argument claim evidence reason INSTRUCTIONAL VOCABULARY CARDS writing that supports a claim with reasons and evidence

(1)

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INSTRUCTIONAL VOCABULARY CARDS

Use these cards independently or with a partner to review the instructional terms introduced online.

reason

why the author makes the claim

claim

the main point of an author’s argument

!

argument

writing that supports a claim

with reasons and evidence

!

evidence

examples, facts, and expert

quotes that support the reason

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SKILL FOCUS

A

.

Read the terms in the box. Then, write each term next to its definition.

claim

reason

evidence

argument

1. examples, facts, and expert quotes that support the reason

2. writing that supports a claim with reasons and evidence

3. why the author makes the claim

4. the main point of an author’s argument

B

.

Read each sentence. Circle True or False.

1. An argument tells a story.

True / False

2. A claim is the main point of an author’s argument.

True / False

3. Authors use reasons to show why they are making a claim.

True / False

4. Examples, facts, and expert quotes are types of evidence.

True / False

C

.

Circle the correct answer to complete each sentence.

1. Authors write arguments to convince readers to ( agree / disagree ) with their viewpoint.

2. A claim is a ( specific detail / main point ) of an author’s argument.

3. Reasons and ( evidence / claims ) support claims.

(3)

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SKILL FOCUS

D

.

Use the terms and definitions in Part A to complete the missing parts of the organiser.

ARGUMENT

!

C

: the main point of an author’s argument

R

: why the author makes the claim

EVIDENCE: examples, f

, and expert q

_{that support the reason}

E

.

Read each sentence. Decide whether the sentence could be used as a claim, reason, or evidence in an argument.

Circle your answer.

Set 1

1. Dogs are much better pets than cats.

evidence / claim

2. One reason is that dogs can help keep people active.

reason / claim

3. For example, you can take a dog on a walk, run, or hike.

These are not things people bring cats outside to do.

evidence / reason

Set 2

1. Cats are far better pets than dogs.

evidence / claim

2. Cats cost less to own.

reason / claim

3. Cats don’t need as many things like toys, crates, and classes. They also eat

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TEXT

Read the argument Adopt an Adult Dog. Then, complete the activities.

Adopt an Adult Dog

Do you want a pet dog? Help one of the many dogs in need by

adopting an older dog from an animal shelter. An adult dog can

be a better choice than a puppy since they are easier to plan for.

You’ll know how big the dog will be. You’ll be able to tell how shy,

friendly, or active it is. Also, an adult dog is easier to care for. Many

older dogs in shelters are already trained. This means they come

when called and you’ll have fewer accidents in the house! Last,

there are so many dogs in shelters that need homes! The American

Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) works to

protect pets. The ASPCA says that more than 3 million dogs are

placed in shelters every year. Adopt an adult dog. Give it freedom

and a family to love.

(5)

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SKILL APPLICATION

A

.

Complete the missing parts of the organiser using the text.

ARGUMENT

!

CLAIM: You should

.

REASON: Adult dogs are easier

to

_for.

REASON: Adult dogs are easier

to

_for.

REASON: There are many

dogs in shelters that need

.

EVIDENCE: You’ll know how

the dog will

be.

You’ll be able to tell how shy,

friendly, or

the dog is.

EVIDENCE: Many dogs in shelters

are already

.

EVIDENCE: According

to the ASPCA, more than

million

dogs are put in shelters each year.

B

.

Answer the questions using information from the text and organiser.

1. Circle the correct answer. The author’s purpose is to convince the reader to

a. adopt a puppy from a shelter.

b. adopt an adult dog from a shelter.

2. According to the text, why is it easier to get an adult dog? Circle the 2 correct answers from the

choices below.

a.

You’ll know what the dog’s favorite toys are.

b. Adult dogs are easier to care for.

c. You’ll have an easier time planning for the dog.

d. Adult dogs are more playful.

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SKILL APPLICATION

3. What is the author’s third reason for adopting an adult dog?

4. Why do you think the author included this fact?

The ASPCA says that more than 3 million dogs are placed in shelters every year.

5. Why do you think the author included the 2 sentences at the end of the text? Circle your answer

below.

Adopt an adult dog. Give it freedom and a family to love.

a. To add a new piece of evidence to the argument

b. To conclude and remind the reader of the claim

c. To ask the reader a question

★

Write a short argument about why students should or should not be allowed to chew gum in class. Include 1 claim,

2 reasons, and 2 pieces of evidence for each reason. Use an approved search engine to find strong evidence for

your argument.

(7)

ANSWER KEY

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page 1 C ompr ehension Level 10: Ar gument Na me : L

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INS

TRUC

TIONAL

V

OC

ABULAR

Y C

ARDS

U se t h es e c ar d s i n d ep en d en tl y o r w it h a p ar tn er t o r ev ie w t h e i n st ru ct io n al t er m s i n tr o d u ce d o n lin e.

reason

why the author makes the claim

claim

the main point of an author’s argument

!

argument

writing that supports a claim

with reasons and evidence

!

evidence

examples, facts, and expert

quotes that support the reason

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SKILL

FOCUS

A . R ea d t h e t er m s i n t h e b o x. T h en , w ri te e ac h t er m n ex t t o i ts d e fi n it io n . cl aim re as on e vi denc e ar gu m en t 1. ex am p le s, f ac ts , a nd e xp er t q uo te s t ha t s up p o rt t he r ea so n 2. w ri tin g t ha t s up p o rt s a c la im w ith r ea so ns a nd e vi d en ce 3. w hy t he a ut ho r m ak es t he c la im 4. th e m ai n p o in t o f a n a ut ho r’s a rg um en t B . R ea d e ac h s en te n ce . C ir cl e Tr u e o r Fa ls e. 1. A n ar g um en t te lls a s to ry . Tr u e / F al se 2. A cl ai m i s t h e m ai n p oi n t of an a u th o r’ s ar g u m e n t. Tr u e / F al se 3. A u th o rs u se re as ons t o s h o w w h y t h e y ar e m ak in g a c lai m . Tr u e / F al se 4. E xam p le s, f ac ts , an d e xp e rt q u o te s ar e t yp e s of evi den ce . Tr u e / F al se C . C ir cl e t h e c o rr ec t a n sw er t o c o m p le te e ac h s en te n ce . 1. A u th o rs w ri te ar g u m e n ts t o c o n vi n ce r e ad e rs t o ( a g re e / di sa g re e ) w it h t h e ir v ie w p oi n t. 2. A c lai m i s a ( sp ec ifi c d et ail / ma in p oin t ) of an a u th o r’ s ar g u m e n t. 3. R e as o n s an d ( e vi d en ce / c la ims ) s u p p o rt c lai m s. 4. A n ar g u m e n t i s ( w eak / s tro n g ) i f i t i s m is si n g a c lai m . evi de nc e ar gum en t re as on clai m

(8)

ANSWER KEY

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TEXT

Rea d t h e a rg u m en t A d o p t a n A d u lt D o g . T h en , c o m p le te t h e a ct iv it ie s. A d o p t a n A d ul t D og D o y o u w an t a p et d o g? H el p o ne o f t he m an y d o g s i n n ee d b y ad o p tin g a n o ld er d o g f ro m a n a ni m al s he lte r. A n a d ul t d o g c an b e a b et te r c ho ic e t ha n a p up p y s in ce t he y a re e as ie r t o p la n f o r. Yo u’ ll k no w h ow b ig t he d o g w ill b e. Y o u’ ll b e a b le t o t el l h ow s hy , fr ie nd ly , o r a ct iv e i t i s. A ls o, a n a d ul t d o g i s e as ie r t o c ar e f o r. M an y o ld er d o g s i n s he lte rs a re a lr ea d y t ra in ed . T hi s m ea ns t he y c o m e w he n c al le d a nd y o u’ ll h av e f ewe r a cc id en ts i n t he h o us e! L as t, th er e a re s o m an y d o g s i n s he lte rs t ha t n ee d h o m es ! T he A m er ic an So ci et y f o r t he P re ve nt io n o f C ru el ty t o A ni m al s ( A SP C A ) wo rk s t o p ro te ct p et s. T he A SP C A s ay s t ha t m o re t ha n 3 m ill io n d o g s a re p la ce d i n s he lte rs e ve ry y ea r. A d o p t a n a d ul t d o g . G iv e i t f re ed o m an d a f am ily t o l ov e. page 3 C ompr ehension Level 10: Ar gument Na me : L

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D . U se t h e t er m s a n d d e fi n it io n s i n P ar t A t o c o m p le te t h e m is si n g p ar ts o f t h e o rg an is er . A R G U M EN T

!

C : th e m ai n p o in t o f a n a ut ho r’s a rg um en t R : w hy t he a ut ho r m ak es t he c la im E V ID E NCE : ex am p le s, f , a nd e xp er t q th at s up p o rt t he r ea so n E . R ea d e ac h s en te n ce . D ec id e w h e th er t h e s en te n ce c o u ld b e u se d a s a cla im , r ea so n, o r ev id en ce in a n a rg u m en t. C ir cl e yo u r a n sw er . S et 1

1. D o g s ar e m u ch b e tt e r p e ts t han c at s. e vi d e n ce / c lai m 2. O n e r e as o n i s t ha t d o g s c an h e lp k e e p p e o p le a ct iv e . re as o n / c lai m 3. F o r e xam p le , y o u c an t ak e a d o g o n a w al k, r u n , o r h ik e . T h e se ar e n o t t h in g s p e o p le b ri n g c at s o u ts id e t o d o . e vi d e n ce / r e as o n S et 2

1. C at s ar e f ar b e tt e r p e ts t han d o g s. e vi d e n ce / c lai m 2. C at s c o st l e ss t o o w n . re as o n / c lai m 3. C at s d o n ’t n e e d a s m an y t h in g s l ik e t o ys , c ra te s, an d c la ss e s. T h e y a ls o e at m u ch l e ss f o o d t han d o g s d o . e vi d e n ce / r e as o n lai m eas on ac ts uo te s

(9)

ANSWER KEY

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SKILL

APPLIC

A

TION

3. W ha t i s t h e a u th o r’ s t h ir d r e as o n f o r a d o p ti n g an a d u lt d o g ? 4. W h y d o y o u t h in k t h e a u th o r i n cl u d e d t h is f ac t? Th e A SP C A s ay s t ha t m o re t ha n 3 m ill io n d o g s a re p la ce d i n s he lte rs e ve ry y ea r. 5. W h y d o y o u t h in k t h e a u th o r i n cl u d e d t h e 2 s e n te n ce s a t t h e e n d of t h e t e xt ? C irc le y o u r an sw e r b e lo w. A d o p t a n a d ul t d o g . G iv e i t f re ed o m a nd a f am ily t o l ov e. a. T o a d d a n e w pi e ce of e vi d e n ce t o t h e ar g u m e n t b . T o c o n cl u d e an d r e m in d t h e r e ad e r of t h e c lai m c. T o a sk t h e r e ad e r a q u e st io n ★ W rite a shor t ar

gument about why students should or should not be allowed to chew gum in class.

Include 1 claim, 2 r easons, and 2 pieces of evidence for e ach r eason. Use an appr oved se ar ch engine to find str

ong evidence for

your ar gument. Th er e a re m an y d og s i n n ee d o f h om es . Th e a ut ho r i ncl ud ed t his f ac t a s e vid en ce t o s up po rt t he r ea so n t ha t d og s s ho uld b e a do pt ed b e-ca us e s o m an y i n s he lte rs n ee d h om es . page 5 C ompr ehension Level 10: Ar gument Na me : L

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SKILL

APPLIC

A

TION

A . C o m p le te t h e m is si n g p ar ts o f t h e o rg an is er u si n g t h e t ex t. A R G U M EN T

!

C LA IM: Y o u s ho ul d . R E A SO N : A d ul t d o g s a re e as ie r to fo r. RE A SON : A d ul t d o g s a re e as ie r to f o r. RE A SON : T he re a re m an y d o g s i n s he lte rs t ha t n ee d . E V IDE N C E: Y o u’ ll k no w h ow t he d o g w ill b e. _You’ll b e a b le t o t el l h ow s hy , fr ie nd ly , o r th e d o g i s. E V IDE N C E: M an y d o g s i n s he lte rs ar e a lr ea d y . E V IDE N C E: A cco rdi ng to t he A SP C A , m o re t ha n m ill io n d o g s a re p ut i n s he lte rs e ac h y ea r. B . A n sw er t h e q u es ti o n s u si n g i n fo rm at io n f ro m t h e t ex t a n d o rg an is er . 1. C irc le t h e c o rr e ct an sw e r. T h e a u th o r’ s p u rp o se i s t o c o n vi n ce t h e r e ad e r t o a. a d o p t a p u p p y f ro m a s h e lt e r. b . a d o p t an a d u lt d o g f ro m a s h e lt e r. 2. A cc o rd in g t o t h e t e xt , w h y i s i t e as ie r t o g e t an a d u lt d o g ? C irc le t h e 2 c o rr e ct an sw e rs f ro m t h e ch oi ce s b e lo w . a. Yo u ’l l k n o w w ha t t h e d o g ’s f av o ri te t o ys ar e . b. A d u lt d o g s ar e e as ie r t o c ar e f o r. c. Y o u ’l l ha ve an e as ie r t im e p lan n in g f o r t h e d o g . d . A d u lt d o g s ar e m o re p la y fu l. co nt in ue d o n n ex t p ag e ad op t a n a du lt d og f ro m a s he lte r pla n big ac ti ve tra in ed 3 ca re ho m es