Evolving Information and Communication Technologies

(1)

Politecnico

di Milano

Evolving

Information and Communication

Technologies

Maurizio Dècina

Politecnico di Milano e

Fondazione ASPHI onlus

HANDImatica 2006

ACCESSIBILITA’ MISURA DI CIVILTA’

Bologna, 1 Dicembre 2006

(2)

Mobile Landscape: Graz in Real Time

http://senseable.mit.edu/projects/graz/graz.htm

The Power of Exponential Growth

(3)

The Moore

(4)

Mobile ICT Terminals

Interactivity

Mobility

Real

Time

PC,

Internet

Television

Mobile

Phone

Telephone

(5)

Wireless Communications

MobileFi

802.20

802.20 UMTS

UMTS

10 kbit/s

100 kbit/s

1 Mbit/s

10 Mbit/s

100 Mbit/s

UltraWideBand

802.15.3

802.15.3 Bluetooth

Bluetooth

802.15.1

802.15.1 1 Gbit/s

1 Gbit/s

ZigBee

802.15.4

802.15.4 EDGE

EDGE

GPRS

GSM

1 kbit/s

CABLE

REPLACEMENT

HOME, OFFICE

PUBLIC ACCESS

CITY,

SUBURBS

COUNTRY,

REGION

WIDE

Ra

ng

e

Ra

ng

e

Bit Rate

ED

WPAN

WLAN

WMAN

WAN

Wi-Fi

802.11b

802.11a/g/n

WiMAX

802.16a/e

LI

M

IT

ED

LI

M

IT

ED

FU

LL

FU

LL

M

ob

ilit

y

M

ob

ilit

y

LTE

HSPA

(6)

Pervasive and Ubiquitous

Computing

Small, lightweight, cheap,

mobile processors

in almost all everyday

objects („embedded

computing“)

on human body

(„wearable computing“)

embedded in the

environment („ambient

intelligence“)

A world of “smart objects”

Smart objects

Can remember pertinent

events

they have memory

Show context-sensitive

behavior

they have sensors

Are responsive

they communicate with

their environment

they are networked with

other smart objects

(7)

Sensors



(8)

Weareable Computing

SUBSTRATE

INTERCONNECTIONS

Tröster

et al., 2003

LOCAL NETWORK

(9)

Body Area Network

(10)

ZigBee Ad Hoc Networking

•Tousands of nodes

•2-year life battery

•1-2 US $ target price

(11)

Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks Architectures

Gateway node

“Flat” mesh network

with ad-hoc routing

End-user radios

(with routing capability)

Wired Internet Infrastructure

BTS BTS AP

Forwarding node

End-user radios

(no routing capability)

Multi-tiered Interfaces

to wired network

Wide Area

Cell

3G cell

Hierarchical architecture

with radio forwarding nodes and AP’s/BS’s

Ad-hoc associations

Ad-hoc associations

Microcell

Forwarding Node Extended Coverage

Wired Internet Infrastructure

(12)

Cognitive Radio

According to Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)

the cognitive radio is a radio transmitter/receiver that is designed to

intelligently detect whether a particular segment of the radio spectrum is

currently in use, and to jump into (or out of) the temporarily-unused

spectrum very rapidly, without interfering with the transmissions of other

users

(13)

Wireless Sensor Network Architecture

Internet (IP Routing)

Servers

User interfaces for

information & control

Ad-Hoc Sensor Net A

Ad-Hoc Sensor Net B

Sensor net/IP GW

_GW

AP/BTS

Pervasive

Application

Agents

Relay Node

Virtualized Physical World

Object or Event

Sensor/

Actuator

Overlay Pervasive Network

Services

(14)

Networking at Multiple Layers

(15)

Telecom Italia Next Generation Network

Larghissima banda

Larga banda

Optical Packet Backbone AGW DSLAM (~ 8.000) HSPA/UMTS/DVB-H (~ 1Mbit/s) ADSL2+ ( _˜10Mbit/s) // MSC.SxGSN RNC-UNC DPI BRAS PE

AGW OpticalPacket Metro VDSL2 (_˜50 Mbit/s) // ONU (_˜100.000) GPON LTE/WIMAX/DVB-H (~ 10 Mbit/s) Multiservice Edge Node (POP) APPL. SOA UTILITY COMPUTING MSG COLLAB MS MSG B2B+C ICT Services Platform Personal Communication Platform MSG IMS Video VoIP HSS DIR. MSG P2P Multimedia Platform DVB-H CONTENT ENGINE IPTV WEB

Music Video Games

C2P RAN CN BBAN Edge Storage BSS - OSS Platform Data Warehouse Service Assurance Work Force Management Billing Traffic & Usage Network Neutral EM Credit Management Network Management Network Data Base CRM Service Delivery Customer Data Base

Net – Centric Data Center (NDC) OLT - GbE sedi FTTH (˜ 1 Gbit/s) ONT₍FTTB/VDSL2 ˜ 100 Mbit/s) WiMax PR

(16)

Overlay Networks

Grid Networks

Content Delivery Networks

Peer-to-Peer Networks

Active Networks: XML Routing

(17)

Skype

Networking Architecture

Super Nodes

- They are established after

acceptance test by Skype

-They have public IP address

-

They offer storage, processing

& bandwidth

-

Each Serves 100s Peer Nodes

-

They route encrypted calls

-

They execute “NAT” of private IP

addresses

-

They exploit p2p protocol

Peer

Peer Peer Peer

Peer

Peer _Peer Peer

Peer Super Node Super Node Super

Node SuperNode Login

Server

PSTN GW PSTN/PLMN

(18)

SkypeNet

Supernode

Map

The Power of a 2-level Hierarchy

(19)

YouTube

(20)

The Service Interoperability Gap

(21)

Semantic Web Services (SWS)

& Intelligent Web Agents

WWW

(HTML, HTTP, URI, …)

Semantic Web

(RDF, RDFS, OWL, …)

Web Services

(WSDL, SOAP, UDDI, …)

SWS,

Intelligent Web

Agent

(22)

Social, Cognitive and Knowledge Networks

Social Networks

Its not what you know, its

who

you know

Cognitive Social Networks

Its not

who

you know, its

who they think

you know

Knowledge Networks

Its not

who

you know, its

what they think

you know

Cognitive Knowledge Networks

(23)

Learning

in the

Age

of

Information

KNOWLEDGE

(24)

ICT Service Convergence

(25)

Converged

ICT Business Framework

USER

TRANSPORT

ACCESS

NSP

MNG

ASP

VOICE

DATA

IT

TRANSPORT

ACCESS

CREATION STORAGE DELIVERY

DATA

VOICE

IT

NSP

MNG

ASP

Content

TV SET 25G, 3G, WiFi, Dual mode, SIP terminal PBX POTS PC

Devices

N

et

w

or

k

S

er

vi

ce

Pr

ov

is

io

ni

ng

A

pp

lic

at

io

ns

NOT CONVERGED

CONVERGED

USER EXPERIENCE

PS/SI

Professional Services/System Integration

Networked /Managed/Outsourced Services

DVB-H PDA

(26)

Digital Rights Management Scenario

Content Package Provider

License Server

Identities

Rights &

Policies

Encryption

Keys

Content

DRM

Packager

DRM

License

Provide

r

DRM

Controller

Encryption

Metadata

Encryption

Rights

License

Content Package

Content

Keys

Identity

Rendering

Application

Client

(27)

Hard and Soft Biometrics for Authentication and

Profiling

Client Profiling

Age, Age Slot

Sex

Gender

Ethnicity

Skin Color

Hair Color

Eye Color

Humor (happy, surprised, angry,

...)

Height

Weight

Hair Lenght

Beard

Glasses

...

Source: Jain,

(28)

IC

M

T & World/

Chindia

Business Convergence

Telco

’

s

Media Co

’

s

Internet Co

’

s

ESPN

Comcast

BBC

CNN

Google

eBay

Amazon

MSN

Skype

Telecom Italia

BT

Vodafone

Vonage

News Corp.

Yahoo

!

AOL

Time Warner

BellSouth

Telefonica

Deutsche Telecom

Disney

China Co

’

s

China Telecom

China Netcom

China Mobile

Baidu

Sougou

China Unicom

Verizon-MCI-SBC-AT&T

France Telecom

India Co

’

s

Sprint

YouTube

RAI

Mediaset

(29)

TERMINALS

Nokia Motorola Samsung

Terminal

Co

’

s

VOICE & DATAVOICE & DATA

ICT SERVICES ICT SERVICES IT SERVICES IT SERVICES TelecomItalia TelecomItalia BT BT FT FT Telefonica Telefonica Qwest Qwest Verizon Verizon BellSouth BellSouth

Telco

’

s

System

Integrators

DT DT T-SYSTEMS T-SYSTEMS EDS EDS HP HP IBM IBM Accenture

Accenture

Vendors

Alcatel Alcatel Ericsson Ericsson Cisco Cisco Avaya Avaya VOICE & DATAVOICE & DATA

VOIP & TRIPLE PLAYVOIP & TRIPLE PLAY

Telco

’

s

Media

Co

’

s

_Internet

_Co

_’

_s

ESPN ESPN

Comcast

BBC BBC CNN CNN Google Google eBay eBay Amazon Amazon MSN MSN Skype Skype TelecomItalia TelecomItalia BT BT FT FT Vodafone Vodafone H3GH3G Vonage Vonage Sky Sky Yahoo Yahoo!! AOL AOL TimeWarner TimeWarner Qwest