Does it require energy for you to move? Does active transport require energy? Does cell division require energy? If you need energy to power your flashlight, what is a quick source of energy

Today

■ Unit 4 Plan and Today’s Workshop -

ENERGY IN A CELL

ATP

■

Does it require energy for you to

move?

■

Does active transport require

energy?

■

Does cell division require energy?

■

If you need energy to power your

flashlight, what is a quick source

of energy?

All Cells Need Energy to do “work”

Mitochondria supply the energy in the form of ATP.

ATP is the energy

■ ATP – adenosine triphosphate

■ Made of an adenine, ribose, and 3 phosphate groups

Adenin e

ATP

■ Phosphate groups have a

-

■ Energy is stored in the bond between

the 2nd and 3rd phosphate group

■ When the bond is broken, energy is released and ADP is formed

Adenin e

ATP

Adenin e

How Does ATP Work?

■ ADP - adenosine diphosphate (di means

2; only 2 phosphate groups attached)

Adenine

Bozeman Science

■ First 6 minutes of Bozeman Science – ATP

■ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GML

■

Cellular proteins

have a

specific site where

ATP

can

bind

■

The ATP provides energy to

cellular proteins

■

What cellular proteins?

ENZYMES

■

How could we recharge

this ATP “battery”?

■

The chemical reaction

ADP ATP

happens with help of the enzyme

ATP synthase

ATP Synthase

■ What is ATP synthase?

■ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PjdPT

ATP Synthase

projects

inward from

inner

Quick Review

1. What do cells use energy for?

2. What do organisms use energy for?

3. What is a quick source of energy for cells? 4. Where in ATP is the energy stored?

5. How do you get the energy?

6. How do you “recharge” the energy

molecule?

7. Why is the enzyme ATP synthase

important?

Pick up the

C

hr

oma

tog

ra

phy

Lab handout

■

QUIETLY read the lab activity,

then complete the hypothesis

Today (If chromatography lab is

done)

■ Chromatography Lab

■ Review ATP after the test assignment and HW

■ Today’s Workshop –

Photosynthesis

Today

■ Today’s Workshop –

Background:

C

hr

oma

tog

ra

phy

= process of

separating

pigments according to

COL

O

R

Rate solvent moves up paper:

1) how soluble the substance is in the solvent 2) how well the substance adheres to the paper

Chlorophyll

=

pigment

that traps sun’s

energy and

absorbs

most

λ

except

Background:

Chlorophyll

=

pigment

that traps sun’s

energy and

absorbs

most

λ

except

Photosynthesis

■ Photo means light

■ Synthesis means putting together

■ Photosynthesis is the process that

plants use to change water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and

carbohydrates (called glucose) that they can use for food

Photosynthesis

6CO

+ 6H

O

C

H

O

+ 6O

In the presence of light and chlorophyll

Chlorophyll

■

A pigment in chloroplasts that

enables plants to perform

photosynthesis

■

Chlorophyll traps the sun’s energy and

Photosynthesis

•

Why do

leaves

change

color

in the

fall?

■ Shorter days and lower temperatures

signal leaves to decrease amounts of chlorophyll. So you now see other

Chlorophyll

1. Wavelength of light

Red & blue increases PS; green decreases PS

2. Light intensity

3. Temperature (within range) 4. Water availability

5. CO₂ concentration 6. Nutrient availability

Photosynthesis

Section 23-4

Leaves

■ 1. Stomata: pores on the leaves that allow

carbon dioxide (CO₂) in and oxygen (O₂) out during photosynthesis

■ 2. Guard cells control the opening & closing of

the stomata (open during the day for photosynthesis & closed at night)

■ 3. Transpiration: loss of water through the

Stoma-exchange of CO₂ and O_{2 Guard cells} Cuticle – waterproof

Guard

Cells

Stoma

The source of energy for life on

earth is the

sun

The only way to get that energy

to living things on earth is

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

• O

• GLUCOSE

GOES

INTO

Water

• CO

IN THE PRESENCE OF:

SUNLIGHT

CHLOROPHYLL

Quick Review

1. What do cells use energy for?

2. What is a quick source of energy for cells?

3. Where in ATP is the energy stored? 4. How do you get the energy?

5. How do you “recharge” the energy

molecule?

6. Why is the enzyme ATP synthase

important?

Quick Review

1. What is the equation for photosynthesis?

2. What organelle contains chlorophyll?

3. What “goes into” photosynthesis?

4. What “comes out of” photosynthesis?

5. What is the ultimate energy source for all

life on Earth?

6. How can the sun’s energy be made usable

FOCUS ASSIGNMENT

7 questions

NOT A QUIZ - LOOK IT UP IF YOU

DON’T KNOW

1. What is the equation for photosynthesis? 2. What organelle is the site of

photosynthesis?

Section 23-4

FOCUS ASSIGNMENT:

4. What is the waxy coating on plant leaf

surfaces called?

5. stomata: pores on the leaves that allow

_____ in and ___ out during photosynthesis

6. ________ cells control the opening & closing of the stomata (open during the day for photosynthesis & closed at night)

7. State one thing that cells need energy for.

TURN YOUR PAPER OVER FOR A QUIZ. YOU MAY USE YOUR FOCUS

ASSIGNMENT ON THIS QUIZ.

chloroplast mitochondria nucleus

1. What organelle is the site of photosynthesis?

O₂ CO₂ C₆H₁₂O₆ H₂O

3. Stomata on lower leaf surfaces allow ______ in and _____ out during

photosynthesis.

4. ______ cells control the opening and closing of the stomata

(no word bank for this one - what is the name of those two cells?)

Section 23-4

FOCUS ASSIGNMENT:

6. State one thing that cells need energy for.

Review Video: Photosynthesis

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Aerobic = needs

oxygen

Examples: mammals, trees, bacteria

Anaerobic-does

NOT

need

oxygen

Examples: tetanus, and botulism

Obligate anaerobes =

must

have

no

oxygen

Clostridium and methane-producing archaea (ancient bacteria)

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

■

Glucose

is broken down for

energy -

ATP

!!!!!

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Two different metabolic pathways

–

begin in cytoplasm

:

A. Fermentation

(anaerobic)

B. Aerobic cellular respiration

Moves into mitochondria

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

■

Glucose incompletely broken

down

■

Some energy remains in

resulting molecule

■

2 ATP

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

In yeast - fermentation:

Glucose carbon dioxide &

ethanol

C

H

O

2CO

+ C

H

OH

Yeast cells do alcoholic fermentation

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Wine and beer industry – ferment

carbohydrates in fruits and grains to

produce ______________

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Baking – CO

causes bread to rise

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

■

Animals and some microbes

produce lactic acid

■

Yogurt

■

Cheeses

■

Sourdough bread

■

Animals and some microbes

produce lactic acid

■

Muscle fatigue

■

From lactic acid in muscles

■

Want to hop on one foot for 2

minutes?

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

■

Glucose completely broken down

to inorganic molecules

■

More

chemical energy converted

to

ATP

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water

C

H

O

+ 6O

6CO

+ 6H

O

Note – oxygen required!!

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

■

Final steps occur in

the mitochondria

■

36 ATP

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Pathway

_ATP

Fermentation

2

How much energy (ATP) is produced during respiration?

■

Anaerobic Respiration – 2 ATP

■

Aerobic Respiration – 36 ATP

CELLULAR

RESPIRATION

C

H

O

+ 6O

6CO

+ 6H

O

Cellular respiration

is how cells get ATP from glucose!

Glucose cellular respiration ATP

Think …

How does the formula for

photosynthesis compare to the

formula for cellular respiration ?

PS:

6CO

+ 6H

O

C

H

O

+ 6O

CR:

Comparing Photosynthesis and Respiration

Photosynthesis

■ Food (glucose) is made ■ Energy from the Sun

stored in Glucose

■ CO

2 taken in

■ Oxygen given off ■ Occurs in plants

Respiration

■ Food (glucose) is broken

down

■ Energy of Glucose

Released as ATP

■ CO

2 given off

■ Oxygen taken in

■ Occurs in plants and

Review video: Cellular Respiration

Quick Review

1. What molecule is like a battery for the cell?

2. Where in ATP is the energy stored? 3. How do you get the energy?

4. How do you “recharge” ADP?

7. What molecule is broken down by cellular respiration to make ATP?

8.Where in the cell does cellular respiration begin?

9. What organism uses fermentation to produce carbon dioxide and alcohol?

10. What is one use of the carbon dioxide that yeasts produce?

11. Is fermentation aerobic or anaerobic?

12. Where in the cell does aerobic cellular respiration conclude?

13. How many ATP molecules are produced by fermentation? aerobic cellular

respiration?

14. What is the formula for cellular respiration?

15. How does PS compare with CR? How else?

16. T/F? Plants and animals do CR.

Classwork

■

Assignment from the textbook:

■

A) page 237, Copy the

information in Table 9.1

■

B) page 236, read the Minilab

and complete the 4 Analysis