Table of Contents
1
OLGA
...1
Welcome to OLGA 6 ...2
Release Information ...3
Introduction ...3
Introduction ...4
Background ...5
OLGA as a Strategic Tool ...
6
OLGA Model Basics ...
7
How to use in general ...
11
Threaded Execution ...12
Applications ...16
Input files ...22
Simulation model ...24
Graphical User Interface ...24
Introduction ...25
New Project ...26
New case ...27
Open existing case ...
28
Start page ...29
Model view ...31
File view ...32
Component view ...33
Property editor ...35
Network view ...47
Flowpath view ...49
Connection view ...50
Output window ...52
Time series editor ...
54
Plotting ...
55
Active case trend plot ...
56
Active case profile plot ...
58
Fluid properties ...
59
Multi-case plotting ...
60
Some general features of the plotting tool ...
61
Export/import data to/from MS Excel ...
63
Parametric Studies ...66
Geometry editor ...67
Activating ...69
Enter a new profile ...
71
Edit geometries ...
72
Edit the table ...
73
Edit the graph ...
74
Check angle distribution ...
75
Filter the data ...
76
Complete the data ...
77
Define sectioning ...
99
2nd Order Scheme ...99
Purpose ...100
When to use ...101
Methods and assumptions ...
104
Limitations ...105
How to use ...106
Blackoil ...106
Purpose ...107
When to use ...108
Methods and assumptions ...
116
Limitations ...117
How to use ...118
Complex Fluid ...118
Purpose ...119
When to use ...120
Methods and assumptions ...
121
How to use ...122
Compositional Tracking ...122
Purpose ...123
When to use ...124
Methods and assumptions ...
125
Limitations ...126
How to use ...131
Controller ...131
Controller introduction ...132
Analog Vs Digital Controllers ...
133
Controller mode ...
135
Controller activation deactivation ...
136
Constraining the controller output ...
137
Controller details ...
139
Controller terminals ...
140
Actuator time of controlled device ...
141
Connecting the controllers ...
142
Controller Setpoint ...
143
Controller measured variable ...
144
Algebraic controller ...144
Purpose ...145
When to use ...146
Methods and assumptions ...
147
148
ASC controller ...148
Purpose ...149
When to use ...150
Methods and assumptions ...
151
How to use ...152
Cascade controller ...152
Purpose ...153
When to use ...154
Methods and assumptions ...
156
Limitations ...157
How to use ...158
ESD controller ...158
Purpose ...159
When to use ...160
Methods and assumptions ...
161
How to use ...162
Manual controller ...162
Purpose ...163
When to use ...164
Methods and assumptions ...
165
How to use ...166
Override controller ...166
Purpose ...167
When to use ...168
Methods and assumptions ...
170
How to use ...171
PID controller ...171
Purpose ...172
When to use ...173
Methods and assumptions ...
175
How to use ...179
PSV controller ...179
Purpose ...180
When to use ...181
Methods and assumptions ...
182
How to use ...183
Scaler controller ...183
Purpose ...184
When to use ...185
Methods and assumptions ...
186
How to use ...187
Selector controller ...187
Purpose ...188
When to use ...189
Methods and assumptions ...
191
How to use ...192
STD Controller ...192
Purpose ...193
When_to_use ...194
Methods_and_assumptions ...206
Purpose ...
207
When to use ...
208
Methods and assumptions ...
209
Limitations ...210
How to use ...211
Corrosion ...211
Purpose ...212
When to use ...213
Methods and assumptions ...
215
How to use ...218
Limitations ...219
Drilling Fluid ...219
Purpose ...220
When to use ...221
Methods and assumptions ...
222
How to use ...223
Hydrate Check ...223
HydrateCheck - Purpose ...224
HydrateCheck - When to use ...
225
HydrateCheck - Methods and assumptions ...
227
HydrateCheck - Limitations ...
228
HydrateCheck - How to use ...
229
Hydrate Kinetics ...229
Purpose ...230
When to use ...231
Methods and assumptions ...
233
Limitations ...234
How to use ...235
Inhibitor Tracking ...235
Purpose ...236
When to use ...237
Methods and assumptions ...
239
Limitations ...240
How to use ...241
Leak ...241
Purpose ...242
When to use ...243
Methods and assumptions ...
244
Limitations ...
245
246
Near-Wellbore ...246
Purpose ...247
When to use ...248
Methods and assumptions ...
250
Limitations ...
251
How to use ...
252
Phase Split Node ...
252
Purpose ...253
When_to_use ...254
Methods_and_assumptions ...255
Limitations ...256
How_to_use ...257
Pig ...257
Purpose ...258
When to use ...259
Methods and assumptions ...
261
Limitations ...262
How to use ...263
Process Equipment ...263
Check Valve ...263
Purpose ...264
When to use ...265
Methods and assumptions ...
266
Limitations ...267
How to use ...268
Compressor ...268
Purpose ...269
Methods and assumptions ...
274
Limitations ...
275
How to use ...
276
Gas Lift Valve ...
276
Purpose ...
277
When to use ...
278
Methods and assumptions ...
281
Limitations ...282
How to use ...283
Heat Exchanger ...283
Purpose ...284
When to use ...285
Methods and assumptions ...
286
Limitations ...287
How to use ...288
Pump ...288
Purpose ...289
When to use ...290
Methods and assumptions ...
299
Limitations ...300
How to use ...304
Separator ...304
Purpose ...323
When to use ...
324
Methods and assumptions ...
329
How to use ...330
Slug Tracking ...330
Purpose ...331
When to use ...332
Methods and assumptions ...
334
Limitations ...335
How to use ...338
Slug Tuning ...338
Purpose ...339
When to use ...340
Methods and assumptions ...
341
Limitations ...342
How to use ...343
Source ...343
Purpose ...344
When to use ...345
Methods and assumptions ...
349
How to use ...
350
Steady State Processor ...
350
Purpose ...
351
When to use ...
352
Methods and assumptions ...
353
Limitations ...354
How to use ...355
Steam\Water-HC ...355
Purpose ...356
When to use ...357
Methods and assumptions ...
361
How to use ...362
Thermal Components ...363
Annulus ...363
Purpose ...364
When to use ...365
Methods and assumptions ...
366
Limitations ...367
How to use ...368
FEMTherm ...368
Purpose ...369
When to use ...
370
Methods and assumptions ...
375
Limitations ...376
How to use ...377
Bundle ...377
Purpose ...378
When to use ...379
Methods and assumptions ...
380
Limitations ...381
How to use ...382
LINE ...382
Purpose ...383
When to use ...384
Limitations ...385
How to use ...386
Thermal Computations ...386
Purpose ...387
Methods and assumptions ...
389
Limitations ...390
How to use ...391
Tracer Tracking ...391
Purpose ...392
When_to_use ...393
Methods_and_Assumptions ...394
Limitations ...395
How_to_use ...206
Transmitter ...206
Purpose ...207
When to use ...208
Methods and assumptions ...
209
Limitations ...210
How to use ...396
Tuning ...396
Tuning - Purpose ...397
Tuning - When to use ...
398
Tuning - Methods and assumptions ...
399
Tuning - How to use ...
400
Water ...400
Purpose ...401
When to use ...402
Methods and assumptions ...
405
Limitations ...406
How to use ...408
Wax ...408
Purpose ...409
When to use ...410
Methods and assumptions ...
414
Limitations ...415
How to use ...416
Well ...442
Compositional ...442
BLACKOILCOMPONENT ...443
BLACKOILFEED ...444
BLACKOILOPTIONS ...445
COMPOPTIONS ...447
FEED ...448
Controller ...448
Algebraic Controller ...451
ASC Controller ...454
Cascade Controller ...457
ESD Controller ...459
Manual controller ...461
Override Controller ...463
PID Controller ...466
PSV Controller ...468
Scaler Controller ...469
Selector Controller ...472
STD Controller ...474
Switch Controller ...476
Table Controller ...477
Output ...477
OUTPUTDATA ...478
TRENDDATA ...479
FA-models ...479
FLUID ...481
SINGLEOPTIONS ...483
SLUGTRACKING ...485
SLUGTUNING ...486
WATEROPTIONS ...488
FlowComponent ...488
NODE ...488
NODE ...492
Output ...492
NODE_OUTPUTDATA ...493
NODE_TRENDDATA ...494
FLOWPATH ...494
FLOWPATH ...495
Piping ...495
BRANCH ...496
GEOMETRY ...497
PIPE ...498
POSITION ...499
ProcessEquipment ...499
CHECKVALVE ...500
COMPRESSOR ...502
HEATEXCHANGER ...503
LEAK ...505
LOSS ...507
PUMP ...511
TRANSMITTER ...512
VALVE ...514
Boundary&InitialConditions ...514
HEATTRANSFER ...517
INITIALCONDITIONS ...520
NEARW ELLSOURCE ...522
SOURCE ...531
W ELL ...544
Output ...544
PROFILEDATA ...545
OUTPUTDATA ...546
TRENDDATA ...548
FA-models ...548
CORROSION ...550
DTCONTROL ...551
HYDRATECHECK ...552
HYDRATEKINETICS ...554
PIG ...557
SLUGILLEGAL ...558
SLUGTRACKING ...560
TUNING ...562
WAXDEPOSITION ...566
Library ...566
DRILLINGFLUID ...568
HYDRATECURVE ...569
MATERIAL ...571
SHAPE ...572
TABLE ...573
TIMESERIES ...575
TRACERFEED ...576
WALL ...577
Output ...578
OUTPUT ...579
OUTPUTDATA ...580
PLOT ...581
PROFILE ...582
PROFILEDATA ...583
TREND ...584
TRENDDATA ...585
ProcessEquipment ...585
PHASESPLITNODE ...596
SOLIDBUNDLE ...598
BundleComponents ...598
COMPONENT ...600
Drilling ...600
TOOLJOINT ...105
How to use ...105
2nd Order Scheme ...367
Annulus ...117
Blackoil ...267
Check valve ...121
Complex Fluid ...126
Compositional Tracking ...275
Compressor ...147
Controller ...147
Algebraic controller ...151
ASC controller ...157
Cascade controller ...161
ESD controller ...165
Manual controller ...170
Override controller ...175
PID controller ...182
PSV controller ...186
Scaler controller ...191
Selector controller ...200
Switch controller ...205
Table controller ...210
Transmitter ...215
Corrosion ...222
Drilling Fluid ...376
FEM Therm ...381
Fluid Bundle ...282
Gas Lift Valve ...
287
Heat Exchanger ...228
HydrateCheck ...240
Inhibitor Tracking ...245
Leak ...385
LINE ...251
Near-Wellbore ...262
Pig ...300
Pump ...310
Separator ...329
SingleComponent ...335
Slug Tracking ...342
SlugTuning ...349
Source ...354
Steady state processor ...
361
SteamWater-HC ...390
Thermal computations ...210
Transmitter ...399
Tuning ...321
Valve ...406
Water Module ...415
Wax ...426
Well ...577
Output Variables ...601
Boundary Output Variables ...
605
Branch Output Variables ...
608
Bundle Output Variables ...
609
Check valve Output Variables ...
610
Compositional Output Variables ...
614
Compositional slugtracking Output Variables ...
616
Compressor Output Variables ...
617
Controller Output Variables ...
618
Conversion Factors ...
626
Corrosion Output Variables ...
627
Drilling Output Variables ...
629
Global Output Variables ...
630
Heat exchanger Output Variables ...
631
Hydrate kinetics Output Variables ...
633
Inhibitor Output Variables ...
634
Leak Output Variables ...
636
Node Output Variables ...
637
Pig Output Variables ...
639
Pump Output Variables ...
640
Separator Output Variables ...
643
Slugtracking Output Variables ...
648
Source Output Variables ...
650
SteamAndSingle Output Variables ...
651
TracerTracking Output Variables ...
653
Valve Output Variables ...
654
Volume Output Variables ...
657
Waxdeposition Output Variables ...
659
Well Output Variables ...
660
Data Files ...661
Compressor data file ...
663
Wax table file ...
665
Hydrate curve definition file ...
666
OLGA Rocx ...
667
Fluid Properties File ...
668
701
Memory consumption ...702
Fluid properties ...703
Input/Output Limitations ...704
Standard Conditions in OLGA ...
705
Flow Model Limitations ...
706
Important Numerical Recommendations ...
708
Sample cases ...708
Sample cases ...709
2nd-order scheme ...711
Advanced Well ...712
Blackoil ...714
Centrifugal Pump ...716
CO2 - Single Component ...
717
Compositional Tracking ...719
Corrosion ...721
Displacement Pump ...723
Drilling Fluid ...725
Fluid bundle ...727
H2O - Single Component ...
728
H2O - Steam/Water-HC ...729
Hydrate Kinetics ...731
Hydrodynamic slugging ...733
MEG Tracking ...734
Network ...736
PID Controller ...738
Pigging ...740
Process Equipment ...742
Pump Battery ...744
Separator ...745
Simplified Pump ...747
Solid bundle ...749
Source, Leak and Choke ...
751
Start-up slug ...753
Tracer Tracking ...755
Wateroptions ...756
Waxdeposition ...758
Troubleshooting ...759
Geometry Editor problems ...
760
GUI uses a lot of Memory ...
761
762
License issues ...
763
Mouse pointer changed to an unrecognize symbol ...
764
Plots-no units ...
765
Problems showing the graphics ...
766
Restore layout ...
767
Simualtion state runnable ...
768
Simulation not runnable ...
769
- Tutorial
- Installation Guide
All documents listed above are available from the Start Menu (Start - All Programs - SPT Group - OLGA 6.2 - Documentation).
The OLGA 6 User Manual, OLGA 6 GUI User Manual, OLGA 6 Conversion Guide, Wells GUI User Manual and the Tutorial are also available from the Help menu in the GUI).
User Manuals for other tools included with the OLGA 6 installation are available from the Help menus in the tools.
Release Information
Please refer to the Release Document for detailed release information for OLGA 6.2.
The Release Document describes changes in OLGA 6.2 relative to OLGA 5 and OLGA 6.1, and should be read by all users of the program.
The complete program documentation consists of the OLGA User Manual, OLGA 6 GUI User Manual, OLGA 6 Conversion Guide, Wells GUI User Manual, Tutorial, Installation Guide, and the Release Document.
The program is available on PC’s with Microsoft Windows operating
systems (Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows 7). Several versions of OLGA may be installed in parallel. Note that you may also run several versions of the engine from one version of the GUI - please refer to the Installation Guide to learn how to configure the GUI for several
engines.
The support center provides useful information about frequently asked questions and known issues. The support center is available from the SPT Group Support Center
Please contact SPT Group if problems or missing functionality are encountered when using OLGA or any of the related tools included in the OLGA software package.
E-mail: [email protected]
Telephone: +47 6484 4550 Fax: +47 6484 4500
a description of the output
The sample cases presented with the installation of OLGA are intended to illustrate important program options and typical simulation output. A description of the sample cases are also included in this manual.
OLGA comes in a basic version with a number of optional modules;FEMTherm, Multiphase Pumps, Corrosion, Wells, Slug Tracking, Wax Deposition, Inhibitor Tracking, Compositional Tracking, Single Component Tuning, Hydrate Kinetics and Complex Fluid.
In addition there is a number of additional programs like the OLGA GUI and the FEMThermViewer for preparation of input data and visualisation of results.
These optional modules and additional programs are available to the user according to the user's licensing agreement with SPT Group.
See also:
Background
OLGA as a strategic tool OLGA Model Basics How to use in general Graphical User Interface Simulation model Input files
Applications
Background
OLGA 6 is the latest version in a continuous development which was started by the Institute for Energy Research (IFE) in 1980. The oil industry started using OLGA in 1984 when Statoil had supported its development for 3 years. Data from the large scale flow loop at SINTEF, and later from the medium scale loop at IFE, were essential for the development of the multiphase flow correlations and also for the validation of OLGA. Oil companies have since then supported the development and provided field data to help manage uncertainty, predominantly within the OLGA Verification and Improvement Project (OVIP). OLGA has been commercially available since the SPT Group started marketing it in 1990.
OLGA is used for networks of wells, flowlines and pipelines and process equipment, covering the production system from bottom hole into the production system. OLGA comes with a steady state pre-processor included which is intended for calculating initial values to the transient simulations, but which also is useful for traditional steady state parameter variations. However, the transient capabilities of OLGA dramatically increase the range of applicability compared with steady state simulators.
OLGA is applied for engineering throughout field life from conceptual studies to support of operations. However the application has been extended to be an integral part of operator training simulators, used for making operating procedures, training of operators and check out of control systems. Further, OLGA is frequently embedded in on-line systems for monitoring of pipeline conditions and forecasting and planning of operations.
OLGA can dynamically interface with all major dynamic process simulators, such as Hysys, DynSim, UniSim, D-SPICE, INDISS and ASSETT. This allows for making integrated engineering simulators and operator training simulators studying the process from bottom hole all the way through the process facility in a single high fidelity model.
Note that the OLGA flow correlation has been implemented in all major steady state simulators providing consistent results moving between different simulators.
OLGA Model Basics
OLGA 6 is a three-fluid model, i.e. separate continuity equations are applied for the gas, for the oil (or condensate) and water liquids and also for oil (or condensate) and water droplets. These may be coupled through interfacial mass transfer. Three momentum equations are used; one for each of the continuous liquid phases (oil/condensate and water) and one for the combination of gas with liquid droplets. The velocity of any liquid droplets entrained in the gas phase is given by a slip relation. One mixture energy equation is applied; assuming that all phases are at the same temperature. This yields seven conservation equations to be solved: three for mass, three for momentum, and one for energy.
Two basic flow regime classes are recognised ; distributed and separated flow. The former comprises bubble and slug flow [1], the latter stratified and annular mist flow.
Figure A Flow patterns in horizontal flow
Transition between the regime classes is determined by the program on the basis of a minimum slip concept combined with additional criteria.
To close the system of equations, fluid properties, boundary and initial conditions are required.
The equations are linearised and a sequential solution scheme is applied. The pressure and temperature calculations are de-coupled i.e. current pressure is based on previous temperature.
The semi-implicit time integration implemented allows for relatively long time steps, orders of magnitudes longer than those of an explicit method (which would be limited by the Courant Friedrich Levy criterion based on the speed of sound).
The numerical error is corrected for over a period of time. The error manifests as an error in local fluid volume (as compared to the relevant pipe volume).
[1] In standard OLGA a slug unit model is applied which calculates average liquid hold-up and pressure,
but which does not give any details about individual slugs. To follow individual slugs through the system the slug tracking module must be applied.
The spatial integration is performed on a user-defined grid. There are tools available to facilitate the gridding. There are no formal limitations on the numerical section lengths, but it is considered good practice to keep all neighbour section length ratios between 0.5 and 2:
0.5 ≤
D
x
i/
D
x
i+1 ≤ 2 for all iAdditionally it is recommended that each pipe should have at least two sections.
Due to the numerical solution scheme, OLGA is particularly well suited for simulating rather slow mass flow transients. This is important for the simulation of long transport lines and thermal calculations, where typical simulation times in the range of hours to several days, and sometimes years, will require long time steps, to obtain efficient use of the computer.
OLGA is also being used successfully for fast transients such as water hammer and pressure surges in general. Certain precautions w.r.t. spatial grid and time-stepping may be needed in order to keep the numerical error within acceptable limits. Since OLGA not accounts for pipe elasticity the calculated pressure peaks should be conservative.
The de-coupling of temperature from pressure would normally give a pressure wave propagation velocity in gas which would be about 15% too low. However, in OLGA 6 a quasi implicit correction of temperature reduces this error considerably.
Critical flow calculations are performed in the OLGA valve model, only. A valve with cross section equal to the pipe should then be positioned on e.g. a pipe outlet if choked flow is expected.
Temperature
OLGA is particularly well suited for sophisticated thermal simulations. Since OLGA is one-dimensional (calculates along the pipe axis) any 2 and 3-dimensional effects must be modelled explicitly. The basic OLGA thermal model calculates the inner wall heat transfer coefficient. The built-in correlations are valid for natural- and forced convection and also for the transition between them. Flow pattern is accounted for. The user may specify pipe walls with material properties, including emissivity to account for radiation, and must give the ambient properties, i.e. temperature and heat transfer coefficient. Based on this the fluid temperature is calculated.
Special features like Annulus, Solid- and Fluid bundles make it possible to simulate very complex structures of pipe-in-pipe and parallel pipes within structures of various solid materials. Taking into account that temperature is calculated along the pipes one obtains a combination of two-dimensional convective heat transfer within 3-dimensional heat conducting structures.
Solid bundle cross section of 4 vertical tubes within rock – neighbour tubes are 2.5 m apart. The black "line" is a
neighbour tubes are 2.5 m apart. The black "line" is a
temperature iso-line. One clearly sees how the area between the tubes is subject to inter-tube heating.
Initial Conditions
The requirement for initial conditions is a fundamental difference between a transient and a steady state model, e.g. the results of a steady state calculation may serve as the initial condition (at t=0 ) for a transient simulation.
With OLGA the user decides, and later specifies in the input, whether the simulation is to start from a user defined condition (for instance a specific shut-in condition), or from a steady state multiphase flowing situation calculated by the program. The steady state pre-processor in OLGA can be used to provide good initial values for most production situation.
In addition, the user may specify the initial condition in detail, for example for a shut-in system, by defining the initial values for pressures, temperatures, mass flow and gas fractions. Tools for interpolation are available, for filling in the initial values in all numerical sections of the system.
Finally, the restart capability may be used to start a simulation from conditions saved during a previous simulation.
Boundary Conditions
The boundary conditions define the interface between the simulated system and its surroundings and they are crucial to the relevance to any type of simulations. For a network of pipelines and wells there are several options available, but basically flow rate or pressure, in addition to temperature and gas-liquid ratio must be specified at each flow path inlet and outlet boundary (at least one pressure must be given).
The boundary conditions, e.g. a pressure, can be given as time series to model a certain transient situation.
The necessary fluid properties (gas/liquid mass fraction, densities, viscosities, enthalpies etc.) are normally assumed to be functions of temperature and pressure only, and have to be supplied by the user as tables in a special input file. Thus, the total composition of the multiphase mixture is assumed to be constant both in time and space for a given part of the network. The user may specify different fluid property tables for each flow path, but has to ensure that a realistic fluid composition has been used to make a table for a flow path with a fluid mixture coming from two or more pipeline branches merging upstream.
It is also possible to perform simulations using Compositional Tracking, where the basic information on the chemical components is provided in a separate text file and then OLGA calculates the fluid
properties internally with PVT routines provided by Calsep A/S. This means that the total composition may vary both in time and space, and that no special considerations are needed for the downstream system.
Special models are also available for tracking hydrate inhibitors like MEG and methanol.
The numerical solution of the OLGA model is generally able to handle multi component fluid systems but will normally have problems with single component systems or systems with a very narrow phase envelope.
Rheology
The standard OLGA flow models assume a Newtonian rheology (viscosities are well defined fluid characteristics).
Dispersions and non-Newtonian behavior are quite common in petroleum production and OLGA provides several semi-empirical models to account for more complex rheologies. In some cases the model takes care of the rheology with a minimum of user interference (e.g. for oil-water dispersions and also for waxy oils). For other systems the user needs to specify the various parameters for such fluids to describe e.g. Bingham or power law non-Newtonian behavior.
Network
In OLGA the network comprises flow paths coupled with nodes which have a volume. General networks with closed loops can then be modelled, see below. The flow paths have a user defined direction but the flow is invariant to direction as such and any fluid phase may flow co-currently or counter-currently with respect to the pre-defined direction at any time and position.
Pipe-bends are not accounted for as such (except for differences in static head). The user may apply pressure loss coefficients at boundaries between numerical sections.
Equipment is positioned on the flow path – usually on a pipe-boundary. However, the separator in OLGA is a network component similar to a node.
Controllers are specified as integral parts of the simulation model and they have their own network formalism.
quad-core CPU, typically four threads will be simultaneously running to update four sections in parallel. Is your CPU a single-core Intel Xeon processor with "hyper-threading" (HT), probably two engine threads will be used. It is possible to overrule the choice of the operating system by setting the environment variable OMP_NUM_THREADS; use Windows' Control Panel to do this. However, the preferred way to change the degree of parallelisation is do so from the OLGA menu system. Setting the value here takes precedence over the OMP_NUM_THREADS environment variable.
A situation where you might want to reduce the number of threads, arise if you execute parametric studies. Given that your license permits, it would be preferable to spend the CPU's cores on simultaneous simulations, rather than on speeding up each simulation in the study. Another situation could be when you don't want OLGA to consume all your computing power, e.g., if you want to write a report while OLGA is working.
Most large cases will benefit from the parallelisation. Still, please note that some of your PC's cache memory will be used for forking and joining the threads, and doing the necessary book-keeping. As a consequence, special cases will run faster with a single engine thread.
Parallel speed-up
The parallelisation encompasses heat calculations in section walls, updating fluid properties and flashing, and, most importantly, calls to the flow model which decides friction factors, liquid holdup and the flow regime. If the flow model calculations dominate the overall simulation, the utilization of the CPUs is most efficient.
Monitoring the OLGA process
The Task Manager can be used to check how OLGA loads your CPU. When the number of engine threads equals the number of cores (or equals two on a single core HT-CPU) you should see the CPU usage being clearly over fifty percent when OLGA is simulating.
In the Task Manager's list of processes it is possible to view the number of threads for each process. With 1 engine thread, it uses a total of 5 threads in batch mode, and 8 threads while running under control of the GUI. With 2 engine threads allowed, the task manager would display 6 threads for a batch run and 9 threads for a GUI run; with 4 engine threads the total number of threads would be 8 and 11, respectively.
Applications
When the resources become more scarce and complicated to get to careful design and optimisation of the entire production system is vital for investments and revenues. The dimensions and layout of wells and pipelines must be optimised for variable operational windows defined by changing reservoir properties and limitations given by environment and processing facilities.
OLGA is being used for design and engineering, mapping of operational limits and to establish operational procedures. OLGA is also used for safety analysis to assess the consequences of equipment malfunctions and operational failures.
REFERENCES contains a list of papers describing the OLGA model and its applications.
Design and Engineering
OLGA is a powerful instrument for the design engineer when considering different concepts for hydrocarbon production and transport - whether it is new developments or modifications of existing installations.
OLGA should be used in the various design phases i.e. Conceptual, FEED [2] and detailed design and the following issues should be addressed:
• Design
Sizes of tubing and pipes Insulation and coverage Inhibitors for hydrate / wax
Liquid inventory management / pigging Slug mitigation
Processing capacity (Integrated simulation)
• Focus on maximizing the production window during field life Initial
Mid-life Tail
• Accuracy / Uncertainty management Input accuracy
Parameter sensitivity
• Risk and Safety
Normally the engineering challenge becomes more severe when accounting for tail-end production with reduced pressure, increasing water-cut and gas-oil ratio. This increase the slugging potential while fluid temperature reduces which in turn increase the need for inhibitors and the operational window is generally reduced.
When systems become more complex and critical e.g. with long and deep
Flow lines/risers, start-up situations need to be forecasted on a short-term basis and OLGA is regularly being used for assistance at start-up.
Some typical operational events suitable for OLGA simulations are discussed below.
Pipeline shut-down
If the flow in a pipeline for some reason has to be shut down, different procedures may be investigated. The dynamics during the shut-down can be studied as well as the final conditions in the pipe. The liquid content is of interest as well as the temperature evolution in the fluid at rest since the walls may cool the fluid below a critical temperature where hydrates may start to form.
Pipeline blow-down
One of the primary strategies for hydrate prevention in case of a pipeline shut-down is to blow down. The primary aim to reduce the pipeline pressure below the pressure where hydrates can form. Main effect that can be studied are the liquid and gas rates during the blow-down, the time required and the final pressure.
Pipeline start-up
The initial conditions of a pipeline to be started is either specified by the user or defined by a restart from a shut-down case. The start-up simulation can determine the evolution of any accumulated liquid slugs in the system. A start-up procedure is often sought whereby any terrain slugging is minimised or altogether avoided. The slug tracking module is very useful in this regard.
In a network case a strategy for the start-up procedure of several merging flow lines could be particularly important.
Change in production
Sometimes the production level or type of fluid will change during the lifetime of a reservoir. The modification of the liquid properties due to the presence of water, is one of the important effects accounted for in OLGA.
A controlled change in the production rate or an injection of another fluid are important cases to be simulated. Of particular interest is the dynamics of network interactions e.g. how the transport line operation is affected by flow rate changes in one of several merging flow lines.
Process equipment
Process equipment can be used to regulate or control the varying flow conditions in a multi-phase flow line. This is of special interest in cases where slugging is to be avoided.
The process equipment simulated in OLGA includes critical- and sub-critical chokes with fixed or
exchangers, pumps and mass sources and sinks.
Pipeline pigging
OLGA can simulate the pigging of a pipeline. A user specified pig may be inserted in the pipeline in OLGA at any time and place. Any liquid slugs that are created by the pig along the pipeline can be followed in time. Of special interest is the determination of the size and velocity of a liquid slug leaving the system ahead of a pig that has been inserted into a shut-down flow line.
Hydrate control
Hydrate prevention and control are important for flow assurance. Passive and active control strategies can be investigated: Passive control is mainly achieved by proper insulation while there are several options for active control which can be simulated with OLGA: Bundles, electrical heating, inhibition by additives like MEG.
Wax deposition
In many production systems wax would tend to deposit on the pipe wall during production. The wax deposition depends on the fluid composition and temperature. OLGA can model wax deposition as function of time and location along the pipeline.
Tuning
Even if the OLGA models are sophisticated models made for conceptual studies and engineering will be based on input and assumptions which are not 100% relevant for operations. Therefore OLGA is equipped with a tuning module which can be used on-line and off-line to modify input parameters and also critical model parameters to match field data.
Wells
- Flow stability e.g. permanent or temporary slugging, rate changes - Artificial lift for production optimization
- Shut-in/start-up - water cut limit for natural flow - Cross flow between layers under static conditions - WAG injection
- Horizontal wells / Smart wells - Well Clean-up and Kick-off - Well Testing
- Well control and Work-over Solutions
Safety Analysis
Safety analysis is an important field of application of OLGA. OLGA is capable of describing propagation of pressure fronts. For such cases the time step can be limited by the velocity of sound across the shortest pipe section.
OLGA may be useful for safety analysis in the design phase of a pipeline project, such as the positioning of valves, regulation equipment, measuring devices, etc. Critical ranges in pipe monitoring equipment may be estimated and emergency procedures investigated.
Consequence analysis of possible accidents is another interesting application. The state of the pipeline after a specified pipe rupture or after a failure in any process equipment can be determined using OLGA.
Simulations with OLGA can also be of help when defining strategies for accident management, e.g. well killing by fluid injection.
Input files
The OLGA simulator uses text files for describing the simulation model:
.opi; generated and used by the OLGA GUI
.inp; input format used by OLGA 5 and earlier versions .key; input format used by OLGA
The .key format has been introduced as the new input file format for the OLGA engine. The OLGA GUI will automatically generate files in this format (with the extension .genkey). The .key format reflects the network model described in the simulation model and should be the preferred format.
In addition to the simulation file, OLGA handles input in several other formats as described in Data files.
Simulation description
The input keywords are organised in Logical sections, with Case level at the top, followed by the various network components and then the connections at the end.
Case level
Case level is defined as the global keywords specified outside of the network components and connections. Case level keywords can be found in the CaseDefinition, Library, FA-models and Output sections.
The following keywords must or can be defined at Case level:
CaseDefinition; CASE, FILES, INTEGRATION, OPTIONS, DTCONTROL, RESTART Library; MATERIAL, WALL, SHAPE, TABLE, DRILLINGFLUID, HYDRATECURVE
Compositional; COMPOPTIONS, FEED, BLACKOILOPTIONS, BLACKOILCOMPONENT,
BLACKOILFEED, SINGLEOPTIONS
FA-models; CORROSION, FLUID, WATEROPTIONS, SLUGTRACKING, TUNING, SLUGTUNING Output; OUTPUT, TREND, PROFILE, PLOT, OUTPUTDATA, TRENDDATA, PROFILEDATA Drilling; TOOLJOINT
CASE PROJECT="OLGA Manual", TITLE="Example case", AUTHOR="SPT Group AS" INTEGRATION STARTTIME=0, ENDTIME=7200, DTSTART=0.1, MINDT=0.1, MAXDT=5 FILES PVTFILE=fluid.tab
MATERIAL LABEL=MAT-1, DENSITY=0.785E+04, CAPACITY=0.5E+03, CONDUCTIVITY=0.5E+02
WALL LABEL=WALL-1, THICKNESS=(0.9000E-02, 0.2E-01), MATERIAL=(MAT-1, MAT-1)
Network components
The network components are the major building blocks in the simulation network.
Each network component is enclosed within start (NETWORKCOMPONENT) and end
(ENDNETWORKCOMPONENT) tags as shown below. Each data group belonging to this network component will be written within these tags.
NETWORKCOMPONENT TYPE=FlowPath, TAG=FP_BRAN ...
pipes in the flowpath. Each pipe can again be divided into sections as described above. All sections defined within the same pipe must have the same diameter and inclination. Each pipe in the system can also have a pipe wall consisting of layers of different materials.
The following keywords are used for Piping:
BRANCH; Defines geometry and fluid labels. GEOMETRY; Defines starting point for flowpath.
PIPE; Specifies end point or length and elevation of a pipe. Further discretization, diameter, inner
surface roughness, and wall name are specified.
POSITION; Defines a named position for reference in other keywords.
BRANCH LABEL=BRAN-1, GEOMETRY=GEOM-1, FLUID=1 GEOMETRY LABEL=GEOM-1
PIPE LABEL=PIPE-1, DIAMETER=0.12, ROUGHNESS=0.28E-04, NSEGMENT=4, LENGTH=0.4E+03, ELEVATION=0, WALL=WALL-1
Boundary&Initialconditions
For the solution of the flow equations, all relevant boundary conditions must be specified for all points in the system where mass flow into or out of the system. Initial conditions at start up and parameters used for calculating heat transfer must also be specified.
The following keywords are used for Boundary & Initial conditions:
HEATTRANSFER; Definition of the heat transfer parameters.
INITIALCONDITION; Defines initial values for flow, pressure, temperature and holdup.
INITIALCONDITIONS is not required when a steady state calculation is performed.
NEARWELLSOURCE; Defines a near-wellbore source used together with OLGA Rocx.
SOURCE; Defines a mass source with name, position, and data necessary for calculating the mass
flow into or out of the system. The source flow can be given by a time series or determined by a controller.
WELL; Defines a well with name, position and flow characteristics.
HEATTRANSFER PIPE=ALL, HAMBIENT=6.5, TAMBIENT=6, HMININNERWALL=0.5E+03 SOURCE LABEL=SOUR-1-1, PIPE=1, SECTION=1, TIME=0, TEMPERATURE=62,
GASFRACTION=-1, TOTALWATERFRACTION=-1, PRESSURE=70 bara, DIAMETER=0.12, SOURCETYPE=PRESSUREDRIVEN
Process Equipment
In order to obtain a realistic simulation of a pipeline system, it is normally required to include some process equipment in the simulation. OLGA supports a broad range of different types of process equipment, as shown below.
It should be noted that the steady state preprocessor ignores the process equipment marked with (*) in the list below.
the list below.
The following keywords are used for Process equipment:
CHECKVALVE (*); Defines name, position and allowed flow direction for a check valve. COMPRESSOR (*); Defines name, position and operating characteristics of a compressor. HEATEXCHANGER; Defines name, position and characteristic data for a heat exchanger. LOSS; Defines name, position and values for local pressure loss coefficients.
LEAK; Defines the position of a leak in the system with leak area and back pressure. The leak can
also be connected to another flowpath to simulate gas lift etc.
PUMP (*); Defines name, type and characteristic data for a pump. TRANSMITTER (*); Defines a transmitter position.
VALVE; Defines name, position and characteristic data for a choke or a valve.
VALVE LABEL=CHOKE-1-1, PIPE=PIPE-1, SECTIONBOUNDARY=4, DIAMETER=0.12, CD=0.7, TIME=0, OPENING=1.0
Output
OLGA provides several output methods for plotting simulation results.
The following keywords are used for Output:
OUTPUT(DATA); Defines variable names, position and time for printed output.
PLOT; Defines variable names and time intervals for writing of data to the OLGA viewer file. PROFILE(DATA); Defines variable names and time intervals for writing of data to the profile plot
file.
TREND(DATA); Defines variable names and time intervals for writing of data to the trend plot file.
TRENDDATA PIPE=1, SECTION=1, VARIABLE=(PT bara, TM, HOLHL, HOLWT) PROFILEDATA VARIABLE=(GT, GG, GL)
NODE
Boundary&Initialconditions
PARAMETERS; A collection keyword for all node keys. This keyword is hidden in the GUI. Output
OLGA provides several output methods for plotting simulation results.
The following keywords are used for Output:
OUTPUTDATA; Defines variable names, position and time for printed output.
TRENDDATA; Defines variable names and time intervals for writing of data to the trend plot file.
NETWORKCOMPONENT TYPE=Node, TAG=NODE_INLET PARAMETERS LABEL=INLET, TYPE=CLOSED
ENDNETWORKCOMPONENT
NETWORKCOMPONENT TYPE=Node, TAG=NODE_OUTLET
PARAMETERS LABEL=OUTLET, GASFRACTION=-1, PRESSURE=50 bara, TEMPERATURE=32, TIME=0, TOTALWATERFRACTION=-1, TYPE=PRESSURE, FLUID=1
SEPARATOR
Boundary&Initialconditions
PARAMETERS; A collection keyword for all separator keys. This keyword is hidden in the GUI. Output
OLGA provides several output methods for plotting simulation results.
The following keywords are used for Output:
OUTPUTDATA; Defines variable names, position and time for printed output.
TRENDDATA; Defines variable names and time intervals for writing of data to the trend plot file.
CONTROLLER
Boundary&Initialconditions
PARAMETERS; A collection keyword for all controller keys. This keyword is hidden in the GUI. Output
OLGA provides several output methods for plotting simulation results.
The following keywords are used for Output:
OUTPUTDATA; Defines variable names, position and time for printed output.
TRENDDATA; Defines variable names and time intervals for writing of data to the trend plot file.
NETWORKCOMPONENT TYPE=ManualController, TAG=SetPoint-1
PARAMETERS SETPOINT=(2:0.1,2:0.2,0.3), TIME=(0,2000,2010,4000,4010) s, STROKETIME=0.0, MAXCHANGE=1.0
ENDNETWORKCOMPONENT
ANNULUS Initialconditions
PARAMETERS; A collection keyword for all annulus keys. This keyword is hidden in the GUI. AmbientConditions
AMBIENTDATA; A collection keyword for specifying the Annulus ambient conditions. AnnulusComponents
Output
PROFILEDATA; Defines variable names and time intervals for writing of data to the profile plot file. TRENDDATA; Defines variable names and time intervals for writing of data to the trend plot file.
FLUIDBUNDLE Initialconditions
PARAMETERS; A collection keyword for all fluid bundle keys. This keyword is hidden in the GUI. AmbientConditions
AMBIENTDATA; A collection keyword for specifying the fluid bundle ambient conditions. BundleComponents
COMPONENT; A component to place within the fluid bundle definition. Output
PROFILEDATA; Defines variable names and time intervals for writing of data to the profile plot file. TRENDDATA; Defines variable names and time intervals for writing of data to the trend plot file.
SOLIDBUNDLE Initialconditions
PARAMETERS; A collection keyword for all solid bundle keys. This keyword is hidden in the GUI. AmbientConditions
AMBIENTDATA; A collection keyword for specifying the solid bundle ambient conditions. BundleComponents
COMPONENT; A component to place within the solid bundle definition. Output
PROFILEDATA; Defines variable names and time intervals for writing of data to the profile plot file. TRENDDATA; Defines variable names and time intervals for writing of data to the trend plot file.
Connections
The CONNECTION keyword is used to couple network components, such as a node and a flowpath.
Each flowpath has an inlet and an outlet terminal that can be connected to a node terminal. Boundary nodes (i.e. CLOSED, MASSFLOW, PRESSURE) has one terminal, while internal nodes has an arbitrary number of terminals where flowpaths can be connected to.
CONNECTION TERMINALS = (FP_BRAN INLET, NODE_INLET FLOWTERM_1) CONNECTION TERMINALS = (FP_BRAN OUTLET, NODE_OUTLET FLOWTERM_1)
Separator and PhaseSplitNode has special handling of terminals.
The CONNECTION keyword is also used for coupling signal components.
NETWORKCOMPONENT TYPE=FlowPath, TAG=FP_BRAN BRANCH LABEL=BRAN-1, GEOMETRY=GEOM-1, FLUID=1 GEOMETRY LABEL=GEOM-1
PIPE LABEL=PIPE-1, DIAMETER=0.12, ROUGHNESS=0.28E-04, NSEGMENT=4, LENGTH=0.4E+03, ELEVATION=0, WALL=WALL-1
HEATTRANSFER PIPE=ALL, HAMBIENT=6.5, TAMBIENT=6, HMININNERWALL=0.5E+03 SOURCE LABEL=SOUR-1-1, PIPE=1, SECTION=1, TIME=0, TEMPERATURE=62,
GASFRACTION=-1, TOTALWATERFRACTION=-1, PRESSURE=70 bara, DIAMETER=0.12, SOURCETYPE=PRESSUREDRIVEN
VALVE LABEL=CHOKE-1-1, PIPE=PIPE-1, SECTIONBOUNDARY=4, DIAMETER=0.12, CD=0.7, TIME=0, OPENING=1.0
TRENDDATA PIPE=1, SECTION=1, VARIABLE=(PT bara, TM, HOLHL, HOLWT) PROFILEDATA VARIABLE=(GT, GG, GL)
ENDNETWORKCOMPONENT
NETWORKCOMPONENT TYPE=Node, TAG=NODE_INLET PARAMETERS LABEL=INLET, TYPE=CLOSED
ENDNETWORKCOMPONENT
NETWORKCOMPONENT TYPE=Node, TAG=NODE_OUTLET
PARAMETERS LABEL=OUTLET, GASFRACTION=-1, PRESSURE=50 bara, TEMPERATURE=32, TIME=0, TOTALWATERFRACTION=-1, TYPE=PRESSURE, FLUID=1
ENDNETWORKCOMPONENT
NETWORKCOMPONENT TYPE=ManualController, TAG=SetPoint-1
PARAMETERS SETPOINT=(2:0.1,2:0.2,0.3), TIME=(0,2000,2010,4000,4010) s, STROKETIME=0.0, MAXCHANGE=1.0
ENDNETWORKCOMPONENT
CONNECTION TERMINALS = (FP_BRAN INLET, NODE_INLET FLOWTERM_1) CONNECTION TERMINALS = (FP_BRAN OUTLET, NODE_OUTLET FLOWTERM_1)
CONNECTION TERMINALS = (FP_BRAN SOUR-1-1@INPSIG, SETPOINT-1 OUTSIG_1) ENDCASE
Simulation model
An OLGA simulation is controlled by defining a set of data groups consisting of a keyword followed by a list of keys with appropriate values. Each data group can be seen as either a simulation object, information object, or administration object.
Logical sections
The different keywords are divided into logical sections:
· CaseDefinition; administration objects for simulation control
· Library; information objects referenced in one or more simulation objects · Controller; controller simulation objects
· FlowComponent; network simulation objects
· Boundary&InitialConditions; simulation objects for flow in and out of flowpath · ProcessEquipment; simulation objects for flow manipulation
· ThermalComponent; thermal simulation objects
· FA-models; administration objects for flow assurance models
· Compositional; administration and information objects for component tracking · Output; administration objects for output generation
· Drilling; drilling simulation object
· OLGA Well; OLGA Well simulation object
Network model
A simulation model is then created by combining several simulation objects to form a simulation network, where information objects can be used within the simulation objects and the administration objects control various parts of the simulation. The simulation objects can again reference both information and
administration objects.
The network objects can be of the following types:
· Flowpath; the pipeline which the fluid mix flows through
· Node; a boundary condition or connection point for 2 or more flowpaths · Separator; a special node model that can separate the fluid into single phases
· Controller; objects that perform supervision and automatic adjustments of other parts of the simulation network
· Thermal; objects for ambient heat conditions
The simulation model can handle a network of diverging and converging flowpaths. Each flow path consists of a sequence of pipes and each pipe is divided into sections (i.e. control volumes). These sections correspond to the spatial mesh discretization in the numerical model. The staggered spatial mesh applies flow variables (e.g. velocity, mass flow, flux) at section boundaries and volume variables (e.g. pressure, temperature, mass, volume fractions) as average values in the middle of the section. The figure below shows a flow path divided into 5 sections.
Each flowpath must start and end at a node, and there are currently three different kinds of nodes available:
The flowpath is the main component in the simulation network, and can also contain other simulation objects (e.g. process equipment, not shown in the figure above).
Introduction
With OLGA 5 a new graphical user interface (GUI) was introduced that replaced the OLGA 2000 GUI. OLGA 6 uses the same GUI as OLGA 5 with some additional features.
The main new features in the OLGA 6 GUI are:
Plot configurations (variables, colours, etc) may be saved as templates for easy recreation of plots
Graphical configuration of signal network (controllers) New graphical configuration of Bundles
New utility for running cases in batch (without having to start the GUI)
The main new features of the OLGA 5 GUI compared with the OLGA 2000 GUI are:
Graphical configuration and visualization of complex networks with
Drag and drop Graphical copy paste
Automatic detection and classification of internal nodes Positive flow direction can be indicated on flow path Pressure boundary nodes are distinguished
Network coupling table with configuration capability
Design time verification of model and listing missing items
Errors are detected while the model is created Action buttons for missing items
GEOMETRY Editor with spreadsheet type input
Copy directly from Exce l
Both XY and Length-Elevation input are displayed. Automatic Sectioning without simplification
Direct access to simplification procedure with new angle distribution details Automatic inversion of pipe profiles which facilitates e.g. annular models
New Plotting Functions
Select variables from a complete list with descriptions Make your own standard sets of variables with units Within a graph - copy directly to and from Excel
Spreadsheet type input and visualization of input series New Parametric study function
New RESTART function Context sensitive help
New case
A new case is defined in one of the following ways:
· Select File/New/Case (you will be taken into a dialog to create a new project if not already done)
· Ctrl+N
· Click the New Case icon
Then, the window below appears:
Enter a case name (or use default), fill in location (or use default) and select template.
· OLGA Case File. This generates an empty case.
· OLGA Basic Case. This generates a complete basic case. Ready for simulation.
· OLGA Network case. This generates a complete basic case with an internal merge node.
· Ctrl+Shift+o
and open a file with extension .opp.
Open case
Select either of these:
· Select File/Open/Case
· Ctrl+o
· Click the Open Case icon
and open a file with extension .opi, .key or .inp.
Start page
When opening the OLGA graphical user interface the Start page will appear. The central window contains a list of recent projects and the date when they were last modified. A project can be opened by double clicking on the case name.
A new project can be started from the New Project button at the bottom of the screen.
See also
The Model View is used for navigation between the objects of the system. The objects are ordered hierarchically with a Project on top comprising one or more cases. A case contains Case Definitions, Libraries, Output, Network Connections and Network Components.
· Case Definitions describe information common to the whole system simulated.
· Network Components describe the properties of the flow network (currently either a node or a flow path).
· Libraries contain keywords that can be accessed globally (for instance Material and Wall).
· Output contains global output definitions, such as plotting intervals for trend, profile and output.
· FA-models contains input to flow assurance models.
· Compositional has input to the compositional model.
· Advanced thermal contains input to the FEMTherm and bundle models and input to annulus calculations.
When selecting an object in the project explorer, the object is made active and its properties may be edited in the ”Properties” view.
The model view contains input for all cases in the project. Switching between the different cases is done by clicking on the file name in model view.
See also
Component view
Simulation objects may be fetched from the ”Components” window by Drag&Drop onto the Graphical Editor. Only objects available at the network level presented are available. This means that e.g. process equipment can be introduced this way only when the Flowpath is open.
See also
bottom.
Values may be inserted by typing or by selecting one or several values presented by the interface.
The colours of the keys are the following meaning: Black : Key can be given but not required. Red : Key required.
Grey : Key can not be given.
Note that the colours will change as input is given. As an example: Two keys are mutually exclusive and one of them must be given. Both will then initially be red (required). When a value is given for one of the keys its colour will change to black (key is given and no more input required for that key) while the other key will turn grey (can not be given).
Some keywords have a special property page to make the process of entering data easier. These property pages can be accessed through the property editor button at the top bar of the property editor window.
See also
The central view in the figure above shows the Network view with its Graphical editor functions.
Zooming in and out is done by the mouse wheel.
Moving the mouse while the left mouse button is held down will move the layout within the window.
Pressing Q adjusts the graphical view to the frames. Holding Shift and pressing Q zooms out in steps.
Focus is shifted away from selected objects by pointing to the background while holding down the Shift key.
Nodes and flow lines are drawn schematically. Network components (Nodes and Flowpaths) can be dragged into this view from the ”Components” window. Sources, Pressure boundaries and Process equipment are visible and their properties may be entered or modified by selecting the object (left-click) and filling in their "Properties”. In the figure the properties of the NODE OUTLET are shown to the right.
The window above is the 2-dimensional Flowpath view which shows one Flowpath at the time. The functions for "moving" the graph are the same as for the Network view, see flowpath view for more details.
You can drag equipment to the canvas from the Process Equipment Components on the left. When e.g. a valve is dropped on the canvas it "attach" to the middle of the Flowpath as illustrated below. The actual position and other data for the valve can be entered in the Properties window for the Valve which now is in focus (to the right).
By entering the data e.g. the PIPE and SECTIONBOUNDARY the valve will take its specified position on the Flowpath.
Each graphic view has its own tab and if you click on the Case0-tab (see below) you get back to the Network view.
We shall show how you make a new Flowpath:
Start with dragging a Node from the Components window and drop it on the canvas, see above.
An alternative method for adding a Flowpath.
Select the Components window
Then do as illustrated below.
Connecting Nodes and Flowpaths can be done as follows:
· Point to the red dot at one end of a Flowpath (the red dot indicates that this end of the Flowpath is not connected).
· Hold down the right mouse button, initially pointing to the blue square that has appeared at the end of the Flowpath.
· Move the mouse pointer to the Node which the Flowpath should be connected to and release.
· Select connect from the pop-up box that appears. The dot at the end of the Flowpath turns green, indicating that a connection is established.
Alternatively:
· Right-click on the view background and select Network Connections.
· Select the "from-to" nodes for each Flowpath and click OK. The network should appear as specified.
Right-click within the blue square and move pointer towards NODE_0. Select Connect to and release mouse button.
Do the same with the other end of the Flowpath.
Disconnect a Flowpath from a Node by left-clicking on the Flowpath and then point to the green dot at the end of the Flowpath. Hold down the left mouse button while moving the end of the Flowpath away from the node and release. The dot at the end of the Flowpath should now be red, indicating that it is not connected.
Left-click on Flowpath, select green dot (left-click) and drag endpoint away from Node.
Right-click while pointing to an object in the Network view brings up various menus depending on the object:
- Add : Add items to the network object.
- Verify : Checks input file and reports errors and missing input in the output window. - Copy : Copy selected item.
- Paste : Past the copied item onto the currently selected item. - Delete : Delete selected object.
- Properties : Starts property editor for selected object. For a Flowpath this would be to Geometry Editor while for other items it would typically be a time series editor.
Text labels in the Network view (which reside in their separate text boxes) can be rotated and scaled in addition to moved (except those for Flowpaths). Move is the default edit mode.
You can either select the edit mode on the toolbar
or you can type one of the following letters to change the edit mode for the selected text box.
s : Scale: (left-click in the triangle and drag
while keeping the mouse button down)
r : Rotate: (left-click in the sector and drag horizontally)
m : Move: (left-click in the square and drag)
You can add fixed points on a Flowpath by pressing Ctrl while double-clicking anywhere on it. A fixed point, indicated by a small square, appears on the Flowpath.
The fixed points can be moved to shape the Flowpath (this does not change the actual geometry of the Flowpath).
Copy as picture: A "Case.jpg" file with the Network view is copied to the folder where the project resides.
Network Connections: Opens the network overview/connection window
Network plot allows for a quasi-animated plotting of profiles in the Network view.
Configure: Allows for (re)configuration of e.g. colours and line interpolation.
3D View Changes to 3D view as described in Moving view in 3D .
Show directions Direction arrows are displayed on each Flowpath.
See also
showing the selected flow path only (including equipment). In the Flowpath view equipment may be added by drag and drop from the ”Components” window (the available components are now the ones that are located on a specific Flowpath).
Focus an object by a left mouse click to bring up the Property editor, and the properties of the object can be entered or modified.
Focus is shifted away from selected objects by pointing to the background while holding down the Shift key.
Zooming in and out is done by the mouse wheel and moving the mouse while the left mouse button is held down will move the layout within the window.
See also