Nick Kubarych
March 4, 2014
MSRE 517
Dr. Miller
HVAC
HEATING VENTILATION
AIR-CONDITIONING
1) Components
2) Functionalities
3) Benefits
4) Inefficiency Costs
5) Improved Efficiencies
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Photos: Chiller (top) Iron Horse Mechanical, Boiler (bottom) Chamberline Home & Building Services Inc.
Air Intake
Heating Element
Cooling Element
Transport & Delivery
Exhaust Output
BASIC COMPONENTS
Source: ClimateTech Photo: Allhvacinfo.com
Reduction of energy costs
Improved Air Quality
resulting in greater
productivity
Reduced exposure to
respiratory and common
illnesses
Decreased healthcare costs
for employers & taxpayers
Precise climate control
within individual area of a
building
BENEFITS OF A WELL FUNCTIONING HVAC
Source: Indoor Air Quality Handbook (2001), Indoor Air Dec 2002 Photo: Wired Magazine
Conventional HVAC accounts for 40% of a buildings energy
costs
Traditional Cast Iron and Water-Tube Boilers are only 78-86%
efficient
Lack of zonal control can result in 25% increased
consumption
Estimated loss of $25-50B in US due to productivity reduction
from preventable air borne illnesses (1996)
CONSUMPTION & INEFFICIENCY COSTS
Sources: Indoor Air Quality Handbook (2001), ClimateTech, UPMC Center for Health Security, SBA.gov
NEW BUILDINGS
Start with a good design
“Plan for expansion, but do not size for it”
Maximize zonal controls
Well located fresh air intake
Low placement of warm air delivery components
Cost for major components is based on size and complexity
Installation costs on conventional HVAC ~$8-11/SF
Typical payback on 30% more efficient system is 3-5 years
Highly efficient chiller with 4mW capacity costs ~$840,000
COSTS & FEASIBILITY
EXISTING BUILDINGS
Simple Improvements
Install Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) on pump & fan motors
35-50% efficiency increase over conventional constant speed motors
6 month-2 year cost recovery
Automatic Shut-offs
Occupancy sensors
Escalators, vending machines, lights, exhaust fan
Air Circulation
Replace filters often and improve filter redundancy
Decrease rate of air exchange and reduce pressure
Seal connections and gaskets within filters to minimize leakage
INCREASED EFFICIENCY
Source: FacilitiesNet, ClimateTech, UPMC Center for Health Security
1 World Trade Center
Air conditioning supplied by
highly efficient chiller that
uses water from the Hudson
River for cooling
Constant IAQ monitoring
helps maintain optimal air
quality while reducing load
Heat blocking glass and auto
dimming lights
IN THE NEWS
Source: ThomasNet News Photo: Wikipedia
Any Questions?
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