: _{1 mm.}

3. _Hilum, from fresh _{seed: 300 Wn.}

4. Hilum, from _{seed charred} 2 hrs. 300'C: _{300 Um.} 5. Testa _{surface, adjacent} to the hilum, in

fresh _{seed: 5 um.}

6. Testa _{surface, adjacent} to the hilum, in

seed charred 2 hrs. 300OC: 5 pa.

7. Testa _{surface, at midseed,} in fresh _{seed: 10 Um.} 8. Testa _{surface, at midseed,} in _{seed charred}

3

5

7

2

4

6

ý<

- 502 -

Vicia _melanons Plate ₁₄

Figure Scale

1. Hilum, transverse _{surface: 200 pm.}

2. Tracheid bar, tranvserse _{surface: 50 pm.}

3. Tracheoid _{pits: 5 pm.}

4. Tracheoid _{pits: 5 pm,}

5. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, adjacent} to the

hilum: _{50 pm.}

6. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, at midseed: 20 um.}

7. Testa, longitudinal _surface, in _{seed charred}

2 hrs. 300' C: _{20 um.}

8. Cotyledon tissue, in _{seed charred} 2 hrs. 306C: _{200 pm.}

ý1'

'.. i a . ýý `'

1

3

5

I4

2

IF

49

Ito

r+

elk

40

1

pis"wo

4

6

T"

- 503 -

Vicia _{narbonensis Plate 15}

Figure _Scale

1. Whole _{seed of subrectangular shape: 1 mm.}

2. Short, broad hilum: _{500 pm.}

3. Slit-shaped _{micropyle: 50 pa.}

4. Testa _{surface, adjacent to the hilum, showing}

papillose palisade cells: 10 pm.

5. Testa _{surface, at midseed, showing papillose}

palisade cells in oblique view: 10 Pa.

6. Testa _{surface, at midseed, showing papillose}

palisade cells in plane _{view: 10 Pa.}

7. Surface _{of embryo with} testa _{removed, showing}

end of cotyledon petiole: 200 }us.

8. _{End of cotyledon petiole, detail of}

-

-46j;

wý: ý

3

5

tea.

lip"

7

2

4

6

- 504 -

Vicia _narbonensis Plate ₁₆

Figure

Scale

1. Hilum, transverse _{surface: 200 pm.}

2. Hilum, transverse _surface in _{seed charred}

2 hrs. 300*C: _{200 pm.}

3. Slit-shaped tracheoid _{pits with warts and}

vestures in tracheoid with helical thickening: 5 }us, 4. Tracheoids in _{seed charred} 2 hrs. 30e C, showing

pits without vestures or warts: 10 Uq.

5. Oval tracheoid _{pits with small warts: 3 p}

6. Round, _{oval and slit-shaped tracheoid pits with}

plain borders in seed charred 2 hrs. 300' C: 5 µs. 7. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, adjacent to}

the hilum: _{100 am.}

8. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, at midseed: 50 Uft.}

9. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, adjacent} to the

hilum in _{seed charred} 2 hrs. 300 C: _{100 Us.}

10. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, at midseed,} in

seed charred 2 hrs. 300*C: 50 Uft.

1

logisw

. 410

i

0' dow, '00, ow AOW AO

or _1000, Ao'

Ae

Is

3

5

78

2

ýý "-

'or r-o _in

%;

>zý

_aop

+. r- _{fir.. _....} ýM' '' _..

4

"

low

qmw

6

'ý 1

t.

ýj

%

9

₁₀

1

r ',

- 505 -

Vc _noeana Plate ₁₇

Figure Scale

1. Whole _{seed: 1 mm.}

2. Hilum: 300 µm.

3. Microp _yle: 50 pm.

4. Testa _{surface adjacent} to the hilum: 20 µm.

5. Testa _{surface, same field as Figure} 4 above: 5 pm. 6. Testa _{surface adjacent} to the hilum, different

field from Figures 4 and 5 above: _{5 pm.}

7. Testa _{at midseed:} 20 µm.

2

3

5

4

6

- 506 -

yea _{noeana Plate 18}

Figure Scale

1. Seed bisected _across hilum: _{1 mm.}

2. Hilum, transverse _{su rface: 200 pm.}

3. Tracheid bar, _{transverse surface: 50 M.}

4. Tracheoids: _{30 UTA.}

5. Tracheoid _{pits: 3 µm.}

6. Tracheoid _{pits: 3 um.}

7. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, adjacent} to the

hilum: _{50 um.}

8. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, at midseed: 50 p,}

9. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, opposite} to the

hilum: _{50 pm.}

rý

1

3

5

,. : eýý

7

2

4

ý%

A

i

q.. mw

89

- 507 -

yiclaQrobus Plate 19

Figure Scale

1. Whole _{seed, subspherical} in _{shape, with} linear

hilum: 1 mm.

2. Testa _{surface, adjacent} to the hilum, _oblique

view, showing papillose palisade cells: 10 pa.

3. Detail _of Figure 2 above, _{showing palisade cell}

papillae joined by low ridges: 3 µa.

4. Testa _{surface, at midseed showing ridges outlini ng}

some palisade cell walls: 10 Pa,

5. Detail _of Figure 4 above: 3 }j=.

6. Testa _{surface at midseed,} different field from

Figures

4 and 5 above,

_showing

_variation

in

pattering of palisade cells: 10 Pa,

7. Detail _of testa _{surface, same field as in}

2

4

3

5

- 508 -

Vicia _{orobue Plate 20}

Figure Scale

1. Hilum, transverse _surface: 200 pa.

2. Tracheid bar, transverse _{surface, showing} 5

tracheoids _across the _{width of} the tracheid bar

and unevenly distributed pits: 50 µm.

3. Tracheoid _{pits showing plain and ornamented}

borders: _{10 µa.}

4. Elaborately _vestured tracheoid _pits: 3 pa.

5. Testa, longitudinal _{surface adjacent} to the

hilum: _{50 pa.}

6. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, opposite} the hilum

with thick remnant layer: 50 pa.

7. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, at midseed:} 20 µm,

8. Hourglass _cell, longitudinal _{surface, showing}

1

toes

3

5

2

. '-,, 7; '

-- .ý

4

l, ý

iý

6

- 509 -

Vicia _cerearina Plate 21

Figure Scale

1. Whole _{seed, subspherical} in shape: 1 mm.

2. Wedge-shaped hilum: 300 µ*.

3. Slit-shaped _micropyle: 20 Un.

4. Testa _{surface adjacent} to the hilum, showing

papillose palisade cells: 5 Pep.

5. Testa _{surface at midseed, showing acutely}

papillose palisade cells: 5 Pa.

6. Testa _{surface adjacent} to the hilum, _seed from

second population similar to that in Figure 4: 5 ita. 7. Testa _{surface at midseed of same specimen as in}

Figure 6, _showing deposit _{overlying papillae: 10 Pa.} 8. Testa _{surface at midseed of same specimen as in}

Figure 4, _{showing very} th ick deposit _overlying

papillae: 10 µa.

9. Testa _{surface at midseed of specimen} from third

population, showing pits: 50 }ks.

1

3

5

7

2

4

6

- 510 -

Vicia _Derearina Plate

₂₂

Figure Scale

1. Seed bisected transversely _across hilum: _{1 mm.} 2. Hilum, transverse _surface: 200 _pm. 3. Tracheid bar, transverse _{surface, showing} 7

tracheoids _occupying the _width: 100 µm.

4. Pits in tracheoid, _oval in _{shape with slit-} shaped apertures and slightly warty borders:

5. Tracheoid _with thickened _{malls and slightly} warty pit borders:

6. Tracheoid from _{same specimen as in} Figure 5, with round pits, with warts and small vestures:

7. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, adjacent} to the hilum:

8. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, at midseed:}

9. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, opposite} the hilum:

5 pa.

3 Via.

3 µm.

30 pa.

20 pm.

1

3

MOW

:. 3. ' lb

Ammill- amow e%

5

_ {r "

2

INN

A"-

- _ýý

'nom'

.ýi 1--

or . avalb , woccolp, r ". ow

-

alsonn- _{da-w- dop}

4

-- --r

- 511 -

Vicia _oerearina Plate ₂₃

Figure Scale

1. Seed bisected transversely _across hilum,

showing "hollow heart": 1 mm.

2. Hilum, transverse _surface, in _seed from 2nd. population, showing slight variation in

profile: 200 µm.

3. Tracheoids _viewed through hilar _{slit, showing}

arrangement of elements vertical to slit: 20 UM.

4. Tracheoids _{showing mixed} types: _{20 pa.}

5. Detail _of 4, with _{mixed pit shapes, aperture}

shapes and ornamentation of pit borders: 5 pa.

6. Vestures _{and small warts on tracheoid pits: 3 Us.} 7. Testa

, longitudinal surface, adjacent to

hilum: _{50 p.}

8. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, at midseed:} 20 pap.

9. Testa, longitudinal _{surface. opposite} the

I

3

5

2

4

789

l

- 512 -

Vicia _{sativa niara Plate}

24

Figure _Scale

1. Whole _{seed, subspherical} in _{shape: 500 pm.}

2. Hilum, _{wedge-shaped: 300 }up.}

3. Micropyle, _{small and round} in _{shape: 20 um.}

4. Whole _{seed, charred} 2 hours _{at 3000, showing}

gaping hilum and cracked testa: _{500 pm.}

5. Testa _{surface, adjacent to the hilum, showing}

papillose palisade _{cells: 5 pm.}

6. Testa _{surface, adjacent to the hilum, on seed} charred 2 hours at 3000, _{showing reduced area}

of each papilla: _{5 pm.}

7. Testa _{surface, at midseed, of same specimen as}

in _{5, showing reduced area of each papilla: 5 Wp.} 8. Testa _{surface, at midseed, of specimen cleaned}

in _{ultrasonic bath 30 seconds: 10 pm.}

9. Testa _{surface, at midseed, of same specimen as}

2

1

3

5

7

4

6

- 513 -

Vicia _{sativa niara Plate 25}

Figure _Scale

1. Seed bisected transversely _across hilum: _{500 pm.} 2. Hilum, transverse _{surface, showing protruding}

profile:

3. Tracheoids, _{showing even} distribution _{of pits:} 4. Tracheoid _{pits with slightly warty} borders:

5. Tracheoid _pits in _{specimen charred} 2 hours _at 3000, _{showing pits altered} in form but _retaining discernible _warts:

6. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, adjacent to} the hilum:

7. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, at midseed:}

8. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, opposite} the hilum:

100 pm. 10 um.

3 pm.

5 pm.

50 Nm. 30 µm.

1

3

5

2

4

6

- 514 -

Vicia _{sativa sativa} Plate 26

Figure Scale

1. Whole _seed: 1 mm.

2. Hilum, _{wedge-shaped:} 300 _Mm.

3. Micropyle, _slit-shaped: 50 dun.

4. Testa _{surface, at midseed, showing papillose}

palisade cells: 5 µm.

5. Testa _{surface, adjacent} to the hilum: 10 Pm.

6. Testa _{surface, at midseed, showing superficial} lifting _{of external surface, possibly} the

cuticle: 10 pm.

7. Testa _{surface, adjacent} to the hilum, showing deposit between _{papillae, seed} from

2nd. population: 10 pm.

8. Testa _{surface, at midseed.} showing marked deposit

1

3

5

7

2

4

6

- 515 -

Vicia _{sativa sativa Plate 27}

Figure _Scale

1. Seed, bisected transversely _across hilum: _{1 mm.}

2. _Hilum, transverse _{surface, showing protruding}

hilar _{profile: 100 }im.}

3. Tracheoids, _{showing even pit} distribution: _{20 pm.} 4. Tracheoid _{pits of round and oval shape, with}

oval apertures and plain _{and warty} borders, in specimen from population with light brown

mottled testa: 5 pm.

5. Tracheoid _{pits, slit-shaped with vestures} in tracheoids _with thickened _{walls, same specimen}

as 4: 5 pm.

6. _{Vestured and warty pits, same specimen as 4: 3 Nm.}

7. Pits _{of mixed shape and with a variety of}

ornamentation, in specimen from 2nd. population

with black testa: 5 µm.

8. Pits _{with small warts,} in _specimen from 3rd.

1

3

1

r

r

5

MOW

Amp

c -ýiº _.. ` lb _{A. . -_}

2

"'-

i

4

ß

p

8

- 516 -

Vicia _{sativa sativa} Plate 28

Figure Scale

1. _Testa, longitudinal _{surface, adjacent} to the

hilum, _of light brown _colour: 50 pm.

2. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, at midseed, same}

specimen as 1: 30 pm.

3. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, opposite} the hilum,

same specimen as 1: 30 pm.

4. Testa, longitudinal surface, on specimen with

white colour: 20 pm.

5. Testa, longitudinal surface, _adjacent to the

hilum, from black-seeded _population: 50 pm.

6. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, adjacent} to the

hilum, from black-seeded _{population, charred} 2

hours _at 3000: 30 pm.

7. Testa, longitudinal _surface, opposite the hilum,

from black-seeded _population: 30 pm. 8. Testa, longitudinal _surface, opposite the hilum,

from black-seeded _{population, charred} 2 hours

1

3

jpppppp.,.

5

7

2

- 517 -

Vicia _{sativa sat va lentisDerma} Plate 29

Figure Scale

1. Whole _seed, lenticular in _shape: 1 mm.

2. Testa _{surface, adjacent} to the hilum, _showing

slight reticulations and very low papilla: 2 pm. 3. Testa _{surface, at midseed, showing papillae}

of more typical Vicia sativa sativa form: 5 um . 4. Seed bisected transversely _across hilum, showing

lenticular _profile: 1 mm.

5. Tracheid bar, transverse _surface: 100 pm.

6. Tracheoid _{pits, oval-shaped with plain} borders

and few small warts: 2 pm.

7. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, adjacent} to the

hilum: 50 pm.

8. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, at midseed:} 20 pm.

9. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, opposite} the hilum,

2

3

5

78

4

I

6

- 518 -

Vicia _{seoium Plate 30}

Figure _Scale

1. _{Whole seed, showing circumlinear} hilum: _{500 pm.}

2. Micropyle, _oval in _{shape: 50 µm.}

3. Testa _{surface, at midseed, with papillose}

and reticulate palisade cells: 10 µm.

4. _{Testa surface, at midseed,} 2nd. _specimen from the _{same population as 3, showing ridged cell}

walls: 10 pm.

5. _{Testa surface, at midseed. same specimen as 3,}

showing less distinct topography: 5 }im.

6. _{Testa surface, at midseed, same specimen as 3,}

showing papillae and without reticulum: 3 µm.

7. _{Testa surface, at midseed, same specimen as 3: 10 pm.} 8. Testa _{surface, at midseed, same specimen as 3: 3 pm.}

2

3

5

4

6

- 519 -

Vicia _{seDium Plate 31}

Figure _Scale

1. _{Seed bisected} transversely _across hilum: _{500 pm.}

2. _Hilum, transverse _{surface: 200 µm.}

3. Tracheid bar, transverse _{surface: 30 µm.}

4. _{Tracheoids. showing variation in pit shape and}

ornamentation, and of uneven distibution: 10 pm.

5. _{Tracheoid pits, round and oval} in _{shape, with}

round and oval apertures and borders, _{plain or}

with a few warts: 5 pm.

6. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, adjacent to the}

hilum, _{showing very} long hourglass _{cells: 20 pm.} 7. _Testa, longitudinal _{surface, at midseed, showing}

thick _remnant layer: _{20 pm.}

8. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, opposite} the hilum, showing thick remnant layer where cotyledons

1

3

5

7

2

ý,

4

8

.. +r w

- 520 -

Vicia _sylvatica Plate 32

Figure

1. Whole _seed, fro m 1st. _population: 2. Micropyle, from 1st. _population:

3. Testa _{surface, adjacent} to the hilum, 1st.

population:

4. Testa _{surface, adjacent} to the hilum, same field

as 3:

5. Testa _{surface, at midseed,} population 1:

6. Testa _surface, at midseed, same field as 5: 7. Testa _{surface, at midseed,} 2nd specimen from

the _{same population:}

8. Testa _{surface, adjacent} to the hilum, _same

specimen as 7:

Scale

500 pm. 20 µm.

20 Um.

10 pm. 20 µm. 10 µm.

10 Nm.

3

5

4

6

- 521 -

Vicia _svlvatica Plate 33

Figure Scale

1. Seed bisected transversely _across hilum: 500 pm.

2. Hilum, transverse _surface: 100 pm.

3. Tracheid bar, transverse _surface: 20 um.

4. Tracheoid _pits: 5 pm.

5. Tracheoid _pits: 10 pm.

6. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, adjacent} to the

hilum: 50 pm.

7. Testa, longitudinal _{sdurface, at midseed:} 20 um.

8. Testa. longitudinal _{surface, opposite} to the

hilum: 50 pm.

': ';;

2

'- `, '

345

- 522 -

yicia tetrasiDerma

Figure

1. Whole _{seed, subspherical} in _shape: 2. Hilum, _{wedge-shaped:}

3. Micropyle, _{oval-shaped with} fungal hyphae:

4. Testa _{surface, adjacent} to the hilum, _showing deposit _{overlying papillae, with cracks:}

5. Testa _{surface, adjacent} to the hilum, _with

papillose palisade cells, showing papillae of uneven length linked in chain formation:

6. Detail _of 5:

7. Testa _{surface, at midseed, showing} linkage of papillae in chains:

8. Detail _of 7:

Plate 34

Scale

500 pm. 300 um.

20 pm.

100 µm.

20 pm. 5 um.

ý::.:.

1

3

5

7

,ý 4 i:

8

2

4

6

- 523 -

Vicia

tetrasDerma

Figure Scale

1. Seed bisected transversely _across hilum: 500 _pm. 2. Hilum, transverse _surface: 100 _µm. 3. Tracheid bar, transverse _{surface: 30 pm.}

4. Detail _of tracheoids, three tracheoids _occupying the _{width of} the bar, _with irregularly distributed

pits, unevenly arranged: 10 pm.

5. Detail _of tracheoid _{pits, showing slightly warty}

borders: _{3 pm.}

6. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, adjacent} to the

hilum: _{3 pm.}

7. _Testa, longitudinal _{surface, at midseed: 3 pm.}

1

ti

'!. ý.

3

i

1

5

7

2

- ,: -=-

4Id

ý`

-.

A-

4

I

6

I

- 524 -

Vi is _{villosa varia Plate 36}

Figure Scale

1. Whole _{seed: 500 pm.}

2. Whole _{seed, charred} 2 hours _at 3000: 500 µm.

3. Micropyle, _{same specimen as 1: 50 pm.}

4. Testa _{surface, adjacent} to the hilum: _{5 pm.}

5. Testa _{surface, at midseed, showing ridges}

outlining the cell walls: 5 pm,

6. Testa _{surface, at midseed, charred} 2 hours

at 3000, showing reduced pa pillae: 5 ps.

7. Testa _{surface, at midseed. charred} 2 hours _{at 30CC,}

showing reduced papillae an d no ridges: 5 pm.

8. Testa _{surface, at midseed, of specimen} from 2nd.

2

3

5

4

6

- 525 -

Vicia _{villosa varia} Plate 37

Figure Scale

1. Seed bisected transversely _across hilum: 500 pm.

2. Hilum, transverse _surface: 200 pm.

3. Tracheoids _of irregular distribution _and

uneven arrangement: 20 um.

4. Pits _{with vestured ornamentation:} 5 pm,

5. Pits _{with warts: 5 pm,}

6. Plain bordered _{pits: 5 um.}

7. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, adjacent} to the

hilum: _{50 pm.}

8. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, at midseed: 50 Um.}

9. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, opposite} the hilum,

with thick remnant layer: 50 pm.

10. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, at midseed, charred}

1

3

Law

J.

56

89

2

ra

. 1. - 'B 40

IJ

4

-0 Ob 4.

_c7

2r

wel

"`

7

- 526 -

Lena culinaris

_Plate

₃₈

Figure _Scale

1. _{Whole seed, lat. population: i mm.}

2. Whole _seed, 2nd. _{population: 1 mm.}

3. _Hilum, 3rd. _{population: 300 pm.}

4. _{'Testa surface, opposite the hilum.}

4th. population: _{5 pm.}

5.

_Testa

_surface,

_adjacent

_{to the hilum,}

_2nd.

population: _{5 lam.}

6. _{Testa surface, at midseed, 2nd. population: 5 pm.} 7. _{Testa surface, adjacent to the hilum, 5th.}

population: _{5 pm.}

2

3

5

7

4

6

- 527 -

Lens _culinaris Plate 39

Figure Scale

1. Seed bisected transversely _across hilum, 1st.

population: 1 mm.

2. Seed bisected transversely _across hilum, 7th.

population: 1 mm.

3. Hilum, transverse _surface, 7th. _{population: 200 pm.}

4. Tracheid bar, 4th. _{population: 30 pm.}

5. Tracheoid _{pits, with plain} borders, 2nd.

population: 5 Um.

6. Tracheoid _{pits, with warts and vestures,} 6th.

population: 7 pm.

7. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, adjacent} to the hil um,

4th. _{populatiion: 30 pm.}

8. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, at midseed,} 7th.

population: 30 pm.

9. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, opposite} the hilum,

1

3

dop _a moo

AV

mop

1 /r AV 0

4p

A$or

5

2

4

4p0",

_ß,

.

i .. or fp M/i

p

6

- 528 -

Lens _culinaris Plate 40

Figure Scale

1. Testa _{surface, at midseed,} treated _{with enzymes,}

2nd. _{population: 5 pm.}

2. Testa _{surface, adjacent} to the hilum, treated

with enzymes, 2nd. population: 5 pm.

3. Cotyledon _surface, bearing hilum _{and testa}

fragments, 7th. _population, following _charring

1 hour _at 400"C: 300 _pm.

4. Cotyledon _{surface, with} testa fragments, 7th.

population, after charring 1 hour at 40dC: 500 pm. 5. Testa _{surface, at midseed,} 7th. _population,

charred 17 hours at 235C, following 24 hours at

110C: _{5 pm.}

6. Testa _{surface, at midseed,} 7th. _population,

charred 1 hour at 40CrC: 3 pm.

7. Testa _{surface, showing} broken hourglass _cell

bases, 7th. _{population, charred} 1 hour _at 40eC: _{20 pm.}

8. Tracheoid _pits, 7th. _{population, charred} 1 hour

at 40dC: 3 pm.

9. _Testa, longitudinal _{surface, at midseed,} 4th. population, charred 17 hours at 235C, following

2

3

4

567

- 529 -

Zens _{ervoides Plate 41}

Figure Scale

1. _{Whole seed,} 1st

. population : 1 mm.

2. Hilum, 1st. _{pop ulation: 300 µm.}

3. Testa _{surface, adjacent} to the hilum, 2nd.

population: 5 pm.

4. _{Testa surface, at midseed,} 2nd. _{population: 5 um.} 5. _{Testa surface, adjacent} to the hilum, 3rd.

population: 5 pm

6. _{Testa surface, at midseed,} 3rd. _{population: 5 pm.} 7. Testa _{surface, adjacent} to the hilum, 4th.

population, cha rred 2 hours at 3000: 3 µm.

8. _{Testa surface, at midseed,} 4th _population,

2

3

5

4

6

- 530 -

Lens ervoides

Figure _Scale

1. _{Seed bisected transversely across hilum, 5th.}

population: 1 mm.

2. Hilum, transverse _{surface, 5th. populatio n: 100 pm.} 3. Tracheid bar, transverse _{surface, 5th.}

population: 20 Nm.

4. _{Tracheoid pits, with plain borders, 5th.}

population: _{5 pm.}

5. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, adjacent to the hilum,}

5th. _{population: 20 pm.}

6. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, at midseed,}

5th. _{population: 20 am.}

7. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, opposite the} hilum,

5th. _{population: 20 pm.}

8. Seed bisected transversely _{across hilum,}

e.

1

₂

3

5

r; `

!'

6

- 531 -

Lens _niaricans Plate 43

Figure Scale

1. Whole _seed, lat. _population: 1 mm.

2. Hilum, lat. _population: 1 mm.

3. Micropyle, lat. _population: 1 mm.

4. Fragment _of testa from _seed, 2nd. _population,

charred 17 hours at 23 5'C, following 24 hours at i00'C, _mounted to _{show internal surface}

overlying petiole of cotyledon: 100 pm.

5. Testa _surface, adjacent to the hilum, 3rd.

population: 3 pm.

6. Testa _surface, at midseed, 3rd. _population: 3 µm. 7. Testa, _{oblique view of papillae, at midseed,}

lat. _population: 3 pm.

8. Testa _{surface, adjacent} to the hilum, 2nd.

population, charred 17 hours at 235C, following

24 hours _at 110C: 3 pm.

9. Testa _{surface, at midseed,} 2nd. population,

charred 17 hours at 235C, following 24 hours

at 110ýC: 3 pm.

10. Testa _{surface, at midseed,} oblique view, and. population, charred 17 hours at 235'C, following

1

3

5

db gr

.j

a

2

4

67

It

- 532 -

Lens niaricans

Figure _Scale

1. _{Seed bisected transversly across hilum, 2nd.}

population: _{1 mm,}

2. Hilum, transverse _surface, let. _{population: 100 pm.} 3. _Tracheid bar, _{transverse surface,}

3rd. _{population: 30 pm.}

4. _{Tracheoid pits, round and oval in shape with}

vestures, 4th. population: _{100 pm.}

5. _{Tracheoid pits, with warts and ventures, 3rd.}

population: _{3 pm.}

6. _{Tracheoid pits with plain} borders, _3rd.

population: _{3 Nm.}

7. _{Tracheoid pits with ventures,} 4th. _population, charred 17 hours at 2AC, following 24 hours

at 1100C: _{3 pm.}

8. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, adjacent to the hil um,}

3rd. _{population: 50 pm.}

9. Testa. longitudinal _{surface, at midseed, 3rd.}

population: 30 µm.

10. Testa, longitudinal _{surface, opposite the hilum,}

1

₂

f

3

"&. *

ABI

.t.

"wý

56

190

4

,7

9

₁₀

- 533 -

Lvus _odemensis Plate 45

Figure Scale

1. Whole _seed, lat. _population: 1 mm.

2. Hilum, lat. _population: 300 Nm.

3. Testa _{surface, adjacent} to the hilum, 1st

population: 3 pm.

4. Testa _{surface, at midseed,} lat. _population: 3 pm. 5. _{Testa surface, adjacent} to the hilum, 2nd.

population: 5 pm.

6. Testa _{surface, at midseed,} 2nd. _population: 5 pm. 7. Testa _{surface, adjacent} to the hilum, 3rd.

population, charred 2 hours at 3000: 3 pm.

8. Testa _{surface, at midseed,} 3rd _population.

2

3

5

4

6

- 534 -

Lens _odemensis Plate 46

Figure Scale

1. Seed bisected transversely _across hilum, 4th.

population: 1 mm.

2. Hilum, transverse _surface, 1st. _population: 100 pm.

3. Tracheoids, 1st. _population: 10 pm.

4. Tracheoid _pits, 1st. _population: 3 pm.

5. _Hilum, transverse _surface, 4th. _population,

charred 2 hours at 3000: 100 pm.

6. Tracheoid _pits, 4th. population, charred

2 hours _at 300C: 3 pm.

7. Testa, longitudinal surface, adjacent to the

hilum, 4th. _population: 30 µm.

8. Testa, longitudinal surface, at midseed, 4th.

population: 30 pm.

9. Testa, longitudinal surface, at midseed, 4th.

1

3

5

w"°"

2

4

9

ter..

6