RESEARCH IN MARINE ENERGY IN CHILE Fondef Tidal Energy

Dr. Rodrigo Cienfuegos (racienfu@ing.puc.cl)

Director Fondef 09I1052

Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

RESEARCH IN MARINE ENERGY IN CHILE

Fondef Tidal Energy

EXTRACTION

TIDAL ENERGY EXTRACTION

Horizontal Axis

Vertical Axis

Hydrofoil

PRE-COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES

MCT:

SeaGen

1.2 MW pre-comercial device. Installed in Strangford Lough, Ireland. Grid connected from 2008, where it has generated more than 3 GWh.

Two future demonstration projects in the UK:

- 8 MW in Kyle Rhea - 10 MW in the Skerries

OpenHydro:

Open-centre Turbine

Hammerfest Strom:

HS1000

1 MW device installed at EMEC on 2011.

Future 10 MW demonstration project in Isley, Scotland. 0.25 MW pre-comercial devide

installed in 2006 at EMEC, grid connected on 2008.

1 MW pre-comercial device installed in FORCE in 2009.

New 16m diameter turbine to be installed in France this year

PRE-COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES

Alstom Hydro:

Clean Current TISEC

Clean current prototype was installed in Race Rocks, Canada in 2007.

1 MW pre-comercial device will be installed in FORCE in 2012.

MeyGen:

Atlantis Ak-1000

1 MW pre-comercial device installed and grid-connected in EMEC in 2010. 1 MW pre-comercial device is planned to be installed in FORCE in 2012.

Voith Hydro:

VoithHyTide

1 MW device will be installed at EMEC in 2012, piles and support were installed in 2011

CENTERS FOR MARINE ENERGY R&D

Test and monitoring of marine turbines (wave and tidal).

 7 tidal and 5 wave grid conected berths

Installed Tidal Turbines: OpenHydro, Tidal Generation, Atlantis, Hammerfest Strom, Voith Hydro, Scotrenewables

Test and Monitoring of tidal turbines

 3 grid conected tidal berths

Partners: Nova Scottia Power with

OpenHydro, Minas Basin Pulp Power with MCT and Alstom Hydro.

EMEC: European Marine Energy Centre

FORCE: Fundy Ocean Research Centre for Energy

Orkney, Scotland, United Kingdom

Fundy Bay, Canada

NS Power - OpenHydro, FORCE Tidal Site, EMEC

Tidal Generation, EMEC

OpenHydro, EMEC

Other Centres: NNMREC (USA), PRIMaRE (UK), NAREC (UK), CORE (USA), DanWEC (Denmark)

MARINE ENERGY: INSTALLED CAPACITY IN

2010

COST PROJECTIONS

Fuente: IPCC Report 2012 Range in levelized COE

Chacao Channel 0.7-0.9TWh/year Corcovado Gulf 0.3TWh/year 2nd Angostura 1.3TWh/year

Available energy:

~2.5TWh/year

(using 20% of the available mean power)



Chile has one of the best tidal

energy sites around the world



The Chacao Channel is one of the

most interesting sites according to

different variables (high tidal currents,

bathymetry, electric network,

infrastructure, etc.)

TIDAL ENERGY POTENTIAL IN CHILE

WAVE ENERGY POTENTIAL CHILE

Chile: Annual mean wave power density 30-120 kW/m

Estimated gross available wave power: 200 GW

Challenges:

Scarse and short term data

Complex and highly energetic wave climates (multi modal wave spectrums) Insufficient bathymetric information and marine biosphere knowledge

GENERAL OBJECTIVES

To perform detailed bathymetric and oceanographic studies to

characterize tidal energy resources in the Chacao Channel.

To investigate environmental issues, technical, economical and

regulatory aspects and market barriers for marine energy

extraction in Chile.

To define suitable areas for device deployment and testing.

To support the NCRE implementation process that Chile has

R&D METHODOLOGY

State of the Art

• Bibliographic surveys • Technological trips • International collaboration • Capacity building • Attendance to international workshops and congresses Field Studies • Bathymetric surveys

• Tidal and current measurements • Ocean wave measurements • Environmental and marine biology field studies Numerical Modeling • 2D and 3D tidal current modeling • Deep water to shallow water wave propagation • Tidal farm numerical modeling • Energy resource maps Recommendations for ME Development in Chile • Policies and regulations • Infrastructure • Technical and economical evaluations • Market barriers and systems failures

TIDAL ENERGY RESOURCE ASSESSMENT

Field studies (Bentos)

 Current measurements (ADCPs)

 Tidal measurements

 Multi beam bathymetric survey

 Atmospheric variables

HYDRODYNAMIC MODELING

Regional and Detailed Hydrodynamic Modeling (FVCom)

 Refined grid in the Chacao Channel (20 m, 10 V layers)

 Model calibration and validation using ADCPs and tidal gauges

 Potential Energy Resource Assessment

HYDRODYNAMIC MODELING

Software Development (Energy Resource Map)

IN THE CHACAO CHANNEL

 CFD modeling (URANS) in the real setting, considering detailed bathymetric information (1-10 m resolution)

 Characterization of turbulence and macro-vortices

 Collaboration with the Saint Anthony Fall Laboratory, University of Minnesota

TURBULENCE AND SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF

TIDAL CURRENTS

Collaboration with APL-U. Washington (Jim Thomson et al.)

Complementary study funded by ONRG

ADVs, ADCPs, and

hydrophone measurements Comparative study with Admiralty Inlet, Pudget Sound, Wa., USA.

INTERACTIONS

 CFD modeling:

 Navier-Stokes equations URANS/LES solver  Actuator discs approach for wake modeling

 Multiple devices interaction to advance tidal farm studies

 New experimental work to validate the model

Coherent turbulent structures for two actuator discs. Sciolla y Escauriaza, 2012

Coherent turbulent structures in a single actuator disc wake. Sciolla y Escauriaza, 2012

EXPERIMENTAL MODELING OF

FLOW-ACTUATOR DISCS INTERACTIONS

Escala geométrica de 1:150.

Igualdad en el Número de Froude.

Número de Reynolds para régimen turbulento.

INTERFERENCES IN THE CHACAO CHANNEL

 Commercial fisheries and fish farmers

 Species and rate of extraction

 Protected areas and maritime concessions

 Benthic fauna and mammals

Algunos invertebrados presentes en el Canal

de Chacao. JC Castilla (2012) Areas utilizadas para acuicultura en el Canal de Chacao, JC Castilla (2012)

Mamíferos observados desde la orilla y Liquen. JC Castilla (2012)

ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND

INTERFERENCES IN THE CHACAO CHANNEL

 Technical report that

summarizes the different studies and findings

INNOVA CORFO 09CN14-5718

WAVE RESOURCE STUDIES

INNOVA CORFO 09CN14-5718

INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE HIDRAULICA

• Tri-axis buoys and ADCP’s deployment • Field surveys (in progress)

• Synchronous Tri-axis and ADCPs measurements • Bathymetric surveys

• Data analysis and post processing (in progress)

Field work : End date. Jan 2014

• Spectral wave propagation methodologies and model intercomparison • Training on the use of wave models

• Development of wave analysis tools for post processing

• Selection of best models and practices for the central-south coast of Chile (V to X region) (in progress)

• Wave energy resource mapping for the central-south coast of Chile (in progress)

Numerical modeling and wave energy resource estimation. End date: March 2014

• Environmental studies

• State of the art technology report and challenges for Chile (in progress) • Guideline for the wave energy device implementation process (in progress)

INNOVA CORFO 09CN14-5718

INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE HIDRAULICA

Instrument deployment

Synchronous Triaxys and ADCP measurements in deep and

WAVE RESOURCE STUDIES

INNOVA CORFO 09CN14-5718

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN CHILE

•

Chile has one of the highest marine energy resources in the

world and could play an important role in the current

pre-commercial marine energy extraction phase

•

There are good scientific and technical capacities available that

can contribute to make marine energy extraction real

(leapfrogging strategy)

•

If devices work in Chile, they can do so almost everywhere

(highly energetic climates, earthquakes and tsunamis,

extremely rich marine biosphere, etc.)

•

Chile is a natural laboratory for coastal sciences and technology

advancement and testing

•

Innovative regulatory policies and market strategies should be

designed and implemented