HIST6101: The Near East to 1200BC: The
earliest states
(Academic Year 2014/15)
This course surveys the history of all areas of the Near
East from c.3000-c.1200 BC. This includes Egypt,
Mesopotamia, Anatolia, the Levant and Iran. Because of
the disposition of the written sources the emphasis is
primarily on Egypt and Mesopotamia; and falls into
roughly three chronological phases: c.3000-2000,
2000-1600, 1600-1200 BC.
The following aspects are treated: the development of
the Egyptian state and the historical events of the Old,
Middle and New Kingdom including the establishment of
Egyptian control of Nubia (Sudan) and the
Syro-Palestinian area (i.e., the “Levant”); the evolution
of urban societies in southern Mesopotamia,
development of the Sumerian civilization, the
establishment of the Old Akkadian empire succeeded by
the empire of the Third Dynasty of Ur; the struggle for
political pre-eminence between the various city-states
of southern and northern Mesopotamia and Syria, their
social, economic, legal development, their commercial
inter-relationships and the rise of Hammurabi’s dynasty
to power; the movements of population groups which
profoundly influenced the settled societies in
Mesopotamia, Levant, and Anatolia (Amorites, Hurrians,
Kassites, “Indo-Europeans”); the small-state system of
Central Anatolia and the subsequent development of
the Hittite state from small kingdom to empire and its
sudden collapse. As far as possible, given the scantiness
of evidence, the culture of Iran and Western Anatolia is
examined. The development and varying fortunes of the
city-states of the Levant is of special interest,
particularly their relationship to the various major
international powers of the period.
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