API 682 3rd for Training

Topics

• Review of API 682 First Edition • Mission Statement

• API 682 Second Edition

• ISO 21049 and API 682 Third Edition • Scope of Standard

• Key Concepts • Seal Types

• Seal Arrangements • Categories

Review of API 682 First Edition

• Created by industry leaders in rotating equipment • Designed to capture field experience • Defaults to proven solutions

• Applies to the most common applications

Mission Statement

from API 682 First Edition

“This standard is designed to default to the

equipment types most commonly

supplied that have a high probability of

meeting the objective of a least three

years of uninterrupted service while

complying with emissions regulations.”

API 682 Second Edition

• Success of First Edition • Applications outside of refineries • Application to non-API 610 • Advancement in sealing technology • Creation of an International standard

ISO 21049

• Review of API 682 Second Edition by

worldwide ISO member countries • Reorganization of some chapters • Rewording of some clauses • Error corrections

• Modified piping plan selection flowchart • New piping plan

API 682 Third Edition

• Release of ISO

21049 created two standards that were not identical

• Third Edition

released to make 682 identical to ISO 21049

Scope of Standard

Comparison of Editions

First Edition Second Edition, ISO

21049, Third Edition

Size Seal sizes from

1.50” to 4.50”

(30mm to 120mm)

Shaft diameters from 0.75” to 4.30” (20mm to 110mm) Temperature -40°F to 500°F (-40°C to 260°C) -40°F to 750°F (-40°C to 400°C)

Pressure (absolute) 0 to 515 PSIA (0 to 34.5 bar)

0 to 615 PSIA (0 to 42 bar)

Fluids Water, sour water, caustic, amines, some acids, most HCs

Water, sour water, caustic, amines, some acids, most HCs

Pumps API-610, ISO 13709 ANSI/ASME B73.1 and

Key Concepts

• Terminology

• Seal Types

• Seal Arrangements

• Seal Categories

Seal Types

• Over the years, seal companies have

released numerous designs and

variations

• No standardization in seal designs,

materials, or dimensions

• Challenge for API 682 Task Force was

to create standard seal types defining

seal design, materials, installation

Type A Seal

• Rotating flexible element, multiple springs, O-ring secondaries • Silicon Carbide versus premium grade blister resistant Carbon • Fluoroelastomer O-rings (FKM)

• Alloy C276 springs (316 for single spring option) • Type 316 SS sleeve, gland, and other metal parts • Throttle bushing in gland

Type B Seal

• Rotating bellows, O-ring secondaries

• Silicon Carbide versus premium grade blister resistant Carbon • Fluoroelastomer O-rings (FKM)

• Alloy C-276 bellows

• Type 316 SS sleeve, gland, and other metal parts • Throttle bushing in gland

Type C Seal

• Stationary bellows, flexible graphite secondaries

• Silicon Carbide versus premium grade blister resistant Carbon • Alloy 718 bellows

• Type 316 SS sleeve, gland, and other metal parts • Premium carbon floating bushing in gland

Rotating vs Stationary

• The default Type A and Type B seals have a rotating flexible element

• A stationary flexible element is an alternate • The default Type C seal has a stationary

flexible element

• A rotating flexible element is an alternate • If surface speed at the faces exceeds 4500

ft/min (23 m/s), a stationary flexible element must be used

Seal Arrangements

• The seal arrangement defines the

number or seals, their orientation, and

details about the seal’s operation

• Designations

• Contacting wet (CW) • Containment seals (CS) • Non-contacting dry-running • Contacting dry-running • Non-contacting (NC)

• Wet running seals

Contacting Wet Seal - CW

• “Typical” mechanical seal

• Mechanical seal designed to run on

liquid fluid film

• Does not intentionally create

hydrodynamic forces

• Requires vapor suppression to keep

fluid in a liquid phase

• Designed to run for a minimum of

25,000 hours

Containment Seal - CS

• Designed as a dry running backup seal

• Outer seal in a dual non-pressurized

arrangement

• May be either a non-contacting or

contacting design

• Operates on buffer gas or vaporized

process fluid

• Run for 25,000 hours at 10 PSI and at

least 8 hours under process conditions

Non-Contacting Seal - NC

• May be used as a primary seal or as a

dual pressurized seal

• Seal is designed to create

hydrodynamic forces to separate the

faces under all operating conditions

• Designed to run for a minimum of

Arrangement 1

• 1CW-FX or 1CW-FL configuration • Single mechanical seal

• May have a fixed or floating throttle bushing • May have single point or distributed flush

Arrangement 2

Liquid Buffer Fluid

• 2CW-CW configuration

• Dual non-pressurized seal with a liquid buffer fluid

Arrangement 2

Vapor or No Buffer Fluid

• 2CW-CS configuration

• Contacting wet seal with a dry running containment seal

• Containment seal may be either contacting or non-contacting

Arrangement 2

Vapor or No Buffer Fluid

• 2NC-CS configuration

• Inner seal is designed to be non-contacting

and operate with liquid, vapor, or mixed phase process

Arrangement 3

Liquid Barrier Fluid

• 3CW-FB configuration

• Contacting wet seals oriented in a series (or face-to-back) orientation

• Default Arrangement 3 liquid seal

Arrangement 3

Liquid Barrier Fluid

• Alternate designs for Arrangement 3

liquid seals

• 3CW-BB or 3CW-FF configurations

• May be required for specific application or pump designs

Arrangement 3

Gas Barrier Fluid

• 3NC-BB configuration

• Default Arrangement 3 gas seal

• Non-contacting gas seals in a back-to-back orientation

Arrangement 3

Gas Barrier Fluid

• Alternate designs for Arrangement 3 gas seals

• 3NC-FF or 3NC-FB configurations

• May be required for specific application or pump designs

Categories

• Different applications may require

different levels of seal sophistication

• Current practice of specifying “modified”

API-682 seals

• Size restrictions based on pump

construction

Categories

Three categories

• Category 1 – General duty services in

chemical pumps

• Category 2 – Heavy duty services;

similar to API-610 7

th

edition seals

• Category 3 – Heavy duty services;

Comparison of Categories

FEATURE CATEGORY 1 CATEGORY 2 CATEGORY 3

Seal chamber size ISO 3069 Type C, ANSI/ASME B73

ISO 13709/API 610 ISO 13709/API 610

Temperature range -40°C to 260°C -40°F to 500°F -40°C to 400°C -40°F to 750°F -40°C to 400°C -40°F to 750°F Pressure range absolute 22 bar 315 PSIA 42 bar 615 PSIA 42 bar 615 PSIA Face materials Carbon vs

self-sintered SiC Carbon vs reaction bonded SiC Carbon vs reaction bonded SiC Distributed flush requirements When required or specified When required or specified Required

Gland plate metal to metal contact

Required Required inside and outside bolt circle diameter

Required inside and outside bolt circle diameter

Comparison of Categories

FEATURE CATEGORY 1 CATEGORY 2 CATEGORY 3

Seal sleeve size increments

None 10mm increments 10mm increments

Throttle bushing requirements Fixed carbon, floating carbon optional Fixed non-sparking metal, floating carbon optional Floating carbon Pumping ring HQ curve required No If specified Required Scope of vendor qualification test Test as Category 1 unless faces tested as Category 3

Test as Category 1 unless faces tested as Category 3 Test as Category 3 as entire seal assembly Proposal document requirements

Minimal Minimal Rigorous including qualification tests Contract data Minimal Minimal Rigorous

Review

• API 682 Second Edition represents a major revision over the First Edition

• ISO 21049 and API 682 Third Edition provide additional refinement to the standard

• The Standard has categorized three types of seals: Type A, B, and C

• There are three basic arrangements: Arrangement 1, 2, and 3

• To address differing needs for features and documentation, there are three categories of seals: Category 1, 2, and 3

Piping Plans

• The complete listing of piping plans is covered in Annex

• Continuation of piping plans from the First Edition • New piping plans introduced in Second Edition:

• Moved over from API 610

• Variations of dual pressurized liquid plans • Plans for containment and dual gas seals

• New piping plans introduced in ISO 21049 / API 682 Third Edition:

Seal Code

• Informative

• Different from 1

st

_Edition

• Different from API 610

• Four segment code

• First segment – seal category (C1, C2, C3)

• Second segment – arrangement (A1, A2, A3)

• Third segment – seal type (A, B, C)

Seal Code

• C1A1B11

• Category 1 seal

• Arrangement 1 (single seal) • Type B seal (bellows)

• Plan 11

• C3A3A53B

• Category 3 seal

• Arrangement 3 (dual pressurized seal) • Type A seal (pusher)

• Plan 53B (liquid barrier fluid pressurized by a bladder accumulator)

Thank you

for