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(1)

Nick Coleman MSc (Arb) MArborA CEnv

Colin McDonald Tech Cert (ArborA) 39 Catton

Grove Road

Norwich

Norfolk

TREE HAZARD

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT

CLIENT:

Mr Carl Denis

Aylsham Manor care Home

Norwich Road

Norwich

Norfolk

NR11 6BN

SITE:

The grounds and gardens of

Aylsham Manor Care Home

(2)

Nick Coleman

MSc (Arb) MArborA CEnv

Colin McDonald

Tech ArborA

39 Catton Grove Road, Norwich, Norfolk, NR3 3NJ

Tel:

01603 721552

Email:

treecarenorwich@aol.com

Web:

www.treecareconsultants.com

TREE HAZARD RISK ASSESSMENT

CLIENT

Mr Carl Denis

Aylsham Manor care Home

Norwich Road

Norwich

Norfolk

NR11 6BN

SITE INSPECTED

The grounds and gardens of

Aylsham Manor Care Home

INSPECTED BY

Nick Coleman MSc (Arb) MArborA CEnv

TREECARE Consultants Ltd

39 Catton Grove Road

Norwich

NR3 3NJ

(3)

CONTENTS

1.

Introduction

1.1

Assignment

1.2

Tree hazard risk assessment

1.3

Documents and information provided

1.4

Limitations and use of copyright

1.5

Disclaimer

1.6

Qualifications and experience

2.

The Site

2.1

Site visit

2.2

Site Description

2.3

Identification and location of the trees

2.4

Site Zoning

2.5

Photographs

3.

Conclusion

4.

Comments

4.1

Implementation of works

4.2

Trees subject to statutory controls

4.3

Future considerations

Appendices

Appendix 1 – Qualifications

Appendix 2 – Explanation of tree hazard risk assessment

Appendix 3 – Tree schedule key

Appendix 4 – Tree Schedule

Appendix 5 – Site plan

(4)

1.

INTRODUCTION

1.1

ASSIGNMENT

I have been instructed by Mr Carl Denis of Aylsham Manor Care Home to carry out a Tree Hazard

Risk Assessment of the significant trees within the garden and grounds and prepare a Tree Hazard

Risk Policy.

1.2

TREE HAZARD RISK ASSESSMENT

There are four compelling reasons to implement a Tree Hazard Risk Policy and have a structured

program for tree inspections.

a)

Provide documented evidence that a property owner/occupier is compliant with their legal

obligations to provide an adequate ‘duty of care’ for visitors and users of the property.

b)

Reduce the risk of harm to people or property to as low as reasonably possible by managing

the trees effectively. This involves a pro-active and systematic approach to identifying

potential hazards, ranking them according to their severity and prioritising action to achieve

an acceptable level of risk.

c)

Provide a prioritised and effective management schedule of works to aid budgeting and

allocation of resources.

d)

Ameliorate tree defects by prescribing remedial maintenance. This will extend the safe

useful life expectancy of the trees and preserve their important visual amenity and any

wildlife habitats provided by them.

1.3

DOCUMENTS AND INFORMATION PROVIDED

I was provided with email instructions from Mr Carl Denis on 26 January 2013. I was also given

instruction to obtain a site plan in digital format.

1.4

LIMITATIONS AND USE OF COPYRIGHT

All rights in this report are reserved. No part of it may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or

by any means without our written permission. Its contents and format are for the exclusive use of

Aylsham Manor Care Home and their associates. It may not be sold, lent out or divulged to any

third party not directly involved in this situation without the written consent of Treecare

Consultants Ltd.

Trees are living organisms whose health and condition can change rapidly. The conclusions and

recommendations in this report are only valid for two and a half years unless otherwise stated. Any

changes to the site as it stands at present, eg building of extensions, excavation works, importing of

soils, extreme weather events etc will invalidate this report.

Visual tree assessment has been undertaken from ground level utilising aids such as binoculars,

sounding hammer and probes where necessary. If a more detailed investigation was carried out or

required in the future this will be highlighted in the text. A more detailed investigation may take

the form of a climbing inspection, decay assessment or root collar investigation.

(5)

1.5

DISCLAIMER

I have no connection with any of the parties involved in this situation that could influence the

opinions expressed in this report.

1.6

QUALIFICATIONS AND EXPERIENCE

I have based this report on my site observations and investigations and I have come to conclusions

in the light of my academic and experiential knowledge. I have qualifications and practical

(6)

2.

THE SITE

2.1

SITE VISITS

I carried out several site visits throughout 2012 and early 2013 in order to observe the trees

throughout the various seasons. Winter time inspections are best for observing the structural

integrity of the stem and main limbs, autumn is best for observing fungal fruiting bodies and

summer and spring is the optimum time for assessing tree vigour and vitality.

2.2

SITE DESCRIPTION

Aylsham Manor is located near the junction of Norwich Road and Burgh Road close to the town

centre. The Manor is the town’s oldest building. It is a fine 17

th

Century; Grade 2 listed building,

set within a historic town. It was formerly the Archbishop’s summer palace and the period building

retains many of the original features.

The building has been modified several times over the years and more recently converted into a

residential care home for the elderly. The home offers 28 places to residents, with two spaces for

day care residents.

The old Manor is set within approximately three acres of wooded grounds. The main access to the

site is from Norwich Road to the west and the access drive leads to a staff and visitors car park area

in front of the main house. There are well kempt, ornamental gardens to the north, east and south of

the main house. These gardens include seating areas, lawns, specimen trees, and mature shrub

beds. Around the periphery of the grounds are dense woodland tree belts with mainly natural

species trees and shrubs with the occasional exotic specimen. Of particular note is a large

spreading Cedar of Lebanon, Large Coast Redwood and several large Oaks.

2.3

SITE ZONING

The first step in tree risk management is relating the tree’s location in the context of the levels of

use of the area around it. The assessment should determine which trees are in areas of high,

moderate or low public access, or if the trees could fall onto areas of high public use or onto

valuable property that could be damaged.

At Aylsham Manor I have zoned the site as follows;

HIGH RISK ZONE (marked as red tree centres on the site plan) – trees on the north and

west boundaries of the site which are within close proximity to the public highways and

footpaths.

MODERATE RISK ZONE (marked as blue tree centers on the site plan) – trees internal to

the site with intermittent pedestrian or vehicle activity. These are trees within or adjacent to

the ornamental gardens or close to neighbouring properties.

LOW RISK ZONE (marked with green tree centers on the site plan) – trees internal to the

site in secluded or rarely used areas.

(7)

2.4

IDENTIFICATION AND LOCATION OF THE TREES

The trees in question have been marked with numbered tags which correspond with the survey

schedule. I have illustrated the approximate locations of the significant trees on an Ordinance

Survey site plan and the tree centers have been coloured to indicate if the trees are in either high,

medium or low risk areas. The position of the trees is estimated and the plan should not be used

for direct scaling measurement. All the relevant information on the trees is contained within the

tree schedule.

(8)
(9)
(10)

3.

CONCLUSION

The principal trees have been individually tagged and visually assessed. I have prepared a site plan

with the significant trees plotted and produced a detailed tree schedule. From my findings, I have

produced a prioritised work schedule set out below. No trees were identified as an unacceptable

risk, which would have required immediate action. Fourteen trees were identified as high risk,

marked in purple in the schedule. Fifteen trees were identified as moderate risk, marked in yellow

in the schedule. Trees marked in purple should be priority over the yellow. Trees marked in green

on the tree schedule (appendix 4) are low priority with either no recommended work or suggestions

for general maintenance work to improve the tree’s condition. This proactive management can

improve the condition of the tree stock and potentially save money in the future. These have not

been included in the hazard risk work schedule below. I have given guidance on when priority 2

and 3 work should be carried out.

PRIORITY 2 TREES – WITHIN 6 MONTHS

Tree

No

Tag

No

Species

Action

7

507

Scots Pine

Clean out the crown of deadwood, suppressed and crossing

branches. Reduce the end loading of the extended branch over

the highway. Remove the split and hanging branch in the

lower crown.

8

508

London

Plane

Clean out the crown of deadwood, suppressed and crossing

branches. Raise low branches over the highway to 5.5m. Carry

out further investigation of the cavity at the stem base with a

Picus Tomograph.

12

512

Lawson

Cypress

Fell to near ground level.

16

516

Holly

Fell to near ground level.

17

517

Holly

Fell to near ground level.

30

530

European

Larch

Fell to near ground level.

39

539

Sycamore

Fell to near ground level.

55

555

Yew

Raise low branches over the highway to 5.5m.

56

556

Hornbeam

Remove the deadwood, suppressed and crossing branches over

the highway. Raise low branches over the highway to 5.5m.

57

557

Hornbeam

Remove the deadwood, suppressed and crossing branches over

the highway. Raise low branches over the highway to 5.5m.

60

560

Sycamore

Fell to near ground level.

71

571

Sycamore

Fell to near ground level.

117

617

Holly

Coppice to near ground level.

147

647

Norway

Maple

Clean out the crown of deadwood, suppressed and crossing

branches. Reduce and shape the crown into a natural form. Tip

reduce the extended side branches to lessen the end loading.

Tip reduce by approximately 1.5 - 2m.

(11)

PRIORITY 3 TREES – WITHIN 18 MONTHS

Tree

No

Tag

No

Species

Action

2

502

Scots Pine

Clean out the crown of deadwood, suppressed and crossing

branches. Remove the split and hanging branch in the upper

crown.

3

503

Holly

Fell to near ground level and treat with systemic herbicide.

4

504

Scots Pine

Clean out the crown of deadwood, suppressed and crossing

branches. Tip reduce the extended branch over the highway.

37

537

Common

Lime

Clean out the crown of deadwood, suppressed and crossing

branches.

66

566

Sycamore

Raise low branches over the highway to 5.5m.

70

570

Yew

Raise low branches over the highway to 5.5m.

72

572

Yew

Remove the deadwood over the highway. Raise low branches

over the highway to 5.5m.

73

573

Sycamore

Fell to near ground level. Poor quality tree.

82

582

Ash

Fell to near ground level.

93

593

Cork Oak

Reduce and balance the weight loading of the crown. Slightly

too reduce loading on the roots.

97

597

Common

Oak

Reduce the length of major deadwood using natural fracture

cuts. Selectively reduce the loading on the northwest limb and

storm damaged limbs.

98

598

Sweet

Chestnut

Reduce the length of major deadwood using natural fracture

cuts. Reduce the end loading of any vulnerable branches.

105

605

Ash

Fell to near ground level.

119

619

Cedar of

Lebanon

Reduce back the branches from the adjacent building. Tip

reduce the extended side branches to lessen the end loading.

Remove large pieces of deadwood. Carry out follow up decay

assessment.

137

637

Western Red

Cedar

(12)

4.

COMMENTS

4.1

IMPLEMENTATION OF WORKS

All treework should be carried out to BS 3998:2010 ‘Tree work - Recommendations’.

4.2

TREES SUBJECT TO STATUTORY CONTROLS

Individual trees and woodlands in any location may be protected by legislation for various reasons.

The reasons for protection can include visual amenity, biodiversity, wildlife protection or to avoid

unnecessary tree loss. Substantial penalties can be incurred for contravention of legal protection.

The main type of protection in an urban setting is when trees are protected within a Conservation

Area or by a Tree Preservation Order (TPO) or if the are occupied by specific wildlife.

Conservation Area

In Conservation Areas, trees of a diameter greater than 75mm, measured at 1.5m from ground level

are automatically protected (except in certain circumstances) under the Town and Country Planning

Act 1990. Notice of intent is required to be given to the Local Planning Authority (LPA) before

work is carried out. An application form can be downloaded from the LPA website. The LPA has

six weeks to decide whether the tree should be made subject to a Tree Preservation Order. If the

LPA do not respond within the six week period, then the tree work that has been applied for may

proceed.

Tree Preservation Order (TPO)

A Local Planning Authority (LPA) can protect trees and woodlands with a Tree Preservation Order

in the interest of good amenity. In general, it is prohibited in the Town & Country Planning (Tree

Preservation) (England) Regulations 2012 to cut down, top, lop, uproot, willfully damage or

willfully destroy a tree without the Planning Authority’s permission.

It will be necessary to apply to the LPA for permission to carry out any work on protected trees.

The LPA has eight weeks to respond to the application to either refuse or permit the work applied

for. The LPA can also make alternative work recommendations.

If an application for work is refused, or allowed subject to conditions, or if the council fails to deal

with the application within 8 weeks, the applicant has a right of appeal to the Secretary of State

under the provisions of section 78 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (as amended).

At the time of inspection I do not know if any specific tree protection is applicable to this site

although I would anticipate that it is within a Conservation Area. The work specified in this report

is necessary for reasonable management and should be acceptable to the LPA. However, tree

owners should appreciate that they may take an alternative point of view and have the option to

refuse consent.

(13)

Habitats Regulations

Bats, nesting birds and some mammals are protected under the Conservation of Habitats and

Species Regulations 2010, Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 and (as amended) Wildlife and

Countryside Act 2000. A risk assessment will be required prior to commencement of any tree work

or felling to assess the likelihood of disturbing or endangering any protected wildlife or habitat. If

any protected species are present in any of the trees, or if the tree has a known bird nest or bat roost,

then consultation with the Statutory Nature Conservation Organisation (SNCO) must be

undertaken, prior to commencement of work.

4.3

FUTURE INSPECTIONS

The trees should be inspected every

two and a half years

by a Professional Tree Inspector

(LANTRA) and the documentation updated accordingly. This re-assessment of the trees will be

easier and less costly than the initial assessment as the inspection system is already in place; the

trees have been tagged and plotted on the site plan. Each tree will need to be visually assessed but

the schedule will only need altering if changes have occurred.

(14)

Nick Coleman

MSc (Arb) MArborA CEnv

Colin McDonald

Tech ArborA

39 Catton Grove Road, Norwich, Norfolk, NR3 3NJ

Tel:

01603 721552

Email:

treecarenorwich@aol.com

Web:

www.treecareconsultants.com

APPENDIX 1

(15)

APPENDIX 1

Nick Coleman MSc Arb MArborA CEnv

Qualifications and Professional Development

1.

QUALIFICATIONS

Chartered Environmentalist (CEnv) 2008 – Arboricultural Association / Society

for the Environment

LANTRA Professional Tree Inspection – July 2007

Professional Member of the Arboricultural Association 2005 - MArborA

MSc in Arboriculture and Community Forest Management – 2002 Middlesex

University

NPTC – certificates of competence in Arboriculture

Certificate in Management Studies – 1989 – Norwich City College

Surrey County Diploma in Arboriculture 1981 – Merrist Wood College

Ordinary National Diploma in Arboriculture – 1981 Merrist Wood College, Surrey

City and Guilds I Horticulture 1977 – Isle of Ely College, Wisbech

2.

CAREER SUMMARY

Nick Coleman began his career with trees in 1976 serving an apprenticeship with

Peterborough Development Corporation, mainly tackling the ravages of Dutch elm

disease. As part of the OND course he spent a year in Denmark for the Scandinavian

Institute of Trees and Shrubs, gaining practical experience as a trainee arborist.

Following the completion of the college course, he gained a wide practical knowledge of

all aspects of commercial arboriculture. He worked as a craftsman arborist for Southern

Tree Surgeons Ltd in both England and Ireland.

In 1985 he joined Norwich City Council’s Tree Department gaining the post of

chargehand arborist. In 1989 he went into partnership with Colin McDonald and formed

Treecare. In June 2005 the business became incorporated as Treecare Consultants Ltd.

Through practical experience, continual professional development and further academic

qualifications, Nick has now gained a reputation as an arboricultural consultant.

3.

AREAS OF EXPERTISE

Tree ecology and conservation advice, in particular with relation to the specific

needs of ancient trees

Tree hazard risk assessments for tree owners

Decay assessment and mapping

Mortgage and Insurance reports to assess the influence of trees on buildings (Nick

is a consulting arborist for the Association of

Mortgage and Insurance Users

Group)

Pre-development site surveys and arboricultural implication studies

Tree management reports to prioritise maintenance programs

Tree related insurance claims

Diagnosis of tree disorders

General arboricultural advice

(16)

4.

CONTINUAL PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Some relevant courses attended:

What’s new in tree risk management and tree heritage assessment – Nov 2012

Veteranisation Course – National Trust – Nov 2012

Bats Survey: Surveying Trees – March 2011

Biology of Decay in Trees – National Trust – October 2010

Modern Diagnostic Devices for Decay/Defect Assessment – April 2010

Meripilus Seminar – November 2008

Subsidence and Trees: A Collaborative Approach – October 2008

Decay Detection Master Class (Picus Sonic Tomograph) – July 2008

Professional Tree Inspection – July 2007

Tree Morphology Part II – June 2007

Certificate in Continuing Education : Field Identification of Fungi – October 2006

The Future of Tree Risk Management – September 2006

Preparing for and giving evidence at Public Local Inquiries – September 2006

British Standard 5837 Applications and Implications – March 2006

Tree Morphology – March 2006

Mean Streets, Trees in the Urban Environment – Feb 2006

Life Within and Beneath The Tree – November 2005

Arboriculture and Bats – Guide for Practitioners October 2005

Bats in Woodlands, Ecology, Survey and Mitigation – September 2005

Decay Detection Master Class (Picus Sonic Tomograph) - May 2005

Defensible Tree Management Systems – October 2004

Root Mechanics and Tree Engineering with Dr Claus Mattheck – May 2004

Writing Professional Reports Workshop – April 2004

Discussions and Demonstrations of Cable Bracing – March 2004

Enhancing the Management of Ancient Trees – Ancient Tree Forum – June 2003

Tree Statics and Dynamics Seminar – July 2003

Principles of Tree Risk Assessment – July 2002

Tree Mechanics with Dr Claus Mattheck – 2002

Biology of Decay in Trees – Hatfield Forest – November 2001

International Society of Arboriculture – Insurance and Mortgage Module Course –

December 1997

Modern Arboriculture – A System Approach to Practical Tree Care – Dr Alex

Shigo - 1992

5.

PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS

Arboricultural Association (Professional Member)

Consulting Arborist Society (Professional Member)

Association of Mortgage and Insurance Users Group

Active member of the Ancient Tree Forum

International Society of Arboriculture

Tree Care Industry Association

The Tree Register of Britain and Ireland

Royal Society for the Protection of Birds

(17)

Nick Coleman

MSc (Arb) MArborA CEnv

Colin McDonald

Tech ArborA

39 Catton Grove Road, Norwich, Norfolk, NR3 3NJ

Tel:

01603 721552

Email:

treecarenorwich@aol.com

Web:

www.treecareconsultants.com

APPENDIX 2

EXPLANATION OF THE HAZARD RISK ASSESSMENT

INTRODUCTION

Trees are important part of our urban landscape and are often taken for granted. They are important

for visual amenity as their aesthetic beauty breaks up and softens the surrounding built

environment. They signal the change of seasons, by producing flowers, fruit and autumn colour.

They produce large quantities of oxygen, filter pollution and shelter us from wind and sun light.

Trees are living organisms and on occasions can be prone to failure of parts of their structure or on

rare occasion’s total failure.

In recent years there has been an average of around six tree related deaths annually, which is a

chance of 1 fatality per 10 million of the population. Compared with other daily risks such as

industrial or traffic accidents, this figure is broadly acceptable and tolerable. These risks will

increase slightly in highly populated urban areas with a high concentration of people in close

proximity to trees.

Nonetheless, tree related accidents can occur and are very traumatic for those involved.

Fortunately these tragic incidences are rare but do tend to get high profile coverage in the media.

This can lead to a disproportionate apprehension of trees and can result in unnecessary tree removal

and overzealous tree pruning.

(18)

Example of cataclysmic tree failure

LEGAL FRAMEWORK

There is an obligation of reasonable safety owed by a sites owner, or manager to both visitors and

to those adjacent to the site under the Occupier’s Liability Act 1957 and as revised in 1984. The

owner or manager of the land may be held liable for any physical harm to persons or property

arising from an accident that was both reasonably foreseeable and reasonably preventable in that

situation.

In order for an owner or manager to foresee and prevent harm arising from tree failure, it is

necessary to subject the trees to ‘regular inspection’ by someone competent to identify defects and

interpret the significance to public safety. Regular inspection should take the form of a formal

‘Tree Hazard Risk Assessment’.

DUTY OF CARE

The law assumes that the owner or manager of a tree is the owner or manager of the land

surrounding the base of its trunk

The person responsible for any tree has a duty, known in law as the

duty of care

, to take

reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions which they could foresee would be likely to cause

harm or damage.

In practice it is never possible to completely eliminate all danger. The law therefore simply

requires that the owner or manager takes

reasonable care

to identify possible sources of

foreseeable danger and when hazards have been identified they should remove them as far as

possible.

Negligence

is a breach of legal duty resulting in damage. For example, when a tree owner or

manager fails to take necessary action when a danger is foreseeable, resulting in harm to people,

animals or property.

(19)

The law does not require or expect the impossible. The duty on owners or manager is not to

take every possible step to achieve perfect safety, as this would mean almost every tree being

felled to remove all risk. The duty of the owner is rather to take all reasonable care to ensure

that people are safe. What is "reasonable" must ultimately be a matter of judgment for the tree

owner or manager and their professional advisers (tree consultants).

In order to provide an adequate duty of care, a formal tree risk assessment is necessary, in

which two separate factors of

Hazard

and

Risk

are addressed.

HAZARD AND RISK

Hazard

is the potential for a tree to mechanically fail or impact on something and cause

physical harm.

Risk

is the probability or likelihood that harm will occur during a stated period of time and the

consequences of the impact.

TREE HAZARDS

A tree’s shape and form is governed by the laws of mechanics, the same as any structure, but trees

are also dynamic and lay down tension and compression wood to compensate for weight and wind

loading and produce reaction wood in response to decay or structural weaknesses. In fact, trees

have evolved to have excessive mechanical safety factors in order to cope with extreme weather

conditions.

Trees are also naturally shedding organisms and regularly drop twigs, branches and occasionally

limbs as part of the natural growing process. A tree’s structural integrity can also be compromised

by natural faults and biological factors such as fungi, bacteria and viruses which influence wood

strength at a cellular level. They can also be impacted by environmental influences such as wind,

flooding, pollution, compaction, physical impact etc.

The signs of possible structural weakness are usually evident from external inspection by a trained

and experienced person who can evaluate the potential hazard risk and prescribe remedial action

TREE RISK ASSESSMENT

Tree Risk Assessment is comprised of four separate factors which are considered independently.

Identified Hazard (defect) -

From a risk perspective, a defect is an identifiable fault in the

tree which may pose as a hazard. Defects and symptoms are not the same. e.g., decay is a

defect, whilst a fungal fruiting body is merely a symptom or indicator of decay. Trees may

have multiple defects, most risk assessment methods propose using the most likely to fail

defect as the measurable input for the probability of failure category. This may not be the

defect related to the greatest risk, e.g., small deadwood is generally more likely to fail than a

large dominant stem, however depending on the consequence and failure likelihood the

co-dominant stem may be a far higher risk.

The size of the identified hazard part

-The size of the identified part of the tree considered

most likely to fail is also very relevant. A small piece of dead wood may have the same risk of

falling as a split branch or a whole tree with basal decay but the consequences of that failure

(20)

Risk -

Risk is the estimated chance or likelihood of a previously identified tree hazard failing

in the next coming year. For example a large seasoned piece of deadwood in a tree is less

likely to fail than a split and hanging branch which is moving in the wind. Risks can range

from extremely likely to remote.

Target

– Target rating relates to the location of the tree and the occupancy and intensity of use

of the land surrounding it. This category relates to the occupancy zone previously allocated to

the area around the tree. Any person, animal or property that is in range of a potential tree

hazard is known as a target. For example, a mature tree with a large split limb in remote

woodland would be considered a high hazard but a low risk. The same tree on a busy urban

street would be considered a high hazard and a high risk. Target ratings range from low,

moderate to high.

(21)

Example of high hazard with high risk (public recreation area)

(22)

Example of high hazard with low risk (remote woodland)

TRAINING

In recent years it has been realised that there is a need to have a standardised method of inspecting

trees and this has to be carried out by practitioners who have been specifically trained, assessed and

accredited to a nationally accepted level. The Arboricultural Association devised a national

standard for tree inspection and the training provider is LANTRA who are the Sector Skills Council

for the environment and land-based industries.

At present there are two accredited levels of tree inspection.

Basic Tree Survey and Inspection

to identify common signs and symptoms that may lead

to tree or limb failure and methods of reporting this information.

Professional Tree Inspection

for experienced and qualified inspectors who undertake

in-depth inspections and make final decisions on complex safety issues.

(23)

Nick Coleman

MSc (Arb) MArborA CEnv

Colin McDonald

Tech ArborA

39 Catton Grove Road, Norwich, Norfolk, NR3 3NJ

Tel:

01603 721552

Email:

treecarenorwich@aol.com

Web:

www.treecareconsultants.com

APPENDIX 3

TREE SCHEDULE KEY

(24)

The tree schedule contains the following data:

Tree Number

Each tree is given a number for the purpose of location identification.

This number is specified in the schedule and on the site plan.

Type

Represents the type of vegetation being assessed. These are:- Tree (

T

),

Group (

G

), Stump (

S

), Shrubbery (

B

), Woodland (

W

), Small Tree of

limited risk (

K

). Tree (

T

) will be the most common entry.

Tag No

Each tree has been marked by a numbered tag for on site identification.

Where possible this number is related to, or similar to the given tree

number.

There may be occasions when the tag number bears no

relationship to the tree number, but is still useful for on site identification.

Common Name

Botanical Name

The tree species have been identified and both common and botanical

names are given in separate columns.

Tree age

Young

– (Shown as

Y

in the schedule) juvenile tree with dominant

leading shoot growth and short side branches. Vigorous growth and often

of conical form.

Semi-mature

– (Shown as

SM

in the schedule) young adult tree, leading

shoot growth may not always be dominant but side branches are usually

ascending.

Vigorous growth, flower and seed production.

Minimal

deadwood.

Early maturity

– (Shown as

EM

in the schedule) adult tree with the main

framework of the crown formed. Not yet at full dimensions. Vigorous

growth and some shedding of inner branches and deadwood. Horizontal

side branches.

Mature

– (Shown as

M

in the schedule) adult tree at full crown volume

and dimensions.

Maximum flower and seed production.

Dead wood

likely within the crown and reiteration growth in the lower canopy.

Over mature

– (Shown as

OM

in the schedule) loss of overall vigor and

reduction of full dimensions due to limb loss and branch tip die back.

Major dead wood within the crown and possible hollowing and cavities.

Retrenchment of the crown through increased reiteration growth on the

lower branches.

Veteran / Ancient

– (Shown as

V

in the schedule) a tree that has passed

beyond maturity and is old in comparison with other trees of the same

species.

They often have decayed or hollow stems and branches and

abundant deadwood.

They are important for heritage, landscape and

ecological value.

(25)

Height (m)

Where site lines allow, tree height has been calculated by means of a laser

clinometer and recorded in metres. If the use of a laser clinometer is

restricted due to confined space or obscuring vegetation, the height of the

tree may be estimated based on the surveyor’s experience. Adjacent trees

or buildings with a clear view may be measured and used as a height

scale. Where several trees are located in close proximity, one tree may be

measured and the other trees estimated using the measured tree as a

reference.

Condition

Following a systematic visual assessment the overall condition of the tree

and any observed mechanical faults; fungal decay or disorders are

recorded.

Identified Hazard:

Is the part of the tree identified in the visual tree assessment which is

considered to be the most likely part to fail or is likely to cause damage or

harm.

Risk

Is defined as the likelihood of an identified hazard to cause damage or

injury.

The categorisation of risk is based upon the tree inspector’s

knowledge, experience and training. This risk has been categorised into

five levels of

probability:-i.

Extremely likely

– when there is a likelihood of failure of an

estimated

1:10

chance in a one year period.

This is an

unacceptabl

e

risk

and requires immediate action.

ii.

Probable

- when there is a likelihood of failure of an estimated

1:100

chance in a one year period. This is a

high risk

and requires

prioritised attention in the work schedule.

iii.

Possible

– when there is a likelihood of failure of an estimated

1:1000

chances in a one year period. This is a

moderate risk

in the

short term and requires planned priority in the work schedule.

iv.

Unlikely

– when there is a likelihood of failure of an estimated

1:10,000

chance in a one year period. This is a

tolerable risk

and

requires low priority in the work schedule.

v.

Remote

– when there is a probability of failure of an estimated

1:100,000

chance in a one year period.

This is a

broadly

acceptable risk

and requires no specific allocation of resources for

health and safety reasons at the present time.

(26)

Size of Hazard

Is the size or weight of the identified hazard which is considered most

likely to fail. This has been categorised into four size ranges. The larger

the diameter or heavier the weight of the part likely to fail, the greater is

its potential to have extreme consequences. The four sizes

are:-i.

Small

– below

2.5cm

in diameter, small light weight branches or

deadwood whose impact is only likely to cause slight injury, or

inexpensive damage

ii.

Medium

– between

2.5cm and 10cm

diameter of moderate weight

likely to be a secondary branch from a main limb or small sized tree.

Impact has a potential to cause serious injury, possibly disablement

or hospitalisation but unlikely to be fatal. Minor damage can be

caused to property.

iii.

Large

– between

10cm and 45cm

diameter and of considerable

weight, likely to be a primary limb or medium size tree. Impact has

a potential to cause fatal or disabling injuries, severe vehicle damage

and moderate structural damage.

iv.

Very large

larger than 45cm

diameter and of significant weight.

This is likely to be failure of a mature tree’s main stem, large limb

or the entire tree. Impact is likely to cause fatalities or disablement,

vehicles crushed and severe structural damage.

Target

The target is any object or area that may be impacted by a falling tree

hazard. The target rating reflects the intensity of use of the immediate

area around the tree and relates to the value of the property that may be

damaged. It also considers the likelihood of human injury. There are

three categories of target and examples of target types are listed below.

i.

High

Principle highways such as motorways, A roads or major junctions

with constant vehicle use.

Public footpath with periods of concentrated pedestrian use.

High valued occupied buildings.

Main pedestrian assembly points.

ii.

Moderate

Public highways with intermittent but frequent vehicle use, such as

B roads.

Public footpath with intermittent to frequent pedestrian use.

Domestic dwellings and buildings of periodic occupation.

Public open spaces with regular use.

Patios, garages and outbuildings.

Woodland edges near occupied land.

(27)

iii.

Low

Slow roads with low volumes of traffic, tracks and bridleways.

Pathways with rare or low rates of pedestrian traffic.

Open recreational green space or domestic gardens of rare

occupancy.

Low value structures, fences, inexpensive walls and garden features.

Woodland interiors.

Action

Prescribes recommendations to minimise the risk of failure or general tree

management purposes.

Categorises the urgency that the recommended work should be carried

out. The priority codes have been calculated using the systemic ready

reckoner below.

Recommended work has been categorised into four

priorities:

Priority 1

Urgent work requiring immediate action as soon as

practically possible.

Priority 2

Priority work within the work schedule that requires prompt

attention and allocation of resources.

Priority 3

Planned work to manage future hazard risk and improve tree

condition.

Priority code

Priority 4

Non-safety work to improve tree condition, dependent on

available resources or no foreseeable maintenance required

or no maintenance required at present.

PRIORITY CODE RECKONER

RISK

Size of

Hazard

Extremely

Likely

Probable

Possible

Unlikely

Remote

Large

Medium

Small

Target

Area

Hi

Mod

Low

Hi

Mod

Low

Hi

Mod

Low

Hi

Mod

Low

Hi

Mod

Low

Priority

Action

1

Unacceptable risk – immediate response

2

High risk – prioritised schedule

3

Moderate risk – planned action

(28)

Nick Coleman

MSc (Arb) MArborA CEnv

Colin McDonald

Tech ArborA

39 Catton Grove Road, Norwich, Norfolk, NR3 3NJ

Tel:

01603 721552

Email:

treecarenorwich@aol.com

Web:

www.treecareconsultants.com

APPENDIX 4

TREE SCHEDULE

(29)

Tree No Type Tag No Spec ies Bot anic al Age Heigh t Con ditio n Iden tifie dH azar d Ris k Size ofha zard Targ et Prio rity Act ion

1 T 501 Lawson Cypress Chamaecyparis

lawsoniana SM 12

An open grown narrow tree. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter.

Branches Remote Small High 4 No maintenance work

required at present.

2 T 502 Scots Pine Pinus sylvestris M 20

An open grown tree with single stem and full spreading crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. There is a split and hanging branch in the upper crown.

Deadwood Unlikely Medium High 3

Clean out the crown of deadwood, suppressed and crossing branches. Remove the split and hanging branch in the upper crown.

3 T 503 Holly Ilex aquifolium SM 9

A naturally seeded tree growing beside the historic boundary wall. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Juvenile crown with minimal deadwood. As this tree increases in size it may put direct pressure on the wall structure.

Roots Unlikely Medium High 3

Fell to near ground level and treat with systemic herbicide.

4 T 504 Scots Pine Pinus sylvestris M 18

An open grown tree with distorted, spreading and open crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. A long principal limb extends over the highway.

Deadwood Unlikely Medium High 3

Clean out the crown of deadwood, suppressed and crossing branches. Tip reduce the extended branch over the highway.

5 T 505 Cherry Plum Prunus M 5

An open grown shrubby tree with leaning contorted stem. No signs of recent soil cracking or heaving. No visible signs of significant stem decay or

(30)

6 T 506 Scots Pine Pinus sylvestris SM 18

A narrow tree which has grown with a leaning habit. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main leaning stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs.

Deadwood Remote Small High 4 No maintenance work

required at present.

7 T 507 Scots Pine Pinus sylvestris M 20

An open grown tree that has previously lost its upper crown and re-established a crown with extended branches. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Extended and end loaded branch to the of the crown. There is a split and hanging branch in the lower crown.

Branches Probable Medium High 2

Clean out the crown of deadwood, suppressed and crossing branches. Reduce the end loading of the extended branch over the highway. Remove the split and hanging branch in the lower crown.

8 T 508 London Plane Platanus X

hispanica M 19

An open grown tree with single stem and full spreading crown. There has been some incursion into the surface root zone to construct the bin store but there are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. There is an open cavity 25cm deep at 2.5m from ground level to the south. There is dense ivy that has recently been severed. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. Low branches over highway. Branches have previously been cut back from the service wires.

Low Branches Possible Medium High 2

Clean out the crown of deadwood, suppressed and crossing branches. Raise low branches over the highway to 5.5m. Carry out further investigation of the cavity at the stem base with a Picus Tomograph.

9 T 509 Holly Ilex aquifolium SM 5

Naturally seeded tree with dominant and subdominant stems. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Juvenile crown with minimal deadwood.

Branches Remote Small High 4 Remove the subdominant

stem.

10 T 510 Lawson Cypress Chamaecyparis

lawsoniana SM 12

Conical conifer tree. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter.

Branches Remote Small High 4 No maintenance work

(31)

11 T 511 Lawson Cypress Chamaecyparis

lawsoniana SM 10

Conical conifer tree. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Juvenile crown with minimal deadwood.

Branches Remote Small High 4 No maintenance work

required at present.

12 T 512 Lawson Cypress Chamaecyparis

lawsoniana SM 12

Conical conifer tree. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. Tight V shaped

compression fork with included bark at 2m from ground level. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Liable to structural failure at stem union.

Stem Union Possible Large High 2 Fell to near ground level.

13 T 513 Yew Taxus baccata SM 12

Woodland edge tree with leaning stem. The canopy is suppressed on the woodland side. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Light ivy covering the main stem. The ivy was severed on the day of inspection. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter.

Branches Remote Medium High 4 No maintenance work

required at present.

14 T 514 Yew Taxus baccata SM 13

Woodland edge tree with leaning stem. The canopy is suppressed on the woodland side. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Light ivy covering the main stem. The ivy was severed on the day of inspection. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter.

Branches Remote Medium High 4 No maintenance work

required at present.

15 T 515 Beech Fagus sylvatica SM 18

An open grown tree with single stem and full spreading crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Light ivy covering the main stem. The ivy was severed on the day of inspection. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. Light ivy cover

Deadwood Unlikely Small High 4 No maintenance work

(32)

18 T 518 Yew Taxus baccata Y 4.5

Subdominant inner woodland tree with narrow stem and light suppressed crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Unbalanced and one sided crown shape.

Deadwood Remote Small Low 4 No maintenance work

required at present.

19 T 519 Yew Taxus baccata M 18

An open grown tree with multistemmed crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. Some branch stubs in the lower crow.

Deadwood Unlikely Medium Moderate 4 Remove the branch stubs in

the lower crown.

20 T 520 Sycamore Acer

pseudoplatanus SM 18

Woodland edge tree with leaning stem. The canopy is suppressed on the woodland side. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter.

Deadwood Unlikely Small Moderate 4 No maintenance work

required at present.

21 T 521 Scots Pine Pinus sylvestris SM 21

An open grown tree with single stem and full spreading crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter.

Deadwood Unlikely Medium Moderate 4 No maintenance work

required at present.

22 T 522 Holly Ilex aquifolium SM 13

A multistemmed tree with dominant and subdominant stems. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter.

Deadwood Remote Small Moderate 4 No maintenance work

(33)

23 T 523 Hornbeam Carpinus betulus SM 14

Woodland tree with narrow stem with little taper supporting light suppressed crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Light ivy covering the main stem. The ivy was severed on the day of inspection. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter.

Deadwood Remote Small Moderate 4 No maintenance work

required at present.

24 T 524 Hornbeam Carpinus betulus Y 7

Subdominant inner woodland tree with narrow stem and light suppressed crown.. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter.

Deadwood Unlikely Medium Low 4

Poor quality tree. Fell in favour of neighbouring trees.

25 T 525 Hornbeam Carpinus betulus SM 14

Woodland tree with narrow stem with little taper supporting light suppressed crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Minimal root buttress flare and slender stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter.

Deadwood Remote Small Moderate 4 No maintenance work

required at present.

26 T 526 Sycamore Acer

pseudoplatanus M 21

An open grown tree with single stem and full spreading crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. At 3.5m from ground level the stem divides into two co-dominant stems. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter.

Deadwood Unlikely Small Moderate 4 No maintenance work

required at present.

27 T 527 Beech Fagus sylvatica M 21

Woodland edge tree with leaning stem. The canopy is suppressed on the woodland side. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. At 3.5m from ground level the stem divides into two co-dominant stems. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Branch tip die back at the crown extremities.

Deadwood Unlikely Small Low 4

No maintenance work required at present. Monitor for physiological decline.

(34)

28 T 528 Holly Ilex aquifolium SM 10

Woodland edge tree with leaning stem. The canopy is suppressed on the woodland side. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter.

Branches Remote Small Low 4 No maintenance work

required at present.

29 T 529 Silver Birch Betula pendula M 24

An open grown tree with single stem and full spreading crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Light ivy covering the main stem. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Light ivy cover within the crown. The ivy was severed on the day of inspection.

Deadwood Remote Small Low 4 No maintenance work

required at present.

30 T 530 European Larch Larix decidua M 24 A significantly leaning tree with defined tension and

compression stresses at the stem base. Main Stem Possible Very

Large Moderate 2 Fell to near ground level.

31 T 531 Western Red

Cedar Thuja plicata SM 18

Woodland tree with narrow stem with little taper supporting light suppressed crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. The crown contains a natural amount of deadwood.

Deadwood Remote Small Low 4 No maintenance work

required at present.

32 T 532 Common Oak Quercus robur Y 14

Subdominant inner woodland tree with narrow stem and light suppressed crown.. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Unbalanced and one sided crown shape.

Deadwood Remote Small Low 4 No maintenance work

required at present. 33 T 533 Common Oak Ash Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior M 25

Two trees growing in close proximity. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Light ivy covering the main stem. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs. Dense ivy cover throughout the crown. The ivy was severed on the day of inspection.

Deadwood Unlikely Medium Moderate 4 No maintenance work

(35)

34 T 534 Yew Taxus baccata Y 7

Woodland edge tree with leaning stem. The canopy is suppressed on the woodland side. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter.

Deadwood Remote Small Moderate 4 No maintenance work

required at present.

35 T 535 Yew Taxus baccata SM 14

A double stemmed tree with some heartwood decay evident but no sign of imminent failure. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter.

Main Stem Remote Large Moderate 4 Monitor the decay at the

stem base.

36 T 536 Yew Taxus baccata Y 6

Woodland edge tree with leaning stem. The canopy is suppressed on the woodland side. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter.

Deadwood Remote Small Moderate 4 No maintenance work

required at present.

37 T 537 Common Lime Tilia X europaea M 28

A very large open grown tree with four co-dominant main limbs. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. The crown has previously been maintained several years ago. There is a damaged branch in the lower and a crossing branch over the car park area.

Branches Possible Medium Moderate 3

Clean out the crown of deadwood, suppressed and crossing branches.

38 T 538 Yew Taxus baccata Y 7.5

Woodland edge tree with leaning stem. The canopy is suppressed on the woodland side. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter.

Deadwood Remote Small Moderate 4 No maintenance work

required at present.

39 T 539 Sycamore Acer

pseudoplatanus SM 20

Woodland tree with narrow stem with little taper supporting light suppressed crown. Profuse ivy covering the main stem limiting inspection. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter. Decay and shear crack evident at the stem base possibly due

(36)

40 T 540 Holly Ilex aquifolium Y 6.5

Subdominant inner woodland tree with narrow stem and light suppressed crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Juvenile crown with minimal deadwood.

Roots Unlikely Medium Moderate 4 No maintenance work

required at present.

41 T 541 Sycamore Acer

pseudoplatanus SM 20

Woodland tree with narrow stem with little taper supporting light suppressed crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter.

Deadwood Unlikely Medium Moderate 4 Remove the larger pieces of

deadwood with a polesaw.

42 T 542 Portugal Laurel Prunus lusitanica SM 8

Shrubby, multistemmed woodland edge tree. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Low branches overhang the neighbouring domestic garden.

Branches Unlikely Medium Moderate 4

Raise low branches over the neighbouring domestic garden.

43 T 543 Apple Malus SM 10

Subdominant inner woodland tree with narrow stem and light suppressed crown.. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter.

Deadwood Unlikely Medium Low 4 Remove the larger pieces of

deadwood with a polesaw.

44 T 544 Holly Ilex aquifolium M 13

A multistemmed tree with dominant and subdominant stems. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs.

Branches Remote Medium Moderate 4 No maintenance work

required at present.

45 T 545 Holly Ilex aquifolium M 13

A multistemmed tree with dominant and subdominant stems. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter. Some suppressed and crossing branches, small wounds and stubs.

Branches Remote Medium Low 4 No maintenance work

(37)

46 T 546 Horse Chestnut Aesculus

hippocastanum Y 8

Double stemmed, leaning, woodland edge tree. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Juvenile crown with minimal deadwood.

Deadwood Remote Small Low 4 No maintenance work

required at present.

47 T 547 Silver Birch Betula pendula SM 18

A naturally seeded tree with a sweeping lean, growing on an old stump. The roots are under tension. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. The roots are under tension. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small diameter deadwood within the crown up to 2.5cm in diameter.

Roots Unlikely Large Low 4 Fell.

48 T 548 Horse Chestnut Aesculus

hippocastanum Y 7

Established young tree with juvenile crown and minimal hazard potential. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Juvenile crown with minimal deadwood.

None Remote Small Low 4 No maintenance work

required at present.

49 T 549 Sycamore Acer

pseudoplatanus SM 18

An open grown tree with single stem and full spreading crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. No visible signs of significant stem decay or structural faults. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter.

Deadwood Unlikely Medium Moderate 4 Remove the larger pieces of

deadwood with a polesaw.

50 T 550 Yew Taxus baccata M 8

A previously subsided tree due to root severance by fencing contractors. It has re-established sending up vertical shoots.

Roots Unlikely Large Low 4 No maintenance work

required at present.

51 T 551 Holm Oak Quercus ilex M 19

An open grown tree with single stem and full spreading crown. There are no visible signs of instability of the roots. Single main stem with natural root flare and stem taper. There is an open cavity at the stem base with evidence of decay of the central root crown. There is some signs of compensation growth around the stem base. There is an old ''tear out' wound on one of the two main limbs. Natural amount of small and medium sized deadwood in the crown, below 10cm in diameter.

Branches Unlikely Medium Low 4

Carry out further investigation and decay mapping with Picus Tomograph.

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