CIVIL ENGINEERING BRIDGE Engineering - Bridge Design Manual.pdf

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Washington State Department of Transportation

Bridge

Design

Manual

M 23-50

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Bridge

Design

Manual

M 23-50

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Engineering Publications

Washington State Department of Transportation PO Box 47408 Olympia, WA 98504-7408 E-mail: [email protected] Phone: (360) 705-7430 Fax: (360) 705-6861 http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/fasc/EngineeringPublications/

Persons with disabilities may request this information be prepared and supplied in

alternate forms by calling the WSDOT ADA Accommodation Hotline collect

(206) 389-2839. Persons with hearing impairments may access WA State

Telecommunications Relay Service at TT 1-800-833-6388, Tele-Braille 1-800-833-6385,

or Voice 1-800-833-6384, and ask to be connected to (360) 705-7097.

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This manual has been prepared to provide Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) bridge design engineers with a guide to the design criteria, analysis methods, and detailing procedures for the preparation of highway bridge and structure construction plans, specifications, and estimates.

It is not intended to be a textbook on structural engineering. It is a guide to acceptable WSDOT practice. This manual does not cover all conceivable problems that may arise, but is intended to be sufficiently comprehensive to, along with sound engineering judgment, provide a safe guide for bridge engineering.

A thorough knowledge of the contents of this manual is essential for a high degree of efficiency in the engineering of WSDOT highway structures.

This loose leaf form of this manual facilitates modifications and additions. New provisions and revisions will be issued from time to time to keep this guide current. Suggestions for improvement and updating the manual are always welcome.

All manual modifications must be approved by the Bridge Design Engineer.

__________________________________________ M. MYINT LWIN

Bridge and Structures Engineer

Washington State Department of Transportation

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General Information Contents Page 1.1 Manual Description . . . 1 1.1.1 Purpose . . . 1 1.1.2 Specifications . . . 1 1.1.3 Format . . . 1 A. General . . . 1 B. Chapters . . . 2 C. Numbering System . . . 2 1.1.4 Revisions . . . 3 A. Manual Updates . . . 3

B. Bridge Design Instruction . . . 3

C. Record of Manual Revisions . . . 5

1.2 Bridge and Structures Office Organization . . . 1.2-1 1.2.1 General . . . 1

1.2.2 Organizational Elements of the Office . . . 1

A. Bridge and Structures Engineer . . . 1

B. Bridge Design Engineer . . . 1

C. Bridge Preservation Engineer . . . 2

D. Bridge Management Engineer . . . 3

E. Computer Applications Engineer . . . 3

F. Consultant Coordinator . . . 3

G. Architect . . . 3

H. Staff Support Unit . . . 3

I. Office Administrator . . . 3

1.3 Design Procedures and Processes . . . 1.3-1 1.3.1 Design/Check Procedures . . . 1

A. WSDOT PS&E . . . 1

B. Consultant PS&E — Projects on WSDOT Right of Way . . . 5

C. Consultant PS&E — On County and City Right of Way Projects . . . 6

1.3.2 Design/Check Calculation File . . . 7

A. File of Calculations . . . 7

B. Procedures . . . 7

C. To Be Included . . . 7

D. Not to Be Included . . . 8

E. Upon Completion of the Design Work, Fill Out a Design Completion Checklist . . . 8

1.3.3 Office Copy Review . . . 8

1.3.4 Addenda . . . 9

1.3.5 Shop Plans . . . 9

A. Bridge Shop Plans . . . 9

B. Sign Structure, Signal, and Illumination Shop Plans . . . 11

1.3.6 Contract Plan Changes (Change Orders and As-Builts) . . . 11

A. Request for Changes . . . 11

B. Processing Contract Revisions . . . 12

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General Information Contents

1.4.2 Final Design Phase . . . 1

A. Coordination With Region . . . 1

B. Technical Design Matters . . . 1

1.5 Bridge Design Scheduling . . . 1.5-1 1.5.1 General . . . 1

1.5.2 Preliminary Design Schedule . . . 1

1.5.3 Final Design Schedule . . . 1

A. Breakdown of Project Man-Hours Required . . . 1

B. Estimate Design Time Required . . . . 2

C. Monthly Project Progress Report . . . . 3

1.6 Guidelines for Bridge Site Visits . . . 1.6-1 1.6.1 Bridge Rehabilitation Projects . . . 1

1.6.2 Bridge Widenings and Seismic Retrofits . . . 1

1.6.3 Rail and Minor Expansion Joint Retrofits . . . 1

1.6.4 New Bridges . . . 1

1.6.5 Bridge Demolition . . . 1

1.99 Bibliography . . . 1.99-1

Appendix A — Design Aids

1.3-A1 Standard Design Criteria Form

1.3-A2 Exceptions to the Standard Design Criteria Form

1.3-A3 Design Completed Checklist

1.3-A4 Job File Table of Contents

1.3-A5 Office Time Report

1.3-A6 Not Included in Bridge Quantities List

1.3-A7 Special Provisions Checklist

1.5-A1 Breakdown of Project Manhours Required Form

1.5-A2 Monthly Project Progress Report Form

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Structural Steel Manual Description

1.1 Manual Description

1.1.1 Purpose

This manual is intended to be a guide for Bridge Designers and others involved with bridge design for the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT). It contains design details and methods that have been standardized and it interprets the intent of specifications. It is not intended to govern design in unusual situations nor to unduly inhibit the designer in the exercise of engineering judgment. There is no substitute for good judgment. The following axioms are given as a reminder that simple things make a big difference.

1. Gravity always works — if something is not supported, it will fall.

2. A chain reaction will cause small failures to become big failures, unless alternate load paths are available in the structure (i.e., progressive collapse).

3. Small errors, such as a drafting error or a misplaced decimal, can cause large failures.

4. Vigilance is needed to avoid small errors. This applies to construction inspection as well as in the design phase.

5. A construction job should be run by one person with authority, not a committee. It has been said that a camel is a horse designed and built by a committee.

6. High quality craftsmanship must be provided by everyone.

7. An unbuildable design is not buildable. An obvious fact often overlooked by the architect or structural designer. Think about how forms will be built, then removed if necessary. 8. There is no foolproof design.

9. The best way to ensure a failure is to disregard or ignore lessons from past failures. 10. Many problems can be avoided by using a little loving care.

1.1.2 Specifications

The AASHTO publications Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges and LRFD Bridge Design Specifications are the basic documents guiding the design of highway bridges and structures. This WSDOT Bridge Design Manual is intended to supplement AASHTO and other specifications by provid-ing additional direction, design aids, examples, and information on office practices. Where conflicts exist between this manual and the AASHTO Standard Specifications, this manual will control. When a conflict exists that is not resolved within the manual, further guidance shall be obtained from the Bridge Design Engineer or his representative.

The AASHTO publications are not duplicated in this manual. Appropriate specifications and other references are listed in Section 1.99.

1.1.3 Format

A. General

The Bridge Design Manual consists of two volumes with each chapter organized as follows: Criteria or other information

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Structural Steel Manual Description B. Chapters 1. General Information 2. Preliminary Design 3. Analysis 4. Loads

5. Reinforced Concrete Superstructures 6. Prestressed Concrete Superstructures 7. Structural Steel 8. Miscellaneous Design 9. Substructure Design 10. Detailing Practice 11. Quantities 12. Construction Costs 13. Construction Specifications 14. Inspection and Rating C. Numbering System

1. The numbering system for the criteria consists of a set of numbers followed by letters as required to designate individual subjects. This format is similar to that used by AASHTO.

Example:

5.0 Reinforced Concrete Superstructures (Chapter)

5.4 Box Girder Bridges (Section)

5.4.2 Girder (Subsection)

C. Shear Resistance 1. The Shear Diagram

a. Shear Reinforcement (1) Placement 2. Numbering of Sheets

Each section starts a new page numbering sequence. The page numbers are located in the lower outside corners and begin with the chapter number, followed by the section number, then a sequential page number.

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3. Appendices are included to provide the designer with design aids (Appendix A) and examples (Appendix B). Design aids are generally standard in nature, whereas examples are modified to meet specific job requirements.

An appendix is numbered using the chapter followed by section number and then a hyphen and the letter of the appendix followed by consecutive numbers.

Example: 5.4-A1 (Box Girder Bridges) designates a design aid required or useful to accomplish the work described in Chapter 5, Section 4.

4. Numbering of Tables and Figures

Tables and figures shall be numbered using the chapter, section, subsection in which they are located, and then a hyphen followed by consecutive numbers.

Example: Figure 5.4.2-1 is the first figure found in Chapter 5, section 4, subsection 2. 1.1.4 Revisions

A. Manual Updates

The Bridge Design Manual will change as new material is added and as criteria and specifications change.

Revisions and new material will be issued with a Publications Transmittal Form. The form will have a revision number and remarks or special instructions regarding the sheets. The revision number shall be entered on the Record of Revision sheet in this manual. This allows the user to verify that the manual is up to date.

B. Bridge Design Instruction

Special instructions regarding interpretation of criteria or other policy statements may be issued using a Bridge Design Instruction (BDI). The BDI will be transmitted in the same manner as outlined above for manual revisions. The BDI should be inserted in the appropriate place in the manual and remains in effect until the expiration date shown or until superseded by a revision to the manual. A sample BDI is shown on Figure 1.1.4-1.

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February 1997

BRIDGE DESIGN INSTRUCTION 5.1.1 CHAPTER 5 SUBJECT: Use of Concrete Class 5000 and Class 4000D

ACTION: Place this instruction in your manual and note the instruction number in your Record of Manual Revisions, 1.1.4.

TEXT There is confusion regarding the availability of Concrete Class 5000. This class of concrete is available within a 30-mile radius of Seattle, Spokane and Vancouver, Washington. “Available” means that there are concrete suppliers in these urban areas capable of supplying Concrete Class 5000 in accordance with WSDOT specifications. Outside this 30-mile radius (or near the fringe), the concrete suppliers generally do not have the quality control procedures and expertise to supply this higher strength concrete. The Construction Office or Materials Lab should be contacted for availability for project sites outside these areas.

In general, Class 4000D Concrete would be specified for bridge roadway decks outside this 30 mile radius. Class 4000D Concrete specifications require a 14-day wet cure and flyash as an additive. Typically, Class 4000 Concrete would be specified for other bridge concrete members above ground. This mix was developed by the Materials Lab to be at least as durable as Class 5000 Concrete. By utilizing the above guidelines, WSDOT will receive the most durable bridge deck at the least cost.

Approved: _________________________ C. C. Ruth

Bridge Design Engineer CCR/db

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C. Record of Manual Revisions

In order that a ready means be available to check whether a manual is up to date, each manual holder is requested to keep his copy up to date and to record Bridge Design Instructions or Revisions as material is added or changed. The form below is intended for use in keeping this record. At any time, a manual holder will be able to check his list with the list in the “master” manual.

Revision Entry By Revision Entry By Revision Entry By

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General Information Bridge and Structures Office Organization

1.2 Bridge and Structures Office Organization

1.2.1 General

The document defining the responsibilities for bridge design within the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) is the Organization Handbook. In that document, the responsibilities of the Bridge and Structures Office are stated as follows:

Provides structural engineering services for the department. Provides technical advice and assistance to other governmental agencies on such matters.

The WSDOT Design Manual states the following:

Bridge design is the responsibility of the Bridge and Structures Office in Olympia. Any design authorized to be performed at the regional level is subject to review and approval by the Bridge and Structures Office.

1.2.2 Organizational Elements of the Office A. Bridge and Structures Engineer

Responsible for structural engineering services for the department. Manages staff and programs for structure design, contract plan preparation, and inspections and assessments of existing bridges. B. Bridge Design Engineer

The Bridge Design Engineer is directly responsible to the Bridge and Structures Engineer for structural design and review, and advises other divisions and agencies on such matters. 1. Structural Design Units

The Structural Design Units are responsible for the final design of bridges and other structures. Final design includes preparation of plans. The units provide special design studies, develop design criteria, check shop plans, and review designs submitted by consultants.

Each design unit normally consists of individuals including a section supervisor and a bridge specialist. Organization and job assignments within the unit are flexible and are related to the projects underway at any particular time as well as to the qualifications of individuals. The emphasis in the design sections is on providing sound designs, checking, reviewing, and detailing in an efficient manner.

A bridge specialist is assigned to each design unit. Each specialist has a particular area of responsibility. The three areas are concrete, steel, and expansion joints and bearings. The specialist acts as a resource person for the bridge office in his specialty and is responsible for keeping up-to-date on current AASHTO criteria, new design concepts, technical publications, construction and maintenance issues.

The design units are also responsible for the design and preparation of contract plans for modifications to bridges in service. These include bridge rail replacement, deck repair, seismic retrofits, emergency repairs when bridges are damaged by vehicle or ship collision or natural phenomenon, and expansion joint and drainage retrofit. They review proposed plans of utility

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2. Bridge Projects Unit

The Bridge Projects Engineer directs preliminary design work, specification and cost estimates preparation, falsework review, and coordinates scheduling of bridge design projects with the Bridge Design Engineer and the Design Unit Supervisors.

The Preliminary Design engineers are responsible for bridge project planning from design studies to preliminary project reports. They are responsible for preliminary plan preparation of bridge and walls including assembly and analysis of site data, preliminary structural analysis, cost analysis, determination of structure type, and drawing preparation. They also review highway project environmental documents and design reports and handle Coast Guard liaison duties. The Specifications and Estimate (S&E) engineers develop and maintain construction specifications and cost estimates for bridge projects originating in the Bridge and Structures Office. They also review the specifications and cost estimates for bridge contracts prepared by consultants and other government agencies which are administered by WSDOT. They assemble and review the completed bridge PS&E before submittal to the Plans Branch. They also coordi-nate the PS&E preparation with the regions, Plans Branch, and maintain bridge construction cost records.

The Construction Support engineers are responsible for checking the contractor’s falsework, shoring, and form plans. Shop plans review and approval are coordinated with the design sections. Actual check of the shop plan is done in the design section. Field requests for plan changes come through this office for a recommendation as to approval. As built plans are prepared by this unit at the completion of a contract.

The Scheduling Engineer monitors the design work schedule for the Bridge and Structures Office and maintains records of bridge contract costs.

In addition, the unit is responsible for the Bridge Design Manual, design standards, professional activities, and AASHTO support.

C. Bridge Preservation Engineer

Directs activities and develops programs to assure the structural and functional integrity of all state bridges in service. Directs emergency response services when bridges are damaged.

1. Bridge Preservation Unit

The Bridge Preservation Unit is responsible for planning and implementation of an inspection program for the more than 3,000 fixed and movable state highway bridges. In addition, the unit provides inspection services on some local agency bridges and on the state’s 21 ferry terminals. All inspections are conducted in accordance with the National Bridge Inspection Standards (NBIS).

The unit maintains a statewide computer inventory Washington State Bridge Inventory System (WSBIS), of current information on more than 7,300 state, county, and city bridges in accordance with the NBIS. This includes load ratings for all bridges. It prepares a Bridge List of the state’s bridges which is published every two years.

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D. Bridge Management Engineer

This Bridge Management Unit is responsible for program development, planning, and monitoring of all H-Program activities. These include HBRRP funded bridge replacements and rehabilitation, bridge deck protection, major bridge repair, and bridge painting.

In addition, this unit manages the bridge deck protection program including the deck testing program and the bridge research program. It is responsible for the planning, development, coordination, and implementation of new programs (e.g., Seismic Retrofit and Preventative Maintenance), experimental feature projects, new product evaluation, and technology transfer.

E. Computer Applications Engineer

The Computer Support Unit is responsible for computer resource planning and implementation, computer user support, liaison with Management Information Systems (MIS), and computer aided engineer operation support. In addition, the unit is responsible for Standard Plan updates.

F. Consultant Coordinator

The Consultant Coordinator prepares bridge consultant agreements and coordinates consultant PS&E development activities with those of the department.

G. Architect

The Principal Architect is responsible for approving preliminary plans, preparing renderings, model making, and other duties to improve the aesthetics of our bridges and other structures. The Principal Architect works closely with staff and regions. During the design phase, designers should get the Architect’s approval for any changes to architectural details shown on the approved preliminary plan. H. Staff Support Unit

The Staff Support Unit is responsible for many support functions, such as: typing, timekeeping, payroll, receptionist, vehicle management, mail, inventory management, and other duties requested by the Bridge and Structures Engineer. Other duties include: of field data, plans for bridges under contract or constructed, and design calculations. This unit also maintains office supplies and provides other services.

I. Office Administrator

The Office Administrator is responsible for coordinating personnel actions, updating the organizational chart, ordering technical materials, and other duties requested by the Bridge and Structures Engineer. Staff development and training are coordinated through the Office Administrator. Logistical support, office and building maintenance issues are also handled by the Office Administrator.

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1.2.3 Design Unit Responsibilities and Expertise

The following is an updated summary of design responsibilities/expertise within the Bridge Design Section. Contact the unit manager for the name of the appropriate staff expert for the needed specialty. Unit Manager Responsibility/Expertise

K. N. Kirker Expansion Joint Modifications

Retaining Walls (including MSE, Tie-Back, and Soil Nail) Seismic Retrofit

Y. A. Mhatre Noise Walls

Bridge Traffic Barriers

Standard Plans for Prestressed Concrete R. T. Shaefer Coast Guard Permits

Cost Estimates

Standard Plans (other than Prestressed Concrete) Bridge Design Manual

J. A. VanLund Sign Supports, Light Standards, Traffic Signal Supports Repairs to Damaged Prestressed Girder Bridges P. T. Clarke Floating Bridges

Special Structures

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General Information Design Procedures and Processes

1.3 Quality Control/Quality Assurance (QC/QA) Process for WSDOT Bridge Designs

1.3.0 General

A. The QA/QC process for bridge designs is a critical element of quality structure plan preparation. The overall goals of the structural design process are:

• The structural design maximizes the safety of the traveling public and is in accordance with State Law.

• The structural design is in accordance with the WSDOT Bridge Design Manual, AASHTO Bridge Design Specifications, good structural engineering practice, and geometric criteria provided by the Region.

• Designed structures are durable, low-maintenance, and inspectable.

• The structural design facilitates constructibility and minimizes overall construction costs, while exhibiting a pleasing architectural style.

• The structural design contract documents are produced in accordance with customer’s needs (schedule, construction staging, and available program funding).

• Structural design costs are minimized.

• A well-organized and readable structure calculation record is produced. • Plan quality is maximized.

• Design process allows for change, innovation, and continuous improvement.

The overall goals are listed in order of importance. If there is a conflict between goals, the more important goal takes precedence.

The design unit manager determines project assignments and the QC/QA process to be used in preparation of the structural design. The intent of the QC/QA process is to facilitate production efficiency and cost-effectiveness while assuring the structural integrity of the design and maximizing the quality of the structure contract documents.

1.3.1 Design/Check Procedures

A. PS&E Prepared by WSDOT Bridge and Structures Office 1. Design Team

The design team, consisting of the Designer(s), Checker(s), Structural Detailer(s), and Specifica-tion and Estimate engineer are responsible for preparing a set of contractible, clear, and concise structural contract documents by the scheduled date and within the workforce hours allotted for the project. On large projects, the design unit manager may assign a designer additional duties as a Design Team Leader to assist the manager in planning, coordinating, and monitoring the activities of the design team. In this case, the team leader would also coordinate with the Region and the Geotechnical Branch.

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2. Designer Responsibility

The designer is responsible for the structural analysis, completeness, correctness, and quality of the plans. The designer shall provide quality control in the process of plan preparation. That is, errors and omissions need to be caught and corrected before subsequent checking and review of plans. A good set of example plans to follow, representative of bridge type, is indispensable in this regard.

During the design phase of a project, the designer will need to communicate with other stakeholders. This includes acquiring, finalizing or revising roadway geometrics, soil reports, hydraulics recommendations, and utility requirements. Constructibility issues may also require that the designer communicate with the Region or Construction Office. The bridge plans must be coordinated with the PS&E packages produced concurrently by the Region.

The designer or team leader is responsible for project planning which involves the following: a. Prepare a Design Time Estimate Bar Chart (see Section 1.5.2).

b. Identify tasks and plan order of work.

c. Prepare design criteria, which should be included in the design calculations. Use Standard Design Criteria Form, 1.3-A1-1 for routine projects. A project specific design criteria should be made when appropriate. Compare tasks with BDM office practice and AASHTO bridge design specifications.

(1) Sufficient guidelines?

(2) Deviation from BDM/AASHTO? (3) Any question on design approach?

(4) Deviation from office practices regarding design and details? (5) Other differences.

d. Meet with the Region design staff and other project stakeholders early in the design process to resolve as many issues as possible before proceeding with final design and detailing. e. Identify coordination needs with other designers, units, and offices.

f. Early in the project, determine the number and titles of sheets. For projects with multiple bridges, each set of bridge sheets should have a unique set of bridge sheet numbers. The bridge sheet numbering system should be coordinated with the Region design staff. g. At least monthly or as directed by the design unit manager:

(1) Update Project Schedule and List of Sheets. (2) Estimate percent complete.

(3) Estimate time to complete.

(4) Work with design unit manager to adjust resources, if necessary. h. Develop preliminary quantities for 90 percent complete cost estimate.

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i. Near end of project:

(1) Keep track of sheets as they are completed.

(2) Develop quantities and special provisions checklists that are to be turned in with the plans.

(3) Prepare Bar List.

(4) Enter information into the Bridge Design Record.

(5) Coordinate all final changes, including review comments from the checker, managers, specialists, the Region, and the Construction Office.

(6) Meet with Region design staff and other project stakeholders at the constructibility meeting to address final project coordination issues.

The designer shall advise and get the design unit manager’s approval whenever details deviate from the BDM office practice and AASHTO Bridge Design Specifications. The designer shall provide documentation of the structural design deviations in the calculations. The designer should inform the design unit manager of any areas of the design which should receive special attention during checking and review.

The design calculations are prepared by the designer and become a very important record document. Design calculations will be a reference document during the construction of the structure and throughout the life of the structure. It is critical that the design calculations be user friendly. The design calculations shall be well organized, clear, properly referenced, and include numbered pages along with a table of contents. The design calculations shall be archived. Computer files should be archived for use during construction, in the event that changed conditions arise. Archive-ready design and check calculations shall be bound and submitted to the design unit manager within 30 days of submitting the 100 percent PS&E. Calculations shall be stored in the design unit until completion of construction. After construction, they shall be sent to archives.

The designer is also responsible for resolving construction problems referred to the Bridge Office during the life of the contract. These issues will generally be referred through the Bridge Technical Advisor, the design unit manager, the Construction Support Unit, or the OSC Construction Unit.

3. Design Checker Responsibility

The checker is responsible to the design unit manager for “quality assurance” of the structural design, which includes checking the design and plans to assure accuracy and constructibility. The design unit manager works with the checker to establish the level of checking. The checking procedure for assuring the quality of the design will vary from project to project. Following are some general checking guidelines:

a. Design Calculations

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(2) For designs checked by an inexperienced checker, a more thorough check should be performed by the checker to enhance his/her understanding of structural design. In this case, the design unit manager should provide the checker with a design example. (3) Revision of design calculations, if required, is the responsibility of the designer. b. Structural Plans

(1) The checker’s plan review comments are recorded on the structural plans, including details and bar lists, and returned to the designer for consideration. If the checker’s comments are not incorporated, the designer should provide justification for not doing so. If there is a difference of opinion that cannot be resolved between the designer and checker, the unit manager shall resolve the issue.

(2) If assigned by the design unit manager, the checker shall perform a complete check of the geometry using CADD, hand calculations, or a geometric program.

(3) Revision of plans, if required, is the responsibility of the designer. 4. Structural Detailer Responsibility

The structural detailer is responsible for the structural plan sheets. The plans shall be neat, correct, and easy to follow and drawn to scale. The structural detailer may also assist the designer and design checker in such areas as determining control dimensions and elevations, geometry, and calculating quantities.

Some detailing basics and principles:

a. Refer to BDM, Chapter 10, for detailing practices.

b. Provide necessary and adequate information. Try to avoid repetition of information. c. Avoid placing too much information into any one sheet.

d. Plan sheets should detailed in a consistent manner and follow accepted detailing practices. e. Provide clear and separate detail of structural geometrics. Use clear detailing such as “stand

alone” cross sections or a framing plan to define the structure. f. Avoid reinforcing steel congestion.

g. Check reinforcement detail for consistency. Beware of common mistakes about placement of stirrups and ties (such as: stirrups too short, effect of skew neglected, epoxy coating not considered, etc.). Check splice location and detail, and welding locations.

h. Use cross references properly.

i. Use correct and consistent terminology. For example, the designation of Sections, Views, and Details.

j. Check for proper grammar and spelling.

k. On multiple bridge contracts, the structural detailing of all bridges within the contract shall be coordinated to maximize consistency of detailing from bridge to bridge. Extra effort will be required to assure uniformity of details, particularly if multiple design units and/or

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l. Refer to the Bridge Book of Knowledge for current special features and details used on other projects.

5. Specialist Responsibility

There are currently four specialist positions in the Bridge and Structures Office. There is a specialist assigned to each of the three design sections and one to the Bridge Preservation Section. The primary responsibility of the specialist is to act as a knowledge resource for this office. The Specialists maintain an active knowledge of their specialty area along with a current file of products and design procedures. Proactive industry contacts are maintained by the Special-ists. Specialists also provide training in their area of specialty. As contract plans are prepared by other designers, the Specialists are expected to review and initial drawings covered by their specialty area. Plans produced directly by Specialists in their specialty area should be prepared with their own stamp and signature. Specialists also assist the Bridge Engineer in reviewing and voting on amendments to AASHTO specifications. They also are responsible for keeping their respective chapters of the Bridge Design Manual up to date. The secondary responsibility of the Specialist is to serve as design section supervisor when the supervisor is absent.

There are three specialty areas in the Design Section: Concrete, Expansion Joints and Bearings, and Steel.

6. Design Unit Technical Responsibilities

Each Design Unit is responsible for maintaining a resource of technical knowledge and leader-ship. As described in the previous Section (5.), each unit has a Design Specialist (Concrete, Steel, Expansion Joints and Bearings). In addition, each Design Unit maintains a resource of technical knowledge in several technical areas. Following, is a list of all technical subjects for which a resource is maintained:

• Coast Guard Permits • Cost Estimates

• Bridge Special Provisions

• Sign Supports, Light Standards, Traffic Signal Supports • Repairs to Damaged Prestressed Girders

• Expansion Joint Modifications

• Retaining Walls (Including MSE, Tie-Back, and Soil Nail) • Seismic Retrofit

• Noise Walls

• Traffic Barrier Retrofits/Standards • Bridge Standard Plans (BDM)

The resource/leadership responsibility for these technical areas does not necessarily include responsibility for performing all of the work relating to the technical area. For many of the

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7. Specification and Estimating Engineer Responsibilities

The S&E Engineer is responsible for compiling the PS&E package for bridge and/or related highway structural components. This PS&E package includes Special Provisions (BSPs and GSPs as appropriate), construction cost estimate, construction working day schedule, test hole boring logs and other appendices as appropriate, and the design plan package.

The S&E Engineer begins work after the design unit submits copies of the 90 percent design plans. This normally occurs on or before the date specified in the Bridge Design Schedule. A set of quantities, a copy of the “Not Included in Bridge Quantities,” and a S&E Checklist are included in the PS&E package.

As a first order of business, the S&E Engineer distributes the 90 percent design plans for review by the Region and other offices. While other offices are reviewing the plan package, the S&E Engineer attends to the following duties.

• Review the job file, foundation report, and design plans to make sure that materials specified in the plans are consistent with the current Standard Specifications.

• Check the plans for engineering accuracy, completeness, and constructibility. • Create a run list of BSPs, GSPs, and appropriate Standard Specification amendments. • Compile a cost estimate file using the quantities submitted by the designers and current Unit

Cost figures for the various materials used in the bridge.

• The S&E Engineer develops a construction working day schedule which is also based on the quantities submitted by the designers.

At the same time, the S&E Engineer coordinates the Bridge and Structures Office review of the Review PS&E and responds with comments to the Region. The S&E Engineer also receives all Region review comments and distributes them to the appropriate designer for action. The S&E Engineer also participates in the Region Review Roundtable Meeting. After the Review Roundtable Meeting, all comments are addressed by the designers.

The S&E Engineer has the following responsibilities during coordination of the Final Bridge PS&E turn in.

• Make Special Provision reviews to the Bridge Special Provision word file.

• Inform the appropriate Region PS&E contact when the word file is complete and ready for transfer.

• Complete Cost Estimate and Quantity revisions to the cost estimate files.

• Electronically distribute all cost estimate file revisions to the appropriate Region PS&E contact.

Once the final Bridge Sheet mylars are printed, stamped, and signed, the S&E Engineer arranges for 11 by 17 paper prints for submittal to the appropriate Region PS&E contact. The original stamped and signed mylars are turned in to the Construction Plans Unit for storage.

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Addendum’s are created to augment the original advertised document to make sure all Contractors are advised prior to Bid Openings. These Addendum’s are coordinated with the Region and OSC Plans.

The S&E Engineer attends the award meetings to justify bids and advise whether or not to award the contract.

Other responsibilities included are:

• Special Provisions and Estimates for Change Order Work • Cost estimates in the scoping stage of a project

• Working Day information during Stage Construction planning • Initiates/Coordinates Amendment and GSP Updates

• Maintains BSP Library

8. Design Unit Manager Responsibility

a. The design unit manager is responsible to the Bridge Design Engineer for the timely completion and quality of the bridge plans.

b. The design unit manager works closely with the design team (designer, checker, and structural detailer) during the design and plan preparation phases to help avoid major changes late in the design process. Activities during the course of design include:

(1) Evaluate the complexity of the project and the designer’s skill and classification level to deliver the project in a timely manner. Determine both the degree of supervision necessary for the designer and the amount of checking that will be required by the checker.

(2) Assist the design team in defining the scope of the project, identifying the tasks to be accomplished, developing a project work plan and schedule, and assigning resources to achieve delivery of the project.

(3) Review and approve design criteria before start of design.

(4) Help lead designer conduct face-to-face project meetings, such as: project “kick-off” and “wrap-up” meetings with Region, geotechnical staff, bridge construction, and consultants to resolve outstanding issues.

(5) Assist the design team with planning, anticipating possible problems, collectively identifying solutions, and facilitating timely delivery of needed information, such as geometrics, hydraulics, foundation information, etc.

(6) Interact with design team regularly to discuss progress, problems, schedule, analysis techniques, constructibility and design issues. Always encourage forward thinking, innovative ideas and suggestions for quality improvement.

(7) Arrange for and provide the necessary resources and tools for the design team to do the job right the first time. Offer assistance to help resolve questions or problems.

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(9) Mentor and train designers and detailers on state-of-the-art practices and through the assignment of a variety of structure types.

c. The design unit manager works closely with the design team during the plan review phase. Review efforts should concentrate on reviewing the completed plan details and design calculations for completeness and for agreement with office criteria and practices. Review the following periodically and at the end of the project:

(1) Design Criteria • Seismic “a” value

• Foundation report recommendations, selection of alternates • Deviations from AASHTO, BDM, Documentation

(2) Design Time

d. Review designer’s estimated time to complete the project. Plan resource allocation to complete the project to meet the scheduled Ad Date. Monitor monthly time spent on the project. Prepare and submit to the Bridge Projects Engineer monthly time reports for each project. Estimate time remaining to complete project, percent completed, and whether project is on or behind schedule. Arrange and plan resources to ensure a timely delivery of the project within the estimated time to complete the project.

e. Advise Region of project scope and cost-creep. Use quarterly status reports to update Region and Bridge Projects Engineer.

f. Use appropriate computer scheduling software or other means to monitor time usage and to allocate resources and to plan projects.

g. Fill out Office Time Report (see Appendix 1.3-A5).

h. Review of constructibility. Any problems unique to the project? i. Check the final plans for the following:

(1) Scan the job file for unusual items relating to geometrics, hydraulics, geotechnical, environmental, etc.

(2) Overall check/review of sheet #1, the bridge layout for: • Consistency — especially for multiple bridge project • Missing information

(3) Check footing layout for conformance to Bridge Plan and for adequacy of information given. Generally, the field personnel should be given enough information to “layout” the footings on the ground without referring to any other sheets. Details should be clear, precise, and dimensions tied to base reference such as survey line or defined center line of bridge.

(4) Check the sequence of the plan sheets. They should adhere to the following order: layout, footing layout, substructures, superstructures, miscellaneous details, barriers,

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(5) Check overall dimensions and elevations, spot check for compatibility. For example, check compatibility between superstructures and substructure. Also spot check bar marks.

(6) Use one’s training, common sense, and experience to “size-up” structural dimensions and reinforcement, etc., for structural adequacy. When in doubt, prepare for a line of questioning to the designer/checker.

j. Stamp and seal the plans.

9. Bridge Design Engineer’s Responsibilities

The Bridge Design Engineer is the coach, mentor, and facilitator for the WSDOT QC/QA Bridge Design Process. The leadership and support provided by this position is a major influence in assuring bridge design quality for structural designs performed by both WSDOT and consultants. The following summarizes the responsibilities of the Bridge Design Engineer relative to QC/QA: a. When the structural contract plans are sealed by the Bridge Design Engineer, a structural/

constructibility review of the plans is performed. This is a quality assurance (QA) function as well as meeting the “responsible charge” requirements of the laws relating to Professional Engineers.

b. Review and approve the Preliminary Bridge Plans. The primary focus for this responsibility is to assure that the most cost-effective and appropriate structure type is selected for a particular bridge site.

c. Participate in coordination, scheduling, and project-related discussions with stakeholders, customers, and outside agencies relating to major structural design issues.

d. Facilitate resolution of major project design issues.

e. Review unique project special provisions and major Standard Specification modifications relating to structures.

f. Facilitate partnerships between WSDOT, consultant, and construction industry stakeholders to facilitate design quality.

g. Encourage designer creativity and innovation.

h. Exercise leadership and direction for maintaining a progressive and up to date Bridge Design Manual.

i. Create an open and supportive office environment in which Design Section staff are empow-ered to do high quality structural design work.

10. General Bridge Plan Signature Policy

The sealing and signature of bridge plans is an important element of the Bridge QC/QA process. It signifies review and responsible charge of the design and details represented in the plans. The Bridge and Structures Office intends to have at least one Licensed Structural Engineer seal and sign each contract plan sheet (except the bar list). For major projects, the Design Unit Manager

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B. PS&E Prepared by Consultant

This section is yet to be developed, but it will include the following elements: • Consultant Coordinator Responsibilities

Scope of Work

Negotiate Contract (Task Assignments)

Coordinate/Negotiate Changes to Scope of Work • WSDOT Design Reviewer/Coordinator Responsibilities

Review consultant’s design criteria and standard details early in the project Identify resources needed to complete work

Early agreement on structural concepts/design method to be used Identify who is responsible for what

Monitor progress Facilitate communication

Review for design consistency with WSDOT practices and other bridge designs in project Resolve differences

Assure that consultant’s QC/QA plan was followed during design • Design Unit Manager Responsibilities

Encourage/Facilitate communication

Early involvement to assure that design concepts are appropriate Empower Design Reviewer/Coordinator

Facilitate resolution of problems beyond ability of Reviewer/Coordinator • S&E Unit Responsibilities

Prepare Specials and Estimate based on Consultant’s special provision checklist and quanti-ties

Review plans for consistency

Forward Special Provisions and Estimate to consultant for review and comment • Bridge Design Engineer Responsibilities

Cursory review of design plans

Signature approval of S&E bridge contract package C. Consultant PS&E — On County and City Right of Way Projects

Consultants are frequently used by counties and cities to design bridges. The Highways and Local Programs Office determines which projects are to be reviewed by the Bridge and Structures Office. Where a review is required, the PS&E is sent by Highways and Local Programs to the Bridge Projects Engineer for assignment. The Bridge and Structures Office Consultant Coordinator does not become involved.

A Review Engineer will be assigned to the project and will review the project as outlined for Consultant PS&E — Projects on WSDOT Right of Way (see Section 1.3.1.B).

The plans with the reviewers’ comments should be returned to the Bridge Projects Unit where the comments will be transferred to a second set of plans which will be returned to Highways and Local Programs. The original set will be filed in the Bridge Projects Unit.

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Review is made of the Preliminary Plan first and the PS&E second. Comments are treated as advisory, although major structural problems must be corrected. An engineer from the county, city, or consultant may contact the reviewer to discuss the comments.

1.3.2 Design/Check Calculation File A. File of Calculations

The Bridge and Structures Office maintains a file of all pertinent design/check calculations for documentation and future reference.

B. Procedures

After an assigned project is completed and the bridge is built, the designer should turn in to the manager a bound file containing the design/check calculations.

C. File Inclusions

The following items should be included in the file: 1. Index Sheets

Number all calculation sheets and prepare an index by subject with the corresponding sheet numbers.

List the name of the project, SR Number, designer/checker initials, date (month, day, and year), and supervisor’s initials.

2. Design Calculations

These should include design criteria, loadings, structural analysis, one set of moment and shear diagrams and pertinent computer input and output data (reduced to 81

2inch by 11 inch sheet size).

3. Special Design Features

Brief narrative of major design decisions or revisions and the reasons for them. 4. Construction Problems or Revisions (As They Develop)

Not all construction problems can be anticipated during the design of the structure; therefore, construction problems arise that require revisions. Calculations for revisions made during construction should be included in the design/check calculation file when construction is completed.

D. File Exclusions

The following items should not be included in the file: 1. Geometric calculations.

2. Irrelevant computer information. 3. Prints of Office Standard Sheets.

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6. Preliminary design calculations and drawings unless used in the final design. 7. Test hole logs.

8. Quantity calculations.

E. Upon completion of the design work, fill out a Design Completed Checklist (Form 230-035). (See Appendix 1.3-A3.)

1.3.3 Office Copy Review

Office Copy is the compiled contract documents (plans/specials) of all involved disciplines (Region, service center, and Bridge Office). It is normally distributed for final review for compatibility, completeness, and accuracy before final printing and going to Ad with the contract.

a. Note the due date to determine priority.

b. Review the comments from any previous reviews of the Region PS&E and check to see if the items have been corrected.

c. Review all indexes for items related to traffic signals, illumination, signs, retaining walls, traffic barrier, and other structural items.

d. Review the index and verify that no bridge plans have been omitted.

e. Review pertinent sections of the special provisions for consistency with the plans, design criteria, and specifications.

f. Verify that Standard Plans and preapproved plans are called out where applicable. g. Review pertinent plan sheets.

h. Verify consistency between Region plans and bridge plans; particularly geometry, drainage, guardrail, and other pertinent items.

i. Determine if any nonstandard designs are shown or specified. If so, a structural review of them may be necessary. Note any missing specifications, Standard Plans, etc.

j. Return plans and comments to the unit manager.

1.3.4 Addenda

Plan or specification revisions during the advertising period require an addendum. The Bridge Projects Engineer will evaluate the need for the addendum after consultation with the OSC Bridge Construction Engineer, Region, and the Plans Branch. The Bridge Design Engineer or the design unit manager must initial all addenda.

For addenda to contract plans, obtain the original drawing from the Bridge Project Unit. Use shading to mark all changes (except deletions) and place a revision note at the bottom of the sheet (Region and Plans Branch jointly determine addendum date) and a description of the change. Return the original and an 11×17 reduced copy to the Bridge Project Unit who will submit the reduced copy to the Plans Branch for processing. See Chapter 10, Section 10.1.1I, for additional information.

For changes to specifications, submit a copy of the page with the change to the Bridge S&E Unit for processing.

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1.3.5 Shop Plans

The following is intended to be a guide for checking shop plans. A. Bridge Shop Plans

1. Mark one copy of each sheet with the following, near the title block, in red pencil or with a rubber stamp:

Office Copy Contract (number) (Checker’s initials) (Date)

2. On the Bridge Office copy, mark with red pencil any errors or corrections. Yellow shall be used for highlighting the checked items, and ordinary lead (gray) pencil for other comments, arithmetic, etc. (Only the red pencil marks will be copied onto the other copies to be returned to the contractor.)

3. Items to be checked are typically as follows: Check against Contract Plans, Special Provisions, and Standard Specifications.

a. Material specifications (ASTM specifications, hardness, alloy and temper, etc.). b. Size of member and fasteners.

c. Length dimensions if shown on the Contract Plans.

d. Finish (surface finish, galvanizing, anodizing, painting, etc.). e. Weld size and type and welding procedure if required.

f. Strand or rebar placement, jacking procedure, stress calculations, elongations, etc. g. Fabrication — reaming, drilling, and assembly procedures.

h. Adequacy of details. i. Erection procedure.

The following items pertain only to post-tensioning shop plans:

j. Center of gravity of post-tensioning (P/T) strands matches contract plans. k. Seating loss.

l. Friction losses.

m. Time-dependent losses. n. Steel stress diagram.

o. Elongation of strands in all tendons. These will be compared with the field measurements. (See WSDOT Construction Manual.) For curved bridges where the lengths of the exterior webs vary by more than 2 percent, separate elongations should be provided for each web. p. Anchor plate size. If nonstandard, check bearing stress on concrete and flexural stress

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q. Vent conduit at all high and low points in the spans. r. Adequate room in the concrete members for the system.

s. Interference with other reinforcement. Special attention to this item if post-tensioning (P/T) supplier proposes a different number of tendons than shown on the plans.

t. Offsets from soffit to bottom of conduits. Watch for sharp curvature of tendons near end anchorages (see minimum radius requirements in Chapter 6 of BDM Criteria).

u. Strand positions in conduit in sag and summit tendon curves. v. Stressing sequence.

w. Geometric details such as size of blockouts.

Note: Manufacturer’s details may vary slightly from contract plan requirements but must be structurally adequate and reasonable.

4. Items Not Requiring Check: a. Quantities in bill of materials.

b. Length dimensions not shown on Contract Plans except for spot checking. 5. Project Engineer’s Copy

If one copy has been marked by the Project Engineer (in green), do not use this as the office copy. Transfer his corrections, if pertinent, to the office copy using red pencil.

6. Marking Copies

When finished, mark the office copy with one of three categories (in red pencil, lower right corner).

a. APP’D

(Approved, No Corrections required.) b. AAN

(Approved as noted — minor corrections only. Do not place written questions on an approved as noted sheet.)

c. RFC

(Return for correction — major corrections are required followed by resubmittal.) If in doubt between AAN and RFC, check with the unit manager. An acceptable detail may be shown in red. Mark the plans Approved-As-Noted provided that the detail is clearly noted Suggested Correction — Otherwise Revise and Resubmit.

Do not mark the other copies. This will be done in the Construction Support Unit. The reviewer may be asked to proof the other copies after they have been marked.

Notify Project Engineer of any approved changes to the contract plans. Also notify the OSC Bridge Construction Engineer, who may have to approve a change order and provide justification

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If problems are encountered which may cause a delay in the checking of the shop plans or completion of the contract, notify the unit manager and the Construction Support Unit.

Return all shop drawings and Contract Plans to the Construction Support unit when checking is completed. Include a list of any deviations from the Contract Plans which are allowed and a list of any disagreements with the Project Engineer’s comments (regardless of how minor they may be). If deviations from the Contract Plans are to be allowed, a Change Order may be required. Alert the Construction Support Unit so that their transmittal letter may inform the Region and the OSC Bridge Construction Engineer.

B. Sign Structure, Signal, and Illumination Shop Plans

In addition to those instructions described under “Bridge Shop Plans,” the following instructions apply:

1. Review the shop plans to ensure that the pole sizes conform to the Contract Plans. Determine if fabricator has supplied plans for each pole or type of pole called for in the contract.

2. The Project Engineer’s copy may show shaft lengths where not shown on Contract Plans or whether a change from Contract Plans is required. Manufacturer’s details may vary slightly from contract plan requirements, but must be structurally adequate to be acceptable. 1.3.6 Contract Plan Changes (Change Orders and As-Builts)

A. Request for Changes

The following is intended as a guide for processing changes to the design plans after a project has been awarded.

For projects which have been assigned a Bridge Technical Advisor, structural design change orders can be approved at the Regional level provided the instructions outlined in the Construction Manual are followed.

For all other projects, all changes are to be channeled through the Construction Support Unit which will coordinate with the OSC Bridge Construction Engineer. Responses to inquiries should be handled as follows:

1. Request by Contractor or Supplier

A designer, BTA, or design unit manager contacted directly by a contractor/supplier may discuss a proposed change with the contractor/supplier, but shall clearly tell the contractor/supplier to formally submit the proposed change though the Project Engineer and that the discussion in no way implies approval of the proposed change. Designers are to inform their manager if they are contacted.

2. Request From the Project Engineer

Requests for changes directly from the Project Engineer to the design unit manager should be discouraged but may be acceptable when the Bridge Construction Engineer is not available. The Bridge Construction Engineer and Construction Support Unit should be informed of any changes.

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4. Request From the OSC Bridge Construction Engineer

Requests for changes from the OSC Bridge Construction Engineer or his/her assistants are usually made through the Construction Support Unit and not directly to the Design Unit. However, sometimes, it is necessary to work directly with the Design Unit. The Construction Support Unit should be informed of any decisions made involving changes to the Contract Plans. 5. Request From the Design Unit

Request for changes from the Design Unit due to plan error, omissions, etc., shall be discussed with the Bridge Design Engineer prior to revising and issuing new plan sheets.

B. Processing Contract Revisions

Changes to the Contract Plans or Specifications subsequent to the award of the contract may require a contract revision. To clearly identify the scope of work, it is often desirable to provide revised or additional drawings. When a revision or an additional drawing is necessary, request the original mylars from the Construction Support Unit’s Plans Technician and prepare revised or new original mylars.

Send the new mylars to the Construction Support Unit’s Plans Technician. The OSC Construction Office requires two reduced paper copies; Construction Support Unit requires one reduced paper copy; Design Unit requires one or more reduced paper copies; one full-sized paper print, stamped “As Constructed Plans,” shall be sent to the Project Engineer who shall use it to mark construction changes and upon project completion, forward them to the Construction Support Bridge Plans Technician. The Designer is responsible for making the prints and distributing them.

This process applies to all contracts including OSC Ad and Award, Region Ad and Award, or Local Agency Ad and Award.

Whenever new plan sheets are required as part of a contract revision, the information in the title blocks of these sheets must be identical to the title blocks of the contract they are for (e.g., Job Number, Contract No., Fed. Aid Proj. No., Approved by, and the Project Name). These title blocks shall also be initialed by the Bridge Design Engineer, manager, designer, and reviewer of the change before they are distributed. If the changes are modifications made to an existing sheet, the sheet number will remain the same. A new sheet shall be assigned the same number as the one in the originals that it most closely applies to and shall also be given a letter (e.g., the new sheet applies to the original sheet 25 of 53 so it will be number 25A of 53). A full size mylar of the contract revision sheet shall be stored in the Bridge Projects Unit.

Every revision will be assigned a number which shall be enclosed inside a triangle (e.g., 1 ). The assigned number shall be located both at the location of the change on the sheet and in the revision block of the plan sheet along with an explanation of the change.

Any revised sheets shall be sent to the OSC Construction Office with a written explanation describing the changes to the contract, justification for the changes, and a list of material quantity additions or subtractions.

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1.3.7 Archiving Design Calculations, Design Files, and S&E Files

Upon Award, the following information will be collected by the Bridge Standard Plans Engineer. • Design File

• S&E File

• Design Calculations

Place a job file cover sticker on the file folder (see Figure 1). Fill in all fields completely. Keep these files on site for future reference until the end of the retention period. Update the file with any contract plan changes that occur during construction. After the retention period, send the files to the Office of the Secretary of State for archiving at:

Archives & Records Management 1129 Washington Street SE Olympia, WA 98504-0238 Telephone: 360-586-4900 SR # _____ County ____________________ CS # _____ Bridge Name _____________________________________ Bridge # _______________ Contract # ________________ Contents ________________________________________ Designed by _____________ Checked by _____________ Archive Box # _____________________ Vol. # _______

Figure 1

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General Information Coordination With Other Divisions and Agencies

1.4 Coordination With Other Divisions and Agencies

During the various phases of design, it is necessary to coordinate the elements of the bridge design function with the requirements of other divisions and agencies. E-mail messages, telephone calls, and other direct communication with other offices are necessary and appropriate. Adequate communications are essential but organizational format and lines of responsibility must be recognized. However, a written request sent through channels is required before work can be done or design changes made on projects. 1.4.1 Preliminary Planning Phase

See Chapter 2.1 of this manual for coordination required at preliminary planning phase. 1.4.2 Final Design Phase

A. Coordination With Region

During this phase, final coordination of the bridge design with region requirements must be accomplished. This is normally done with the Region Project Engineer, Region Design Engineer, or Region Plans Engineer. Details such as division of quantity items between the region PS&E and bridge PS&E become highly important to a finished contract plan set. The region PS&E and bridge PS&E are combined by the Region Plans Branch. However, necessary coordination should be accomplished before this time.

During the design of a project for a region level contract, the region shall provide a copy of the proposed structural plans (such as retaining walls, barrier, large culverts, etc.) to the Bridge and Structures Office. Bridge and Structures Office will review these plans and indicate any required changes, then send them back to the region.

The region shall incorporate the changes prior to contract advertisement.

After contract advertisement, the region shall return the original plan sheets to Bridge and Structures Office. These sheets shall be held in temporary storage until the “As Constructed Plans” for them are completed by the region.

The region shall then transmit the “As Constructed Plans” to Bridge and Structures Office where they will be transferred to the original plans for permanent storage. Upon request, the region will be provided copies of these plans by Bridge and Structures Office.

B. Technical Design Matters

Technical coordination must be done with the OSC Materials Laboratory Foundation Engineer and with the OSC Hydraulic Engineer for matters pertaining to their responsibilities. A portion of the criteria for a project design may be derived from this coordination, otherwise it shall be developed by the designer subject to approval of the Bridge Design Engineer.

When two or more structures are to be let under the same contract, the designer should make a special effort to be uniform on structural details, bid items, specifications, and other items.

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General Information Bridge Design Scheduling

1.5 Bridge Design Scheduling

1.5.1 General

The Bridge Projects Engineer is responsible for scheduling and monitoring the progress of projects. The “Bridge Design Schedule” is used to track the progress of a project and is updated monthly. A typical project would involve the following steps:

A. Regions advise Bridge and Structures Office of an upcoming project.

B. The Bridge Projects Unit estimates design time required for preliminary plans, design, and S&E (see Section 1.5.2).

C. The project is entered into the Bridge Design Schedule with start and due dates for site data preliminary plan, project design, PS&E, and the ad date.

D. Bridge site data received. E. Preliminary design started.

F. Final Design Started — Designer estimates time required for final plans (see Section 1.5.3). G. Monthly Schedule Update — Each Design Unit Supervisor turns in to the Bridge Scheduling

Engineer an updated copy of the Bridge Design Schedule showing man-months used last month, man-months used to date, percentage complete, and adjustments required in the schedule. The report is due by the fourth working day of the month.

H. Project turned in to S&E unit. 1.5.2 Preliminary Design Schedule

The preliminary design estimate done by the Bridge Projects Unit is based on historical records from past projects factoring in unique features of each individual project, the efficiencies of designing similar bridges on the same project, CADD system efficiencies, designer experience, and other factors as appropriate.

1.5.3 Final Design Schedule

A. Breakdown of Project Man-Hours Required

Using a spreadsheet, list each item of work required to complete the project and the man-hours required to accomplish them. Certain items of work may have been partially completed during the preliminary design, and this partial completion should be reflected in the columns “% Completed” and “Date Completed.” Formerly, WSDOT Form 232-002 (see Appendix 1.5-A1), was used to monitor project progress. This form can still be used.

The designer or team leader should research several sources when making the final design time estimate. The following are possible sources that may be used:

The “Bridge Design Summary” contains records of design time and costs for past projects. The summary is kept in the Bridge Projects Unit. The times given include preliminary plan, design, check, drafting, and supervision as reported on the summary from the Accounting Office.

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General Information Bridge Design Scheduling

B. Estimate Design Time Required

The designer or design team leader shall determine an estimate of design time required to complete the project. The use of a spreadsheet, Microsoft Project, or other means is encouraged to ensure timely completion and adherence to the schedule. In the past, WSDOT Form 232-003 was used. Typically, the following completion percentages (percent of the total project time) from Form 232-002 are applied on Form 232-003 for the following activities:

Activity No. Percentage

1 40 2 20 3 25 4 5 5 5 7 5

Completion percentages for Activities 4, 5, and 7 are approximately 5 percent of the project total. Activity 6 is separate from design time required by needs to be included to determine the

completion date.

Activities 8 and 9 are estimates dependant on individual circumstances.

Note: Activities 1 through 5 and Activity 7 make up 100 percent of the design time required to

complete the job.

The individual activities include the specific items as follows under each major activity. Activity No. 1 Design — Includes:

1. Project coordination. 2. Geometric computations.

3. Design calculations (including time for Load Rating). 4. Complete check of all plan sheets by the designer.

5. Supervisor time related to design (estimate 10 percent of design time). Activity No. 2 Design Check — As defined in Section 1.3.1A3 — Includes:

1. Checking design at maximum stress locations.

2. Checking major items on the drawings, including geometrics. 3. Additional checking required.

4. Supervisor time related to checking (estimate 10 percent of design check time).