v GSAS/QSAS Technical Guide

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T his doc ument ha s be en de ve loped to a ss is t the c ons tr uc ti on indus tr y and the publi c im pleme nt the GSAS /QS AS R ati ng sc he me for it s pr ojec t. P roduc ed by GO R D, thi s do cument pr ovides a n indi spe ns able guidi ng r ef er enc e for GSAS /QS AS a ss es sor s, pr ojec t ma na ge rs , cons ult ants , de ve loper s, buil ding owne rs a nd tena nts , fa cil it y mana ge rs a nd ope ra tor s, c ontr ac tor s, a nd pr od uc t manuf ac tur er s. No pa rt of th is doc ument may be r epr oduc ed in any for m b y any mea ns . GO R D us es it s be st ef for t to ge t re li ab le inf or mat ion a nd ca nnot ac ce pt re spons ibi li ty for a ny er ror s and o mi ss ions in thi s publi ca ti on. How eve r, c omm ents of r ea de rs on er ror s o r inac cur ac ie s ar e we lcome d.

v1.0-2012

GSAS/QSAS Technical Committee

Gulf Organisation for Research & Development Suite 203, Level 2, Tech 1 Building

Qatar Science & Technology Park August 2013

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Special Note

The primary objective of developing GSAS/QSAS is to create a sustainable built environment that minimizes ecological impact while addressing the specific regional needs and environment of the country. In Qatar, the Ministry of Environment has introduced a new section in the latest version of Qatar Construction Specifications (QCS 2010) entitled SEC (7) Green Construction where GSAS/ QSAS has been acknowledged as the only rating schemes to be applied for the sustainability assessment of green building’s design, construction, and operations.

GSAS/QSAS Industrial Advertising Policy

GSAS/QSAS Technical Guide has been developed to provide practical guidance for the construction industry by offering a performance-based sustainable built environment rating schemes customized to the unique conditions and requirements of the country or region. The creation of the GSAS/QSAS rating schemes are determined by the need to encourage and promote innovation in the design, construction and operation of responsible and sustainable built environments that minimizes ecological impact while addressing the specific regional needs and environment of the country. Measurements for the rating schemes are designed to be performance-based and quantifiable, wherever possible.

In referring to GSAS/QSAS Technical Guide and certifying the set targets for the statistical outcomes of the sustainable built environment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied that the proper design, product selections, components sizing, system choices, safety or other building and system design considerations has been approved by GORD. For such considerations other sources need to be inspected, depending on local regulations, client specifications and contractual agreements. All applying codes and standards are in no way subsumed or affected by GSAS/QSAS approach which only targets the outcomes of the sustainable built environment. The benefits of such approach are not to impinge on the design freedom which leads to market acceptance, innovations, and the maturity of the supply chain, which can accelerate the adoption of more stringent code over time.

Disclaimer

GORD accepts no responsibility for any unauthorized revisions or amendments by others of this Technical Guide and may take legal action to prevent such tampering or distribution of tampered Technical Guide.

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The GSAS/QSAS manuals, toolkits, and project management suites are still undergoing minor updates. Some of the GSAS/QSAS references that GORD used in this Technical Guide may not be the latest published version, and certain parts to which GORD refers might have been changed since its first use. Experts users of this Technical Guide need to purchase all necessary GSAS/QSAS materials in their latest version.

Copyright

The information contained in this document is the property of Gulf Organisation for Research and Development (GORD) unless explicitly stated to the contrary. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form by any means without permission in writing from GORD, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages. Requests for permission should be emailed at [email protected].

This Technical Guide is made publicly available for information purposes only and shall not be used in a derogatory manner, in a misleading context or for commercial purposes. Its use for assessment, certification or conformance must be in accordance with GORD internal procedures and requires interpretation by GORD and GSAS/QSAS specialists. Any party wishing to use this Technical Guide to offer assessment, certification or conformance must apply to GORD for GSAS/QSAS training, qualifying certificates, and memberships; fees will normally be charged. GORD will not unreasonably refuse such applications.

Trademarks

QSAS, GSAS, GSAS/QSAS-ACGP, GSAS/QSAS-CGP, GSAS/QSAS-NH&PK, GSAS/QSAS-SPORT, GSAS/QSAS-HOTEL, GSAS/QSAS-MSQUE, GSAS/QSAS-LINDU, GSAS/QSAS-CONST, GSAS/QSAS-URBAN, GSAS/QSAS-CIVIL, GSAS/QSAS-ARCHI, GSAS/QSAS-MECHL, GSAS/QSAS-ELECT, GSAS/QSAS-ENVIR, GSAS/QSAS-ACOUS, are all registered trademarks owned by GORD and may not be used without GORD’s written permission.

Acknowledgements

GORD would like to acknowledge the efforts and contributions of TC Chan Center whose collaborations were instrumental in forming the frameworks for the Global or Qatar Sustainability Assessment System.

GORD would also like to acknowledge the building technology group in Georgia Institute of Technology for their effort in the development of the energy performance standards calculation toolkits.

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Furthermore, GORD wishes to acknowledge the continuous support of the Ministry of Environment (MOE) and in particular the General Organization for Standards and Metrology for adopting GSAS/QSAS as the only rating system acknowledged by (QCS 2010).

The drafting of this Technical Guide was managed and implemented by GORD.

Abbreviations and Acronyms

CE = Cultural and Economic Values CEUs = Continuing Education Units

CPD = Continuing Professional Development

E = Energy Category

EPC = Energy Performance Coefficient EPL = Energy Performance Label

EPSCT = Energy Performance Standard Calculation Toolkit GORD = Gulf Organisation for Research and Development GSAS = Global Sustainability Assessment System

IE = Indoor Environment M = Materials Category

MO = Management and Operations

QSAS = Qatar Sustainability Assessment System GSAS/QSAS-ACGPTM = Associate Certified Green Professional GSAS/QSAS-ACOUSTM = Acoustics

GSAS/QSAS-ARCHITM = Architecture

GSAS/QSAS-CGPTM = Certified Green Professional GSAS/QSAS-CIVILTM = Civil Engineering

GSAS/QSAS-CONSTTM = Construction Typology GSAS/QSAS-SCHOLTM = Schools Typology GSAS/QSAS-ELECTTM = Electrical Engineering

GSAS/QSAS-ENVMTTM = Environmental Engineering and Science GSAS/QSAS-HOTELTM = Hotel Typology

GSAS/QSAS-LINDYTM = Light Industry Typology GSAS/QSAS-MECHLTM = Mechanical Engineering GSAS/QSAS-MSQUETM = Mosque Typology

GSAS/QSAS-NH&PKTM = Neighborhoods and Parks Typologies GSAS/QSAS-SPORTTM = Sports Typology

GSAS/QSAS-URBANTM = Urban Planning

S = Site Category

TBA = To Be Advise

UC = Urban Connectivity Category

W = Water Category

WPC = Water Performance Coefficient WPL = Water Performance Label

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Why this Technical Guide was Developed?

Buildings, neighborhoods, parks, and sports facilities are expected to fulfill a variety of requirements related to their function, applicable codes and standards, environmental and community impacts. Among these requirements is the creation of a sustainable built environment that not only minimizes its ecological impact but also preserves the values, traditions and identity of the region.

While project proponents and professionals may recognize the importance of incorporating sustainability concepts and strategies in their projects, they often employ prescriptive measures thought to provide high level of sustainability without a systematic assessment of priorities and outcomes suitable for the region.

While GSAS/QSAS was initially developed to provide the systematic assessment customized to the unique conditions and requirements of the State of Qatar, the rating schemes have been evaluated for the transition from local to a global scale. This Technical Guide addresses the best available information to allow GSAS/QSAS members and practitioners to make informed decisions. The Technical Guide was generally written for the following audiences:

 Consultants, contractors, assessors, service providers, project managers, facility managers and operators and other building professionals who can apply the intent and measurement principles of the GSAS/QSAS criterion during design developments, construction processes, and building operations

 Proponents, developers and other decision makers who can use this Technical Guide to direct the work of these professionals

 Commissioning authorities who can develop a comprehensive commissioning plan for all phases of the building process from pre-design to post occupancy to meet all the sustainable goals of the project

 Suppliers and/or vendors who can select and supply products and materials that could mitigate environmental impact due to material use

 Organizations that provide sustainable solutions for the built environment and/or that conduct training and awareness for these sustainable solutions

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How This Technical Guide is Organized?

Based on the need of the construction industry for guidance in applying GSAS/QSAS to their projects, this Technical Guide is organized into 5 major parts:

Part 1 – Knowing the Development of GSAS/QSAS Part 2 – Using GSAS/QSAS

Part 3 – Applying for Project Certifications

Part 4 – Requirements to Register a Project for Certifications Part 5 – GORD Centers of Excellence

Each part consists of sections that answer the typical questions relevant to the part. Updates to this Technical Guide will be made available in its future versions.

How to Use this Technical Guide?

The GSAS/QSAS Technical Guide is a supporting document to the GSAS/QSAS rating schemes. This Technical Guide helps the project teams understand the development of the rating schemes, applying the rating scheme to the project, preparing the submittal requirements for project certifications, qualifying for memberships, and maintaining the member’s credentials. It does not provide an extensive list of requirements to meet GSAS/QSAS rating scheme. Where necessary, reference to other manuals is mentioned to direct the reader to other relevant information usually detailed in the respective GSAS/QSAS documents.

The GSAS/QSAS rating schemes, downloadable in its entirety from the GSAS/QSAS website, is referenced in this Technical Guide. This Technical Guide addresses the deployment of GSAS/QSAS and GORD policies for certifications, memberships, and credentials maintenance and progressions.

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Introduction

The primary objective of GSAS/QSAS is to create a sustainable built environment that minimizes ecological impact while addressing the specific regional needs and environment of the country.

GSAS/QSAS was developed to encourage and promote the design, construction, and operation of responsible and sustainable built environments. Representing the local culture, circumstances and ecosystem by a set of discrete value statements, each value statement de facto constitutes a major category in GSAS/QSAS subsequently populated by the specific criteria with associated measurements that together quantify the category as a whole.

Each criterion in the system was carefully developed to measure the environmental, social and economic impact of the project, both regionally and globally using the outcome based measurement method to rate a category as a whole; and the weighing of each category by local stakeholders to aggregate an outcome over all categories.

This document presents technical guidance on how to implement GSAS/QSAS in projects and apply for certifications and memberships registrations. The benefits and privileges afforded to its members and projects that are recognized to be compliant with GSAS/QSAS star ratings are also described in this Technical Guide.

Given the very real benefits of sustainable practices, this Technical Guide further purpose is to help all stakeholders move beyond current practice and make each and every criterion in the GSAS/QSAS rating schemes a high-priority concern in the design, construction, and operations of the built environment.

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Part 1 – Knowing the Development of GSAS/QSAS

Who is GORD?

 GORD, Gulf Organisation for Research and Development, a non-profit organization, owned by Qatari Diar Real Estate Investment Company (QD) is committed to the advancement of sustainability in the built environment.

 Currently, GORD have four (5) Centers of Excellence namely: GSAS Trust, GORD Academy, GORD Institute, GORD Consult, and GORD Ventures. See Part 5 for more details.

What is GSAS/QSAS?

 GSAS/QSAS, Global / Qatar Sustainability Assessment System, the first of its kind performance-based sustainability rating scheme for the construction industry developed by GORD in collaboration with TC Chan Center at the University of Pennsylvania, USA. The primary objective of GSAS/QSAS is to create a sustainable built environment that minimizes ecological impact while addressing the specific regional needs and environment of the country.

 The development of the GSAS/QSAS rating schemes took advantage of a comprehensive review of combined best practices employed by a mix of established international and regional rating schemes. This review has been performed resulting in a customized tool specific to the requirements of the region and the needs of the country.

What is the GSAS/QSAS Framework?

 GSAS/QSAS consists of several categories, criteria, and measurements that are associated with environmental goals. See Fig.1.1 GSAS/QSAS Framework.

 Goals (refer to Fig.1.1) define values to be achieved to lower the impact on the environment. These goals were translated to what is known as the GSAS/QSAS Categories that are key aspects affecting the overall building sustainability. The sets of categories are further broken down to specific criteria that specify the intent and are linked to measurements that are performance-driven and objective, if possible.

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Measurements are further broken down into three components – measurement principles, measurement methods, and demonstration requirements.

 Categories, criteria, and measurements are defined to be performance-based and quantifiable, where possible. Prescriptive measurements are provided as recommendations in Design Guidelines.

 Aggregation method of the scoring weights is applied from the ground up and is used in the system at the criterion, sub-category, and category level, which allows for the flexibility of modifying an individual component without interfering with the entire system.

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How is the GSAS/QSAS Developed?

 The development of GSAS/QSAS rating Schemes, Fig. 1.2, works on ground-up approach, developing from scratch to allow for the seamless integration between the country’s specific requirements and sustainable goals.

 It started from the review of the existing 140+ building rating schemes around the globe and narrowed down to the 40 whole building rating schemes.

 Out of the 40, the methods of the 6 established rating schemes were selected, the BREEAM from UK, the LEED from US, the GREEN GLOBES from Canada, the CEPAS from Hong Kong, the CASBEE from Japan, and the International SBTOOL were further analyzed.

 Together with the review of the existing energy standards from other countries, the GSAS/QSAS Energy Standard looked deeper into ASHRAE Energy Standard from US and the CEN-ISO Energy Standards from the European Union. The CEN-ISO framework was adopted where energy is assessed from four perspectives namely, energy demand, energy delivery, primary energy and emissions.

 The energy assessment methodology is composed of performance-based normative calculation that follows the framework of the CEN-ISO standards, and NEN standards. Currently, this performance-based normative calculation method and energy performance rating approach is not used in other sustainable building rating schemes. In most cases, a detailed energy simulation is used as the energy assessment on which a score is based.

 The normative calculation procedure introduced in GSAS/QSAS has distinctive advantages: easiness, transparency, robustness, and reproducibility. The normative calculation method based on the CEN-ISO standards is increasingly applied in EU countries for building energy regulatory purposes and thus adopted in the development of the GSAS/QSAS energy performance calculation toolkits.

 The toolkits require only the minimum input parameters and are transparent with the CEN-ISO calculation method. The energy toolkit calculates the outcomes for the building’s energy consumption and CO2, NOx, and SOx emissions. Then GSAS/QSAS system translates the calculated consumption and emission outcomes into effective Energy Performance Coefficient values by utilizing reference values, and assigns the appropriate criterion scores.

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13 Fig. 1.2 GSAS/QSAS Rating Schemes Development

What are the GSAS/QSAS Elements?

 GSAS/QSAS is divided into eight categories, each with a direct impact on environmental stress mitigation. Each category measures a different aspect of the project’s environmental impact.

 These categories are then broken down into specific criteria that measure and define these individual issues. These issues range from a thorough review of water consumption to an assessment of light quality.

 Each criterion specifies a process for measuring individual aspects of the criterion's environmental impact and supporting it with the required documentation. A score is then awarded to each criterion based on the level of compliance.

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What are the GSAS/QSAS Categories?

UC

URBAN CONNECTIVITY

BT = Building Typologies, SP = Sport, NH = Neighborhood, PK = Park BT SP NH PK

Goals

The park’s and building’s planning shall

incorporate urban considerations ●



The neighborhood shall control its effect on the urban environment with regard to existing

infrastructure and amenities



Environmental Impacts

Climate Change ● ● ● ●

Fossil Fuel Depletion ● ● ● ●

Water Depletion ● ● ● ●

Materials Depletion ●

Land Use & Contamination ● ● ● ●

Water Pollution ● ● ● ●

Air Pollution ● ● ● ●

Human Comfort & Health ● ● ● ●

Mitigating Factors

Minimizing the load on the traffic/transportation

infrastructure ● ● ● ●

Developing efficient and user-friendly roads and

walkways ● ●

Controlling the amount of light emitting from and

noise produced by the project or development ● ● ●

Encouraging the use of public transportation and

developing in proximity to existing amenities ● ●

Encouraging the use of public transportation and

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Mitigating Factors

Reducing amount of wastewater and solid waste

leaving the site ●

Reducing contamination to sewer and waterways ● ● ●

Preventing any risks or pollution to water sources ● ●

Selecting sites with access to existing pedestrian

and bicycle networks ●

Encouraging site selection near existing urban

areas to ensure proximity to infrastructure ●

Reducing amount of wastewater and solid waste

leaving the site ●

Minimizing access to daylight or solar potential to

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S

SITE

Goals

The park’s and building’s developments in relation

to the existing site conditions shall be controlled ●



The neighborhood’s site shall control the

environmental impact of urban development



Climate Change ●

Fossil Fuel Depletion ●

Materials Depletion ●

Land Use & Contamination ● ● ● ●

Water Pollution ● ● ● ●

Mitigating Factors

Selecting a site that has minimal ecological value

or is contaminated ● ● ● ●

Preserving natural water bodies and habitats that

exist on the site ● ●

Defining a landscaping plan that encourages the use of native vegetation, reverses desertification and prevents rainwater runoff

● ● ● ●

Creating pedestrian and bicycle pathways to

reduce travel and enhance mobility ●

Reducing the parking footprint to minimize

parking surfaces ● ●

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Mitigating Factors

Developing safe public spaces and pathways ● ●

Creating public spaces to encourage social interaction and promote physical and mental well-being

●

Constructing QSAS rated buildings to ensure sustainable practices at all scales of the neighborhood

●

Controlling wind conditions and temperature

changes on the site and adjacent properties ● Controlling temperature changes on the site and

adjacent properties ● ●

Selecting a site that has minimal noise exposure ● ●

Designing built and un-built surfaces to absorb the

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E

ENERGY

BT = Building Typologies, SP = Sport, NH = Neighborhood, PK = Park BT SP NH PK Goals

The neighborhood’s, park’s, and building’s depletion of fossil energy over its service life shall be controlled

●



● ●

Mitigating Factors

Designing the building to lower its energy demand ● ● ●

Selecting efficient building systems ● ● ●

Selecting efficient mechanical systems ●

Lowering the demand on non-renewable sources of energy thereby reducing harmful emissions and depletion of fossil fuels

● ● ● ●

Minimizing the amount of harmful substances produced by the energy delivery systems and energy supply network

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W

WATER

Goals

The building’s impact on the overall water

resource shall be controlled ●



The neighborhood’s and park’s impacts on the overall water consumption and its associated burden on municipal supply and treatment systems shall be controlled

● ●

Human Comfort & Health ●

Mitigating Factors

Specifying efficient plumbing fixtures ● ● ●

Creating a system for the collection and storage of

rainwater ● ● ● ●

On-site treatment of water for later use ● ● ● ●

Designing a landscaping plan that minimizes the

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M

MATERIALS

Goals

The impact of the building’s use of materials on

the environment shall be controlled ●

The neighborhood’s ecological impact shall be controlled with regard to factors associated with material extraction, processing, manufacturing, distribution, use/re-use and disposal for the development of the infrastructure and the design of buildings

●

The park’s ecological impact shall be controlled with regard to factors associated with material extraction, processing, manufacturing, distribution, use/re-use and disposal for the development of the infrastructure, public spaces, and shared facilities

●

Materials Depletion ● ● ● ●

Air Pollution ● ● ●

Human Comfort & Health ● ● ●

Mitigating Factors

Recycling and reusing materials, on and off site ● ●

Using local materials to reduce transportation

need ● ● ● ●

Recycling ● ●

Reusing materials off site ● ●

Using responsibly sourced materials ● ● ● ●

Designing for ease of disassembly and

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IE

INDOOR ENVIRONMENT

Goals The building’s indoor environment shall be

controlled ●



Air Pollution ● ●

Human Comfort & Health ● ●

Mitigating Factors

Monitoring air temperature and quality and

adjusting or calibrating as appropriate ● ●

Ensuring a sufficient level of illumination while using an optimal combination of natural and artificial lighting

● ●

Maximizing views to the exterior for all occupants ● ●

Maximizing the time period that the building can

utilize natural ventilation ●

Providing for occupant comfort by minimizing

glare ● ●

Controlling the amount of noise produced by or

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OE

OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENT

Goals

The neighborhood’s outdoor environmental quality shall be controlled with regard to factors such as thermal comfort and air quality, air movement and acoustics

●

Climate Change ●

Human Comfort & Health ●

Mitigating Factors

Maximizing the amount of vegetation and solar reflectiveness to reduce the impact of a heat island effect

●

Protecting spaces in the neighborhood from

adverse wind conditions ●

Ensuring a sufficient level of air flow to allow for

the potential to naturally ventilate buildings ●

Minimizing the amount of noise produced within

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CE

CULTURAL & ECONOMIC VALUE

Goals

The building’s cultural and economic value shall

be maintained or enhanced ●



The neighborhood and park shall enhance cultural

values and boost national and local economies ● ●

Loss of cultural identity ● ● ● ●

Economic stagnancy or decline ● ● ● ●

Long term viability of the neighborhood ●

Mitigating Factors

Encouraging designs to align with cultural identity

and traditions ● ● ● ●

Designing for seamless integration into the

existing cultural fabric ● ● ● ●

Planning for the use of local materials and

workforce ● ● ● ●

Encouraging sustainable business partnerships

within the community ●

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MO

MANAGEMENT & OPERATIONS

Goals

The park’s and building’s management and

operations shall be defined ●



●

The neighborhood’s systems and infrastructure maintenance and operations plans shall be defined

●

Climate Change ●

Land Use and Contamination ● ● ●

Water Pollution ●

Air Pollution ●

Materials Depletion ● ● ●

Mitigating Factors

Creating a commissioning plan to meet all the

sustainable goals of the project ● ● ●

Providing leak detection systems ●

Providing leak detection and energy use

sub-metering systems ● ●

Providing facilities for the collection, storage, and proper removal of solid wastes, organic wastes and recyclables

● ● ● ●

Providing an intelligent building control system to

optimize building performance ●

Managing hospitality resources to reduce waste

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Mitigating Factors

Providing automated control systems to optimize

performance of systems ●

Promote and educate users about the sustainable

initiatives of the project ●

Providing a beneficial legacy to the community ●

Promote and educate users about the sustainable

initiatives of the building ●

Creating a construction plan to mitigate the

negative effects of construction ●

Creating a management plan to meet all the

sustainable goals of the project ●

Providing monitoring and management of

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What are the GSAS/QSAS Criteria?

URB A N C ONN ECTIVI TY CRITERION BUILDING TYPOLOGIES Sp o rts N e ig h b o rh o o d s Par ks Co m m e rc ial Co re & Sh e ll Si n gl e R e si d e n tial Gr o u p R e si d e n tial Sc h o o ls H o te ls M o sq u e s Li gh t In d u str y UC.1 Proximity to Infrastructure ● UC.1 Transportation Load ● UC.1 Load on Local Traffic Conditions ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

UC.2 Solid Waste

Load ● UC.2 Proximity to Existing Neighborhoods ● UC.2 Pedestrian Pathways ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● UC.3 Wastewater Load ● ● UC.3 Proximity to Amenities ● ● ● ● ●

UC.4 Solid Waste

Load ●

UC.4 Light Pollution ● ● ● ● ● ●

UC.5 Public

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UC.5 Noise Pollution ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

UC.6 Public Transportation ● ● ● ● ● ● ● UC.7 Sewer & Waterway Contamination ● UC.7 Private Transportation ● ● ● ● ● UC.8 Sewer & Waterway Contamination ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

UC.8 Noise Pollution ●

UC.9 Light Pollution ●

UC.9 Shading of Adjacent Properties ● ● ● ● ● ● ● UC.11 Proximity to Infrastructure ● UC.12 Accessibility ● UC.12 Wastewater Load ●

UC.13 Solid Waste

Load ●

UC.14 Parking

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28 SITE CRITERION BUILDING TYPOLOGIES Sp o rts N e ig h b o rh o o d s Par ks Co m m e rc ial Co re & Sh e ll Si n gl e R e si d e n tial Gr o u p R e si d e n tial Sc h o o ls H o te ls M o sq u e s Li gh t In d u str y S.1 Ecological Value of Land ● ● ● ● ● ● ● S.1 Land Preservation ● ● S.2 Vegetation & Shading ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● S.2 Water Body Preservation ● ● S.3 Desertification ● ● ● ● ● ● ● S.3 Habitat Preservation ● ● S.4 Rainwater Runoff ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● S.4 Landscape Amenities ● S.4 Vegetation ● S.5 Mixed Use ● ● S.5 Walkability ● S.5 Desertification ● S.6 Heat Island Effect ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● S.6 Bikeability ●

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29 S.6 Rainwater Runoff ● S.7 Adverse Wind Conditions ● ● ● ● ● ● S.7 Desertification ● S.7 Heat Island Effect ● S.8 Acoustic Conditions ● ● ● ● ● ● ● S.8 Parking Footprint ● S.9 Mixed Use ● S.10 Crime Prevention ● S.10 Parking Footprint ● S.11 Public Space ● S.11 Shading ● S.12 Acoustic Conditions ● S.12 Illumination ● S.13 QSAS Rated Buildings ● S.13 Pathways ● S.14 Crime Prevention ●

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30 EN ER GY CRITERION BUILDING TYPOLOGIES Sp o rts N e ig h b o rh o o d s Par ks Co m m e rc ial Co re & Sh e ll Si n gl e R e si d e n tial Gr o u p R e si d e n tial Sc h o o ls H o te ls M o sq u e s Li gh t In d u str y

E.1 Energy Demand

Performance ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

E.2 Energy Delivery

Performance ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

E.3 Fossil Fuel

Conservation ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● E.4 CO2 Emissions ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● E.5 NOX, SOX, & Particulate Matter ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

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31 WA TE R CRITERION BUILDING TYPOLOGIES Sp o rts N e ig h b o rh o o d s Par ks Co m m e rc ial Co re & Sh e ll Si n gl e R e si d e n tial Gr o u p R e si d e n tial Sc h o o ls H o te ls M o sq u e s Li gh t In d u str y W.1 Water Consumption ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

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32 M A TE R IA LS CRITERION BUILDING TYPOLOGIES Sp o rts N e ig h b o rh o o d s Par ks Co m m e rc ial Co re & Sh e ll Si n gl e R e si d e n tial Gr o u p R e si d e n tial Sc h o o ls H o te ls M o sq u e s Li gh t In d u str y M.1 Regional Materials ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● M.2 Responsible Sourcing of Materials

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A ● N/A ●

M.3 Structure Reuse: On-site ● ● ● ● ● M.3 Materials Reuse ● M.3 Recycled Materials ● M.4 Materials Reuse: Off-site ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● M.4 Recycled Materials ● M.4 Materials Reuse ● M.5 Recycled Materials ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● M.5 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) N/A M.6 Design for Disassembly ● ● ● ● ● ● M.7 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

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33 INDO OR EN VIRON M EN T CRITERION BUILDING TYPOLOGIES Sp o rts N e ig h b o rh o o d s Par ks Co m m e rc ial Co re & Sh e ll Si n gl e R e si d e n tial Gr o u p R e si d e n tial Sc h o o ls H o te ls M o sq u e s Li gh t In d u str y IE.1 Thermal Comfort ● ● ● ● ● ● ● IE.2 Low-Emitting Materials ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● IE.3 Natural Ventilation ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● IE.4 Mechanical Ventilation ● ● ● ● ● ● IE.5 Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control ● ● ● ● ● ● IE.6 Views ● ● ● ●

IE.7 Glare Control ● ● ● ● ●

IE.8 Illumination

Levels ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

IE.9 Acoustic Quality ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

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34 OU T D OOR EN VIRON M EN T CRITERION BUILDING TYPOLOGIES Sp o rts N e ig h b o rh o o d s Par ks Co m m e rc ial Co re & Sh e ll Si n gl e R e si d e n tial Gr o u p R e si d e n tial Sc h o o ls H o te ls M o sq u e s Li gh t In d u str y

OE.1 Heat Island

Effect ●

OE.2 Adverse Wind

Conditions ●

OE.3 Air Flow ●

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35 CULT UR A L & ECON OM IC VAL UE CRITERION BUILDING TYPOLOGIES Sp o rts N e ig h b o rh o o d s Par ks Co m m e rc ial Co re & Sh e ll Si n gl e R e si d e n tial Gr o u p R e si d e n tial Sc h o o ls H o te ls M o sq u e s Li gh t In d u str y

CE.1 Heritage &

Cultural Identity ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● CE.2 Support of National Economy ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● CE.3 Housing Diversity ● CE.3 Green Partnerships ●

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36 M A N A GE M EN T & OPE R A TIO N S CRITERION BUILDING TYPOLOGIES Sp o rts N e ig h b o rh o o d s Par ks Co m m e rc ial Co re & Sh e ll Si n gl e R e si d e n tial Gr o u p R e si d e n tial Sc h o o ls H o te ls M o sq u e s Li gh t In d u str y MO.1 Commissioning Plan ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● MO.1 Construction Plan ●

MO.2 Energy Use

Sub-metering ● ● ● ● ●

MO.2

Energy & Water Use Sub-metering

●

MO.2 Management

Plan ●

MO.2 Organic Waste

Management ●

MO.3 Leak Detection ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

MO.3 Wastewater Management Plan ● MO.3 Recycling Management ●

MO.4 Leak Detection ●

MO.4

Organic Waste Management Plan

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A ● ●

MO.5 Recycling

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37 MO.5 Solid Waste Management Plan ● MO.6 Intelligent Building Control System ● ● ● ● ● ● ● MO.6 Automated Control Systems ● MO.7 Sustainability Education and Awareness Plan ● MO.10 Hospitality Management Plan ●

MO.11 Building Legacy ●

MO.12

Sustainability Awareness and Education Plan

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Part 2 – Using GSAS/QSAS

What are the Different GSAS/QSAS Schemes?

 The following are the fourteen (14) GSAS/QSAS schemes that a project can use in assessing the design of the built-environment: Neighborhoods, Parks, Commercial, Core and Shell, Residential (Single), Residential (Group), Schools, Hotels, Mosques, Light Industry, Sports, Mixed Development, Mixed Use Buildings, and Bespoke.  There are also GSAS/QSAS schemes that a project can utilize for the assessment of

the construction process and facility operations. These are the Construction and Operations.

Which GSAS/QSAS Scheme should the Project Team Use?

The basic steps below provide general guidance in selecting which GSAS/QSAS scheme should be used for the project registering for GSAS/QSAS certification.

1. Determine what type of development needs to be assessed. a. Community Master Plan Level

b. Groups of Buildings c. Single Building

2. Determine which development process is being assessed in the project. a. Assessment of the Building Design

b. Assessment of the Construction Process c. Assessment of the Building Operations

3. Verify if the project falls within the scope of GSAS/QSAS schemes a. Neighborhoods

b. Parks c. Commercial d. Core and Shell e. Residential (Single) f. Residential (Group) g. Schools h. Hotels i. Mosques j. Light Industry k. Sports l. Mixed Development m. Mixed Use Buildings n. Bespoke

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39 o. Construction

p. Operations

4. Prepare a GSAS/QSAS Request for Proposal (RFP) intended to incorporate sustainability strategies during the pre-design stages of development, to allow for the development of comprehensive and integrated systems is similarly guided by the above steps.

5. After reviewing the guide thoroughly, if the project team finds that it is not clear which GSAS/QSAS rating scheme to use, contact GORD Technical Support by sending your email to [email protected] for assistance or further clarification.

What is the Scope of the GSAS/QSAS Schemes?

 Community master plan is deemed to be the design plans of a development in an urban scale. The recommended GSAS/QSAS rating scheme for community master plan would be the GSAS/QSAS Neighborhoods. See scope below of the GSAS/QSAS Neighborhoods to verify if it is in line with your required project certification.

 Building plan is deemed to be the design plans of a development in a building scale. All other GSAS/QSAS rating schemes except the GSAS/QSAS Neighborhoods and GSAS/QSAS Parks can be applied for assessing a project developed on a building scale. See scope of the various GSAS/QSAS rating schemes from below to verify which typology best fits your required project certification.

 Project that comprise of various building typologies developed within one plot that have a specific boundaries can be assessed and rated using the GSAS/QSAS Mixed Development. The main building’s typology will be used as a reference and will be assessed comprehensively based on the eight categories of GSAS/QSAS appropriate scheme. Other buildings within the plot boundaries will be assessed using the appropriate scheme. However, several inherited scores can be gained, which will come from the main building typology assessment. The single final score will be obtained by aggregating the cumulative scores attained from each building typology. See scope of the GSAS/QSAS Mixed Development to verify if it is in line with your required project certification.

 A unique GSAS/QSAS rating scheme that assesses an area of an open spaces for the enjoyment of the public and the preservation or enhancement of public space is the GSAS/QSAS Parks. See scope of the GSAS/QSAS Parks to verify if it is in line with your required project certification.

 Projects that are outside the scope of the existing GSAS/QSAS Rating schemes can be assessed using the GSAS/QSAS Bespoke. The GSAS/QSAS Bespoke criteria are

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customized in order to rate a project and benchmarked it against another project with similar functionality. Please call GORD for more information.

GSAS/QSAS Neighborhoods

 The requirement for master plan certifications is that at least 70% of the buildings need to be assessed and that energy and water categories must not get a negative score in order for the project to achieve certification from GSAS/QSAS.

GSAS/QSAS Parks

 GSAS/QSAS Parks is a GSAS/QSAS scheme intended to evaluate the design of parks. It can be used to rate both new and existing parks of all types and sizes. Parks ratable by GSAS/QSAS include any area of open space, either largely preserved in its natural state or highly developed with landscaping, hardscapes, and/or recreational and resting areas provided for the enjoyment of the public and preservation or enhancement of public space.

 GSAS/QSAS Parks shall be used to evaluate the park and its on-site amenities such as landscape areas, walkways, and picnic spaces as well as any minor service facilities including restrooms, storage sheds, or small information centers. Any major facility such as recreation center, stadium, restaurant, or office should be individually rated using the applicable typology within GSAS/QSAS Design (i.e. GSAS/QSAS Sports, GSAS/QSAS Commercial, etc.). Additionally, GSAS/QSAS Parks encourages synergies between the development of buildings and parks, where appropriate. For example, a joint commissioning plan may be developed between a park and a nearby or on-site building, and any collaborative efforts will be evaluated and scored based on the appropriate submittals. Collaboration of shared resources are also encouraged via offset of waste stream or recycled water use from both off-site sources or from facilities located on-site.

 GSAS/QSAS Parks shall rate only permanently installed equipment and normal use or operations. Single peak events such as sporting competitions or concerts as well as the equipment temporarily installed for these events should be excluded.

 New Parks will be evaluated according to the design intent of their plan and a provisional certificate will be issued if the project achieves at least a one (1) Star rating. After the construction of the park, the project will undergo design verification and a final certificate will be issued based on the results.

 Existing parks will be evaluated based on the actual built-environment, including any changes made through revitalization efforts.

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 Due to the varying uses of parks, such as picnicking, hiking, or biking, there are two types of park users to take into consideration; active and passive. Refer to Parks Assessment manual for descriptions. Because parks greatly vary in scale from small residential neighborhood parks to large-scale civic plazas or nature conservancies, GSAS/QSAS evaluates projects based on three different classifications. These classifications are roughly categorized as small, medium, and large parks, and are listed in Table2.1. GSAS/QSAS Park Classification Type Radius of Population Served Size Description Small Mini X < 400 m X < 4,000 m2

Small public plots, serving a residential cluster. Limited facilities and services.

Neighborhood 400 – 800 m 4,000 < X < 40,000 m2

Larger open spaces with increased public facilities and services. Used as recreational and social focus.

Medium Community 800 – 4,800 m 40,000 < X < 200,000 m2

Serves 2 or more Neighborhoods and serves broader purpose for recreational needs, open space preservation, and cultural events.

Large

Large Urban Entire City X > 200,000 m2

Preserves a unique landscape in an urban environment and provides large open spaces to a diverse community. Provides many public facilities and services.

Regional Region X > 200,000 m2

Preserves large tracts of open space, generally well outside of city limits. Provides many public facilities and services, though at a lower density than large urban parks. More natural, open space than developed park facilities and public spaces.

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GSAS/QSAS Commercial

 GSAS/QSAS Commercial is a GSAS/QSAS scheme intended to evaluate the design of commercial buildings. Included in commercial building types are spaces that serve various functions such as offices, conference rooms, dining areas and kitchens, foyers, retail spaces and ancillary areas.

 For mixed use buildings, project will perform a complete assessment for each space use. Each typology would be assessed through GSAS/QSAS design assessments. For example, if the entire building space is used as 60% Commercial and 40% Residential, the project will be assessed using both GSAS/QSAS Commercial and GSAS/QSAS Residential rating schemes.

 In the above sample (mixed use case), if the project earns a cumulative score of 1.38 points for Commercial and 2.15 points for Residential, then the single final score will be calculated using the weighted average principle as follows:

(1.38 X 60% / 100) + (2.15 X 40% / 100) = 1.69 points (round-off to 2 decimal places)

 The project therefore achieves the level 4 certification and the mixed use building will receive the 4-star certification in the GSAS/QSAS rating scheme. For more details, refer to the GSAS/QSAS Scoring Mechanism in the succeeding section of this Technical Guide.

GSAS/QSAS Core and Shell

A core and shell building is where the infill of the building is wholly or partly un-designed and the owner/developer may not have control over the fit-out of certain spaces. GSAS/QSAS recognizes that the final building design and the fit-out of tenant spaces can be unknown for core and shell projects. Nevertheless, to comprehensively and accurately evaluate a core and shell building, all criteria must be assessed. Thus, the owner/developer is responsible for completing all criteria that are in GSAS/QSAS Core & Shell which includes both designed and un-designed spaces. Al un-designed spaces must have a designated tenant type in order to be evaluated with GSAS/QSAS Core & Shell. Examples of tenant types include typical occupancies such as office, retail, restaurant, and sports.

For certain criteria in GSAS/QSAS Core & Shell, the measurement methodology will depend on whether or not fit-out is part of the design package. Thus, spaces where tenant fit-out is part of the design package, measurements will be calculated for all applicable spaces. For spaces where tenant fit-out is not part of the design package, the owner/developer will identify a certain minimum criterion level of compliance which will be mandated in future tenant lease agreements. The tenant lease agreements mandate the specific criteria levels of compliance based on targets set by the owner to meet a desired overall certification level or

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star rating. The single final score for each criterion will be the aggregated scores attained by each tenant at the time of tenants fit-out completion and before move in to show compliance. For example if there are 10 tenants for the entire building and the mandated level of compliance for a specific criterion with a weight of 1.15%, is minimum of Level 1 from a scale of -1 to 3, the minimum score required for each tenant will be:

(1 x 1.15/100) = 0.0115 points.

Say each tenant achieves the following levels of compliance for that criterion: 1 tenant achieved Level -1, 4 tenants achieved Level 2, and 5 tenants achieved Level 1 and each tenant occupies 10% each of the total leasable area, the single final score for that criterion will be:

[(Level -1 compliance x 1 tenant x 10%/100) + (Level 2 compliance x 4 tenants x 10%/100) +

(Level 1 compliance x 5 tenants x 10%/100)] x (1.15/100) = 0.0138 points

Therefore, the project passes the minimum required 0.0115 points and can use the value of 0.0138 points as the final score earned for that criterion. The overall cumulative score will then be recalculated using the points attained for that criterion.

After construction of the core and shell building is complete, the project will undergo design verification similar to GSAS/QSAS Commercial assessment. The core and shell will also undergo the GSAS/QSAS Operations assessment as required.

GSAS/QSAS Residential (Single) and GSAS/QSAS Residential (Group)

GSAS/QSAS Residential (single) acknowledges the varying scales of residential projects, from single-family detached homes to high-rise condominiums. To accommodate this range of projects, GSAS/QSAS defines two residential types: Single and Group. Both Single and Group residential types are assessed under the same GSAS/QSAS Residential system. However, the assessment and scoring of each type may vary depending on the level of applicability of each criterion. The flexibility of the rating scheme is important so that residential projects can be appropriately assessed according to their environmental impact while maintaining consistency.

For the purposes of GSAS/QSAS Residential, the two housing types are defined as follows: SINGLE: An individual house, attached or detached, that is less than or equal to 4 stories. GROUP: All other residential building types including:

 A residential grouping of two or more houses attached or detached.

 Any other residential projects such as multi-unit apartment, condominium building, or group of buildings.

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Within the Residential Assessment System, some criteria are not assessed for Single housing types. In general, this applies to criteria in which a single unit has a negligible environmental impact. Further, for certain criteria, the project may inherit the score from its development. In this case, the project is not assessed as an autonomous unit, but rather as part of the greater development. The overall development would achieve a certain score that would be directly applied to the individual unit.

The scope of a project, site limits and area of development considered for GSAS/QSAS Residential are defined as follows:

 Scope of Evaluation: GSAS/QSAS Residential will consider the property limits of the site and the built environment on the site as the unit evaluation and measurement.  Site: Any specified area or piece of land submitted by a project for assessment.

Certain criteria may include adjacent areas of land as part of the evaluation process. If more than one building is located on a site, each building will be evaluated separately and will receive separate scores.

 Development: A site and the built environment on the site designed as a single construction project.

GSAS/QSAS Schools

GSAS/QSAS Schools is intended to evaluate the design of K-12 school buildings. Included in school building types are spaces that serve various functions such as classrooms, libraries, auditoriums, gymnasiums, cafeterias, kitchens and offices.

GSAS/QSAS Hotels

GSAS/QSAS Hotel is intended to evaluate the design of hotels, accommodations, and barracks. Included in hospitality building types are spaces that serve various functions such as guestrooms, lobbies, banquet halls, offices, conference rooms, dining areas and kitchens, fitness centers, retail spaces and ancillary areas.

GSAS/QSAS Mosques

GSAS/QSAS Mosques is intended to evaluate the design of mosques. If the design for the mosque includes separate buildings not intended for congregational prayers, such as a residence for an Imam, only the building containing the congregational worship areas will be assessed and rated under GSAS/QSAS Mosques. Other buildings within the development or compound will be assessed separately under the appropriate GSAS/QSAS building typology. In other building typologies, certain GSAS/QSAS criteria require multiple typical occupancy areas to be measured, such as offices and reception areas for Commercial buildings. For

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GSAS/QSAS Mosques, the only occupancy type considered for the purposes of assessment are prayer halls.

GSAS/QSAS Light Industry

GSAS/QSAS Light Industry is intended to evaluate the design of light industrial facilities. Light industrial buildings are facilities that use labor intensive operations primarily to produce consumer goods. The intent is to produce final products for user consumption, not to manufacture or produce equipment and products that are used in other manufacturing processes. Light industrial facilities have a smaller environmental impact than heavy industry. In addition to manufacturing and processing, light industrial facilities can include distribution warehouses and storage facilities, cold storage facilities, and workshops.

Light industrial facilities include different types of spaces that have to be evaluated under the GSAS/QSAS Light Industry rating scheme. The primary spaces to be measured are the General Building, Office Areas, and Operational Areas. For each criterion, the measurements may require one or more of these spaces to follow unique measurements or scoring standards.

 General Building: Pertains to the entire building and does not require separate measurements for any specific space.

 Office Areas: Spaces that are dedicated to the support and administration of light industrial facilities. These can include office spaces, meeting rooms, or staff support areas.

 Operational Areas: Spaces in which the industrial processes is carried out. These can include spaces with industrial equipment, functional warehouse spaces, cold storage spaces, delivery areas, waste, and storage areas.

GSAS/QSAS Light industry evaluates impacts associated with the building, not the industrial process itself. Only industrial impacts that affect the building and site are included in the assessment.

GSAS/QSAS Sports

GSAS/QSAS Sports is used to rate sports facilities of all types and sizes during multiple phases design, construction, operations, and legacy use. Sports facilities include any buildings or venues that are designed to host a sporting event support athletes/competitors, support staff, and spectators. Spectators are the intended audience for the sporting event and facility.

GSAS/QSAS Sports may contain varying standards for certain criteria depending on operational considerations and whether the measurement is intended for peak or non-peak usage. Peak usage is defined as the maximum event capacity of the facility. Non-peak usage refers to periods when the facility is not hosting a major event. Additionally, the scheme rates the project on its original design intent as well the facility’s intended legacy use.

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While GSAS/QSAS Sports is being developed for initial use in Qatar, the rating scheme has been evaluated for the transition from local to a global scale. Some criteria are developed to be used in any climate and country, while others have reference baselines or standards specific to Qatar. With updated reference baselines, the system has the capacity to rate sports facilities worldwide.

The scheme measurements are based on the detailed evaluation of the building type, functional components, operational considerations, and scale considerations. Measurements and scoring ranges are determined according to this streamlined process in order to create an unbiased rating scheme for any and all sports.

Sports Facility Typologies

Three major types of sports facilities have been identified as follows:

 Outdoor/Enclosed Stadiums: These are primary outdoor facilities, including an enclosed or retractable roof facility. These spaces/facilities are not fully conditioned and part or all of the facility is exposed to the elements. They range in size from small to very large. Examples include beach volleyball stadiums, soccer stadiums, and track and field stadiums.

 Indoor Arenas: Completely enclosed fully conditioned and separated from the exterior. These facilities can range in size from very small to very large. Examples include swimming facilities, basketball arenas, or gymnastics arenas.  Outdoor Courses: These facilities are completely outside and exposed to the

elements. While there can be support and ancillary spaces that are enclosed, the competition venues themselves are exposed to the elements. They can take up a large site area with additional enclosures as part of the facility. Examples include rowing courses, ski hills, and equestrian facility.

GSAS/QSAS Mixed Development

 Mixed development projects are defined in GSAS/QSAS as projects under single owner.

 It intends to evaluate the design of the entire development comprising of multiple buildings with varying typologies and to perform complete assessment for each building type within the project. The main intention of the project is to obtain a single certificate for the entire development.

 Each typology would be assessed through GSAS/QSAS design assessments. For example, if a project is consists of 60% Commercial and 40% Residential, it will be assessed using both GSAS/QSAS Commercial and GSAS/QSAS Residential rating schemes.

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 In the above sample (mixed development case), if the project earns a cumulative score of 1.38 points for Commercial and 2.15 points for Residential, then the single final score would be:

 The project therefore achieves the level 4 certification and the entire development will receive the 4-star certification in the GSAS/QSAS Rating scheme. For more details, refer to the GSAS/QSAS Scoring Mechanism in the succeeding section of this Technical Guide.

 At least ninety percent (90%) of all buildings in the mixed development must be assessed in order to be certified. Urban Connectivity, specific Site criteria, Cultural and Economic Value, and Management & Operations categories can be inherited; using the scores achieved from the assessed most comprehensive building typology.  The main intention of the project is to obtain a single certificate for the entire

development. If required, individual building typologies assessed may get their respective certification along with the single certificate.

 If in case buildings are typical within the development, then a proto type can be chosen to evaluate the QSAS Criteria. The prototype will be chosen based on worst case conditions for the criteria requirements and assessed accordingly. The other typical buildings will inherit the score of the assessed prototype.

GSAS/QSAS Mixed Use Buildings

 For mixed use buildings, project will perform a complete assessment for each space use.

 Each typology would be assessed through GSAS/QSAS design assessments. For example, if the entire building space is used as 60% Commercial and 40% Residential, the project will be assessed using both GSAS/QSAS Commercial and GSAS/QSAS Residential rating schemes.

 In the above sample (mixed use case), if the project earns a cumulative score of 1.38 points for Commercial and 2.15 points for Residential, then the single final score will be:

v GSAS/QSAS Technical Guide

v1.0-2012

Table of Contents

Special Note

GSAS/QSAS Industrial Advertising Policy

Disclaimer

Copyright

Trademarks

Acknowledgements

Abbreviations and Acronyms

Why this Technical Guide was Developed?

How This Technical Guide is Organized?

How to Use this Technical Guide?

Introduction

Part 1 – Knowing the Development of GSAS/QSAS

Who is GORD?

What is GSAS/QSAS?

What is the GSAS/QSAS Framework?

How is the GSAS/QSAS Developed?

What are the GSAS/QSAS Elements?

What are the GSAS/QSAS Categories?

UC

URBAN CONNECTIVITY







S

SITE







E

ENERGY



W

WATER



M

MATERIALS

IE

INDOOR ENVIRONMENT



OE

OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENT

CE

CULTURAL & ECONOMIC VALUE



MO

MANAGEMENT & OPERATIONS



What are the GSAS/QSAS Criteria?

Part 2 – Using GSAS/QSAS

What are the Different GSAS/QSAS Schemes?

Which GSAS/QSAS Scheme should the Project Team Use?

What is the Scope of the GSAS/QSAS Schemes?