Microwave

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•

Radio Link Antennas characteristics

•

RFS Microwave Antennas

•

RFS Grid Antennas

•

RFS FLEXWELL Elliptical Waveguides

•

RFS Dehydration

RFS Microwave Antennas Systems

Gerd Bohnet

Technical Consulting

European Sales & Customer Service [email protected]

(2)

Radio Link Antennas characteristics

•

Radiation Pattern, fundamental principles

•

Gain (G)

•

Half power beamwidth (HPBW)

•

Survival and Operational windspeed

•

Front-to-back ratio (F/B)

•

Cross-polar discrimination (XPD)

•

Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE)

•

European Specification

•

Return loss and VSWR

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Radio Link Antennas

Point-to-Point infrastructure

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Point-to-Multipoint infrastructure

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Half-power beamwidth (HPBW) or 3dB-beamwidth:

The angle, relative to the main beam axis, between the two directions at which the measured co-polar pattern is 3 dB below the value on the main beam axis.

-3.0 dB

Half-power beamwidth (3 dB-beamwidth)

Gain (G):

The ratio of the radiation intensity, in the main beam axis to the radiation

intensity that would be obtained if the power were radiated isotropically. Value measured in dBi.

Radio Link Antennas Definitions

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Comparison of gain and 3 dB beamwidth at f = 38.25 GHz

Antenna size [m/ft] 0.3/1 0.6/2 1.2/4 1.8/6

Gain [dBi] 41.2 46.3 52.4 55.8

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Frequency ranges above 10 GHz and antenna types

Freq. Range [GHz] 37.0 - 40.0 29.5 - 31.5 27.5 - 29.5 27.3 - 28.5 24.2 - 27.5 21.2 - 23.6 17.7 - 19.7 14.2 - 15.3512.75 - 13.25 10.7 - 11.7 10.3 - 10.7 freq. Code 380 (30) 300 280 270 250 220 190 142 127 107 103 Antenna size [ft/m] LA 05 0.5 / 0.15 X X SB 1 1 / 0.3 X X X X X X X X SBX 1 1 / 0.3 X X X X X X X SB 2 2 / 0.6 X X X X X X X X X SBX 2 2 / 0.6 X X X X X X X SU 2 2 / 0.6 X X X X X X X X X SUX 2 2 / 0.6 X X X X X X X SU 4 4 / 1.2 X X X X X X X X SUX 4 4 / 1.2 X X X X X X X SU 6 6 / 1.8 X X X X X X SUX 6 6 / 1.8 X X X X X X UDA 4 4 / 1.2 UDA 6 6 / 1.8 UA 8 8 / 2.4 X X X X UDA 8 8 / 2.4 X X X X UA 10 10 / 3.0 X X X UDA 10 10 / 3.0 X X X UA 12 12 / 3.7 X X UDA 12 12 / 3.7 X X UA 15 15 / 4.6 UDA 15 15 / 4.6 G > 50 dBi G < 30 dBi

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Survival and operational windspeed, definition

Antennas withstand specified survival windspeed without

any permanent damage!

Antenna axis deflection is less than one third of half-power

beam width at operational windspeed!

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Co-polar radiation pattern with RPE and F/B-ratio

F/B Front-to-back-ratio (F/B):

The difference in dB between the co-polarized main beam gain and the signal measured in a defined region back to the main beam.

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Cross-polar radiation pattern with XPD

XPD Cross polar discrimination (XPD):

The difference in dB between the co-polarized main beam gain and the cross-polarized signal measured within a defined region.

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Contour plots, co-polar and cross-polar Co-polar pattern:

A diagram representing the radiation pattern of the

antenna under test when the reference antenna is similarly polarized, scaled in dBi or dB relative to the measured antenna gain.

Cross-polar pattern:

A diagram representing the radiation pattern of the

antenna under test when the reference antenna is

orthogonally polarized, scaled in dBi or dB relative to the measured antenna gain.

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EN 300833: Standardisation of antennas used in point-to-point

radio-relay systems operating in frequency range 3-60 GHz.

• Range 1: 3 - 14 GHz • Range 2: 14 - 20 GHz • Range 3: 20 - 24 GHz • Range 4: 24 - 30 GHz • Range 5: 30 - 47 GHz • Range 6: 47 - 60 GHz

Class 1: Those antennas required for use in networks where there is a low

interference potential

Class 2: Those antennas required for use in networks where there is a high interference potential

Class 3: Those antennas required for use in networks where there is a very high interference potential

Class 4: Those antennas required for use in networks where there is an

extremely high interference potential Radio Link Antennas

Result of the European standardisation

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The Regulatory Authority may impose tighter requirements than the minimum values given in this ETS, in order to maximize the use of the scarce spectrum resources.

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Return loss, reflection coefficient and VSWR

Return loss: The ratio of incident to reflected power at

a reference plane of the network.

Standing wave ratio (VSWR): The ratio of the maximum to the

minimum amplitudes of the voltage or current. r = -10 log P_ref / P_in [dB] P_ref / P_in 1 0.5 0.1 0.01 0.001 r [dB] 0 3 10 20 30 r_lin 1 0.708 0.316 0.1 0.0316 VSWR ∞ 5.85 1.924 1.222 1.065

Reflection Coefficient: r_lin = 10 exp (- r[dB]/20)

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Radio Link Antennas Attenuation

Attenuation: The power reduction in a transmission path in

the mode under consideration. It is usually expressed as a positive ratio in decibel.

αααα = -10 log P_out/ P_in [dB]

P_out / P_in 1 0.794 0.5 0.1 0.01 0.001

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RFS Microwave Antennas Contents

• Design requirements

• RFS antennas frequency and

size

• RFS antennas in detail • Integrated antennas • Mechanical tests

• Structure of model name • Link calculation tool

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RFS Microwave Antennas Applications

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RFS Microwave Antennas Design rules

Requirements for the antenna system

• Suitable selection of corrosion-resistant

materials and material combinations

• Minimum wind loading while assuring

high mechanical stability

• Insensitive to vibrations

• Inconspicuous

• Blend with the background

• Radiation pattern according to

international standards

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Frequency ranges and antenna sizes

Frequency ranges: All common radio link bands between 1.4 and 40 GHz

Size Diameter Reflector Optional

0.7 ft 0. 25 m one-part* 1 ft 0. 31 m one-part* 2 ft 0. 61 m one-part* 3 ft 0. 96 m one-part 4 ft 1. 22 m one-part 6 ft 1. 83 m one-part

8 ft 2. 44 m one-part split, two-part

10 ft 3. 05 m one-part split, two-part

12 ft 3. 66 m split, two-part** one-part

15 ft 4. 57 m split, three-part

* High and Ultra High Performance antennas with integrated shroud ** except UXA antennas

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Product Standardisation, microwave antennas

• The standard antenna colour is white for all

models. RFS-blue is available as an option.

Standard

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Antenna types, Standard and Improved performance

Antenna size: 0.6 up to 4.5 m

Moulded radomes: 0.6 up to 3.7 m RFS Microwave Antennas

PA single polarised

PAL single polarised, low VSWR

PAX dual polarised

PAD single polarised, improved

performance

PADX dual polarised, improved performance

RFS SlimLine Antennas

SP single polarised

SPX dual polarised

Features

Moderate side lobe suppression,

Improved performance antennas offer a better Front to Back ratio

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Antenna types, High Performance

Features

High side lobe suppression by use of a shroud.

Aperture covered by a planar radome.

Antenna size: 0.6 up to 4.5 m RFS Microwave Antennas

DA single polarised

DAX dual polarised

SD single polarised

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Antenna type, Ultra High Performance

UA single polarised

UDA dual polarised

UXA dual polarised, high crosspolar

discrimination

SU single polarised

SUX dual polarised

RFS CompactLine Antennas

SB single polarised

SBX dual polarised

Features

Very high side lobe suppression by use of a shroud equipped with

absorbing material.

Antenna size: 0.25 to 4.5 m

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Radiation Pattern Envelope (copolar)

-30.0 dBi -25.0 dBi -20.0 dBi -15.0 dBi -10.0 dBi -5.0 dBi 0.0 dBi 5.0 dBi 10.0 dBi 15.0 dBi 20.0 dBi 25.0 dBi 0.0 ° 20.0 ° 40.0 ° 60.0 ° 80.0 ° 100.0 ° 120.0 ° 140.0 ° 160.0 ° 180.0 ° Angle in ° Ga in in d Bi PA-antennas DA-antennas

DA-antennas with absorber UA-antennas

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RFS Microwave Antennas Antenna types / UXA series

Features

•

XPD > 40 dB inside rectangle (frequency ranges up to 13 GHz)

•

XPD > 36 dB inside circle (all antennas up to 24 GHz)

•

XPD > 30 dB elsewhere (all antennas up to 24 GHz) Antenna size: 2 to 15 ft Application

Networks with very high XPD requirements (SDH systems)

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RFS Microwave Antennas UXA 2-190, contourplot at 17.7 GHz -5 -3,1 -1,3 0,5 2,3 4,1 -2 -0,7 0 0,6 2 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 _XPD [d B] Azimuth [°] Elevation [°] 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 -5 -4 ,4 -3 ,9 -3 ,4 -2 ,9 -2 ,4 -1 ,9 -1 ,4 -0 ,9 -0 ,4 0, 1 0, 6 1, 1 1, 6 2, 1 2, 6 3, 1 3, 6 4, 1 4, 6 -2 -1,5 -1 -0,7 -0,5 -0,2 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 1 1,5 2 X P D [d B ] Azimuth [°] Elevation [°] 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30

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Radiation Pattern Envelope (crosspolar)

-80,0 dBi -70,0 dBi -60,0 dBi -50,0 dBi -40,0 dBi -30,0 dBi -20,0 dBi -10,0 dBi 0,0 dBi 0,0 ° 20,0 ° 40,0 ° 60,0 ° 80,0 ° 100,0 ° 120,0 ° 140,0 ° 160,0 ° 180,0 ° Angel in ° G ai n in d B i DAX-antennas UXA-antennas Angle in °

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Size (ft) Freq (GHz) Model No. Description 0.5 2.4-2.5 MA0245-13AN 2.4GHz 13dBi 1 2.4-2.5 MA0245-16AN 2.4GHz 15.5dBi 1.5 2.4-2.5 MA0245-18AN 2.4GHZ 18dBi 1 2.5-2.7 MA0257-16AN 2.5GHz 16dBi 0.5 5.25-5.825 MA0528-19AN 5.8GHz 19dBi 1 5.25-5.825 MA0528-23AN 5.8GHz 23dBi 2 5.25-5.825 MA0528-28AN 5.2-5.8GHz 28dBi 2 5.725-5.85 MA0578-28AN 5.7-5.8GHz 28dBi

0.5 5.25-5.825 MAX0528-19AN 5.8GHz 18dBi Dual Pol

1 5.25-5.825 MAX0528-23AN 5.8GHz 23dBi Dual Pol

0.8 10.15-10.65 MA102-25AS 10.5 GHz 25 dBi

Flat Panel antenna Product offering

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Flat Panel antenna Product offering

Rigorous environmental testing for safe and reliable long term operation

Light weight

•Reduces tower loading •Reduces installation costs •Reduces shipping costs

Aesthetically pleasing profile •Avoids zoning issues

•Ideal for buildings and roof top installations

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Inconspicuous 0.15 m / 0.5 ft Lens antenna (Ultra High Performance)

Antenna code: LA 05 - ***

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RFS CompactLine antennas

: Antenna size: 0.25 up to

1.2 m

Frequency: (7) 10 - 40 GHz Short shroud due to modified cassegrain feed system.

Pleasing environmental impact and reduces weight and towerload!

RFS SlimLine antennas

:

Antenna size: 0.3 up to 1.8 m

Frequency: 6 - 40 GHz

Rectangular waveguide feed system for lower returnloss requirements!

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0.25 m / 07 ft Ultra High Performance Antenna C-Series • Frequency: 21 – 40 GHz • Antenna diameter 25 cm • Survival windspeed: 270 km/h • Operational windspeed: 250 km/h

• Weight including mount: < 5 kg

• Radome: rigid plastic

• Low environmental impact

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• Frequency: 14 – 40 GHz (0.3 m) 10 – 40 GHz (0.6 m) New 31.0- 33.4 GHz Under development: 51.4 – 52.6 GHz (0.3 m) 54.25 – 59.0 GHz (0.3 m) • Survival windspeed: 250 km/h • Operational windspeed: 230 km/h

• Weight including tower mount: 4 kg (0.3 m)

12 kg (0.6 m)

• Elevation adjustment: ± 30 ° (0.3 m)

± 15 ° (0.6 m)

• Installation pipe diameter: 48 – 114 mm

• Tower mount: casting

• Radome: solid

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• Material: aluminium casting

• U-Bolts: refined steel

Tower mount of 0.3 m antenna in detail

• Spindles: refined steel

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• Material: aluminium casting

• Bolts: refined steel

• Spindles: refined steel

• Nuts: brass / steel

C-mount for 0.3 m / 1 ft antenna, optional

• Elevation adjustment: ± 30°

• Installation pipe diameter: 48 – 114mm

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0.9 m / 3 ft, Ultra High Performance Antenna

• Frequency: up to 26 GHz

• Survival windspeed: 200 km/h

• Operational windspeed: 190 km/h

• Weight including tower mount: 23 kg

• Elevation adjustment: ± 15 °

• Installation pipe diameters: 90 - 114 mm

• Radome: flexible

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• Frequency: up to 26 GHz

/ 125 mph

/ 120 mph

/ 77 lbs

• Installation pipe diameter: 114 mm

/ 4.5 inch

• Radome: flexible (Complan)

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510

375

Antenna type SU

• Shroud with tilt

• Button hook feed

• Flat radome

• Reflector without rim

Antenna type SB

• Short shroud, without tilt

• Backfire feed

• Rigid radome

• Reflector without rim

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• Frequency: 7 to 26 GHz

optional 250 km/h

optional 200 km/h

• Weight including tower mount: 35 to 39 kg

/ 4.5 inch

• Radome: solid • Radiation Performance EN 300833 7 to 22 GHz class 3 26 GHz class 2 RFS Microwave Antennas 1.2 m / 4 ft RFS CompactLine® _antenna

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1.2 m mount outline with 250km/h windspeed option

SB SU A 1260 1305 B 615 738 C 233 233 D 290 290 E 95 95 B+E 710 833 All dimensions in mm

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Oversized Mounting Hardware for 0.3 up to 1.2 m antennas

Example 1.2 m

The Oversized Mounting Hardware has been specially designed for the installation of small antennas on larger diameter pipes which are already in place on radio link towers.

The Oversized Mounting Hardware enables small antennas (0.3 to 1.2 m) to be mounted on pipe diameters of 120-219 mm.

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Heating system for 2 and 4 ft antennas with shroud

The heating system includes:

• 2/3 stratified shells with polyurethane foam

• 1 resistance cable

• 30 m power cable

• Temperature Control Box with power supply temperature sensor Main features: • Heating power 440/800 W • Power source 48 V AC • Additional weight 19/27 kg • Optional:

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Ultra High Performance Antennas 1.8 to 3.7 m Features

• T- frame mount

• Three-part shroud (3.7 m/ four-part)

• One-part reflector (3.7 m/two-part)

• Flexible radome (Complan)

pretensioned with springs

• Edge protection at the rim of the

shroud

• One swaybar at the mount

optional 250 km/h

optional 200 km/h

High stability due to

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1.8 m / 6 ft Ultra High Performance Antenna

• Frequency: up to 24 GHz • Survival windspeed: 200 km/h / 125 mph • Operational windspeed: 190 km/h / 120 mph without swaybar 120 km/h / 75 mph

/ 242 lbs

/ 4.5 inch

• Tower mount: steel, hot dip galvanized

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Outline of Ultra High Performance Antenna 15 ft Features

• T- frame mount with diagonal struts

• Four-part shroud

• Three-part reflector

• Flexible radome (Complan)

pretensioned with springs

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Comparison of Size and Weight

12 ft 460 kg / 1012 lbs 15 ft 950 kg / 2090 lbs 6ft 80 kg / 176 lbs

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RFS Microwave Antennas Tower mount with swaybar

Number of swaybars: 6 to 12 ft, 1 swaybar at the mount 15 ft, 4 swaybars at the rim

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Tower mount with change of offset

Offset

left Offset right

Swaybar attachment Swaybar

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Installation of swaybar, instruction

Do not angle the swaybar more than 25 deg in any direction for tower installation!

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Installation of swaybar, examples

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RFS Microwave Antennas Table of permissible torques

Bolt Hexagonal brass nut of fine adjustment

M5 5 Nm M8 5 Nm M6 8 Nm M10 10 Nm M8 17 Nm M12 17 Nm M10 35 Nm M16 50 Nm M12 50 Nm M20 80 Nm M16 140 Nm M24 115 Nm M20/24 240 Nm U-Bolt M10 20 Nm M14 95 Nm M16 124 Nm M20 206 Nm

The values in the table are valid for screws and bolts which have been greased according to the installation instruction!

Very bad

installation!

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Increased Windload Kit, example 1.8 m antenna

Large RFS antennas (1.8 to 3.7 m) already incorporate a strong back ring structure to support the reflector. The hot dip galvanised steel mount is fixed to the back ring.

This configuration allows a simple upgrade of one of the antenna’s most important mechanical features.

The Increased Windload Kit of

additional struts for mounting between the back ring and the reflector rim. Thus enables the wind forces to be directed to the most rigid part of the antenna mount.

The kit can be installed on site before lifting the antenna onto the tower.

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High Windload Kit, example 3.7 m antenna

The kit 270 km/h for 1.8 m to 3.7 m antennas consists of:

Increased windload kit and 3 additional sway bars

(dia. 60 mm, length 3.0 m) fixed at the rim of the reflector.

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High Windload 1.2 m antenna

The 1.2 m antenna for 270 km/h consists of:

Reflector with backring and a sway bar (dia. 60 mm, length 1.50 m) fixed at the mount

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Survival and operational windspeed with 30 mm ice layer

Windload Performance survival operational antenna size

Standard 270 km/h 250 km/h 0.7 ft, C-Series

250 km/h 230 km/h 1 and 2 ft 200 km/h 190 km/h 3 to 15 ft

Increased 250 km/h 200 km/h 4 to 15 ft

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RFS Microwave Antennas 0.1°- deflection windspeed

Antenna deflection is less than 0.1° up to specified

0.1°- deflection windspeed! Size 0.1°-deflection at 0.6 m / 2 ft 200 km/h / 125 mph 0.9 m / 3 ft 150 km/h / 94 mph 1.2 m / 4 ft 150 km/h / 94 mph 1.8 m / 6 ft 150 km/h / 94 mph (100 km/h / 63 mph without swaybar) 2.4 m / 8 ft 130 km/h / 81 mph 3.0 m / 10 ft 150 km/h / 94 mph 3.7 m / 12 ft 150 km/h / 94 mph 4.5 m / 15 ft 150 km/h / 94 mph

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RFS Microwave Antennas Integrated antennas, status

Supplier of the radio Antenna size [ft] Suffix

Alcatel Italy 1 and 2 A2G

Alcatel Telspace (Melodie) 1 and 2 MEL

Stratex Networks / DMC 1 up to 4 DMA, DMC,DMX

Fresnel / Centerpoint 0.7 up to 2 ELT, AIM

Ceragon (former Giganet) 1 up to 6 GNT

Intracom 1 and 2 INT

NEC 1 up to 8 NEC

Lucent 1 up to 4 MDL

Plessey 1 and 2 PSY

SIAE 1 and 2 SIA

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RFS Microwave Antennas OEM, Alcatel Melodie-radio

SB 1 - ***MEL: SB 2 - ***MEL:

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RFS Microwave Antennas OEM, Alcatel USY-radio

SB 1 - ***A2G: SBX 1 - ***A2G: SB 2 - ***A2G: SBX 2 - ***A2G: SU 2 - ***A2G: SU 4 - ***A2G:

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RFS Microwave Antennas OEM, NEC Pasolink-radio

SB 1 - ***NEC: SU 4 - ***NEC: SB 2 - ***NEC: SU 6 - ***NEC: SU 3 - ***NEC: UA 8 - ***NEC:

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RFS Microwave Antennas OEM, NEC Pasolink

New design!

SB 4 - ***NEC

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RFS Microwave Antennas OEM, Siemens SRAL-Radio

SB 1 - ***ITL: SB 2 - ***ITL:

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OEM, Stratex Networks Altium-radio

SB 1 - ***DMA: SB 2 - ***DMA: SU 2 - ***DMA: SU 4 - ***DMA:

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OEM, Stratex Networks XP4-radio

SB 1 - ***DMX: SB 2 - ***DMX: SU 2 - ***DMX: SU 4 - ***DMX:

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OEM, Intracom Microlink-radio

SB 1 - ***INT: SB 2 - ***INT:

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RFS Microwave Antennas OEM, Ceragon Fibreair radio

SB 1 - ***GNT: SB 2 - ***GNT: SU 4 - ***GNT:

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RFS Microwave Antennas OEM, Lucent SB 1 - ***MDL: SB 2 - ***MDL: SB 3 - ***MDL: SB 4 - ***MDL:

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RFS Microwave Antennas OEM, Plessey

SB 1 - ***PSY: SB 2 - ***PSY: SU 2 - ***PSY:

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1 and 2 ft antenna with SIAE-flange

SB 1 - ***SIA: SB 2 - ***SIA:

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2 ft adaptation for Radio Data-radio

SB 2-71 RD

Frequency range: 7.125 – 7.425 GHz

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Wind tunnel test of 0.3 and 0.6 m RFS CompactLine® _antennas

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Wind tunnel test of 0.3 and 0.6 m RFS CompactLine® _antennas

No permanent damages or deflections have been observed

at the applied wind speeds!

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Vibration test according to ETS 300 019, class 4M5 (old)

Test conditions

• Acceleration 10 m/s2

• Frequency range of vibration 5 - 9 Hz and 9 - 200 Hz

• Axis of vibration 3

• Number of sweeps 5 in each axis

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Shock test according to ETS 300 019, class 4M5 (old)

Test conditions

• Shock spectrum half-sinusoidal

• Duration 6 ms • Acceleration 250 m/s2 • Number of shocks 500 in each direction • Directions of shock 6 0.6 m RFS CompactLine®

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Rain test according to Finabel No. 2.C.10

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RFS Microwave Antennas Model name structure /1

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Antenna type:

PA Single polarized standard performance PAL Single polarized standard low VSWR PAX Dual polarized standard performance PAD Single polarized improved performance PADX Dual polarized improved performance PAF Non pressurised standard performance DA Single polarized High Performance DAX Dual polarized High Performance DAF Non pressurised High Performance UA Single polarized Ultra High Performance UDA Dual polarized Ultra High Performance UXA Dual polarized Ultra High performance High

Cross Polarisation Discrimination

UAF Non pressurised Ultra High Performance SP Single polarized SlimLine standard SPF Non pressurised SlimLine standard SPX Dual polarised SlimLine standard

SD Single polarised SlimLine High Performance SDX Dual polarized SlimLine High Performance SU Single polarized SlimLine Ultra High Performance

SUX Dual polarized SlimLine Ultra High Performance SB Single polarized CompactLine

SBX Dual polarized CompactLine LA single polarised Lensantenna

Freq. Range GHz: 15 1.427 - 1.535 17 1.7 - 1.9 18 1.7 - 2.11 19 1.9 - 2.3 21 2.1 - 2.3 23 2.3 - 2.5 25 2.48 - 2.7 34 3.4 - 3.9 36 3.6 - 4.2 44 4.4 - 5.0 56 5.67 - 6.17 57 5.725 - 5.85 W57 5.725 - 6.875 59 5.925 - 6.425 W59 5.925 - 7.125 65 6.425 - 7.125 71 7.125 - 7.75 W71 7.125 - 8.5 77 7.725 - 8.275 78 7.75 - 8.5 Freq. Range GHz: 103 10.3 - 10.7 105 10.5 - 10.7 107 10.7 - 11.7 122 12.2 - 13.25 127 12.7 - 13.25 142 14.2 - 15.35 190 17.7 - 19.7 220 21.2 - 23.6 250 24.25 - 26.5 270 27.3 - 28.5 280 27.5 - 29.5 300 29.5 - 31.5 380 37.0 - 39.5

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Diameter: 05 0.5ft (0.15m) 07 0.7ft (0.25m) 1 1ft (0.3m) 2 2ft (0.6m) 3 3ft (0.9m) 4 4ft (1.2m) 6 6ft (1.8m) 8 8ft (2.4m) 10 10ft (3.0m) 12 12ft (3.7m) 15 15ft (4.6m) Flange Type: B PBR-flange C CPR-flange D PDR-flange E EIA-flange G Cover gasket

J N-male connector with Jumper K WR75 contact flange M CMR flange N N-female connector O UAR-flange P PAR-flange U UG-flange V UDR-flange W UBR-flange Z Choke-flange Mechanical features:

1 Survival Wind speed 200 km/h,

standard reflector condition, 12 ft split, 15 split 2 Survival Wind speed 250 km/h,

standard reflector condition, 12 ft split, 15 split 3 Survival Wind speed 270 km/h,

standard reflector condition, 12 ft split 4 Survival Wind speed 200 km/h,

non standard reflector condition, 12 ft non split, 8 and 10 ft split 5 Survival Wind speed 250 km/h,

non standard reflector condition, 12 ft non split, 8 and 10 ft split 6 C-Mount

7 Survival Wind speed 200 km/h,

standard reflector and Swaybar at the rim 8 Survival Wind speed 250 km/h,

standard reflector and Swaybar at the rim N Installation on pipe dia. 51mm

M Installation on pipe dia. 76 mm

L Installation on pipe dia. 114 mm, if not standard

B Installation on pipe dia. 219 mm J Installation on pipe dia. 89 to 114mm K Installation on pipe dia. 51 to 114mm P Bird Protection

Color radomes and antennas:

1 Natural White (Standard) 2 Beige 3 Brown 4 Grey 5 Green 6 Light Tan 7 Black G Grey (7000), grey L Light Grey (7035), grey N Nato Green, green R RFS-Blue, white

Environment:

T Standard Temperature range -45°C to +60°C

E Extended Temperature range -64°C to +60°C

H Harsh Environment S Standard Environment

Teflon Radome:

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Data for link- and interference calculation

(Azimuth Diagram) (Azimuth Diagram)

Radiation Pattern Envelope

Radiation Pattern Envelope UDA 6 - 36 AUDA 6 - 36 A

R F S Horizontal Polarisation Vertical Polarisation HTT 990922 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 345 350 355 360/0 5 10 15 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Expanded Scale

Scale Change Scale Change

dB dB

Degrees

Engineering Approval 24.09.99 R F S

Nominal Diameter 1.8 m Frequency Range 3.6 - 4.2 GHz 6 ft

Gain 34.2 dBi at 3.9 GHz HPBW 3.0°

crosspolar

copolar The pattern data are available in

NSMA-format!

All data are accessible via internet:

www.rfsworld.com

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Features of solid parabolic antennas

•

Antenna sizes: Waveguide feed 0.3 up to 4.5 m CompactLine 0.25 up to 1.2 m

•

Reflector and Shroud : Seawater-resistant aluminium alloy

•

Mount assembly : Aluminium casting (0.25 – 1.2 m)

Hot-dip galvanised steel (1.2, 1.8 – 4.5 m)

•

Survival windspeed 270/250 km/h / 155 mph (0.25 up to 0.6 m) with 30 mm radial ice : 200 km/h / 125 mph (0.9 up to 4.5 m)

•

Operational windspeed 230 km/h / 144 mph (0.25 up to 0.6 m) with 30 mm radial ice : 190 km/h / 120 mph (0.9 up to 4.5 m)

•

Temperature range : -45°C up to +60°C

•

Interport isolation > 35 dB

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µµµµ-wave Link Calculator, introduction

The power level available at the receiver is calculated based on specific system parameters

• Transmitter output power [dBm]

• Frequency [GHz]

• Link distance [km]

The calculator takes into account:

• Free space loss [dB]

• Rain attenuation [dB]

• Atmospheric attenuation [dB]

• Polarisation

• Antenna gain [dB]

• Loss in feeder or Twistflex section [dB]

(90)

µµµµ-wave Link Calculator

Three different installation cases are considered:

• Radio integrated with antenna

The radio unit is directly mounted onto the back of the antenna. This is a very common type of installation avoiding additional loss in feeder or twistflex sections.

• Radio near to the antenna

In cases where the radio can not be attached directly to the antenna, an additional section of twistflex provides the

connection to the radio. The radio is installed on the pipe or tower near to the antenna.

• Radio in a shelter

In traditional backbone systems as well as in configurations where quick and easy maintenance is required, the radio is

installed in a shelter at ground level. In such cases FLEXWELL Elliptical Waveguide (feeder) provides a low-loss connection to the antenna.

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RFS Microwave Antennas Short summary

• Meet national and international

standards

• High mechanical stability

• High corrosion resistance

• Easy installation

(94)

RFS Grid Antennas Contents

•

Frequency and size

•

Mini Grid Antennas

•

Grid Kit Antennas

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RFS Grid Antennas Features

(97)

MGA, MGAR MINIGRID antennas

•

Small light-weight welded grid reflector

•

Fast site assembly

•

Extra high survival wind speed of 350 km/h (0.6-1.2m)

•

Sizes: 2 ft 0.6m, 3 ft 0.9m, 4 ft1.2m and 6 ft 1.8m

•

Suits all broadband and

narrowband feeds from 820 MHz to 3.7 GHz

•

R-types for low capacity rural application

(98)

RFS Grid Antennas GKL, Gridkit antennas

•

Suits all broadband and narrowband feeds from 820 MHz to 3.7 GHz

•

Knockdown reflector for economy of transport

•

Survival wind speed of 200 km/h

•

Low tower wind load

•

Sizes: 8 ft 2.4m and 10 ft 3.0m

(99)

GKA, Gridkit antennas for heavy duty, extra high wind rating

•

Suits all broadband and

narrowband feeds from 335 MHz to 3.7 GHz

•

Knock-down reflector for lower shipping costs

•

Extra high survival wind speed of 300 / 350 km/h

•

Low tower wind load

•

Sizes: 6 ft 1.8m, 8 ft 2.4m, 10 ft 3.0m, 12 ft 3.8m

(100)

GPW 46, High Gain Grid Series

•

Fully welded reflector supplied in two halves

•

Simple on-site assembly

•

Complete with mount and azimuth arms

•

Ultra high survival wind speed of 300 km/h

•

Suits all broadband and narrowband feeds from 335 MHz to 2.7 GHz

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Antennas for Point to Multipoint Systems Contents

•

Fundamental principles

•

3.5 GHz-Antennas

•

25/28 GHz-Antennas

•

Summary

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Antennas for Point to Multipoint Systems Sector characteristic, fundamentals /1

(103)

Antennas for Point to Multipoint Systems Sector characteristic, fundamentals /2

f1 f1

f2

Increase of capacity by the use of smaller sector sizes

f2

f1

f2

Advantage: - Present antennas can be used - Change of frequency by software

(104)

Antennas for Point to Multipoint Systems 25 GHz, azimuthdiagram with EN 301 215-2

-45 45

-3.0 dB

(105)

Antennas for Point to Multipoint Systems 3.5 GHz, omnidirectional characteristic VOA35-360ANVH (VOA 35-11) - Gain: >11 dBi - 3 dB_elev: 6.5 deg - Length: 880 mm ; 32 inches VOA35-360ANVL (VOA 35-08) - Gain: >8 dBi - 3 dB_elev: 11.5 deg - Length: 520 mm ; 20.5 inches

•

Omnidirectional antennas (VOA-Series)

- polarisation vertical - Connector N-female

(106)

Antennas for Point to Multipoint Systems 3.5 GHz, sectorcharacteristic

•

Sector antennas (SEC-Series)

- designed for point-to-multipoint application - polarisation vertical and horizontal

- available in azimuth sectors of 60, 90, 120 and 180 deg - two different gain values (3 dB difference)

SEC35-90ANVH (SEC 35-90-16 V) - Gain: >16 dBi - 3 dB_elev: 6.5 deg - Length: 815 mm ; 32 inches SEC35-90ANVL (SEC 35-90-13 V) - Gain: >13 dBi - 3 dB_elev: 11.5 deg - Length: 495 mm ; 19.5 inches

(107)

Antennas for Point to Multipoint Systems Mount with tilt option

The optional tilt mount enables the network planer to optimise the coverage within a cell by adjusting the down tilt from 0 up to -20 deg in elevation.

It can be applied to all sector antennas in different array

configurations. An example is shown with 4x90 deg sector antennas.

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Antennas for Point to Multipoint Systems 3.5 GHz, Subscriber-antennas

SA-Series

- Cost effective design

- Available in two gain versions - With integrated coaxial cable

- The antenna is protected by a solid radome

- The antenna mount provides a quick and easy installation on standard pipes from Ø 30 up to 60 mm as well as wall installation

- Survival Windspeed 200 km/h - Operational Windspeed 120 km/h

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Antennas for Point to Multipoint Systems 3.5 GHz, Subcriber Antennas

PAN/SA-Series (Panel-Ant.)

Height x width

125 x 220 mm Height x width_{310 x 210 mm}

SA35-15ASH: 14.5 dBi, 0.2m cable SA35-15ASM: 12.7 dBi, 2.0m cable SA35-15ASL: 11.9 dBi, 3.0m cable

SA35-17ASH: 17.0 dBi, 0.2m cable SA35-17ASM: 15.1 dBi, 2.0m cable SA35-17ASL: 14.0 dBi, 3.0m cable

(110)

Antennas for Point to Multipoint Systems 25 GHz, 90 deg sector characteristic

SEC260-90ABH SEC260-90BBV

Frequency range: 24.25 - 26.75 GHz Polarisation: vertical or horizontal Gain: > 15 dBi

Diameter x length 170 x 210 mm

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Antennas for Point to Multipoint Systems 28 GHz, 90 deg sector characteristic (LMDS)

SEC280-90-21-H SEC280-90-21-V

Frequency range: 27.35 - 29.5 GHz Polarisation: vertical or horizontal Gain: > 21 dBi

Height x Width x Depth 450 x 90 x 230 mm

SEC280-90ABH SEC280-90BBV

Frequency range: 27.35 – 29.5 GHz Polarisation: vertical or horizontal Gain: > 15 dBi

Diameter x length 170 x 210 mm

(112)

Antennas for Point to Multipoint Systems Summary

•

3.4 - 3.6 GHz Available:

Omnidirectional characteristic, vertical

Sectorcharacteristic, vertical and horizontal Pencil beam characteristic

- Flat panel - Grid antennas - Parabolic antennas

•

24.5 – 26.5 GHz and 27.35 – 29.5 GHz Available: 90°-sectorcharacteristic

- Medium gain, (25 and 28 GHz) - High gain, (28 GHz)

Pencil beam characteristic - Parabolic antennas

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•

Standard waveguides

•

Overmoded waveguides

•

Connectors for waveguides

•

Dehydration of waveguides

(114)

RFS FLEXWELL Elliptical Waveguides Product Portfolio

Three versions of FLEXWELL® _{elliptical waveguide are offered:}

• FLEXWELL® _{“Standard” waveguide,} _{1.7 – 39.5 GHz}

• Low VSWR “Premium” waveguide, 3.0 – 19.7 GHz

• “Overmoded” waveguide”, 10.7 – 39.5 GHz

Standard and premium waveguide differ only in testing and

guaranteed attainable VSWR. FLEXWELL® _{“standard” waveguide is}

recommended for low and medium capacity radio relay systems,

while FLEXWELL® _{“premium” elliptical waveguide assemblies are}

recommended for high capacity radio systems.

Overmoded waveguides offer exceptionally low attenuation

characteristics compared with conventional waveguides. The waveguide operates above the cut-off frequency of higher order modes utilizing the lowest attenuation characteristics of the

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RFS FLEXWELL Elliptical Waveguides Different models E70 48x28mm E105 33x20mm E130 29x18mm E380 12x9mm

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RFS FLEXWELL Elliptical Waveguides Frequency ranges below 10 GHz

Model Number Operating Frequency Band Performance Dimension over Jacket Max. VSWR / Max. VSWR /

[GHz] [mm, (in)] R.L. Standard [dB] R.L. Premium [dB]

E20 1.70 - 2.30 Standard 145 x 81 (5.7 x 3.2) 1.128 / 24.4 E30 2.30 - 3.10 Standard 112 x 64 (4.4 x 2.5) 1.128 / 24.4 E38 3.0 - 4.20 Standard 84 x 48 (3.3 x 1.9) 1.15 / 23.1 EP38 3.0 - 4.20 Premium 84 x 48 (3.3 x 1.9) 1.083 / 28.0 E46 3.65 - 5.0 Standard 71 x 42 (2.8 x 1.7) 1.15 / 23.1 EP46 3.65 - 5.0 Premium 71 x 42 (2.8 x 1.7) 1.083 / 28.0 ES46 3.9 - 5.0 Standard 68 x 41 (2.7 x 1.6) 1.15 / 23.1 ESP46 3.9 - 5.0 Premium 68 x 41 (2.7 x 1.6) 1.073 / 29.1 EP58 4.40 - 6.20 Premium 57 x 33 (2.3 x 1.3) 1.083 / 28.0 E60 4.5 - 6.425 Standard 56 x 33 (2.2 x 1.3) 1.15 / 23.1 EP60 4.5 - 6.425 Premium 56 x 33 (2.2 x 1.3) 1.062 / 30.5 E65 5.0 - 7.125 Standard 51 x 30 (2.0 x 1.2) 1.15 / 23.1 EP65 5.0 - 7.125 Premium 51 x 30 (2.0 x 1.2) 1.062 / 30.5 EP70 5.4 - 7.75 Premium 48 x 28 (1.9 x 1.1) 1.062 / 30.5 E78 5.9 - 8.50 Standard 44 x 26 (1.7 x 1.0) 1.15 / 23.1 EP78 7.10 - 8.50 Premium 44 x 26 (1.7 x 1.0) 1.062 / 30.5

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RFS FLEXWELL Elliptical Waveguides Frequency ranges above 10 GHz

Model Number Operating Frequency Band Performance Dimension over Jacket Max. VSWR / Max. VSWR /

[GHz] [mm, (in)] R.L. Standard [dB] R.L. Premium [dB]

E105 8.1 - 11.70 Standard 33 x 20 (1.3 x 0.8) 1.15 / 23.1 EP105 10.3 - 11.7 Premium 33 x 20 (1.3 x 0.8) 1.062 / 30.5 E130 9.3 - 13.25 Standard 29 x 18 (1.1 x 0.7) 1.15 / 23.1 EP130 10.7 - 13.25 Premium 29 x 18 (1.1 x 0.7) 1.083 / 28.0 E150 10.8 - 15.35 Standard 26 x 16 (1.0 x 0.6) 1.15 / 23.1 EP150 13.4 - 15.35 Premium 26 x 16 (1.0 x 0.6) 1.083 / 28.0 E185 13.70 - 19.70 Standard 21 x 13 (0.8 x 0.5) 1.15 / 23.1 EP185 17.3 - 19.7 Premium 21 x 13 (0.8 x 0.5) 1.083 / 28.0 E220 16.7 - 23.6 Standard 18 x 12 (0.7 x 0.5) 1.105 / 26.0 E250 19.0 - 26.5 Standard 16 x 11 (0.6 x 0.4) 1.151 / 23.1

E300 27.5 - 33.4 Standard under development

E380 29.0 - 39.5 Standard 12 x 9 (0.5 x 0.3) 1.151 / 23.1 EO11 10.7 -11.7 Overmoded 50 x 32 (2.0 x 1.3) 1.073 / 29.1 EO15 12.7 - 15.35 Overmoded 41 x 27 (1.6 x 1.1) 1.083 / 28.0 EO19 17.3 - 19.7 Overmoded 31 x 21 (1.2 x 0.8) 1.083 / 28.0 EO22 21.2 - 23.6 Overmoded 28 x 19 (1.1 x 0.7) 1.105 / 26.0 EO38 27.5 - 39.5 Overmoded 18 x 13 (0.7 x 0.5 ) 1.151 / 23.1

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EO38, extension of frequency range (27.5 – 39.5 GHz)

Advantage:

• RFS offers a complete waveguide

solution from 27.5 to 39.5 GHz!

• Accessories are available!

(119)

2a = 2.5 cm 2a = 3.0 cm 2a = 4.0 cm 2a = 6.0 cm 2a = 8.0 cm

2a Broad axis of elliptical waveguide

x End of single mode operation (H_C11)

Frequency [GHz]

RFS FLEXWELL Elliptical Waveguides Attenuation curves A tt en ua tio n A tt en ua tio n [d B /1 00 m ] [d B /1 00 m ]

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RFS FLEXWELL Elliptical Waveguides Comparison of attenuation

Frequency Attenuation of FLEXWELL Elliptical Waveguides [dB/100m]

[GHz] Single Mode Overmoded Advantage including filters

38.25 60.7 24.7 35.3

22.40 28.3 14.0 13.7

18.70 19.3 9.5 9.2

14.50 14.0 6.4 7.0

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RFS FLEXWELL Elliptical Waveguides Connector with ‘Plast 2000’ sealing

Plast 2000 Sealing

Plast 2000 has a very good adhesion to the metallic parts of the connector and to the waveguide. The curing process depends on the humidity and temperature of the air. Under normal

conditions, sealing against moisture is accomplished in a very short time.

These connectors have been carefully designed for excellent VSWR performance without the use of any tuning screws. Model numbers on these connectors end with a letter “P” to designate the use of Plast 2000 sealing.

Exception all connectors with gasket and shrinking sleeves:

E250 and E380 series,

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RFS FLEXWELL Elliptical Waveguides Connectors, gasket sealing

Gasket Sealing

In this design, the connector is sealed between the backnut and the waveguide with a conical shaped threaded gasket. The threaded gasket is held in place with an internal pressure plate to create a gas tight waveguide assembly that will not leak even if the

waveguide is flexed near the connector.

A seal between the connector backnut and the waveguide transition is achieved with a specially shaped flat gasket that encompasses the waveguide flare and connector bolt holes.

A heat shrink boot is supplied for application over the elliptical waveguide and the connector backnut to provide strain relief and additional weatherproofing.

Model number on these connectors end with a letter “G” for designation of gasket sealing.

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RFS FLEXWELL Elliptical Waveguides Connectors, product portfolio

Connector Types

FLEXWELL® _{elliptical waveguide connectors are available in}

standard (non-tuneable), tuneable and fixed tuned versions.

FLEXWELL® _{connectors are offered with interface to EIA and IEC}

standard waveguide flanges.

Fixed Tuned

(124)

RFS FLEXWELL Elliptical Waveguides Connectors, types for E150

Model Number Frequency Range [GHz] Connector Type Sealing

Method Flange Type

D120-150FP 13.40 - 14.5 Fixed Plast 2000 PDR120

B120-150FP 13.40 - 14.5 _Fixed _{Plast 2000} PBR120

D140-150FP 14.0 - 15.35 _Fixed _{Plast 2000} PDR140

B140-150FP 14.0 - 15.35 _Fixed _{Plast 2000} PBR140

G419-150TG 13.40 - 15.35 Tunable Gasket UG-419/541/U

G419-150FG 13.40 - 15.35 Non-tunable Gasket UG-419/541/U

K75-150TG 13.40 - 15.35 Tunable Gasket WR75 contact

K75-150FG 13.40 - 15.35 Non-tunable Gasket WR75 contact

B140-150TG 13.40 - 15.35 Tunable Gasket PBR140

W140-150TG 13.40 - 15.35 Tunable Gasket UBR140

Z75-150TG 13.40 - 15.35 Tunable Gasket WR75 choke/cover

Z75-150FG 13.40 - 15.35 Non-tunable Gasket WR75 choke/cover

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RFS FLEXWELL Elliptical Waveguides Summary

RFS FLEXWELL

®

_Elliptical

waveguides

• Low attenuation single mode

waveguides

• Extra low attenuation

overmoded waveguide

(126)

•

Dehydration of waveguides

•

Why dehydration?

•

Manual and automatic dehydrators

•

Dehydration of small volume waveguides RFS FLEXWELL® _{Elliptical Waveguide}

(127)

Temperature [°C] S at ur at io n pr es su re [ hP a] 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 25 30

ice overheated steam

liquid

Triple Point

•

RFS FLEXWELL Elliptical Waveguides Steam pressure curve of water

20 13 -18 60 % 5%

(128)

-

Different dehydrators can be used, but the maximum pressure of

0,3 bar has to be kept.

-

The max. length of waveguide is dependent on the capacity of the dehydrator

-

Both ends of the waveguide run are closed with pressure windows (or at one end by the pressure tight antenna).

-

The dehydrator is used to

remove any moisture from the system.

RFS FLEXWELL Elliptical waveguides Dehydration with dehydrator

(129)

RFS FLEXWELL Elliptical Waveguides Dehydrator, manual regeneration LAB2

The air is dried through

chemical absorption by granular substances in a disposable

cartridge accessible from the front panel !

(130)

Features:

• Wall or 19“ rack mounted

• Air capacity 100 l/h

• Operating voltage 230 VAC or 36 - 72 VDC

• Operating temperature -10°C...+50°C • Size (WxHxD) 48 x 9 x 18 cm • Weight 7.5 kg • Number of outlets 4 • MTBF higher 180.000 h (25°C, 50% flow rate)

• Output pressure programmable from 0,1kPa up to 4,0kPa

(1,0 mbar up to 40 mbar)

(131)

Detector

The cartridge must be replaced when the color changes from blue to pink

Shutoff valves Knob for shutoff valves in parking position Display Function keys Warning LED’s Power Switch Fuses RFS FLEXWELL Elliptical Waveguides

(132)

Rear panel

View inside

(133)

Installation

Prepared for rack 19“ mounting

ETSI-N3

Brackets for frame N3 mounting

and for wall mounting RFS FLEXWELL Elliptical Waveguides Dehydrator, manual regeneration LAB2

(134)

RFS FLEXWELL Elliptical Waveguides Dehydrator, automatic regeneration LAB4

The air is dried by an automatic heating process !

(135)

RFS FLEXWELL Elliptical Waveguides Dehydrator, automatic regeneration LAB4

Features:

• Wall or 19“ rack mounted

• Air capacity 100 l/h

• Operating voltage 230 VAC or 36 - 72 VDC

• Operating temperature -10°C...+50°C • Size (WxHxD) 48 x 31 x 15 cm • Weight 17 kg • Number of outlets 4 • MTBF higher 165.000 h (25°C, 50% flow rate)

• Output pressure programmable from 0,1kPa up to 6,0kPa

(1,0mbar up to 60mbar)

(136)

With metallic case for wall mounting

Remove the metallic case for rack 19” mounting

ETSI-N3 brackets

Attention: Because of humidity coming out on top of the equipment during regeneration and the high temperature (100°C) leave an upper free space of at least four units from the dehydrator to the closed equipment!

Dehydrator, automatic regeneration LAB4, Installation

(137)

RFS FLEXWELL Elliptical Waveguides Outlet extension kit for LAB4, ADD-ON4

The total number of outlets can be extended up to 8

(138)

Dehydrator, semi and automatic regeneration

– Automatic - APD-20 and APD-70 – Semi Automatic - SPD-10

SPD-10

(139)

The closed system with purging, seal test and humidity indicator

-

The maximum length of waveguide is determined by the size of the nitrogen bottle.

-

In case of leakage the desiccant cartridge will provide an early

warning (changing colour from blue to violet).

-

Both ends of the waveguide run are closed with pressure windows (or at one end by the pressure tight antenna).

-

The system is purged with dry nitrogen (5.0) and seal tested after installation – with a transportable purge and sealing device.

Open the gas inlet

during purging Purging and_{seal test}

RFS FLEXWELL Elliptical waveguides

Dehydration concept for small volume waveguides

-

Moisture is eliminated from the waveguide.

Attention: The max. pressure is 0,3 bar!

(140)

RFS FLEXWELL Elliptical Waveguides Transportable purge and sealing device

The RFS purge and sealing device can be used up to a waveguide

volume of approx. 2 litres:

FLEXWELL waveguide E 380 E 250 E 220 EO 38 E 185 E 150 E 130 EO 22 E 105

The closed system

with purging and seal test and humidity indicator < 75 m < 30 m < 25 m < 25 m < 16 m < 10 m < 8 m < 8 m < 6 m

(141)

Installation on waveguide connector for E100 –

E185

Desiccant cartridge with humidity indicator

The RFS desiccant cartridge is an economical solution designed to eliminate moisture in antenna/feeder system. In case of leakage an early warning is provided by the humidity indicator.

The cartridge is installed at the connector in general.

For installation on small-size waveguides the kit includes an additional waveguide component.

Rectangular flanges R220, R260 and R320

Installation with DC-KIT adaptor for E220 – E380

(142)

Example for 28 GHz antenna waveguide system Antennas

• SB 1-280 or SB 2-280

• SEC280-90BBV

FLEXWELL Elliptical waveguide

• EO38 with B320-L38FP

Desiccant Cartridge