Reconstruction
Reconstruction
(1865-77)
(1865-77)
Reconstruction
Aboliton
13th Amendment
14th Amendment
Black Vote
Hiram Revels
Republican promises
Sharecropping
Tenant Farmers
Scalawags
Carpetbaggers
Segregation
Force Acts
Amnesty Act
Redemption
Exodusters
Problems out west
Inventions
Plains Homes
Morrill (Land Grant) Act
1862
Transcontinental Railroad
Immigrants
Regulation
Credit Mobilier 1872
1876 Election
Literacy Exams
Poll Taxes
Grandfather Clause
Solid South
Reconstruction Problems
Reconstruction Problems
This was a period of time after the war to
rebuild the south.
What was the country going to do with 4
million free blacks?
What should be done with the south?
Control
Control
Congress and the
President argued
over who would
control
Power Struggle
Power Struggle
Government Views:
Government Views:
From your worksheet
From your worksheet
Who wanted an easy Reconstruction
Who wanted an easy Reconstruction
and who wanted a hard one?
and who wanted a hard one?
Lincoln’s Plan:
Lincoln’s Plan:
What was it called?
What was it called?
What his view of secession?
What his view of secession?
What were the key parts of the
What were the key parts of the
plan?
Radical Republicans
Radical Republicans
Leaders?
Leaders?
View of slaveholders?
View of slaveholders?
What did they want to provide
What did they want to provide
Freedmen?
Freedmen?
What is our plan?
Andrew Johnson
Andrew Johnson
13th Amendment
13th Amendment
Abolished slavery
Johnson then said if southern states accepted this,
they could re-enter the Union
What did Johnson say states had
What did Johnson say states had
to do to re-enter the Union? (4
to do to re-enter the Union? (4
parts)
parts)
1.
Each state would have to withdraw
its secession
2.
swear allegiance to the Union
3.
annul Confederate war debts
By 1865, states began to send
By 1865, states began to send
representatives to Congress;
representatives to Congress;
many had served in the
many had served in the
Confederate Army and
Confederate Army and
Congress…too easy
Congress…too easy
Radical Republicans turned them
Radical Republicans turned them
away
Freedman’s Bureau
Freedman’s Bureau
1.
What was the
Freedman’s Bureau?
2.
What did it provide?
(3 things)
It was later vetoed by
Johnson
Black Codes
Black Codes
What did the Black Codes do?
What did Johnson do that took away support from the Freedmen?
Limit blacks socially and economically in some southern states; seems like little changed Many didn’t know what they would do after
the war; many just drifted This upset white southerners Black Codes
Allowed marriages Property ownership Right to sue (not whites) Can’t be on a jury
Can’t carry weapons Can’t marry whites Curfews
Travel Permits
1.
What groups gained control of Congress in 1866?
Civil Rights Act, 1866..what did
Civil Rights Act, 1866..what did
it state?
it state?
All blacks were citizens and attacked the black
codes
14
14
th
th
Amendment
Amendment
They would later pass
the 14th Amendment
Anyone born in
America is a citizen
(former slaves)
Allows due process of
law
Not approved by the
states until 1868
Reconstruction Act, 1867
Reconstruction Act, 1867
1.What were the 3 parts of the Reconstruction Act, 1867?
2.What did Johnson try to do regarding the bill?
Punish the South
Punish the South
Radical Republicans
WHY???
WHY???
Southerners were upset at the military occupation and
wondered:
What else do we have to do?
We lost the war
We gave up our slaves
They couldn’t accept equality
Union troops had to protect blacks as they went to the
polls to vote
Impeachment
Impeachment
1.
Tenure of Office
Act: What was the
act (in your own
words)?
2.
How did Johnson
violate this act?
3.
How close was the
vote and what was
the verdict on
Ulysses S. Grant (1869-77)
Ulysses S. Grant (1869-77)
Republican
Won the 1868 election (War hero)
The black vote was important in the election of 1868 as many
Cannot be denied
the right to vote
based on race
Nothing about
gender in there
15th
15th
Hiram Revels:
Hiram Revels:
First black Senator;
First black Senator;
from Mississippi
from Mississippi
Took the seat of Jefferson Davis
Republican Promises
Republican Promises
Radical Republicans wanted to
redistribute the land taken from
the big plantation owners
Some Republicans promised
freedmen 40 acres and a mule
Republicans wanted political,
not economic equality for
blacks
Much of their concern came
from the want of black votes
Sharecropping\Tenant Farming
Sharecropping\Tenant Farming
Sharecropping:
work the
land and harvest crops; give
2\3 of crop to master (rent)
and freedman keeps 1\3
They would be able to sell this
for a profit and eventually
save enough money to buy
their own land
It won’t work!!!!
Tenant farming:
this was
renting the land from someone
Same as it ever was!!!
Same as it ever was!!!
Many freedmen had no
place to go and plantation
owners had no workers
Many times you would
end up working for your
former masters, but you
aren’t their slave any
longer
It just feels like you are a
Scalawags and Carpetbaggers
Scalawags and Carpetbaggers
Scalawags (scoundrel)
White southerners who
joined the Republican
party
Carpetbaggers
Northerners who moved to
the south after the war
Some to help; others to
Northern Carpetbagger
Segregation
Segregation
Also brought about
segregation:
division of
Depression of 1873
Depression of 1873
Lasted 5 years
Economic problems blamed on
White’s Can’t Accept It
White’s Can’t Accept It
Many couldn’t take equality
Many couldn’t take equality
in the south
in the south
They had been taught since
They had been taught since
birth that blacks were
birth that blacks were
inferior
inferior
Some turned to terrorism
Some turned to terrorism
(KKK)
(KKK)
Began as a way to
Began as a way to
discourage Freedmen
discourage Freedmen
Meetings
Meetings
Force Acts
Force Acts
Congress passed the law
Coming back to power...
Coming back to power...
Amnesty Act, 1872:
returning the
right to vote and hold office to some
former Confederate leaders
One by one, former leaders began to
come back to power
Redemption:
former Democrats
coming back antebellum positions
Who won the war?
The same people that were in power
before the war were in the charge
after the war
Radical Republicans began to lose
Exodusters
Exodusters
Through the Homestead
Act, over 600,000 families
moved west
Freedmen who left the
south for Kansas
Free land in Kansas
160 acres, but not all that
land was good for farming
Also had to deal with
Problems of the west
Problems of the west
People were moving to the west in
large numbers
Problems
drought
fire
loneliness
grasshopper plagues (4-6 inches deep)
Inventions that aid the farmer
Inventions that aid the farmer
What two inventions have we already
talked about?
Steel plow and reaper
Barbed wire
Steel windmill
What was the importance of barbed wire?
Ended the free range by allowing farmers to fence off
land
Kept out predators
Steel Windmills?
No, not electricity
No, not to slow down the wind
Grinding meal
Home, Home
Home, Home
on the Plains
on the Plains
There were few trees on the
plains so homes had to be
built out of the land itself
Sod Houses called a soddy
Leaked all the time and
little sun light
Dugouts were built into the
Morrill (Land Grant) Act, 1862
Morrill (Land Grant) Act, 1862
Land granted from the Federal
Government for public universities
Transcontinental Railroad
Transcontinental Railroad
•
Completed in 1869
•
The two companies building the railroad met at
Promontory Point, Utah
•
Built by two competing companies
Union Pacific and Central Pacific
•Creates and expands national markets
•
More travel across America
•Video
Hell on Wheels
Immigrants
Immigrants
The railroad was largely built by Chinese and Irish
immigrants
Many Chinese left over from the gold rush
Railroad
Railroad
Culture
Culture
C.F. Dowd: created time zones
for trains; now used all over the
world
Railroad terms used in our
language:
full head of steam
sidetracked
Songs and stories of the
railroad
John Henry
“I’ve Been Working on the
Railroad”
Regulation:
railroads were the first
Grant has problems
Grant has problems
1873 Depression blamed
on Grant
Grant wasn’t a politician
His friends hurt him
His friends got involved in
Credit Mobilier
Credit Mobilier
Railroad construction scandal (1872)
President Grant was blamed
1876 Election
1876 Election
Between Rutherford B.
Election of 1876
Election of 1876
Tilden had the majority of the
popular vote and there was no
majority in the electoral vote
20 electoral votes were in dispute
Who decides?
House voted in a committee to
investigate down party lines
8 Rep. And 7 Dem.
A deal was made between the
Democrats and Republicans
Compromise of 1877
Hayes becomes President
(Republican)
Troops taken out of the south
Black Vote
Black Vote
As blacks voted less, whites made gains in
government
The Right to Vote?
The Right to Vote?
Literacy Exam:
had to
pass a literacy exam to vote
Created by southern states
Hard questions
Oral exams
Democrats got easier
questions
Poll Tax:
had to pay a tax
to vote
Grandfather Clause
Grandfather Clause
Poor whites were also being
effected by the poll tax and
literacy exam
Grandfather clause
allowed whites to vote
If your grandfather could
vote before the Civil War,
then you could vote
Even if you couldn’t pay the
poll tax or pass the literacy
exam
Declared unconstitutional in
1915
SOLID SOUTH
SOLID SOUTH
Since many blacks
were denied the right
to vote, whites gained
control of southern
politics and most
voted Democrat
Jim Crow Laws
Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896
Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896
Plessy was a black man
who sued because he
was denied a seat on a
train reserved for whites
He said black and white
train cars were not equal
Supreme Court said it
was equal
Separate but equal
(segregation) is legal
Did Reconstruction Work?
Did Reconstruction Work?
YES:
The slaves were freed
Freedmen given more
rights
Legally recognized
marriages
Own land
Voting rights
Citizenship
NO:
Poll taxes and literacy
exams limit voting
rights
Black codes limit
freedmen
Little support for
economic reforms to
aid freedmen
Many worked for
I rode with old Jeb Stuart and his band of Southern horse
And there never were no Yankees who could meet us force to force
No they never did defeat us, but we could never evade
Their dirty foreign politics and cowardly blockade
Well we hadn’t and powder and we hadn’t any shot
And we hadn’t any money to by what we ain’t got
So we rode our worn out horses and we ate on plain corn meal
And we lick’em where we caught em with Southern guts and steel
We sunk the ship at Sumter and we broke her plumb in two
We showed them bully Yanks just what we aim to do
At a little creek called Bull Run we took their starry rag
To wipe our horse with and I ain’t here to brag
There aren’t as many left of us who rode out at the start
And then there are the weary weak in body sad of heart
We fought a fight to be proud of and I am here to say
I’ll climb my horse and follow Marse come hell, come any day
Old
Oh, I'm a good old Rebel, now that's just what I am,
For this "Fair Land of Freedom" I do not give a damn! I'm glad I fit against it, I only wish we'd won,
And I don't want no pardon for anything I done. I hates the Constitution, this Great Republic, too, I hates the Freedman's Buro in uniforms of blue, I hates the nasty eagle with all his brag and fuss,
The lying, thieving Yankees, I hates 'em wuss and wuss! I hates the Yankee nation and everything they do, I hates the Declaration of Independence, too,
I hates the "Glorious Union" , 'tis dripping with our blood, I hates their striped banner, I fit it all I could.
I followed old Marse Robert for four years, near about, Got wounded in three places, and starved at P'int Lookout; I cotched the "roomatism" a'campin' in the snow,
But I killed a chance o' Yankees, and I'd like to kill some mo'. Three hundred thousand Yankees is stiff in Southern dust! We got three hundred thousand before they conquered us. They died of Southern fever and Southern steel and shot, I wish they was three million instead of what we got. I can't take up my musket and fight 'em now no more, But I ain't a'gonna love 'em, now that is sarten sure; And I don't want no pardon for what I was and am, I won't be reconstructed, and I do not care a damn! I won't be reconstructed! I'm better now than them, And for a carpetbagger, I do not give a damn. So I'm off for the frontier, soon as I can go, I'll prepare me a weapon and start for Mexico.
Grub
Grub
Breakfast
Sow Bosom
Salt Pork
Hot Rocks
Biscuits
Splatter Dabs
Pancakes
Larripy Dope
Syrup
Bellywash
Coffee
Dinner
Hucky Dummy
Biscuits
Axle Grease
Butter
Calf Fries
Bull testicles
Cooked on
prairie coal
Cow dung
Music roots
Sweet Potatoes
Skunk eggs
Onions
Gun wadding
Bread
•
Breakfast
•
String of Flats
•Pancakes
•
Hen Fruit
•Eggs
•
Ned
•Bacon
•
Choker Holes
•Doughnuts
•
Dough Gods
•Bread
•
Googlum
•Gravy
•
Cowcumbers
Calf Fries\Rocky Mountain
Calf Fries\Rocky Mountain
