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Communication

An annotated checklist of the birds of

upper Chenab catchment, Jammu & Kashmir, India

Neeraj Sharma, Suresh Kumar Rana, Pankaj Raina, Raja Amir &

Muzaffar Ahmed Kichloo

26 June 2018 | Vol. 10 | No. 7 | Pages: 11869–11894

10.11609/jott.3464.10.7.11869-11894

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tion

DOI:http://doi.org/10.11609/jott.3464.10.7.11869-11894 | ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3776FD33-C423-488D-927C-F206534F6D4E

Editor: Tim Inskipp, Bishop Auckland Co., Durham, UK. Date of publication: 26 June 2018 (online & print)

Manuscript details: Ms # 3464 | Received 25 April 2017 | Final received 10 May 2018 | Finally accepted 23 May 2018

Citation: Sharma, N., S.K. Rana, P. Raina, R. Amir & M.A. Kichloo (2018). An annotated checklist of the birds of upper Chenab catchment, Jammu & Kashmir, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 10(7): 11869–11894; http://doi.org/10.11609/jott.3464.10.7.11869-11894

Copyright: © Sharma et al. 2018. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this article in any medium, reproduction and distribution by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publication.

Funding: The surveys were funded by Institute of Mountain Environment (IME) internal grant for mountain biodiversity studies and Rufford Small Grant (18107-1) received for occupancy studies in Kishtwar National Park. The surveys conducted by Suresh K. Rana and Raja Amir were self financed.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Author Details: Neeraj Sharma, Assistant Professor in Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Mountain Environment, University of Jammu (Bhaderwah Campus) works on mountain biodiversity with interest in alpine plants, birds and butterflies. He supports conservation outreach programmes in the mountainous region of the state. Suresh K. Rana is researcher at Wildlife Institute of India with a keen interest in biogeography and evolutionary biology of birds and plants. He has worked on elevational gradients of birds and plants across Himalaya. Pankaj Raina, Wildlife Warden, Chenab circle (now WLW Leh) is working on Trans-Himalayan biodiversity with interest in Snow Leopard ecology and breeding birds of Ladakh. Raja Amir, post graduate in Fisheries Science is an avid birder and equally good photographer from Kishtwar. Muzaffar A. Kichloo, Assistant Professor in Department of Higher Education, Govt. of Jammu & Kashmir is a passionate researcher and academician currently working on large mammals.

Author Contribution: All authors carried joint / individual field surveys in the respective watersheds of their residence. NS collected and compiled the data and wrote

the manuscript in consultation with SKR. SKR and MAK helped in the identification of species and literature consultation. SKR and RA made significant contributions by providing the checklists and good quality photographs from Paddar and Kishtwar, respectively. PR besides his technical inputs on species distribution provided necessary field logistics.

Acknowledgements: The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support received from IME, University of Jammu and Rufford Small Grant programme for Kishtwar National Park (KNP). Department of Wildlife Protection, Govt. of Jammu and Kashmir is duly acknowledged and accredited for granting the necessary permits to conduct the field investigations in and around KNP. Sh. Majid Bashir, Wildlife Warden (Chenab Circle) is thanked for providing the field logistic support during surveys in Marusudhar watershed. Sh. Anup Soni, DFO Doda is thanked for contributing images from Doda. The help rendered by the research scholars of IME, Anu Sharma, Dinesh Singh, Sudesh Kumar especially Asha Sohil in compiling and updating this manuscript is highly appreciated. Authors are grateful to numerous people who accompanied, served and helped us in many ways during the field surveys. Authors are thankful to the subject editors and reviewers for their valuable suggestions and comments in making this manuscript worth.

An annotated checklist of the birds of upper

Chenab catchment, Jammu & Kashmir, India

Neeraj Sharma

1

_{, Suresh Kumar Rana}

2

_{, Pankaj Raina}

3

_{, Raja Amir}

4

_&

_{Muzaffar Ahmed Kichloo}

5

1

_{Institute of Mountain Environment, University of Jammu, Bhaderwah, Jammu & Kashmir 182222, India}

2

_{Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001, India}

3

_{Wildlife Warden, Leh (Ladakh), Department of Wildlife Protection (J & K), Jammu & Kashmir 194101, India}

4

_{House number 97/9, Near Dak Bunglow, Kishtwar, Jammu & Kashmir 182204, India}

5

_{Department of Environmental Sciences, Govt. Degree College, Thathri, Doda, Jammu & Kashmir 182203, India}

1

_{[email protected] (corresponding author),}

2

_{[email protected],}

3

_{[email protected],}

4

_{[email protected],}

5

_{[email protected]}

ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)

OPEN ACCESS

Abstract: Watershed avifaunal inventories are useful in devising management strategies appropriate to the habitat, as well as species

conservation. The Chenab River basin forms one of the largest and most important river basins in Jammu & Kashmir. The upper Chenab

catchment offers a rich and diverse fauna, especially birds, owing to variety of habitats, different climatic regimes, and a wide range

of altitude,. We present an avifaunal list of four watersheds—Bhot, Marusudar, Kalnai and Neeru of the Chenab River basin including

Kishtwar Town and the surrounding area of the upper Chenab catchment over an elevation range of 820–4,500 m. The list includes 251

species belonging to 60 families and 150 genera of which six are globally threatened, 127 residents, 124 migrants and three new to the

state. The paper also describes species-wise habitat occupancy, feeding behaviour, migratory status and abundance of the avifauna. The

study reveals that mosaic habitats comprising forests, riverbeds, rangelands and rocky outcrops are crucial for the conservation of birds

in the region.

Keywords: Avifauna, Chenab River, climatic regimes, conservation and management, distribution pattern, Himalaya, important bird

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INTRODUCTION

Owing to its distinct climate and physiography, the

Himalayan state of Jammu & Kashmir comprises an

impressive avifaunal diversity unique to higher altitudes

(Rahmani et al. 2013) with 21 important bird areas

(IBAs) (Islam & Rahmani 2004) and seven potential IBAs

(Rahmani 2012) home to 12 globally threatened bird

species and six near threatened species (Rahmani et

al. 2013) mostly restricted to Kashmir and Ladakh. The

Jammu plains constitute a part of the Indo-Gangetic

plains from where rises the mass of the Pir-Panjal that

passes through Kashmir into the Murree Hills and ‘Galis’

(mountain passes) with a strip of territory narrowing to

its ultimate end. Kishtwar and Bhaderwah comprising

most of the upper Chenab catchment are certainly

positioned in the Oriental region (Price et al. 2003). It is

noteworthy that these mountainous landscapes though

contiguous to Kashmir and Ladakh in the west and north

are the least known and least studied in terms of avian

ecology.

Montane areas represent rugged landscapes that

are uplifted to an extent that affects local climate.

Birds inhabiting mountains show a large variety of

distributional patterns with some restricted to narrow

elevation bands and others occurring over relatively

broader elevations (Price et al. 2011). The changes

in environmental conditions such as temperature,

moisture and oxygen from the low valleys to mountain

summits lead to higher turnover and species diversity

to specific elevations in the mountains than other

habitats of equivalent areas (Graham et al. 2014). This

characteristic elevation stratification in the mountain

ecosystem makes the avian communities dynamic (Dixit

et al. 2016). No accurate definition of these zones has

yet been attempted for the Himalaya as a whole, but the

divi sion of the zones as proposed by Whistler (1929) of

the outer Himalaya more or less fits in the context of

the present study area, i.e.,

Foothill zone (150–1,200

m), Ban-Oak zone (1,200–2,450 m), Kharsu-Oak zone

(2,450–3,350 m), and Alpine zone (3,350m and above).

Baseline information is pre-requisite for conservation

endeavors for any ecosystem and to understand the

consequences of habitat destruction and deterioration

as well as the effects of climate change (Llanos et al.

2011). Bird surveys provide useful information for

basic and applied ecology and are useful for identifying

priority areas for conservation (Daniels et al. 1991;

Peterson et al. 2000). Due to the remote location and

inaccessibility (of the study area), only a few efforts

have been made to inventorize the biodiversity that

too mostly restricted to Kishtwar National Park (Kichloo

1992; Parsa 1999; Baba 2002; Naqash 2006). Wani &

Sahi (2005) conducted avifaunal surveys in Doda District

with recent contributions by Kichloo (2014), Sharma &

Kichloo (2016), Sharma (2017), Sharma & Sohil (2017),

and Sharma & Rana (2018).

The region, owing to the variety of habitats, different

climatic regimes and a wide range of altitude offers

favourable habitats to avifauna. The aim of this study

is to present a list of bird species in different hitherto

little or unexplored landscapes of the upper Chenab

catchment within the geographical limits of Jammu &

Kashmir. Three teams conducted extensive avifaunal

surveys in four major watersheds and along river Chenab

(including Kishtwar, Thathri and Pul Doda townships)

in an elevation range of 820–4,500 m during the years

2012–2017. This paper provides an insight into the

species composition, sight records with information on

location, preferred habitats, feeding, migratory status

and abundance.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Study area

The complex physiography and topographic

complexity of the mountain ranges of the upper

Chenab catchment has resulted in extreme habitat and

microclimatic heterogeneity especially in the highlands.

Our study was focused on four topographically diverse

watersheds (Bhot, Marusudar, Kalnai and Neeru) of the

Chenab River system located in the far southeastern

fringe of the state contiguous with Himachal Pradesh

(Table 1, Fig. 1; see recent study on Chamba birds by

Shah et al. 2016). The study area is characterized by

variety of habitats and life zones, such as subtropical

dry scrub, temperate broadleaf and pure conifer forests,

tree line and alpine rangelands in an elevation range of

820–4,500 m. The mountains beyond 4,500m remain

inaccessible owing to rugged topography and extreme

environmental conditions. Major vegetation comprises

of subtropical dry scrub (850–1,100 m), temperate

broadleaf mixed forests including riparian habitats (1400

– 1950 m, Image 1), broadleaf-conifer mixed forests

(1,900–2,600 m), pure conifer forests (2300 – 3000 m,

Image 2), conifer-oak mixed forests (2,700–3,200 m,

Image 3), dense oak forests (2,900–3,400 m, Image 4),

moist alpine scrub and rangelands (3,200–4,300 m,

Image 5), and rocky outcrops with cushion and mat

formations (>4,300 m, Image 6).

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short summers and long dry winters. The temperature

in the study area regularly drops as low as -25

0

_{C in}

winter and varies primarily by elevation with a lapse rate

of ~6

0

_{C/km. Maximum humidity (80–85 %) is usually}

recorded during August whereas minimum humidity

values are measured during November-December.

Precipitation ranges between 1,450mm at moderate

altitudes (<2,000m) and gradually declines to 800mm

above 2,500m. The whole study area is characterized

by four major seasons: short spring (February–March),

warm and dry summer (mid-April to mid-July), warm

and wet monsoon (mid-July to mid-September), and

relatively dry winter (mid-October to February).

Data collection

Organized field surveys were conducted along with

opportunistic bird sightings to obtain checklists of four

different watersheds during the years 2012 to 2017.

Belt transects and, in some cases, point counts and call

surveys (Gibbons & Gregory 2006) were used to record

the birds in different habitats and seasons. Transects of

variable lengths (100–1,000 m) and standard 50m width

were laid around the tracks mostly during the morning

and evenings covering all the seasons in the Neeru

watershed. The opportunistic observation method

was mostly used during the surveys and the birds

especially the riparian and aquatic were recorded based

on this. The birdcalls were confirmed using Grimmett

et al. (2013) e-book and Xeno-Canto bird call database

(Xeno-canto 2016). Field photographs were thoroughly

cross checked with the images available on the online

database; www.orientalbirdimages.org with subsequent

confirmation from Ali & Ripley (2001), Grimmett et al.

(2011), Rasmussen & Anderton (2012), and Grewal et al.

(2016).

The Birds of South Asia (Rasmussen & Anderton

2012) was referred for the binomial names. Based on

foraging observations six classes of feeding guilds, viz.,

insectivorous, granivorous, frugivorous, carnivorous,

omnivorous and nectarivorous were identified in the

study area while birds based on the frequency of sightings

were categorized as common, frequent, occasional

and rare following Khan (2002). We assigned habitat

types (aquatic, urban, open scrub, riparian, temperate

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broadleaf & conifer forest, pure conifer forest, dense oak

forest, alpine scrub, alpine pasturelands, rocky outcrops,

cultivated lands, forest edges, garbage dumps, aerial,

open hill / cliff dwellers) to each species based on their

occurrence, sightings and behavioral activities observed

during the field surveys. The extent of distribution

including the nominations for range extensions and new

records for the state have been confirmed by consulting

the available literature (Grimmett et al. 2011; Rasmussen

& Anderton 2012), avian experts, birding groups / clubs

and authentic facebook groups.

RESULTS

The checklist of the upper Chenab catchment in

Jammu & Kashmir produced in this study includes a

total of 251 species contained in 60 families and 150

Image 1. Low lying temperate Riparian forest

Image 3. Conifer-Oak forest

Image 5. Moist sub-alpine scrub

Image 2. Pure conifer forest (Cedrus deodara)

Image 4. Dense (Kharsu) Oak forest

Image 6. Alpine rocky outcrops

© Neeraj Sharma © Neeraj Sharma

© Neeraj Sharma

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genera (Table 2). Most of the species are represented

in the families Muscicapidae (33 species in 19 genera),

Accipitridae (21/12), Fringlillidae (18/11), Corvidae

(12/7), Phylloscopidae (11/1), and Motacillidae (9/3)

(Fig. 2). Phylloscopidae is the only monotypic family

represented by 11 species under one genus. Raptors are

represented in good numbers with 30 species recorded

in three families, i.e., Accipitridae with 21 species

followed by Strigidae (5 species) and Falconidae (4

species). Out of 251 bird species, 189 (about 75%) were

recorded from Kishtwar followed by Neeru 170 (67%),

Bhot 133 (53%), Marusudar 117 (47%), and Kalnai 111

(44%) watersheds. Sixty-eight species (27%) were found

common in all the four watersheds (Table 2). Based

on our repeated surveys and opportunistic sightings,

83 species have been found rarely, 75 occasionally, 57

commonly, and 36 frequently (Table 2, Fig. 3).

We observed a great affinity of birds for specific

vegetation associations mostly for food and habitat

availability. Since most of the area under study is covered

by forests, the woodland habitats revealed the highest

species richness with 115 species found in temperate

broadleaf forest followed by 80 in urban forest, 67

(temperate broadleaf conifer forest), 65 (riparian forest),

59 (pure conifer forest) 58 (alpine scrub), 41 (forest edges

and ecotones), 22 (dense Oak forest), 14 (open scrub)

and 12 along the open hills. Forty-one birds were found

Figure 2. Dominant families of the study area

Figure 3. Visual abundance of birds

near the alpine rangelands and exposed rocky outcrops

above 3,500m, while 44 species were recorded from the

cultivable fields. Raptors were mostly observed in flight

all over and mostly near the garbage dumps.

Thirty-nine species were exclusively aquatic found around local

ponds, tributaries of river Chenab and high-altitude

lakes, mainly the Kailash Kund (Lake) at Bhaderwah.

In terms of distribution and migratory status, 127

species were found to be resident, 80 summer visitors,

21 winter visitors and 23 passage migrants (Table 2, Fig.

4). The number of species observed exclusively at a

single site varied from 3–42 (maximum from Kishtwar).

Sixty-eight species (27%) exhibited a wider range of

distribution in the catchment. Bird species richness

exhibited peaks at intermediate elevations mostly

between 1,400–1700m and 2,200–2,500 m with

two-thirds of the species recorded below 1,800m. Wagtails,

redstarts, doves, parakeets, cuckoos, flycatchers,

thrushes, woodpeckers, treepies and magpies, bulbuls,

robins, chats and tits mainly occupied the riparian

woodlands, temperate broadleaf and mixed conifer

forests at lower and middle elevations whereas most

of the finches, warblers, pipits, buntings, accentors and

pheasants were invariably sighted in the dense oak,

fir-spruce forests at middle and higher elevations. The

Figure 4. Migratory status of the birds

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pheasants were restricted along open forests, forest

edges and timberline-rangeland interfaces.

Different feeding guilds assigned to birds based

on foraging observations identified 111 species as

insectivorous, 49 insectivorous/carnivorous, 50

omnivorous, 34 granivorous, six frugivorous and one

nectarivorous respectively (Table 2, Fig. 5). Most of

the insectivorous species were restricted to lower and

middle elevations, whereas omnivores exhibited the

larger elevational distribution. The frugivores mainly

occupied human-dominated landscapes. Most of the

carnivores, especially the raptors and corvids, were

found feeding on carcasses and dead fowls in and

around garbage dumps near townships and along the

national highway.

Of the total bird species recorded so far, six are

considered globally threatened (Endangered and

Vulnerable) as per IUCN (2016). These include the

Endangered

Neophron percnopterus and

Aquila

nipalensis,

and Vulnerable

Aquila heliaca,

Catreus

wallichii,

Tragopan melanocephalus and

Aythya ferina.

The Near Threatened include

Gypaetus barbatus, Gyps

himalayensis and Aegypius monachus.

The present study reports three new species, Cyornis

tickelliae, Dicrurus aeneus

(Sharma & Sohil 2017), and

Yuhina flavicollis

(Sharma & Rana 2018) for the state

of Jammu & Kashmir. The study also added isolated

records for

Cephalopyrus flammiceps,

Dendronanthus

indicus

and Ficedula strophiata and range extensions

for Picus chlorolophus, Lonchura punctulata, Mycerobas

carnipes and Chrysominla strigula.

It was observed that the low-lying forests are highly

fragmented owing to typical lithology, aspect and

anthropogenic stresses, while those at higher elevations

are vulnerable to climatic vagaries and tremendous

biological pressures (grazing, extraction, tourism and

pilgrimage). The influence of these impacts on avian

diversity and ecology has not been accounted for in the

present surveys.

DISCUSSION

The distribution of birds in a particular area depends

on various factors, which include quantity and quality of

food available, perching, roosting and nesting sites. Our

observations during the current surveys clearly suggest

that factors such as elevation, topography, climate and

habitat heterogeneity have a marked influence on the

distribution pattern of avian fauna in the study area.

A large number of species have been recorded during

the summer and much less in winters. Those at higher

elevations move below the snow line during winters

while a few passage migrants stopover for few days en

route to their destinations. This has led to the dynamic

nature of the avian community in the region. Similar

observations were made by Acharya et al. (2011). In

the western Himalaya, mid and high elevation habitats

experience high species turnover between winter and

summer (Somvielle et al. 2013). A few species of long

distance latitudinal migrants take advantage of food rich

mild summers at high elevations for breeding and spend

winters at warmer latitudes (McCain 2009). Seasonal

fluctuations of birds occur due to changes in weather

conditions or fluctuations in food productivity and

habitat quality (Loiselle & Blake 1991; Norris & Marra

2007) as also observed during the current surveys.

The authors have observed that many birds usually

Table 1. The study sites (watersheds) with details on elevation, topography and major vegetation types

Watershed Geo-coordinates Elevation_(visited) Topography Major vegetation types

Neeru watershed

33.872–33.0030_N

&

75.669–75.7880_E 820–4,200 m

Flat valleys below, Steep mountains, rugged and rocky out-crops, alpine rangelands at higher elevations.

Riparian (Alnus), temperate broadleaf, pure and mixed conifers, Fir-Spruce, Kharsu-Oak, Krumholtz.

Kalnai watershed

32.864–33.1460_N

&

75.793–76.8540_E 930–4,350 m

Moderate to steep bare hills at lower elevations to steep forest mountains, rugged snow accumulated tops.

Subtropical (Ulmus-Alnus-Ficus), mixed broadleaf, pure conifer, mixed and pure Kharsu Oak, birch at treeline, Junipers.

Marusudhar watershed

33.339–34.0690_N

&

75.680–76.1700_E 1,800–3,800 m

Huge oval and linear valleys at lower and higher elevations, rugged, rocky and steep mountains with broken cliffs beyond timberline bordering Trans Himalaya. One fourth of the area with permanent snow cover.

Plantations in the valleys, riparian Alnus forests along all the three major streams dry and moist temperate broadleaf and conifer forests, birch forests mixed with conifers near tree line. Moist alpine near 4000m.

Bhot watershed

33.272–33.4840_N

&

76.224–76.4440_E 1,850–4,500 m

Moderate to steep slopes with smaller valleys, rugged mountains at middle and higher elevations, a typical great and trans-Himalayan interface at the top contagious to Zanskar Himalaya.

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seen during winter and early spring in the foothills of

Jammu, Kathua and Udhampur migrate towards the

middle and upper Chenab catchment during summer.

Summer migrants invade the mountains to breed

alongside residents (Dixit et al. 2016). About two-thirds

of the birds recorded are breeding residents in the upper

Chenab catchment. Twenty-nine percent of the species

exhibited a very narrow range of spatial distribution.

Most of them occurred exclusively at specific sites

suggesting that range sizes are extremely limited

probably by a combination of habitat associations,

competition or environmental tolerance (Gaston 1996;

Orme et al. 2006; Harris & Pimm 2008; Acharya et al.

2011). During the present survey, Kishtwar has emerged

as a favoured destination for birds especially raptors,

robins, flycatchers, warblers, etc. and most of the

passage migrants. This may be attributed to its affinity

to oriental regime owing to its central location, high

habitat heterogeneity and a conducive climate. Weather

conditions, vegetation structure and tree diversity are

responsible for the variation in avifauna from habitat

to habitat (Beehler et al. 1987; Daniels 1989; Joshua &

Johnsingh 1986).

Sadly, widespread ecological damage in the upper

Chenab catchment poses a deleterious effect on the bird

life of its mountains. The increase in human population

all along the range and the rising demands for electricity

(hydro-electric projects), roads, medicinal plants and

timber extraction, fuelwood, etc. pose a serious threat

to the fragile mountain ecosystems. The increased

tourism activity especially the pilgrimage practiced

at highlands during different times of the year puts

immense pressure on vegetation and birds in the region

as observed elsewhere in the Himalayan region (Chettri

et al. 2001, 2002; Laiolo 2003; Acharya et al. 2011). This

unprecedented human presence virtually coincides

with the breeding season of most of the migrants and

pheasants thus emerging as a great threat to their

survival.

This study reveals that mosaic habitats comprising

forests, riverbeds, rangelands and rocky outcrops

are crucial for the conservation of birds in the region.

This being a preliminary study calls for more intensive

surveys and investigations to establish the drivers of

avian distribution, richness and diversity in the region

in the near future. The current checklist of birds from

the upper Chenab catchment, together with information

on habitat use, feeding guilds and migratory status,

substantially improves the current knowledge base of

avifauna in the upper Chenab catchment. We expect

that our study will trigger more intense and detailed

ornithological research in the whole of the Chenab basin

in Indian Territory.

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Priority Sites for Conservation

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History Society 75: 1028–1035.

Khan, M.A. (2002). Avifauna of Kaghan Valley Northwest Frontier

Province, Pakistan, Tigerpaper 29(3): 16–19.

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Table 2. Birds species distribution in the upper Chenab catchment, Jammu & Kashmir, India

Family / Common name Binomial name IUCN Locality Habitat Feeding Status Abd Images

Accipitridae

Bearded Vulture Gypaetus barbatus NT Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar AS, RO, AE C R F Image 7

Besra Accipiter virgatus LC Neeru PC C R R Image 8

Black Kite Milvus migrans LC Neeru, Kishtwar GD, PC, FD, AE C R R

Black- eared Kite Milvus [migrans] lineatus LC Neeru, Kishtwar GD, AE C SV R Image 9

Bonelli’s Eagle Aquila fasciata LC Kishtwar AE, OH C WV R Image 10

Booted Eagle Hieraaetus pennatus LC Kishtwar, Neeru PS, AE, RO C WV R

Cinereous vulture Aegypius monachus NT Kishtwar TB, OH, AE C WV R Image 11

Common Buzzard Buteo buteo LC Neeru, Kalnai RF, TB,TC, AE C WV F

Eastern Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca VU Kishtwar TC, OH, AE C WV R Image 12

Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus EN Neeru, Kishtwar GD, AE, FD C SV O Image 13

Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus LC Kishtwar, Bhot, Neeru RF, TB, UF C R O Image 14

Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos LC Neeru, Bhot, Marusudar AE, RO, PC C R R Image 15

Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvus LC Kishtwar, Neeru RO, AE C R O

Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus LC Kishtwar AE, OS C WV R Image 16

Himalayan Buzzard Buteo burmanicus LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot PC, AS, AE C R O Image 17

Himalayan Vulture Gyps himalayensis NT Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar PC, AS, RO, FD C R O Image 18

Mountain Hawk Eagle Nisaetus nipalensis LC Kishtwar TB, TC, PC C R O

Northern Goshawk Accipiter gentilis LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot UF, RF C WV O

Shikra Accipiter badius LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar UF, TB, TC, PC C R C Image 19

Short-toed Snake Eagle Circaetus gallicus LC Kishtwar CV, FD, OS C PM O Image 20

Steppe Eagle Aquila nipalensis EN Neeru, Kishtwar GD, RF, UF, AE C WV O Image 21

Aegithalidae

Black-throated Tit Aegithalos concinnus LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar , Bhot, _Marusudar UF, TB, RF I R O Image 22

White-throated Tit Aegithalos niveogularis LC Bhot TB, PC, DO, I R O Image 23

Alaudidae

Oriental Skylark Alauda gulgula LC Neeru PC O SV R

Alcedinidae

Himalayan Pied Kingfisher Ceryle lugubris LC Neeru, Kishtwar , Marusudar AQ, RF C R C Image 24

Lesser Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar , _Marusudar AQ, RF C R C Image 25

White-throated Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar AQ, RF C R C Image 26

Anatidae

Bar-headed Goose Anser indicus LC Kishtwar AQ G PM O Image 27

Common Pochard Aythya ferina VU Kishtwar , Bhot AQ O PM O

Common Teal Anas crecca LC Neeru, Kalnai, AQ O PM O Image 28

Eurasian Wigeon Mareca penelope LC Kishtwar AQ G PM R Image 29

Garganey Querquedula querquedula LC Kishtwar AQ I PM R

Mallard Anas platyrhynchos LC Kishtwar AQ O PM R Image 30

Northern Pintail Anas acuta LC Kishtwar AQ O PM R Image 31

Northern Shoveler Spatula clypeata LC Kishtwar AQ G PM O Image 32

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Family / Common name Binomial name IUCN Locality Habitat Feeding Status Abd Images Apodidae

Alpine Swift Tachymarptis melba LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar AS, RO, AE I SV F Image 34

Common Swift Apus apus LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar UF, RF, TB, AE I SV F

White-throated Needletail Hirundapus caudacutus LC Kishtwar TB, TC, PC, FD I SV R

Ardeidae

Eastern Cattle Egret Bubulcus coromandus LC Kishtwar CV, AQ I WV C Image 35

Campephagidae

Long-tailed Minivet Pericrocotus ethologus LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot UF, TC, PC I SV F Image 36

Megalaimidae

Great Barbet Megalaima virens LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot UF, TB O R O Image 37

Certhiidae

Bar-tailed Treecreeper Certhia himalayana LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar UF, TB, TC, PC I R C Image 38

Hodgson’s Treecreeper Certhia hodgsoni LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot TB, TC, PC I R F

Cettiidae

Strong-footed Bush Warbler Horornis fortipes LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, _{Marusudar, Bhot} FD, TB, RF I SV O

Charadriidae

Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus LC Kishtwar CV, AQ I SV O Image 39

Cinclidae

Brown Dipper Cinclus pallasii LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar AQ I R C Image 40

White-throated Dipper Cinclus cinclus LC Bhot, Marusudar AQ I R F Image 41

Cisticolidae

Grey-breasted Prinia Prinia hodgsonii LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar UF, TB I R C Image 42

Striated Prinia Prinia criniger LC Neeru UF, TB, OS I R F Image 43

Common Tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius LC Neeru UF, OS I R O Image 44

Columbidae

Eurasian Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot UF, TB, CV G SV O Image 45

Hill Pigeon Columba rupestris LC Bhot, Marusudar TB, AS, PC G R O

Oriental Turtle Dove Streptopelia orientalis LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar TB, PC, FD, UF G SV F Image 46

Rock Pigeon Columba livia LC Neeru, Kalnai, Bhot, Kishtwar, _Marusudar UF, TB, CV G R C Image 47

Snow Pigeon Columba leuconota LC Kishtwar, Bhot, Marusudar AS, RO G R R

Speckled Wood Pigeon Columba hodgsonii LC Bhot AS G R R Image 48

Spotted Dove Spilopelia chinensis LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar UF, TB, CV G SV O Image 49

Wedge Tailed Green Pigeon Treron sphenurus LC Neeru TB G SV R Image 50

Coraciidae

European Roller Coracias garrulus LC Neeru TB, CV G PM O Image 51

Corvidae

Alpine Chough Pyrrhocorax graculus LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar AS, RO, PS I R F Image 52

Black-headed Jay Garrulus lanceolatus LC Neeru, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar UF, TC O R O Image 53

Common Raven Corvus corax LC Kishtwar, Bhot, Marusudar AS, RO O R R

Eurasian Jackdaw Coloeus monedula LC Kishtwar UF, TB, TC O R F Image 54

Eurasian Jay Garrulus glandarius LC Neeru, Kishtwar TB, TC O R F Image 55

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House Crow Corvus splendens LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar UF, RF, TB, CV O R C Image 57

Kashmir Nutcracker Nucifraga multipunctata LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar TB, TC O R F Image 58

Rufous Treepie Dendrocitta vagabunda LC Neeru RF O SV R Image 59

Large-billed Crow Corvus [macrorhynchos] _japonensis LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar UF, TC, AS, CV, _{OS, PC, DO, GD} O R C Image 60

Red-billed Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax LC Neeru, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar AS, RO I R R Image 61

Yellow-billed Blue Magpie Urocissa flavirostris LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar UF, TB, TC, RF O R C Image 62

Cuculidae

Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopaceus LC Kishtwar UF, TB, OS F SV F Image 63

Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus LC Kishtwar, Bhot, Marusudar, _{Kalnai, Neeru} UF, TB, TC I SV O Image 64

Jacobin Cuckoo Clamator jacobinus LC Bhot UF, TB, TC I SV R Image 65

Lesser Cuckoo Cuculus poliocephalus LC Kishtwar, Bhot, Marusudar, _{Neeru, Kalnai} TB, TC I SV O

Dicruridae

Ashy Drongo Edolius leucophaeus LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar UF, RF, TB I SV C Image 66

Black Drongo Edolius macrocercus LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar UF, RF, TB, FD I SV C Image 67

Bronzed Drongo Dicrurus aeneus LC Neeru TB I SV R Image 68

Emberizidae

Crested Bunting Emberiza lathami LC Kishtwar, Neeru CV, RF, OH O SV R Image 69

Pine Bunting Emberiza leucocephalos LC Kishtwar OH, TC, PC, CV O WV R Image 70

Rock Bunting Emberiza cia LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar UF, TB, TC, PC O R C Image 71

White-capped Bunting Emberiza stewarti LC Neeru, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar UF, TB, CV O SV C Image 72

Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella LC Neeru OS O WV R

Estrildidae

Scaly-breasted Munia Lonchura punctulata LC Neeru CV, TB G SV R Image 73

Falconidae

Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar UF, TB, TC, PC C R C Image 74

Eurasian Hobby Falco subbuteo LC Kishtwar, Bhot, Marusudar TB, OH, TC, _{OS, RF} C SV O Image 75

Peregerine Falcon Falco peregrinus calidus LC Kishtwar, Bhot, Marusudar, _Neeru RF, TB, OHRF, _{TB, OH} C WV R

Shaheen Falcon Falco peregrinus _peregrinator LC Neeru GD, OH C R O Image 76

Fringillidae

Black-and-Yellow Grosbeak Mycerobas icterioides LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar TB, TC, PC G R C Image 77

Brambling Fringilla montifringilla LC Kishtwar OS, TB, UF G WV R Image 78

Brandt’s Mountain Finch Leucosticte brandti LC Bhot AS, RO G R R

Collared Grosbeak Mycerobas affinis LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot TC, PC, FD G R O

Common Rosefinch Erythrina erythrina LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar RF, UF, AS, CV G SV C Image 79

Dark-breasted Rosefinch Procarduelis nipalensis LC Marusudar, Neeru DO, AS, RO G SV R Image 80 Eurasian Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis LC Kishtwar, Bhot, Marusudar TC, PC, DO, FD G R F Image 81 Fire-fronted Serin Serinus pusillus LC Neeru, Kishtwar, Bhot RF, UF, TB G R R Image 82

Himalayan Greenfinch Chloris spinoides LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar TB, TC, AS, CV G SV C Image 83

Himalayan White-browed

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Orange Bullfinch Pyrrhula aurantiaca LC Bhot, Marusudar TC, PC G R R Image 84

Pink-browed Rosefinch Carpodacus rodochroa LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar DO, AS, PS G R F Image 85

Plain Mountain Finch Leucosticte nemoricola LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar AS, PS, FD, RO G R C

Red-browed Finch Callacanthis burtoni LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar TC, PC G R F

Red-fronted Rosefinch Carpodacus puniceus LC Bhot, Marusudar AS, RO G R O Image 86

Red-headed Bullfinch Pyrrhula erythrocephala LC Bhot, Marusudar DO, AS G R R

Red-mantled Rosefinch Carpodacus rhodochlamys LC Bhot, Marusudar DO, AS G R R

White-winged Grosbeak Mycerobas carnipes LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar TC, PC, AS, FD G R R

Hirundinidae

Asian House Martin Delichon dasypus LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar UF, RF, CV I SV O

Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot AQ, RF, UF I SV C Image 87

Red-rumped Swallow Cecropis daurica LC Kishtwar AQ, RF, UF I SV O Image 88

Ibidorhynchidae

Ibisbill Ibidorhyncha struthersii LC Marusudar AQ I R R Image 89

Laniidae

Bay-backed Shrike Lanius vittatus LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, TB, RF, UF, CV C SV O

Grey-backed Shrike Lanius tephronotus LC Kishtwar, Bhot, _{Marusudar,Bhot} TB, RF, UF, CV C SV O

Long Tailed Shrike Lanius schach LC Neeru. Kalnai, Kishtwar,Bhot, _Marusudar TB, RF, UF, CV C SV C Image 90

Laridae

Brown-headed gull Chroicocephalus _{brunnicephalus} _LC _Kishtwar _{AQ, CV} _C _PM _R _{Image 91}

Leiothrichidae

Bar-throated Minla Chrysominla strigula LC Neeru. Kishtwar UF, AS, FD F R O Image 92

Rufous Sibia Malacias capistratus LC Neeru TB, TC, DO I/F R F

Streaked Laughingthrush Trochalopteron lineatum LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar UF, RF, TB I R C Image 93

Variegated Laughingthrush Trochalopteron variegatum LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar UF, RF, TB, AS I R F Image 94

White-throated

Laughingthrush Garrulax albogularis LC Kishtwar UF, RF, TB, AS I R O

Meropidae

European Bee-eater Merops apiaster LC Kishtwar OS, CV, OH I SV O Image 95

Monarchidae

Asian Paradise Flycatcher Terpsiphone paradisi LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar UF, RF, TB I SV C Image 96 Motacillidae

Citrine Wagtail Motacilla citreola LC Neeru. Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot AQ, UF, RF, CV I SV C Image 97

Forest Wagtail Dendronanthus indicus LC Kishtwar TB, TC, OS I PM R Image 98

Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar UF, RF, CV,AQ I SV C Image 99

Paddyfield Pipit Anthus rufulus LC Neeru, Kishtwar CV, OS I R O Image 100

Rosy Pipit Anthus roseatus LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar AS, RO, FD I SV C Image 101

Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar TB, TC, PC, CV I SV O

Upland Pipit Anthus sylvanus LC Kishtwar OH, RO, PC I R R Image 102

Western Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava LC Marusudar, Kishtwar CV, AQ, UF I PM R Image 103

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Family / Common name Binomial name IUCN Locality Habitat Feeding Status Abd Images Muscicapidae

Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros LC Neeru, Kishtwar, _{Bhot,Marusudar} RF, TB I PM O Image 105

Blue Whistling Thrush Myophonus caeruleus LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar AQ, RF, UF, TB I R C Image 106

Blue-capped Redstart Phoenicurus _{coeruleocephala} LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar RF, UF, TB. AS I R C Image 107

Blue-fronted Redstart Phoenicurus frontalis LC Neeru, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar TB, DO, AS O R O Image 108

Blue-headed Rock-thrush _{Monticola cinclorhynchus} _LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot,

Marusudar RF, UF, TB, PC O SV C Image 109

Blue Rock- thrush Monticola solitaries LC Marusudar, Neeru AS O SV O Image 110

Bluethroat Luscinia svecica LC Neeru RF, FD, CV O PM R Image 111

Chestnut-bellied

Rock-thrush Monticola rufiventris LC Kishtwar, Neeru TC, PC O R O Image 112

Siberian Stonechat Saxicola torquatus LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar RF, TB,TC O SV C Image 113

Dark-sided Flycatcher Muscicapa sibirica LC Kishtwar, Bhot, Marusudar TB,TC I SV O Image 114

Desert Wheatear Oenanthe deserti LC Kishtwar CV, OH G SV R Image 115

Eversmann’s Redstart Phoenicurus erythronotus LC Neeru OS O WV R Image 116

Golden Bush Robin Tarsiger chrysaeus LC Kishtwar TB I R R Image 117

Grey Bushchat Rhodophila ferrea LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar RF, UF, TB I R C Image 118

Himalayan Red-flanked

Bush-robin Tarsiger rufilatus LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, Marusudar TB, TC, DO I R C Image 119 Himalayan Rubythroat Calliope pectoralis LC Neeru, Bhot, Marusudar AS, RO I SV O Image 120 Hodgson’s Blue Robin Hodgsonius phaenicuroides LC Bhot, Marusudar TC, AS, FD I SV O

Indian Blue Robin Larvivora brunnea LC Neeru, Kishtwar, Marusudar RF, UF I SV O Image 121

Little Forktail Enicurus scouleri LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar AQ, RF I R F Image 122

Oriental Magpie-robin Copsychus saularis LC Neeru, Kishtwar RF, UF, TB I R F Image 123

Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata LC Neeru, Kishtwar TB, CV, OS I R C Image 124

Plumbeous Water-redstart Phoenicurus fuliginosus LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar AQ, RF I R C Image 125

Rufous-bellied Niltava Niltava sundara LC Bhot, Neeru TB, DO I R O Image 126

Rufous-gorgeted Flycatcher Ficedula strophiata LC Neeru PC I R R Image 127

Rufous-tailed Scrub Robin Cercotrichas galactotes LC Neeru CV I PM R Image 128

Rusty-tailed Flycatcher Muscicapa ruficauda LC Neeru, Kalnai, Bhot TB, TC I SV F Image 129 Slaty-blue Flycatcher Ficedula tricolor LC Bhot, Marusudar,Neeru, Kalnai FD, AS, PS I SV F Image 130

Spotted Forktail Enicurus maculates LC Neeru,Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar AQ, RF I R C Image 131

Tickell’s Blue Flycatcher Cyornis tickelliae LC Neeru OS I SV R Image 132

Ultramarine Flycatcher Ficedula superciliaris LC Neeru,Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar UF, TB, TC, PC I SV F Image 133

Verditer Flycatcher Eumyias thalassinus LC Neeru,Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar UF, TB, TC, CV I SV C Image 134

White-capped River-chat Phoenicurus leucocephalus LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar AQ, RF I R C Image 135

White-winged Redstart Phoenicurus erythrogastrus LC Kishtwar, Neeru RF, AS, RO I SV R Image 136 Nectariniidae

Purple Sunbird Cinnyris asiaticus LC Kalnai RF, UF N SV O

Oriolidae

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Paridae

Cinereous Tit Parus cinereus LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar RF, UF, TB, TC, _{PC, FD, CV} I R C Image 138

Coal Tit Periparus ater _melanolophus LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar TB, TC, PC, FD I SV C Image 139

Fire-capped Tit Cephalopyrus flammiceps LC Neeru TB O SV R Image 140

Green-backed Tit Parus monticolus LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar RF, UF, TB, _{TC, PC} I R C Image 141

Rufous-napped Tit Periparus rufonuchalis LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar RF, UF, TB, TC, _{PC, FD} I R F Image 142

Rufous-vented Tit Periparus rubidiventris LC Marusudar PC I R R

Passeridae

House Sparrow Passer domesticus LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar RF, UF, TB,CV G R C Image 143

Cinnamon Sparrow Passer rutilans LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar RF, UF, TB,CV G R C Image 144

Pelecaniformes

Indian Pond-heron Ardeola grayii LC Kishtwar AQ I/C R C Image 145

Little Egret Egretta garzetta LC Kishtwar AQ I/C R C Image 146

Phalacrocoracidae

Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo LC Kishtwar AQ I/C WV F

Little Cormorant Phalacrocorax niger LC Neeru AQ I/C WV R

Phasianidae

Cheer Pheasant Catreus wallichii VU Neeru, Kalnai TC, PC, FD O R R Image 147

Chukar Partridge Alectoris chukar LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar TB, TC, OS, CV O R F Image 148

Hill Patridge Arborophila torqueola LC Neeru RF O R R

Himalayan Monal Lophophorus impejanus LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar PC, DO, AS, _{FD, PS} O R O Image 149

Himalayan Snowcock Tetraogallus himalayensis LC Bhot, Marusudar AS, RO O R R

Kaleej Pheasant Lophura leucomelanos LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot RF, TB, CV O R F Image 150

Koklass Pheasant Pucrasia macrolopha LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar TB, TC, PC, FD O R O Image 151

Snow Partridge Lerwa lerwa LC Bhot, Marusudar AS, RO O R R

Western Tragopan Tragopan melanocephalus VU Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar DO, AS, RO O R R

Phylloscopidae

Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar RF, TB, DO, AS I WV C Image 152

Greenish Warbler Phylloscopus trochiloides LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot TB, PC, AS, FD I SV C Image 153

Grey-hooded Warbler Phylloscopus xanthoschistos LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar TB, TC, DO, FD I R F Image 154

Hume’s Leaf-warbler Phylloscopus humei LC Kishtwar, Bhot, Marusudar TB, DO, AS I SV O Image 155

Mountain Chiffchaff Phylloscopus sindianus LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot AS, RO, FD I SV O Image 156 Pale-rumped warbler Phylloscopus chloronotus LC Kishtwar, Bhot, Marusudar TB, DO, PC, AS I SV F Image 157 Orange-barred Leaf-warbler Phylloscopus pulcher LC Kishtwar, Bhot, Marusudar TB, PC, AS, CV I R O

Smoky Leaf-warbler Phylloscopus fuligiventer LC Kishtwar AS, RO, FD I PM R

Sulphur-bellied warbler _{Phylloscopus griseolus} _LC _{Kishtwar, Marusudar} _{TC, PC, AS} _I _SV _R

Tickell’s Leaf-warbler Phylloscopus affinis LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot UF, TB, FD, CV I SV O Image 158

Western Crowned Warbler Phylloscopus occipitalis LC Bhot, Marusudar, Neeru, _{Kalnai, Kishtwar} PC, AS I SV R Image 159

Picidae

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Grey faced Woodpecker Picus canus LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar TB, FD I R O Image 161

Himalayan Pied

Woodpecker Dendrocopos himalayensis LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, Marusudar TB, TC, PC, DO, FD I R C Image 162

Lesser Yellownape Picus chlorolophus LC Neeru UF I R R Image 163

Scaly-bellied Woodpecker Picus squamatus LC Neeru, Kalnai, Bhot TC, PC, FD I R O Image 164

Speckled Piculet Vivia innominata LC Kishtwar TB, TC I R R Image 165

Podicipedidae

Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis LC Kishtwar AQ C R O Image 166

Prunellidae

Alpine Accentor Prunella collaris LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar AS, RO, PS I R O Image 167

Altai Accentor Prunella himalayana LC Bhot, Marusudar AS, RO, PS I WV R

Black-throated Accentor Prunella atrogularis LC Kishtwar, Neeru, Bhot UF, TC, FD I WV R Image 168

Brown Accentor Prunella fulvescens LC Neeru,Bhot AS, RO I R R

Rufous-breasted Accentor Prunella strophiata LC Neeru, Bhot, _{Marusudar,Kishtwar, Kalnai} TC, PC, DO, _{FD, PS} I R O Image 169

Psittacidae

Himalayan Parakeet Psittacula himalayana LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar UF, TB F SV O Image 170

Plum-headed Parakeet Psittacula cyanocephala LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, UF, RF, TB F SV O Image 171

Rose-ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri LC Kishtwar UF F SV O Image 172

Pycnonotidae

Himalayan Black Bulbul Hypsipetes leucocephalus LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar RF, UF, TB O R C Image 173

Himalayan Bulbul Pycnonotus leucogenys LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar RF, UF, TB, _{TC, PC} O R C Image 174

Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer LC Neeru UF O R O

Rallidae

Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus LC Kishtwar AQ I/C R O

Eurasian Coot Fulica atra LC Kishtwar AQ I/C R C

Recurvirostridae

Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus LC Neeru AQ, CV I PM O Image 175

Regulidae

Goldcrest Regulus regulus LC Neeru, Kalnai, Bhot, Marusudar TC, PC, FD I R O Image 176 Scolopacidae

Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos LC Bhot AQ I/C SV R

Eurasian Curlew _{Numenius arquata} _LC _Kishtwar _{AQ, CV} _I/C _PM _R _{Image 177}

Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola LC Marusudar AQ I/C PM R Image 178

Sylviidae

Hume’s Whitethroat _{Sylvia althaea} _LC _Kishtwar _{AS, AQ} _I _SV _R

Sittidae

Kashmir Nuthatch Sitta cashmirensis LC Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar TC, PC, FD O R R

White-cheeked Nuthatch Sitta leucopsis LC Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot TC, PC O R O

Stenostiridae

Grey-headed

Canary-flycatcher Culicicapa ceylonensis LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, RF, TB, TC I SV C Image 179

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Family / Common name Binomial name IUCN Locality Habitat Feeding Status Abd Images Strigidae

Asian Barred Owlet Glaucidium cuculoides LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar UF, TB, TC, PC C R O Image 181

Collared Owlet Glaucidium brodiei LC Kishtwar DO, PC C R O Image 182

Collard Scops-owl Otus bakkamoena lettia LC Neeru TC, PC C PM R Image 183

Jungle Owlet Glaucidium radiatum LC Marusudar TB, TC C R R

Tawny Owl Strix aluco LC Kishtwar PC, DO, TB C R R Image 184

Sturnidae

Brahminy Starling Sturnia pagodarum LC Kishtwar, Neeru UF, TB O SV F Image 185

Common Myna Acridotheres tristis LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, RF, UF, CV O R C Image 186

Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris LC Neeru UF, CV O PM R

Tichodromadinae

Wallcreeper _{Tichodroma muraria} _LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot,

Marusudar OH, RO (River side) I WV F Image 187

Timaliidae

Black-chinned babbler _{Cyanoderma pyrrhops} _LC _{Neeru, Kishtwar} _{TB, OS} _O _R _O _{Image 188}

Rusty-cheeked

Scimitar-babbler Megapomatorhinus erythrogenys LC Kishtwar Tb, TC, CV O R R Image 189

Troglodytidae

Eurasian Wren Troglodytes troglodytes LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar, Bhot, _Marusudar RF, TB, DO, _{AS, RO} I R C Image 190

Turdidae

Black-throated Thrush Turdus atrogularis LC Kishtwar, Neeru, Bhot PC, AS, PS, FD I WV R Image 191

Chestnut Thrush Turdus rubrocanus LC Neeru, Bhot, Kishtwar, _Marusudar, RF, UF, TB, TC I SV O Image 192

Grey-winged Blackbird Turdus boulboul LC Neeru, Kalnai, , Kishtwar UF, TB, TC I R F Image 193

Mistle Thrush Turdus viscivorus LC Neeru, Kalnai, Bhot, Kishtwar, _Marusudar PC, TC, AS, FD I R O Image 194

Plain-backed Thrush Zoothera mollissima LC Bhot, Kishtwar, Marusudar PC, AS, RO I R O

Small-billed Scaly Thrush Zoothera dauma LC Bhot, Marusudar PC, FD I SV R

Tibetan Blackbird Turdus maximus LC Bhot, Marusudar AS, RO, FD I R R

Tickell’s Thrush Turdus unicolor LC Kishtwar, Bhot, Marusudar TB,UF I SV F Image 195

Upupidae

Common Hoopoe Upupa epops LC Neeru, Kalnai, Bhot, Kishtwar CV, UF I SV F Image 196

Zosteropidae

Oriental White-eye Zosterops palpebrosus LC Neeru, Kalnai, Kishtwar RF, UF, TB I SV C Image 197

Whiskered Yuhina Yuhina flavicollis LC Neeru RF, TB O R R Image 198

Locality: Neeru - Bhaderwah; Kalnai - Bhalessa; Bhot - Paddar; Marusudar - Dachhan, Marwah and Kishtwar high altitude National Park; Kishtwar-Low lying areas

including Kishtwar town and surroundings.

IUCN: LC - Least Concern; EN - Endangered; NT - Near Threatened; VU - Vulnerable

Habitat where the species was detected: AQ - Aquatic; UF - Urban Forest; OS - Open Scrub; RF - Riparian Forest; TB - Temperate Broadleaf Forest, TC - Temperate

Broadleaf Conifer Forest; PC-Pure Conifer Forest; DO - Dense Oak Forest; AS - Alpine Scrub; PS - Alpine Pasturelands; RO - Rocky Outcrops; CV - Cultivated lands; FD - Forest Edges; GD - Garbage Dumps, AE - Aerial, OH-Open Hill / Cliffs.

Status in terms of migration: R - Resident; SV - Summer visitor; WV - Winter visitor; PM - Passage migrant.

Feeding guild: I - Insectivorous; C - Carnivorous; G - Granivorous; F - Frugivorous; O - Omnivorous.

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