In-text citations and Works Cited Sources

MLA FORMAT

 _{This acronym stands for an}

organization that provides guidelines for citing

sources during a research essay / project.

 _{They provide the rules and}

expectations for accurate research and

documentation for English and Humanity classes

M

L

FORMATTING AN ESSAY

FOLLOWING MLA FORMAT



Typed



12 point font size



Times New Roman font



Double Spaced



1 inch margins on all sides



Last name and page number (just a

number) at the top, right margin of each

page

The

ENTIR

E

IN-TEXT CITATIONS AND

PARENTHETICAL

REFERENCES



In-texts citations are a way

to reference a source by

giving immediate source

information and authority

without interrupting the

flow of the essay / project



This format uses direct

quotes to cite the exact

words of others and

parentheses to provide

source citation information

 Dr. Ro bert F isch, p rofess_or in the Depa_rtmen t of Pedia

trics a_{t the} Unive

rsity o

f Minn_esota , states

that “

Childr_{en m} ay not re

ach th_{eir po}

tentia_l in lan

guage _deve

lopm ent if they _{are n}

ot ext_ensive ly engag

ed in l_iterac y activiti

es sta

rting in infanc_{y” (21}

95).

The first word in the

parenthesis should match up with the first word found in the Works

BASIC RULES

FOR IN-TEXT CITATIONS

 _{All information that you provide in} an essay or in a project that you had to look up MUST be cited within the body of your text

 _{You can summarize and paraphrase} this information in your own words, or you can use a direct quote from the source

 _{Directly after you summarize,} paraphrase, or use a direct quote, you have to add a parenthetical citation

 _{This is the first words from the}

sources Works Cited citation that are placed in parenthesis after summarizing, paraphrasing, or using a direct quote



Children

are able

to

hear the

way peo

ple

adapt diff

erent vo

ice

intonatio

ns and

volumes

, differen

t

rhythms

and voice

s

and the p

ace in w

hich

people sp

USING DIRECT QUOTES



All direct quotes must be

integrated into the content

of your essay or

presentation without

interrupting the flow of

your words



To help you integrate direct

quotes, you must provide

an introduction to your

quote before you drop in

the direct quote



NO NAKED QUOTES



Lorene H

amasaki, _director of Familie_{s for Lite}

racy, offers su_ggestion

s for parents t_{o celebra}

te and encourag

e reading _with their child_{ren; spec}

ifically, “parents _{should en}

courage children t_{o handle}

books themselv_{es and to}

help create an

understa

nding of morals an

d values, _parents should re

late the s_{tory to} aspects o

ADDING OR CHANGING

WORDS

TO A DIRECT QUOTE



Sometimes when you

find a direct quote that

you want to use, it does

not always flow well with

the rest of your words

from the prior sentences



You can change or add

words to a direct quote

by putting brackets

[word] around the words

you want to add or

change



According _{to Seymo} ur Itzkoff, Pro_{fessor of} Education

at both H_unter College an

d Smith Co_llege, “it is impo

rtant for” t_he infants de_velopmen

t of language “_{to hear pe}

ople around [th

DELETING WORDS

FROM A DIRECT QUOTE



Sometimes you might find

really long quotes, where only

part of the quote is what

should be used as your

evidence



You can take out words from a

quote and make it shorter by

using ellipses (…)



You must make sure that the

words remaining in the direct

quote are the evidence that

you need to support your

argument



Do NOT overuse ellipses



Parents a_{ct as mo}

dels to their child

ren. Spec_ifically, “children

’s concep_{ts of} literacy a

re especia_lly influence

d by their interacti_{ons with}

parents… Reading a_chievem

ent…has been fou

nd to stro_ngly correlate

with par_ents’ interest in

literacy a_{nd with} the qualit_{y of pare}

nts’ verbal in_teraction

with their child

in the pr_eschool years” (F

PARENTHETICAL

REFERENCES:

HOW TO CITE YOUR

SOURCES



Book with author

 _{(Last name Page #).}



Book without an author

 _{(Title Page #).}



Book with multiple authors

 _{(Last name and Last name Page #).}

 _{(Last name, Last name, and Last name Page #).}

 _{(Last name et al. Page #).}



Book with authors with the same last name

MORE PARENTHETICAL

REFERENCES



Website with Author

 _{(Last Name “Title of Article”).}



Website without an Author

 _{(“Title of Article”).}



Lecture

 _{(Last Name Date of Lecture).}



Personal Interview

 _{(Last Name of Person Interviewed Date of Interview).}



Image

WORKS CITED PAGE



The Works Cited page is the last page of an essay or project

It lists out each source that is used within the essay or

project



The first word listed in each entry should match up with the

in-text (or parenthetical) citations found within the essay or

project

 _{In other words, EVERY citation on the Works Cited page should}

match up with an in-text (or parenthetical) citation found in the essay or project

 _{EVERY in-text (or parenthetical) citation found in the essay or}

WORKS CITED PAGE

RULES

 _{12 point, Times New Roman Font}

 _{Continue with last name and page number on top, right of page}

 _{Title the page Works Cited}

 _{Center the title}

 _{Do not put the title in quotes, do not underline it, do not bold it, etc.}

 _{Left align the first line of each entry}

 _{Indent the second (and all other lines) of each entry}

 _{Alphabetize citations by the first word of the entry}

 _{Double space the entire page}

CITING SOURCES

FOR A WORKS CITED PAGE



Book with one author

Last name, First name. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Copyright date. Type of Text.



Book with more than one author

Last name, First name and First name Last name. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Copyright date. Type of Text.



Book without an author

Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Copyright date. Type of Text.

If one of these elements is not provided,

then skip it and move to

CITING SOURCES

FOR A WORKS CITED PAGE



An article

Last name ,First name. "Title of Article." Title of Journal Volume number. Issue number (Copyright Year): Pages. Type of text.



Website

Last name, First name (of author or company). “Title of Article.” Title of Website. Name of institution / organization affiliated with the site (sponsor or publisher), copyright date. Type of text. Date of access. URL.

 _{If there is no publisher, use n.p.}

 _{If there is no copyright date, use n.d.}

If one of these elements is not provided,

then skip it and move to

CITING SOURCES

FOR A WORKS CITED PAGE



A lecture

Last name, First name. “Title of Lecture.” Name of Organization. The location of the lecture, the date of lecture. Type of text.



An interview

Last name, First name. Personal interview. Date of interview.



An Image

Last name, First name. Name of the art piece. Copyright date. Name of the place and city where the work is housed. Type of text. Date of access.

If one of these elements is not provided,

then skip it and move to

WORKS CITED

Fisch et. all. "Project Read--The Importance of Early Learning: Read to Your Child." American Family Physician 56.9 (2007): 2195-2198. Print.

Hamasaki, Lorene. "Families for Literacy." Library Adult Literacy Program. Vallejo Public Library. 21 Jan. 2006. Lecture.

Itzkoff, Seymour. Children Learning to REad: Aguide for Parents and Teachers. Connecticut: Praeger Publishing, 1996. N. pag. Print.

Mackey, Kitty. “Research Process Daisy.” Information and Research Instruction Suite. Clark University. 2008. Web. 13 October 2011.

http://www.clark.edu/Library/iris/types/research_process/research_process_p3.shtml

Otto, Beverly. Language Development in Early Childhood. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc., 2006. N. pag. Print.

Poe, Maurice. "Art of Story Telling." Children's Literature. Department of Teacher Education, Sacramento State University. 30 Jan. 1996. Lecture.

FORMATTING AN ESSAY

FOLLOWING MLA FORMAT

 _{In the upper left-hand corner of}

the first page, list

 _{your name}

 _{your instructor’s name}

 _{the course}

 _{the date}

 _{Make sure to double space}

between each line.

 _{Skip one line and center the Title}

 _{The Title should be 12 point,}

Times New Roman font and look like the rest of the text



DO NOT…

 _{Underline Title}

 _{Put “Title” in quotes}

 _{Bold Title}

 _{Italicize Title}

 _{Write TITLE in capital letters}

 _{Skip a line between the title and}

the first paragraph

The

1

PAGE

FORMATTING AN ESSAY

FOLLOWING MLA FORMAT

Ann 1

Rebecca Ann

Ms. McKee

English 1

11/14/07

English is so Hot Right Now

The

1

PAGE