ZTE Site Survey

(1)

FDD-LTE Site survey

1 Regulations of site survey

1.1 Summarization

Site survey of radio network planning is a kind of heavy work which needs much patient and particularity. In order to make sure the authenticity and precision of survey data, the staff must work seriously and carry out detailed test about doubtful points. Only depend on valid and precise data will we design the network accurately, provide a valid planning report, and lay a solid foundation for the network construction in future.

1.2 Term and definition

Site survey: site survey is a procedure which is based on the design of network topology and planning sites information meeting the demand of coverage and capacity in theory, and in which existing sites meeting the demand could be found in real environment.

Planning sites: Planning sites are a series of site distributions which are based on original design of network topology

Candidate sites: These candidate sites are obtained in the work of site survey, according to the standard of site selection. After verification and acknowledgement, these candidate sites are defined as the final actual output sites.

1.3 Role and duty of Engineering Investigation

Survey engineer Be responsible for prospect of planning sites, arrangement and submission of site survey reports.

Network planning engineer Preliminarily auditing the result of planning sites prospecting, arranging and exporting planning

(3)

results and reports of planning sites survey. Confirming the iffy sites feedback from customers principal.

Simulation engineer Be responsible for the simulation verification of planning sites, making sure whether planning results accord with project demands.

Project coordination manager Carrying out project management and coordination of planning sites survey, coordinating human resources in the internal and external of project group, be responsible for plan of planning sites survey as well as daily draft and assignment of site survey task document, be responsible for command and judgement of overall progress of planning sites survey

Customers principal Confirming plans for planning sites survey, site survey results of different phases and final network planning.

1.4 Description of survey flow

This regulation will introduce flow of planning sites survey in unit of cluster.

This regulation is divided into four parts, which are survey preparation, information collection, information verification, and result confirmation.

Phase of survey preparation, Project coordination manager and Customers principal work out and confirm site survey plan.

Phase of information collection, Survey engineer carrys out site survey work according to site survey plans drawn up by Project coordination manager, network planning engineer audits survey results, collects and arranges the results.

Phase of information verification, simulation engineer provides simulation verification of site survey results according to planning and survey results. Output after verification will be

(4)

submitted to customers principal who will confirm the result. Phase of result confirmation, network planning engineer audits and arranges planning results, and then submits them to customers principal who will confirm the results. Finally, if planning results are passed, the flow of planning sites survey is over.

1.4.1 Survey preparation Reduction

specificati on

This activity could not be cut down

Threshold norm

prophase activities complete

Input 《Planning sites information》 Activities

Specificati ons

Project coordination manager determines to start planning sites survey flow according to reduced results of wireless network planning flow of specific project as well as project progress.

Project coordination manager and customers principal work out and confirm work plan of planning sites survey according to 《 Planning sites information 》 , and then Project coordination manager outputs 《scheme of planning sites survey》

Project coordination manager moves the flow forward to phase of information collection

Output 《Planning sites survey scheme》 Participati

on roles

Project coordination manager, customers principal

supporting tools MS Project；MS Office 1.4.2 Information collection Reduction specification

threshold norm Prophase activities complete input 《Planning sites survey scheme》

(5)

Activities Specifications

Project coordination manager works out survey task of next day according to 《 Planning sites survey scheme 》 , outputs 《 Task document of planning sites survey》

Project coordination manager assigns task of site survey to survey engineer.

Survey engineer carries out planning sites survey according to intraday task of survey, and outputs 《Site survey report》. In the process of planning sites survey, give priority to the selection of sites provided by customer whose parameters are adjacent to those of planning sites.

Network planning engineer checks intraday planning sites information according to site selection specification. For those candidate sites which couldn’t meet demand, project coordination manager will place them on the agenda of morrow survey.

Network planning engineer collects intraday results of survey, outputs 《 summarization of daily survey 》 and 《 site information table of planning and design》.

Project coordination manager judges the integral progress of planning sites survey, if sites survey completes, then the flow will achieve the phase of information verification, otherwise it will return to 2.

output 《Task document of planning sites survey》《Site survey report》

《summarization of daily survey》

《site information table of planning and design》 Participation

roles

Project coordination manager, customers principal, network planning engineer, survey engineer

supporting tools

MS Project ； MS Office ； GPS ； Compass ； Digital Camera ； range finder ； map of business area ；《 template of task document of planning sites survey 》；《 template of Site survey report 》；《template of summarization of daily survey 》；《template of site information table of planning and design》

1.4.3 Information verification Reduction

specification Carrying out according to requirement of actual project plan threshold norm Prophase activities complete

(6)

Activities Specifications

Simulation engineer inputs candidate sites information which were obtained in the survey according to 《 site information table of planning and design 》 into simulation tools, replaces planning sites and carries out simulation. For the sites which could not meet demand after simulation, other candidate sites will replace. If all candidate sites of the planning site could not meet demand, this planning site will be listed in morrow survey plan by Project coordination manager.

Sites information which overpasses simulation verification is submitted to customers principal who will confirm site information. If the sites information doesn’t pass the confirmation, it will be listed in morrow survey plan by Project coordination manager.

Project coordination manager will push the flow to the phase of result confirmation after receiving confirmation information from customers principal.

output none Participation

roles

Project coordination manager ， customers principal ， simulation engineer

supporting tools

ZXPOS CNS1；digital map of business area

1.4.4 Result confirmation Reduction

specificati on

threshold norm

Prophase activities complete

Input 《site information table of planning and design》 Activities

Specificati ons

Network planning engineer collects and arranges planning result according to 《site information table of planning and design》, outputs 《site information》and 《site survey report》.

Customers principal confirms planning result, and gives network planning engineer feedback on doubtful sites.

Network planning engineer confirms the reason for existence of doubtful sites and submits it to Project coordination manager, then doubtful sites will be listed in morrow planning sites survey scheme.

After customers principal confirms final planning result, Project coordination manager defines the end of planning sites survey flow, and main flow comes back.

(7)

《site survey report》 Participati

on roles

Project coordination manager ， Customers principal ， network planning engineer

Supporting tools

(8)

2 Radio network planning survey

2.1 How to choose location of sites in site survey.

For sites which will be built, general principle of site selection in site survey is listed as follows:

Site survey and site selection is accomplished by both operator and engineer of network planning and survey, engineer of network planning and survey puts forward suggestions of site selection, Operator and proprietor negotiate about the lease on house and ground. Designing institute prospects for project feasibility and completes design of apparatus room and iron tower. Network planning and survey engineer knows electromagnetic wave propagation environment and user density distribution and obtain specific longitude and latitude of sites through site survey and site selection. Generally speaking, coverage of field intensity, density distribution of telephone traffic, conditions of site construction and economic cost are taken into account in site selection. We should lay stress on the following factors in Initial layout and survey of sites.

 Site location is selected in ideal position of regular cellular network, deviation should not surpass quarter of site radius for the frequency plan and cells division.

 Layout of site density is corresponded to traffic density distribution. In the initial stage of network construction, sites are few, we should provide good coverage for important users and downtown area of large user density in the process of site selection.

 In the survey of downtown sites, the height of those little cellular sites should exceeds average building height but be

(9)

less than the highest building. For those cellular sites, the height should be less than average building height, and buildings around have a good electromagnetic shielding. In the survey of suburban and village or town sites, we should inquire and verify whether large traffic area which will be shut out around the sites location.

 In site selection of crowds of buldings in downtown area, we should avoid that there are tall buildings which are existed or will be under construction obstruct the area which need to be covered near the antenna.

 We should avoid that Sites are located near radio launch pad, radar station or other strong interference. If that location must be chosen, interference field intensity test should be done.

 Sites are located on high mountain should be avoided. Tall sites located in urban areas will cause large-scale interference and affect frequency reuse, while tall sites located in suburban or rural will lead to poor coverage in towns of small basin.

 Sites are located in the woods should be avoided, if necessary, Antenna of sites must be taller than top of trees.  There are necessary conditions of site establishment, for the

sites in downtown area: there is commercial power and grounding for lightening system, load of floor can meet the requirement of technique, ground for antenna installation on the top of building is required. For the sites in suburban and rural, commercial power is reliable, environment is safe, traffic is convenient, iron tower or other infrastructure are convenient to be built.

 We should choose buildings whose reconstruction cost of apparatus room is low and whose rental is cheap as location of sites.

(10)

 We should choose existing telecommunication hub buildings, post office or Microwave sites as location of sites and make use of their apparatus room, power supply as well as iron tower on the precondition of not affecting layout of sites.  After determination of using microwave for transmission, we

should take feasibility of other kinds of transmission, cost and transmission performance. For the supply of electricity, don’t use agricultural electrical power directly, otherwise it will affect the regular work of base station because of unstable voltage.

 In downtown area, locations of sites from two different systems should be the same or close.

 Sectors direction of site can’t be sheltered obviously, we should confirm that any buildings in the range of 100 meters right opposite to sectors can’t be taller than antenna height.

 Shelter from buildings of large area should be prohibited in the range of 200 meters right opposite to sectors

 Antenna height should surpass buildings around 10-15 meters. In dense urban, antenna height should surpass buildings around 10 meters. In nondense urban, antenna height should surpass average height around 15-20 meters. If antenna height is too high, it will lead to fade zone and strong interference all around.

 Solid angle of GPS installation can’t be less than 90 degree, obvious shelter around can’t exist, and space for GPS installation is required.

 We should confirm that there will be enough space for putting up the aerial. For LTE sites which have same locations with sites of other systems, requirement for isolation degree should be guaranteed, while enough space for antenna

(11)

installation is required.

 Apparatus room, space for rack, power supply and transmission should be provided, normal wiring is required.  Description of environment around in site survey should be

provided in direction, including geomorphology, interference conditions, and important areas need to be well covered. Physiognomy item corresponds to specification of the definition according to Physiognomy around, choose corresponding numbers at the same time. Interference conditions correspond to interference which may exist around and provide interference information. Important area of good coverage means whether there are areas around sites which need to be well covered. If areas exist, select corresponding numbers according to categories.

Nowadays, before site survey, the operator has a global assumption of site selection, some sites even have specific locations. Planning and survey engineer of our company can judge whether locations of sites selected by operator are reasonable, if not suitable, we can carry out site survey and choose sites which are more suitable, then provide operator with reason and suggestions so that operator can make a final decision(written confirmation).

2.2 How to confirm antenna pattern of sites

About selection of antenna, we usually conform to the following principles:

Generally speaking, in urban areas or some special areas of terrain and physiognomy, there are many tall buildings and reflectors which lead to much reflection and multipath, in order to minimize the interference with other sites, we often choose antennas whose HBWD is 65 degree.

(12)

guarantee coverage, we can use directional antenna with high gain on condition that landform is flat. For example, antenna whose gain is 18.5dBi, degree of horizontal 3dB is 65, degree of vertical 3 dB is 6.5 can be adopted.

Moreover, if necessary, directional antenna with electrical down-tilting and null fill can be selected.

For omnidirectional antenna, gain is often 11 dBi, degree of vertical 3dB is 7. We can choose antenna with electrical down-tilting and null fill according to the terrain.

For example, in mountainous areas where coverage range of sites is deeply influenced by environment, Omni sites are recommended. Sometimes, sites are located on high mountains for good coverage, and these sites are supposed to cover towns and roads nearby at the same time. In some situations, if there is a town in low area with high mountains surrounded, there will be near-point weak coverage when there are buildings of high density in the town which almost happen several hundred meters away from the sites. We need to seriously survey the location and altitude of the site and town which are in covered area. and survey the top of mountains where the sites are located when it is necessary to make sure if omni antenna with electrical down-tilting is necessary and which type should be selected. Moreover, when setting up a site in the town, we should choose the location and the type of antenna according to the shape of the town and characteristic of the building, and the coverage of low traffic or blocked area should not be concerned if necessary. Table 2.1 describes antenna selection of sites in the top of high mountains.

(13)

coverage type omnidirectio nal coverage of top mountains illustra tion scope of application Omnidirectional sites

Sites are built on the top of mountain, service area is hillside and its surroundings

example antenna

manufacturer：KATHREIN model：736349、738664、737190

remark

As omnidirectional antenna can hardly contain mechanical down-tilting, omnidirectional antenna with electrical down-tilting should be adopted in order to guarantee good coverage.

About specific antenna selection, please refer to appendix 3.3: technical file “method of antenna selection”

2.3 Test equipment list in site survey.

Generally speaking, following devices are necessary in site survey.

1. GPS Test longitude, latitude, altitude of site location.

2. Compass Judge the direction to know conditions of sites around.

3. Test mobile Knowing the basic situation about coverage of existing sites which affect surrounding candidate sites.

4. Tape For necessary measurement.

5. Telescope(not necessary) Extend the range of vision 6. (Digital) camera(not necessary) Get pictures of location of

candidate sites and situation around sites, in order to judge and make a further choice as well as being put on record. 7. Testing equipments (not necessary) Testing the coverage of

existing sites surrounding candidate sites, knowing coverage of original sites, putting testing data on record.

(14)

8. testing vehicle each survey group needs one at least(if survey area is a mountainous area or hilly ground, vehicles suitable for long journey in mountains should be needed.)

2.4 matters need attention in survey of substitution sites.

If newly-built sites are substitution sites, in this case, we must know data of original sites, such as site type configuration, kinds of mixer(half or quarter), transmit power of amplifier and so on. Details can be found in site survey table-substitution part of the appendix. If necessary, we should explain to operators that coverage of newly-built sites may be different from that of original sites. Only in this way can we avoid dispute about coverage in future.

2.5 Other supplementary specification

1. For the sites next to boundary, operators need to provide external cells information.

2. Reminding operators of maximum configuration about all kinds of equipment at necessary time.