FINAL EXAM REVIEW – PHYSICS 30
Unit 1 Review: Forces & Motion
1. How many significant digits to the following numbers have: a) 900 b) 901 c) 700.03 d) 530. e) 20.00 f) 20.040 g) 0.0004
2. What is the difference between distance and displacement?
4. What is the period of a grandfather clock that makes 15 vibrations in 11 seconds?
5. What is the frequency of a clock that takes 17 seconds to make 65 vibrations?
6. What is the difference between a scalar and a vector quantity? Give an example of each.
7. What is the difference between velocity and speed? Give an example of each.
9. Explain what is happening in the following position-time graph:
10. Calculate the velocity in the following time intervals: a) From 0 to 10 seconds
b) From 15 to 30 seconds
12. Explain what is going on in the following position-time graph. Where do they cross paths?
13. A bike travels at a constant speed of 4.5 m/s for 4 s. How far does it go?
15. A car is travelling at 60 m/s as it approaches a stop sign. The driver applies the brakes for 7.0 seconds. Find the car’s acceleration.
16. Explain what is happening in the following velocity-time graph.
17. In the velocity time graph above, calculate the acceleration of the following:
b) Section C
18. How is it possible that a car moving backwards can have a positive velocity?
19. A race car slows from 36m/s to 15m/s over 3.5s. What is its average acceleration?
21. What is the displacement of a train if it accelerates from +5m/s to +15m/s in a 10 second time interval?
22. A race car travels on a race track at 44m/s and slows at a constant rate to a velocity of 22m/s over 11 s. How far does it move during this time?
24. The drop of doom ride free falls for 2.0s. a) What is the velocity at the end of this time?
b) How far does it fall?
25. A construction worker drops a brick from a high scaffold. a) What is the brick’s velocity after 4 seconds?
b) How far does the brick fall during this time?
26. A tennis ball is thrown straight up in the air with an initial speed of 22.5 m/s. It is caught the same distance above the ground.
ball to rise equals the time it takes to fall.
27. What are the 4 main types of forces? Not including tension force.
28. What is intertia? Give an example.
30. Draw a net force diagram for the following situations: a) A ball is dropped off a high building. Consider air resistance.
b) A person is hanging from 2 ropes in the air.
c) A book is being pushed along a desk.
32. What is the net force needed to accelerate a 1200kg car at +2.5m/s2?
33. A shell is fired from a gun at a velocity of 500m/s. The shell has a mass of 10kg. The gun barrel is 1m long. What is the force of the shell as it leaves the gun barrel? Remember: use the squared version of this equation, not the one in your notes!
35. Find the x and y components of the following: a) q = 42 km [N 34º W]
b) r = 23 km [E 22º S]
36. If r = 15 km [E 35 º N] s = 20 km [N 15 º W] t = 10 km [W 20 º S]
37. A salesperson leaves the office and drives 36 km due north along a straight highway. A turn is made onto a highway that is 30 degrees north of east. The driver continues on this highway for 62 km and then stops. What is the total displacement of the salesperson, including direction and distance?
39. What is projectile motion?
40. A gun shoots a bullet with a velocity of 500. m/s. The gun is aimed horizontally and fired from a height of 1.50 m. How far does the bullet travel?
42. A baseball was hit at 45 m/s at an angle of 55° above the horizontal. How long did it take to reach the top of its peak?
43. What are centripetal motion and centripetal force?
45. A dog is chasing his tail. The radius of the circle that dog makes is 0.62 meters. The dog runs in a circle 10 times in 7.2 seconds.
a) What is the speed of the dog?
b) What us the centripetal acceleration of the dog?
c) If the dog has a bandanna tied to his neck, mass is 0.024 kg, then what is the centripetal force acting on the bandanna?
Unit 2 Review: Conservation Laws
1. What is momentum?
2. Give an example of an object having momentum.
a) An object that has a mass of 200g is moving at 3 m/s
b) An object that has a mass of 12.8 kg is moving at 4.7 m/s
4. What is an impulse?
5. A force of 5.0 N acts on a 4.6kg object for 8 seconds. What is the object’s change in momentum? What is its change in velocity?
6. What force is needed to stop a 700kg car in 15.0s? The car is moving at 20 m/s.
8. Calculate the impulse exerted in each of the following cases: a) A force of 20 N on a car for 5 seconds
b) The earth pulling down on a 2 kg rock during the 6 seconds it takes to fall freely
9. Compared to a car moving at 10 m/s, the same car moving at 100m/s has how much more/less momentum?
10. A 1000kg car was crashed into a garden and stopped. The impulse is 4000Ns and the impact force is 2000N. How long does it take the car to stop?
stop. The final momentum of the vehicle is ___________. This means there was a change in momentum of ____________ and an impulse of ___________. The time the brakes were applied was ____________.
12. A 1200kg car was brought from 20m/s to 10m/s over a time period of 6 seconds. Determine the force experienced by the car.
13. What is the law of conservation of momentum?
14. How is it possible that the momentum change during a collision is equal and opposite if objects are not the same size?
16. Fill in the following chart using the conservation of momentum.
Before Collision After Collision
Bat 100
Ball -60 20
Total
17. Find the final velocity of the following object:
19. A 0.112-kg billiard ball moving at 154 cm/s strikes a second billiard ball of the same mass moving in the opposite direction at 46 cm/s. The second billiard ball rebounds and travels at 72 cm/s after the head-on collision. Determine the post-collision velocity of the first billiard ball.
20. A 60kg football player is moving at 5m/s when he is jumped on by a 65kg football player moving at 3m/s. What is their final velocity?
21. How do you know if work is done on an object?
22. Determine if the following situations have work being done, and if the work is positive or negative.
b) A students pushes against a brick wall, but can’t move it
c) Brakes are applied to slow a moving car to a stop.
23. Why does a vertical force never do work on a horizontally displaced object?
24. Calculate how much work is being done in each of the situations below.
a) A 15 N force is used to push a brick 1.5 meters across a table to the right.
b) A 10N force is used to slow down a moving object over a distance of 10 meters.
How much work does Ben do on his suitcase during this entire motion?
d) Jason pulls up on an object with 20N of force, but the object moves 2 meters to the right.
e) Mavis pulls up on an object with a rope at an angle of 30 degrees with 60N of force. The object moves 2.4 meters along the
horizontal.
25. What are the 2 main types of potential energy?
27. What is kinetic energy?
28. Determine if the following objects have potential or kinetic energy, and calculate them.
a) Your textbook that weighs 2kg is sitting up 1.4 meters in your locker.
b) You throw a football that has a mass of 1.3kg with a speed of 2.3 m/ s
c) A 5kg bowling ball is rolling towards pins at a speed of 1.6 m/s
29. If an object that is in motion triples its speed, how does this affect its kinetic energy?
30. If an object with potential energy doubles its height, how does this affect its potential energy?
31. What is mechanical energy?
32. What is the mechanical energy of a bird that weighs 3.5 kg, is 4 meters off the ground, and is flying at a speed of 1.85m/s?
33. What is power?
35. What are the internal forces?
36. What are the external forces?
37. Which type of forces create a conservation of energy?
38. What happens to the energy of an object if positive work is done on it? Negative work is done on it?
40. Determine this person’s velocity at each of the points below.
41. If an object has a mass of 10kg, and begins at rest at a height of 100m above the ground, what is the object’s mechanical energy at this point? If the object dropped and had a kinetic energy of 5,000J, what would the potential energy be at that point? What height would it be at at this point?
43. To pull a weed out of a garden, you can apply a force of 80 N to the shovel. The shovel applies a force of 750 N to the weed. What is the mechanical advantage of the shovel?
44. A lever is designed to have a mechanical advantage of 6. If the lever applies a force of 1800 N to an object, how much force is applied to the lever?
45. What is efficiency?
46. A stage crew member uses a pulley system to lift scenery for the school play. If he does 850 J of work and the pulley system does 600 J of work, what is the efficiency of the pulley system?
Unit 3 Review: Fields
1. What 3 forces are non-contact, and over a distance?
2. How did Sir Isaac Newton discover gravity?
3. What is the Law of Universal Gravitation?
5. What happens to gravity if the distance between 2 objects is doubled? Tripled? Halved?
6. Determine the force of gravitational attraction between the earth (m = 5.98 x 1024 kg) and a 80-kg physics student if the student is standing
at sea level, a distance of 6.38 x 106 m from earth's center.
7. Determine the force of gravitational attraction between two 60 kg physics students, standing 0.5 meters away from each other.
8. What is the value of g if you are 10,000km above the surface of the earth? Calculate this.
10. Calculate earth’s escape velocity.
11. A satellite orbits the Earth in a radius of 16.0 km. What is its Speed? What is its Period?
12. What is an electric field?
13. What does the strength of an electric field depend on?
15. What is electric potential energy? How is it calculated? 16. Which way does energy flow in a circuit?
17. What is the difference between a source charge and a test charge?
18. How does location affect electric field strength?
19. What are electric field lines?
20. Draw electric field lines for a positive source charge
22. How does the density of lines relate to the amount of charge? Draw an example of this.
23. Draw a charge configuration for 2 positively charged objects.
24. Draw a charge configuration for 2 negatively charged objects.
26. What 3 things influence the strength of an electric force?
27. What is Coulomb’s Law?
28. Two balloons are charged with an identical quantity and type of charge: -6.25 nC. They are held apart at a separation distance of 65.5 cm. Determine the magnitude of the electrical force of repulsion between them.
29. Two balloons with charges of +3.45 µC and -8.90 µC attract each other with a force of 0.0736 Newton. Determine the separation
magnitude and field at a point, P, 40cm away.
31. How are magnetic fields related to electricity? Explain.
32. What do magnetic attraction and repulsion field lines look like?
33. What are magnetic poles?
34. Explain why the Earth has a magnetic field.
1. What are electromagnetic waves?
2. What kinds of electromagnetic waves have longer wavelengths? Shorter wavelengths?
3. What was Planck’s contribution to modern physics? Explain this, do not just simply write ‘Planck’s constant’.
4. What does the word ‘quantized’ mean? Why is this important?
6. A photon has a frequency (f) of 2.98 x 107 Hz. Calculate its energy.
7. Calculate the energy (E) and wavelength () of a photon of light with a frequency (f) of 6.23 x 1015 Hz.
8. Calculate the frequency and the energy of blue light that has a wavelength of 440 nm.
9. Photons with a frequency of 3.98x1018 Hz are directed toward a copper
surface (work function of 7.33x10-19J). What will the maximum energy
10. What kinds of applications are there for the photoelectric effect?
11. Looking at a graph such as the following, what does the point at which the line begins represent?
13. What does wave-particle duality mean? How did scientists figure this out? Explain!
14. What are the 4 theories that scientists have about why wave-particle duality happens?
16. What was the double-slit experiment? Explain!
17. What applications are there in the real world for wave-particle duality and quantum physics?
18. What is superposition?
20. What was Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle?
21. What is radioactivity?
22. What are the 3 types of radiation? Draw their symbols.
24. What are 2 ways that radioactivity is detected? Explain them.
25. What is the difference between a becquerel, a gray, and a Sievert?
27. If 200 J of radiation was absorbed by a 40 kg person, what is the dose?
28. What are some physical effects that radiation expose has on the body? Consider different strengths of exposure.
29. What are 2 natural sources of radiation? What type of radiation are these?
31. What is half-life?
32. A radioactive element has a half life of 8 years. If 32.8 g of it disintegrates over a period of 40 years, how many grams would remain?
33. How long does it take a 200g sample of a radioactive element to decay to 10 grams, if its half life is 50 years?
35. What is transmutation?
36. Explain the theory of relativity in terms of motion. Consider what are absolutes, and what is relative.
37. What is a space-time continuum?
39. If you stayed on earth for 10 years, and your twin went into space, travelling at 0.85c, how much will your twin have aged in space?
40. If you stayed on earth, and your friend went into space for 2 years, travelling at 0.9c, how much will you have aged in this time period?
41. How doe gravity affect the theory of relativity and time dilation?
43. What is the difference between fission and fusion?
44. What is the mass defect? Why is this the case?
45. The loss of mass in a fission reaction is 0.06 kg. How much energy will have been produced?
46. 3.6 x 1018 J of energy is released in a reaction. How many grams
47. Briefly explain how electricity is generated from nuclear power in nuclear power plants. Include a couple of power plant parts in your explanation.
48. What happened at Chernobyl? Why was this such a terrible thing?
49. Briefly explain how nuclear weapons get detonated.
