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Transport Systems in Plants and

Animals

Question Paper

Level

GCSE

Subject

Biology

Exam Board

AQA

Unit

B3

Topic

Transport Systems in Plants and Animals

Difficulty Level

Bronze Level

Booklet

Question Paper

Time Allowed: 157 minutes

Score: /157

(2)

Q1.Plants need different substances to survive. Figure 1 shows the roots of a plant.

(a) (i) Mineral ions are absorbed through the roots.

Name one other substance absorbed through the roots.

...

(1)

(ii) The plant in Figure 1 has a higher concentration of mineral ions in the cells of its roots than the concentration of mineral ions in the soil.

Which two statements correctly describe the absorption of mineral ions into the plant’s roots?

Tick ( ) two boxes.

The mineral ions are absorbed by active transport.

The mineral ions are absorbed by diffusion.

The mineral ions are absorbed down the concentration gradient.

(3)

(2)

(iii) The plant in Figure 1 has roots adapted for absorption.

Figure 2 shows a magnified part of a root from Figure 1.

Describe how the root in Figure 2 is adapted for absorption.

... ... ... ...

(2)

(b) The leaves of plants have stomata. What is the function of the stomata?

... ...

(1)

(c) Figure 3 shows the underside of two leaves, A and B, taken from a plant in a man’s house.

(4)

(i) In Figure 3, the cells labelled X control the size of the stomata. What is the name of the cells labelled X?

Tick ( ) one box.

Guard cells

Phloem cells

Xylem cells

(1)

(ii) Describe how the appearance of the stomata in leaf B is different from the appearance of the stomata in leaf A.

... ...

(1)

(iii) The man forgets to water the plant.

(5)

same as shown in leaf A in Figure 3?

... ...

(1) (Total 9 marks)

Q2.(a) (i) Blood is part of the circulatory system.

Draw one line from each part of the blood to its correct function.

Part of the blood Function

carry glucose around the body

White blood cells

carry oxygen around the body

Red blood cells

help the blood to clot

Platelets destroy microorganisms (3)

(6)

...

(1)

(b) The heart is also part of the circulatory system.

Figure 1 shows a section through the human heart. Figure 1

(i) Which arrow, A, B, C or D, shows blood leaving the heart in the pulmonary

artery to go to the lungs?

(1)

(ii) Which arrow, A, B, C or D, shows blood from the lungs entering the heart in the pulmonary vein?

(1)

(iii) Valves in the circulatory system make sure blood only travels in one direction. Name the type of blood vessel that has valves.

...

(7)

(c) A person’s coronary artery has become narrower. The person has a heart attack.

A doctor puts a stent into the person’s coronary artery.

Figure 2 shows a stent inside a coronary artery. Figure 2

(i) How does the stent help to prevent another heart attack? Give one way.

... ...

(1)

(ii) Figure 3 shows a surgeon putting a stent into a patient.

Figure 3

(8)

The surgeon puts the stent into an artery in the leg. He moves the stent through the artery to the coronary artery.

Suggest two possible risks of this operation.

1 ... ... 2 ... ... (2) (Total 10 marks)

Q3.Substances can move into cells and out of cells.

(a) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence.

Water moves into cells and out of cells by

active transport. osmosis.

reabsorption.

freely permeable

The water moves through a non-permeable membrane.

partially permeable

(2)

(b) Students put plant cells into two different strengths of sugar solutions, A and B. The diagram below shows what the cells looked like after 1 hour.

(9)

Cell in sugar solution A (after 1 hour) Cell in sugar solution B (after 1 hour)

(i) Describe two ways in which the cell in sugar solution B is different from the cell in sugar solution A.

1 ... ... 2 ... ...

(2)

(ii) A student put red blood cells into water. Suggest what would happen to the cells.

... ... ...

(1)

(c) In the human body, glucose is absorbed into the blood from the small intestine. The small intestine contains many villi.

(10)

Villi have a cell wall.

Villi are covered in thick mucus.

Villi give the small intestine a large surface area.

Villi have many blood capillaries.

(2) (Total 7 marks)

Q4.Substances are transported through plants.

(a) Use the correct answer from the box to complete each sentence.

capillary guard cells phloem

stomata transpiration xylem

(i) Water is transported from the roots to the stem of a plant in the ... .

(1)

(ii) Dissolved sugars are transported through the plant in the ... .

(1)

(iii) Movement of water through the plant is called the ... stream.

(11)

(iv) Water vapour moves out of the plant through pores called ... .

(1)

(b) Students investigated the effect of different conditions on water loss from leaves. The apparatus is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1

The students set up four flasks, A, B, C and D. The students:

• used the same size plant shoot in each flask

• recorded the mass of the flask and plant shoot at the start of each experiment • left each flask and plant shoot in different conditions

• recorded the mass of each flask and plant shoot after 2 hours.

(12)

Flask Temperature in °C Fan or no fan

A 20 No Fan B 20 Fan C 35 No Fan D 35 Fan

(i) Suggest why the students used cotton wool in each flask.

... ...

(1)

(ii) The use of the same size of plant shoot made the investigation a fair test. Explain why. ... ... ... ... ... (2)

(iii) Table 2 shows the students’ results.

Table 2 Conditions Mass at the start in grams Mass after 2 hours in grams Mass of water lost in 2 hours in grams Flask Temperature in °C Fan or no fan A 20 No Fan 150.0 148.1 1.9

(13)

B 20 Fan 152.0 148.5 3.5

C 35 No Fan 149.0 145.9 3.1

D 35 Fan 150.0 145.5

What mass of water was lost by the plant shoot in flask D?

... ...

... grams

(1)

(iv) Suggest what conclusion can be made about the effect of temperature on water loss from the plant shoot.

... ... ...

(1)

(v) Suggest what conclusion can be made about the effect of the fan on water loss from the plant shoot.

... ... ...

(1)

(c) The students carried out another experiment at 20 °C, with no fan. The students used the apparatus in Figure 2.

(14)

In this experiment, the students:

• recorded the mass of the flask and plant shoot before tying the plastic bag around the plant shoot

• removed the bag after 2 hours and recorded the mass again.

(i) What mass of water would be lost from the plant shoot in 2 hours? Draw a ring around the correct answer.

0.3 g 1.9 g 3.9 g

(1)

(ii) Give a reason for your answer to part (c)(i).

... ... ...

(1) (Total 12 marks)

(15)

Q5.Villi are found in some parts of the digestive system. Diagram 1 shows two villi.

Diagram 1

(a) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence.

muscle.

(i) Structure A is a nerve. capillary.

(1)

dialysis.

(ii) The villi absorb the products of digestion by diffusion.

osmosis.

(1)

(b) Diagram 2 shows the digestive system.

(16)

(i) In which part of the digestive system, X, Y or Z, are most villi found?

(1)

(ii) There are about 2000 villi in each cm2 of this part of the digestive system.

Why is it helpful to have lots of villi?

... ...

(1) (Total 4 marks)

Q6.Some students used the apparatus shown in the diagram to measure the rate of water

(17)

The students set up the apparatus in three different conditions: • no wind at 15°C

• no wind at 25°C • wind at 25°C

For each experiment, the students recorded the movement of the air bubble along the scale.

(a) (i) Name the two variables the students chose to change in these experiments. 1 ... 2 ...

(2)

(ii) It was important to use the same plant cutting each time to make these experiments fair.

Explain why.

... ...

(18)

Time in minutes

Which line on the graph, A, B or C, shows the results for each of the three different experiments?

Write each of the letters, A, B and C, in the correct boxes in the table. Conditions Letter No wind at 15°C No wind at 25°C Wind at 25°C (2)

(c) Water is lost from the leaves of the plant cutting. Name this process.

Draw a ring around one answer.

distillation respiration transpiration

(1) (Total 6 marks)

(19)

Q7.Plants exchange substances with the environment.

(a) Use words from the box to complete each sentence.

alveoli phloem root hairs stomata storage organs villi xylem

(i) Most water enters a plant through

...

(1)

(ii) The water is transported up the stem to the leaves in the ...

(1)

(iii) Carbon dioxide enters leaves through

...

(1)

(iv) A leaf uses the carbon dioxide to produce sugars.

Sugars are transported to ... through the ... .

(2)

(b) A student set up the apparatus shown in the diagram.

(20)

The diagram shows the reading on each balance 24 hours later. (i) Look at the mass shown on each balance.

Calculate the difference between the two masses.

... ...

Difference in mass = ... g

(1)

(ii) Suggest an explanation for the difference between the two masses. ... ... ... ... (2) (Total 8 marks)

Q8.Diagram 1 shows a section through the heart. Diagram 1

(21)

(a) Use words from the box to label parts A, B, C and D.

artery atrium capillary platelet vein ventricle

(4)

(b) Diagram 2 shows one treatment for a diseased coronary artery.

(22)

...

(1)

(ii) Explain how the treatment works.

... ... ... ... (2) (Total 7 marks)

Q9. Plants lose water vapour from their leaves. Most of this water vapour is lost through

the stomata.

(a) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.

distillation.

Plants lose water vapour by filtration.

transpiration.

(1)

(b) A class of students investigated the number of stomata per mm2 on the upper

surface and on the lower surface of the leaves of three species of plant, P, Q and R. The students placed samples of the surface cells onto a grid on a microscope. Student X counted the stomata on the lower surface of a leaf from one of the plant species.

(23)

(i) Complete the calculation to estimate the number of stomata per mm2 on the

lower surface of this leaf.

Number of stomata in mm2 = ...

Number of stomata in 1 mm2 = ...

(2)

The table shows the mean results for the class.

Plant species

Mean number of stomata per mm2 of leaf

Upper surface of leaf Lower surface of leaf

P 40 304

Q 0 11

R 85 195

(ii) Student X had counted the stomata on the lower surface of a leaf from one of the plant species.

Use your answer to part (b)(i), and information in the table, to help you to answer this question.

From which plant species, P, Q or R, was student X’s leaf most likely to have

(24)

(iii) Species Q is normally found growing in hot, dry conditions.

Explain one way in which species Q is adapted for living in hot, dry conditions. Use information from the table.

... ... ... ... (2) (Total 6 marks)

Q10. (a) List A gives four structures in the human body. List B gives the functions of some structures in the body.

Draw a straight line from each structure in List A to the correct function in List B.

List A – Structure List B – Function

Surround and protect the lungs

Alveoli

Filter the blood

Veins

Carry blood towards the heart

Villi

Absorb digested food

Ribs

Allow oxygen to enter the blood

(25)

(b) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.

diffusion.

In the lungs, oxygen enters the blood from the air by filtration.

respiration.

(1) (Total 5 marks)

Q11. (a) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.

distillation.

A plant loses water from its leaves by a process called respiration.

transpiration.

(1)

(b) Some scientists investigated the effect of temperature on water loss from a plant. The graph shows the results.

(26)

Describe the effect of increasing the temperature on water loss from the plant. ... ... ... ... (2)

(c) Under different conditions, plants open or close their stomata. (i) How does closing its stomata help a plant?

... ...

(1)

(ii) In the investigation described in part (b), which temperature range would cause most of the stomata to close?

Draw a ring around one answer.

(27)

(Total 5 marks)

Q12. The bar chart shows the concentration of oxygen in the blood in three different blood

vessels, X, Y and Z.

(a) (i) What is the concentration of oxygen in blood vessel X?

Answer ... arbitrary units.

(1)

(28)

(b) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence.

plasma.

(i) Most of the oxygen in the blood is carried by the red blood cells.

white blood cells.

(1)

(ii) Oxygen combines with a coloured pigment in the blood.

alveoli.

This coloured pigment is called haemoglobi n. lactic acid. (1) (Total 4 marks)

Q13. Some students used the apparatus shown in the diagram to measure the rate of

(29)

The students set up the apparatus in three different conditions: • no wind at 15 °C

• no wind at 25 °C • wind at 25 °C

For each experiment, the students recorded the movement of the air bubble along the scale.

(a) (i) Name the two variables that the students chose to change in these experiments.

1 ... 2 ...

(2)

(ii) It was important to use the same plant cutting each time to make these experiments fair.

Explain why.

...

(30)

(b) The graph shows the students’ results.

Which line on the graph, A, B or C, shows the results for each of the three different experiments?

Write each of the letters A, B or C in the correct boxes in the table. Condition Letter No wind at 15 °C No wind at 25 °C Wind at 25 °C (2)

(c) Water is lost from the leaves of the plant cutting. Name this process.

Draw a ring around one answer.

distillation respiration transpiration

(31)

Q14. The diagram shows a section through a plant leaf.

(a) The cells labelled X surround a stoma (pore).

Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.

alveoli.

Cells X are called guard cells.

villi.

(1)

(32)

(i) What was the mass of the leaf of species Q at 0 hours? ... grams

(1)

(ii) What was the difference between the mass of the leaf of species P and the mass of the leaf of species Q after 5 hours?

... grams

(1)

(iii) The leaf of species Q lost water at a faster rate than the leaf of species P. Suggest one reason why.

(33)

...

(1)

(iv) Which weather conditions would cause the greatest rate of loss of mass for both species P and species Q?

Tick ( ) one box in the table.

Weather conditions Tick ( )

Still air or wind Temperature

in °C

Wind 30

Still air 30

Wind 20

(1)

(c) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence. In very hot, dry conditions, the stomata close.

anaerobic respiration. This is to prevent breathing.

wilting.

(1) (Total 6 marks)

(34)

Write the correct letter, A, B, C or D, next to each function.

Function Part of blood

A, B, C or D

Transports oxygen

Helps blood to clot at the site of a cut

Transports urea

(Total 3 marks)

Q16. (a) Draw a ring around one word to answer each of the following questions.

(i) Which type of blood vessel carries blood out of the heart?

artery capillary vein

(1)

(ii) Which type of blood vessel allows substances to enter and leave the blood?

artery capillary vein

(35)

(b) Use words from the box to complete the sentences. alveoli cell membrane nucleus

plasma red blood cells villi

Oxygen enters the blood through the walls of the ... . Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is carried in the

... . A red blood cell is different from other body cells because it does not have a

... .

(3) (Total 5 marks)

Q17. The diagram shows the human breathing system.

(36)

Choose your answers from the words in the box.

alveolus capillary diaphragm rib

(2)

In the lungs, oxygen passes from the air into the blood. Carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the air.

(b) Which letter, A, B, C or D, shows where oxygen enters the blood?

(1)

(c) When oxygen enters the blood it combines with haemoglobin.

Draw a ring around the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence.

(i) Haemoglobin is found in the

plasma

red blood cells white blood cells

.

(1)

(ii) Most of the carbon dioxide is carried by the

plasma

red blood cells white blood cells

. (1) (Total 5 marks)

(37)

Q18. The diagram represents the human blood circulation system.

(a) A, B, C and D are blood vessels.

(i) Give the letter of one blood vessel that is an artery. ...

(1)

(ii) Give the letter of one blood vessel that is a vein. ...

(1)

(b) A student pedalled an exercise cycle at constant speed for 5 minutes. The student’s heart rate was recorded at one-minute intervals during the exercise. The results are shown in the graph.

(38)

(i) What was the student’s heart rate before the exercise began? ... per minute

(1)

(ii) How long was it before the student’s heart rate reached 124 beats per minute?

... .minutes

(1)

(c) Which of the following parts of the blood carries most oxygen? Draw a circle around one answer.

plasma red blood cells white blood cells

(1) (Total 5 marks)

-

(39)

Q19. Complete the table to show which part of the blood carries out each function.

Choose your answers from the list.

plasma platelet red blood cell white blood cell

The first answer has been done for you.

Function Part of the blood

Transports most of the carbon dioxide plasma

Transports most of the oxygen Helps blood to clot at a wound Defends the body against

microorganisms

Transports the products of digestion

(Total 4 marks)

Q20.Complete the table by writing the correct process next to its description.

Choose your answers from the list in the box

breathing diffusion digestion osmosis respiration

Description Process

(40)

substancefrom high to low concentration

The release of energy from glucose

(Total 3 marks)

Q21. Complete each sentence about the heart by choosing the correct words from the

box.

A ventricle fills with blood by the contraction of ... . When a ventricle contracts, blood is forced into ... . When a ventricle relaxes, the backflow of blood into it is prevented by the closing of ... .

(Total 3 marks)

Q22. The diagram shows a part of a lung that is involved in gaseous exchange in a

(41)

(i) Draw and label, on the diagram, one arrow to show the direction of movement of oxygen between the alveolus and capillary.

(1)

(ii) Draw and label, on the diagram, one arrow to show the direction of movement of carbon dioxide, between the alveolus and capillary.

(1)

(iii) Give the function of the red blood cell in this process.

... ... ... (1) (Total 3 marks)

(42)

...

(1)

(b) How are oxygen and carbon dioxide carried in the blood?

... ... ... ...

(2)

(c) List three things that are carried around the body in the blood plasma. 1. ... 2. ... 3. ... (3) (Total 6 marks) ##

The following sentences are about the blood system. Choose words from the list in the box to complete these sentences. You may use a word once or not at all.

diffuse lowered narrow one raised spread two wide

Capillaries have thin walls which are ... .cell thick. This allows nutrients from digested food to ... through and reach the cells of organs. Capillaries are very ... .and so blood flow through an

(43)

organ is slowed down and blood pressure is ... .

(Total 4 marks)

##

(a) The table shows the compounds and ions dissolved in a student’s urine.

Compound or ion Percentage of total urea 60 negative ions 25 positive ions 10 ammonia and uric acid 5

(44)

(2)

(ii) There is a total of 10 g of compounds and ions dissolved in a sample of this student’s urine. Calculate the mass of urea in the sample. Show clearly how you work out your answer.

... ... ...

Mass of urea ... g

(2)

(45)

anus bladder kidneys liver lungs

Plasma transports carbon dioxide from the body to the ... . Plasma transports urea from the ... to the ... .

(3) (Total 7 marks)

Q26. (a) The graph shows how the mass of oxygen you breathe in changes as you

(46)

Describe, in as much detail as you can, how the mass of oxygen in one breath changes as you climb from sea level to 3000 m.

... ... ... ... ... ... (3)

(b) People who live high up in mountainous areas have more red blood cells than people who live at sea level. The graph below shows how the number of red blood cells changes with height above sea level.

(47)

level have than someone living at sea level? Show clearly how you work out your answer.

... ... Increase in number of red blood cells = ...millions per m3

(2)

(ii) What is the advantage of having more red blood cells?

... ... (1) (Total 6 marks)

Q27. Blood contains plasma, platelets, red cells and white cells. Each has one or more

important functions.

In the table below draw a line from each part to its function.

(48)

(Total 5 marks)

Q28. The man uses energy as he walks along. Energy is released in the cells in his body.

(i) What name is given to this process which occurs in his cells? Circle the correct name.

circulation reproduction respiration transpiration

(1)

(ii) What gas is brought to his cells by the blood?

(49)

(1)

(iii) What gas is released by his cells and carried away by the blood?

...

(1) (Total 3 marks)

References

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